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Journal articles on the topic 'Immovable cultural monuments'
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1
Mishchenko, Maryna. "Determining the status of immovable objects of cultural heritage: features and existing problems." Culturology Ideas, no. 19 (1'2021) (2020): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-19-2021-1.135-143.
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This paper investigates issues related to modern features of determining the status of immovable cultural heritage sites as well as the accompanying practical aspects. The paper emphasizes that listing the object of cultural heritage in the State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine by the category of national or local significance shows the object's special status and should guarantee that the state, represented by the bodies of authority, will take the necessary measures for its protection and preservation. It is stated and grounded that the currently existing format of the State Register is outdated; it was formed without having considered the available positive practical experience, new challenges of modern life and achievements of the technological progress. Thereby, it is necessary to change certain provisions of the current Law of Ukraine "On protection of cultural heritage", in particular, regarding the formation of the basic terminology of the monument protection sphere and the procedure for publishing information on state registration of cultural heritage sites. In order to form and store the data of the State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine, it is necessary to use modern software adapted for the specific needs, and not just use the option of archiving available text documents.
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Kuryazova, Darmоnjоn. "FEATURES OF MUSEUMIFICATION OF MONUMENTSARCHAEOLOGY ABROAD." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-4-2.
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In this article, attention is paid to the little-studied problems of archaeological monuments as the preservation of cultural heritage, using various methods of museumification.The article briefly describes the history of the problem, the organizational activities of scientists from different countries on the museumification of immovable archaeological monuments. The author also gives a comparative analysis of the work carried out on the museumification of immovable objects in various countries of the world.
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Burnham, B. "Architectural heritage: the paradox of its current state of risk." International Journal of Cultural Property 7, no. 1 (January 1998): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739198770146.
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The treatment of movable and immovable heritage is markedly different. While movable objects are highly valued and carefully protected, their immovable equivalents are often under a serious cloud of threat. This peril is the result of global mismanagement, failure of governments to provide adequate funds for their maintenance, and lack of recognition by the public that these disappearing resources are assets of major value. Conservators of immovables face special ethical and practical concerns in their efforts to preserve cultural heritage within its context - depicted in this article as case histories from the World Monuments Watch list of endangered sites. The legal and procedural mechanisms that support this task are ineffectual in the face of rapid change. The field needs new methodologies that harness public appreciation of a site's 'sense of place' to guarantee its future.
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Szczepanowska, Karolina. "ADAPTACJA ZABYTKÓW ARCHITEKTURY W GDAŃSKU. ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI W ŚWIETLE OBOWIĄZKÓW ORGANÓW OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_04.
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This article discusses the issue of adaptation of immovable historic monument and sites in light of the legal requirements and from the point of view of heritage protection authorities being one of the participants of the adaptation process. The initial aim is to define the concept of monument adaptation and delineate the conditions in which such a process occurs. The article describes a series of initial actions taken prior to the actual preservation and restoration works – as part of the adaptation process. These works include e.g. detailed research on a historic monument or site, including historical (historical-preservation studies), preservation, architecture, and in many cases also archaeological research. The aim of these activities is to acquire a fullest possible picture of the monument. The results of this research then constitute a basis for preparation of project documentation of the intended works. The article underlines importance of assigning an appropriate purpose to the asset undergoing the process of adaptation, which should be merged with a monument or site, i.e. respect all of its historical values and ensure the optimal utility of the asset, avoiding a series of potential negative consequences.The paper then discusses the applicable legal framework concerning protection of immovable monuments and competences of monument protection authorities resulting from the said framework.The paper’s conclusion postulates that the activities of all personnel working on historic monuments and sites should be guided by their inner conviction that monuments need to be looked after and that they have a social duty to maintain them for the sake of future generations. This duty is actually applicable to all citizens, just as the cultural heritage is the primary building block of the nation’s historical identity.
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Ivanc, Tjaša, and Jose Caramelo Gomes. "Valuing Immovable Cultural Heritage as a Generator of Opportunities for the Revival of Local Identity." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 13, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 719–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/13.3.719-740(2015).
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Value is the core of heritage conservation; it is what justifies legal regulations for conserving built heritage and financial investments for its maintenance and suggests usefulness and benefits of the heritage as a resource for regional growth and sustainability. Classifying (by means of proclamation) immovable property as being a part of monumental heritage has been the central instrument of heritage protection law. The basis of protection is identifying the (object of) public interest, and this identification ex lege commences legal protection, i.e. conservation regimes are established on proclaimed immovable monuments. Even though values are widely understood to be critical to understanding for heritage conservation, there is but little knowledge on how the whole range of values may be assessed in the context of decision-making and establishing the significance of the built heritage in question. This paper seeks to examine the role of built heritage as property development and its impact on local identity. A critical review of financial management and the attitude of state and local government towards built heritage is also undertaken.
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Kioussi, Anastasia, Kyriakos Labropoulos, Maria Karoglou, Antonia Moropoulou, and Roko Zarnic. "Recommendations and Strategies for the Establishment of a Guideline for Monument Documentation Harmonized with the Existing European Standards and Codes." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (December 21, 2011): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.23.
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Information on current state of immovable cultural heritage is important for specifying measures necessary to preserve the heritage in an appropriate condition and ensure that the maintenance required to keep it at this level is well defined. In this framework, EU-CHIC project aims to set-up a system introducing a concept of the “Cultural Heritage Identity Card”, which will develop into a systematic collection and storage of data on immovable heritage objects across European and neighboring countries. This work supports sustainable maintenance, preservation and revitalization of historic sites and monuments. This is achieved through the development of a guideline for the assessment of efficient documentation systems that identify the parameters needed for the characterisation of the preservation state of a monument and its possible alterations during its entire lifetime. In order to develop and test the recommendations for efficient compilation of the data pertinent to each monument under observation, the development of criteria, indicators and protocols as part of a common methodology that encourages the exchange of document between European countries is initiated. The criteria encompass all potential factors affecting the building structure, the non-structural elements, the architectural value and any other aspects ranging from the functionality of the monument/building, to its historic value. This has been achieved through an integrated survey of existing documentation protocols in the field of cultural heritage protection, and through implementation of recommendations about criteria for harmonizing these protocols, both which provide a new documentation methodology. This new methodology is an upgrade of current documentation methodologies, and responds to criteria and indicators for risk assessment and the technology state of diagnostics and data management. A guideline will provide the essential document for further development of European policies for the traceability of cultural assets and harmonization of criteria for the future maintenance of European Cultural Heritage.
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Lebedev, Aleksandr Ivanovich, Tamara Anatolevna Pushkareva, and Svetlana Yur'evna Samokhodova. "Problems and prospects for the conservation and rational use of cultural heritage sites of the local (municipal) significance." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 2 (February 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2021.2.34753.
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The object of this research is the immovable cultural heritage. The subject of this research is the activity of the local self-government for the conservation, use, and popularization of cultural heritage sites owned by the municipalities, located in their territories, as well as state protection of cultural heritage sites of local (municipal) significance. Such authority is set in by the Federal Law “On Cultural Heritage Sites (Historical and Cultural Monuments) of the Peoples of the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law No.131-FZ “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation). Leaning on the experience of the colleagues and analysis of the activity of Ufa City Municipal District Administration of the Republic of Bashkortostan, positive and negative results obtained in the course of exercising the authority granted by the legislation in this sphere, the author acknowledges the need for a more integrated approach towards conservation of immovable cultural heritage of the local (municipal) significance; it includes the stage of its identification, and registration (with the municipal authorities), as well as organization of their rational use, such as leasing, privatization, etc. The article provides a number of recommendations, which are based on the practical experience and comprehension of theoretical material.
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Kirichenkova, Anna A. "The concept and legal nature of immovable objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture)." Leningrad legal journal, no. 1 (2021): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35231/18136230_2021_1_79.
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LANDMANN, Tomasz. "LEGAL REGULATIONS IN THE FIELD OF CULTURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 1944-1989 IN TERMS OF CULTURAL SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY." Journal of Science of the Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces 186, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7221.
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The article attempts to analyze the meaning of legal regulations developed in the field of cultural heritage protection in the years 1944-1989. It has been argued that these years were markedly different in terms of law in the sphere of cultural heritage protection than the period between 1918 and 1939 analyzed by the author in another article. The author decided to refer to legal acts and literature in the form of elaborations and magazines in the field of monuments protection. The specificity of the chosen subject and problem required the choice of a scientific method in the form of legal acts analysis, supported by literature review. The presented information shows that the period between 1944 and 1989 was characterized by a different approach of the Polish authorities towards the issue of cultural heritage protection in comparison to the years 1918-1939. The mentioned protection had an instrumental character and was one of the political-ideological tools influencing the society. Furthermore, the growth of legal protection of cultural assets in the age of the PRL took place in the conditions of centralized administration that adopted the idea of social distribution of many such assets, which led to devastation of numerous immovable monuments and sometimes also the antique furnishings. All the introduced legal regulations required a thorough change and redefinition of the legal status after the political-structural transformation of 1989.
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Bogdanova, Galina, and Liana Galabova. "Barriers to the Digital and Physical Accessibility of the Religious Cultural Heritage of Holy Mount of Sofia." Cultural and Historical Heritage: Preservation, Representation, Digitalization 5, no. 2 (2019): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/issn.2367-8038.2019_2_012.
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Accessibility of religious centres and their additional hierotopical natural and architectural spaces, although implied by virtues of responsibility, solidarity, care, charity, and love, does not seem to be internal characteristic priority in confessional specifics of socialisation of private and public places by Eastern Orthodox Christian Church. Management of living heritage (traditional and reconstructed), as well as of tangible (movable and immovable) church cultural heritage, of artworks and art performances according to their artistic value, and of feasts and practices, according to their touristic potential is accomplished mostly in the interest of their liturgical confessional function in the context of Eastern Orthodox Christian subcultural lifestyle in its whole traditional and contemporary global variety. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Sacred Sites, Accessibility, Special Needs, Tourist Socialisation, Subcultures, Monuments of Culture, Eastern Christian Orthodox Church, Pilgrimage tourism, Holly Mount of Sofia
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Artesani, Alessia, Francesca Di Turo, Margherita Zucchelli, and Arianna Traviglia. "Recent Advances in Protective Coatings for Cultural Heritage–An Overview." Coatings 10, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030217.
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In the last decades, the interest in the development of protective coatings for movable and immovable Cultural Heritage (CH) assets has decidedly increased. This has been mainly prompted by the raising consciousness on preservation requirements for cultural artefacts and monuments, which has consequently determined the development of new protective products. From acrylic resins used at the end of the last century to the up-to-date biomaterials and nanoparticles employed nowadays, the research has made a giant step forward. This article reviews the progresses, the technical challenges, and the most recent advances in protective coatings for archaeological metal, glass, and stone artefacts. It aims at offering a comprehensive and critical overview of the progressions in conservation science and displaying how research has optimized polymers in order to solve deterioration problems. Attention is given to recently developed materials, hybrid coatings, and corrosion inhibitors. This work seeks to provide a reference point for future research and to offer a wide-ranging introduction on the newly available material technologies to restorers and conservators.
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Bartoš, Karol, Katarína Pukanská, and Janka Sabová. "The Application Of Open-Source And Free Photogrammetric Software For The Purposes Of Cultural Heritage Documentation." GeoScience Engineering 60, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0009.
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Abstract The documentation of cultural heritage is an essential part of appropriate care of historical monuments, representing a part of our history. At present, it represents the current issue, for which considerable funds are being spent, as well as for the documentation of immovable historical monuments in a form of castle ruins, among the others. Non-contact surveying technologies - terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry belong to the most commonly used technologies, by which suitable documentation can be obtained, however their use may be very costly. In recent years, various types of software products and web services based on the SfM (or MVS) method and developed as open-source software, or as a freely available and free service, relying on the basic principles of photogrammetry and computer vision, have started to get into the spotlight. By using the services and software, acquired digital images of a given object can be processed into a point cloud, serving directly as a final output or as a basis for further processing. The aim of this paper, based on images of various objects of the Slanec castle ruins obtained by the DSLR Pentax K5, is to assess the suitability of different types of open-source and free software and free web services and their reliability in terms of surface reconstruction and photo-texture quality for the purposes of castle ruins documentation.
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Włodarczyk, Małgorzata. "ROLA „KARTY EWIDENCJI OBIEKTU NIERUCHOMEGO” W SYSTEMIE OCHRONY KONSERWATORSKIEJ DZIEDZICTWA ARCHITEKTONICZNEGO 2 POŁOWY XX WIEKU." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 1 (May 30, 2016): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2016_01_14.
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„Record cards of immovable properties” may be used for holding information about specific assets. This tool is of utmost importance for protecting and preserving architectural heritage assets built after the second World War in the second half of the 20th century. It allows for recognising a property in advance, defining the scope of protection (whether the entire property should be protected or only its particular elements), and specifying types of works which can be carried out to the property in question. This tool turns out to be particularly important in the event of changing ownership, carrying out renovation works or any other works pertaining to redevelopment, development, adaptation, etc. Additionally, it may be used for developing historic preservation guidelines for architectural designs and the areas they affect and, at the same time, preserving their initial form. Moreover, the tool in question allows historic preservation services to carry out such works to historic monuments and sites that will not only respect their cultural values but also „give them a new lease of life.” Furthermore, it may be used not only in scientific or academic works but also in works aimed at general public. In the current body of law, there are two types of „record cards of immovable properties.” The first one contains information on assets listed in the national register of historic monuments and sites. The second one provides data on assets not listed in this register - in this case, specific merit-related and graphical information is required. Its broader use by historic preservation service may result in increased effectiveness in preserving architectural heritage of the second half of the 20th century.
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Shelegina, O. N., and S. K. Zhetpysbaev. "State Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Exploring its Historical and Cultural Heritage." History 17, no. 8 (2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-8-30-37.
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The article addresses the main aspects of Kazakhstan’s state policy relating to historical and cultural heritage, namely, with respect to a gradual socially significant transition from heritage actualization to exploration, which represents a new trend in research. At present, the country’s historical and cultural heritage includes over 25,000 immovable historical, archeological, and architectural monuments, as well as monumental art sites. Based on the analysis of the representative historiographical resources and the state periodical press materials, a quantity and quality assessment was carried out regarding the outcomes of independent Kazakhstan’s policy on exploring its heritage at both domestic and international level. The “Cultural Heritage” project launched in 2004 is a unique national strategic project that portrays the state approach to culture and the exploration of cultural heritage. State program “The Sacral Geography of Kazakhstan” also plays an important sociocultural role. In the south Kazakhstan region alone historical and cultural objects have all been registered, including a unique cultural and historical megalopolis – the city of Almaty with a huge tsar necropolis. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A. Nazarbaev describes this policy as one of the cornerstones of national identity preservation. The mission of the Republic of Kazakhstan alongside the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, collaboration with foreign countries, and a contribution to the development of an ambitious international project “The Great Silk Road” also play an important role in preserving and actualizing its cultural heritage. The state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan of exploring its historical and cultural heritage should be recognized as rewarding and effective in terms of the preservation and actualization of cultural heritage, national consolidation, and Kazakhstan’s integration into the global cultural space.
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Kairišs, Andris, and Irina Oļevska. "Damage to Archaeological Sites: Assessment Criteria and Situation in Latvia." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 45–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2020-0005.
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AbstractThe aim of the article is to reflect the necessity of introducing objective criteria in articulating monetary value of the damage caused to archaeological sites (immovable cultural monuments) as a result of illegal activities. The research focuses on the damage assessment criteria and resulting diminishment of economic value that are used in several countries, as well as examines the key interests and stakeholders in damage assessment process and outcome. It further describes the corresponding situation in Latvia, determines the existing challenges and proposes the basis for improvement in administrative and legal procedures. Methods applied in the research are literature review, legal framework and documentary analysis, statistical analysis and elements of qualitative content analysis. International intercomparisons have been made consulting with foreign experts. The assay is mostly done from legal and socioeconomic point of view. The results of the research could be used for the purposes of amending legal regulation and damage assessment mechanisms.
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Triulzi, Alessandro. "Adwa: from monument to document." Modern Italy 8, no. 1 (May 2003): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353294032000074106.
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SummaryTo the Italian historian the Battle of Adwa in March 1896 has offered a field of interpretation which has been heavily marked by the events that occurred between (and within) the two countries—Ethiopia and Italy—before and after the battle. Adwa has been variously depicted by Italian historiography of the liberal period as a major military defeat, a political mistake by Crispi's expansionist government and the result of deep contrasts within the newly born state over the ‘colonial burden'. Fascist historiography painted Adwa as proof of liberal decay and political inefficiency. Adwa's name could be avenged only in the battlefield, which was done during Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935-36. From the Ethiopian point of view, Adwa's image changes no less. Until recently, the Battle of Adwa was painted as the landmark for Ethiopian unification and independence during the colonial era. Menelik's momentous victory at Adwa crowned his bid for power in the national arena, while his successful ability to stave off external colonial pressure appeared to cancel, or rather conceal, the internal policy of expansion and consolidation of his country's rule in the region. Today's insistence on Adwa as an African victory appears to be the dominant historiographical representation. The different interpretations all contain elements of truth, yet all, if frozen into historiographical truths, become embarrassing to the historian who needs documents, rather than monuments, as tools of analysis. To many historians both in Italy and Ethiopia, Adwa's respective symbolism of victory/defeat has been transformed into an icon, an historiographical monument, unassailable and immovable. The centenary of Adwa allows us to reconsider historical events of a shared past as critical documents and biased representations reflecting their own culture and time. This article attempts to deconstruct the historiographical monument of Adwa in Italian society so as to transmit such a heavily coded event to the critical examination of future historians in both Italy and Ethiopia.
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Samashev, Samat K. "Issues of Studying the Function of Signs Resembling Tamgas of the Kazakh Medieval Nomads." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 34 (December 15, 2020): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2020.4.34.66.80.
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The article considers the functional purpose of signs resembling tamgas of the Kazakh medieval nomads. Today, scientists from Kazakhstan and foreign scientists are studying the system of tamga formation by people inhabiting Kazakh steppes since the ancient times. Year by year scientists reveal new movable and immovable monuments with images of tamgas belonging to the different periods of history. Among them the most distinguishing ones are the tamgas of the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages complex ethno-political and socio-cultural processes took place there – Western Turkic, Turgesh, Karluk, Oguz and Kimak khanates as well as state formations of the naimans, karakhans, kereits, zhalayyrs and kipshaks were founded and disintegrated. It is known that the nomadic ethnic groups of the Middle Ages had independent tamgas, both tribal and derived from them, as well as family and personal, which showed their status in society, the right to property, etc. Tamgas were used to mark weapon, coins and items of household and clothing. Almost all objects were marked with tamgas, tamga practically was used a tool of management, i.e. it was a sign of statehood, ancestral affiliation, private property, and was also used as a memorial text, a talisman and, perhaps, "to give an individual a special status". Tamgas are said to be an ancient prototype of modern legal acts regulating public relations.
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Prisadkov, V. I., S. V. Muslakova, D. V. Ushakov, A. A. Abashkin, and K. V. Prisadkov. "The fire safety of two-storey church buildings." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2021.30.03.65-75.
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Introduction. Two-storey church buildings, that date back to the past centuries, are usually regarded as monuments of history and architecture. Their facades cannot be changed when buildings are adapted for modern use. The ground floor of a church building is used as a warm winter church, and the first floor is an unheated summer church. The evacuation of church members from the ground floor in case of fire is organized in accordance with fire safety regulations. If the area of the upper church floor is 80…200 m2 or more, the number of people may exceed 100 people there. As a rule, the upper church has one evacuation exit, which is contrary to the fire safety regulations, that prescribe the availability of several exits from the upper church floor when the number of people there exceeds fifty. The purpose of the article is to propose fire safety amendments in respect of cultural heritage monuments, so that the acceptable number of people inside a church building, that has one exit, can exceed fifty.Theoretical foundations of amendments to fire safety regulations. Methods of flexible fire safety control, applied today, allow for the regulatory harmonization of the requirements applicable to the adaptation of immovable cultural heritage for modern use. The level of individual risk is the fire safety criterion for a two-storey church building.Substantiation of effectiveness of the fire safety system. A system of measures is proposed to ensure the fire safety of two-storey church buildings. The proposals will allow to increase the number of people on the first floor, so that it can exceed fifty. The case of a functional church is analyzed, which demonstrates methods of increasing the number of people inside it to one hundred. The results of modeling the process of evacuation from the upper church floor are presented.Conclusions. An individual risk, arising in a church building that has one exit, is analyzed, and the implementation of the fire safety criterion is substantiated. Draft amendments to the fire safety regulations have been proposed, so that the number of people inside a church building, that has one exit, can exceed fifty.
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"Kharkiv volume of a multi-volume encyclopedic edition«Collection of monuments of history and culture of Ukraine». History and current state (last quarter XX – beginning of the XXI century)." V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin "History of Ukraine. Ukrainian Studies: Historical and Philosophical Sciences", no. 31 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-6505-2020-31-13.
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Research aim is a comprehensive analysis of the state of preparation of the Kharkiv volume of the multi-volume encyclopedic edition "Collection of monuments of history and culture of Ukraine" from the 1980s – early XXI century and its impact on the field of monument science and monument protection. Research methodology. The article examines the formation of the Kharkiv volume of the multi-volume encyclopedic edition "Collection of Monuments of History and Culture of Ukraine" in the context of a nationwide encyclopedic project in terms of the principles of historicism, system, interdisciplinarity, objectivity, analysis and synthesis. Scientific novelty. In the modern normative system of cultural heritage protection, historical and interdisciplinary research, an important part of measures to protect and promote national cultural heritage in Ukraine and the world and a separate subject of study is "Collection of monuments of history and culture of Ukraine" - fundamental, multidisciplinary, encyclopedic, scientific reference publication, which covers all known in its territory immovable monuments - archeology, history, architecture, urban planning, monumental art, science and technology, which have historical, scientific or artistic value. Conclusions. Having analyzed the main normative principles, legal acts, orders and directives, due to which the functioning of the Code was started, both in Ukraine in information on monuments, changes in administrative-territorial structure and socio-political moments, as well as current experience and the state of preparation of the Kharkiv volume of the publication, we can conclude that the project "Collection of monuments of history and culture of Ukraine" is not only a publication that carries a normative and encyclopedic load. The Code is a scientific basis for compiling the State Register of Immovable Objects of Historical and Cultural Heritage, but it differs in that it contains the most studied number of immovable objects of cultural heritage, not only those that are under state protection. This nationwide project is able to improve the historical and local lore movement, intensify the excursion and tourism component of the region, as well as become the basis for the creation of new modern information resources in the field of protection and research of monuments.
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Touil, Amel, and Meriem Chabou. "Visibility as a Requirement for Protection of the Surroundings of Immovable Cultural Property: Paradigm, Incomprehension and Questions." Apuntes. Revista de estudios sobre patrimonio cultural 33 (April 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.apu33.vrps.
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The legal protection of historic monuments, under the framework of Algerian legislation, automatically implies the protection of the surroundings of the latter, defined in relation to a visibility relationship, determined at a distance of at least 200 m. Strongly influenced by the French colonial legislative heritage, does this approach really beocme valid and justified? Especially for listed buildings included in the medinas? What dimension should visibility have and how should it be addressed to ensure the effective enhancement of cultural heritage?
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Tian, Shipeng, Shaojun Liu, Feng Gao, Min Fan, and Jianguang Ren. "Preparation and Assessment of Superhydrophobic Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coatings for Conservation of Yungang Grottoes." MRS Proceedings 1319 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2011.736.
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ABSTRACTYungang Grottoes in Shanxi, China, which represent outstanding example of Chinese outdoor immovable stone artifacts, are precious world cultural heritage. In the present study, the preparation and assessment of superhydrophobic hybrid coatings with photocatalytic activity on the sandstone substrate collected from Yungang were explored preliminarily. The protection efficiency of coating is investigated by measuring the water-stone contact angles, water vapor permeability, water absorption, and resistance to acid and salt corrosion. Results show that the superhydrophobic organic-inorganic hybrid coatings with photocatalytic and self-cleaning properties are highly suitable for the conservation of stone monuments.
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Admink, Admink. "КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ НЕРУХОМИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ ЯК ТУРИСТИЧНОГО РЕСУРСУ." УКРАЇНСЬКА КУЛЬТУРА : МИНУЛЕ, СУЧАСНЕ, ШЛЯХИ РОЗВИТКУ (НАПРЯМ: КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЯ), no. 31 (March 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.35619/ucpmk.vi31.216.
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Наведено огляд різних підходів до класифікації нерухомих історико-культурних туристичних ресурсів. Розглянуто основні класифікації вчених-туризмознавців, що трапляються в науковій літературі. Виявлено, що підхід до класифікації нерухомих об’єктів культурної спадщини з точки зору їхньої цінності для вітчизняних та іноземних туристів недостатньо висвітлений у наукових працях. Представлено власну класифікацію нерухомих історико-культурних туристичних об’єктів за ціннісним підходом.
Ключові слова: культурна спадщина, туризм, класифікація туристичних ресурсів, пам’ятка, історико-культурний об’єкт.
Various approaches of the classification of immovable historical and cultural tourist resources have been considered. The main classifications of tourist resource in scientists literature have been reviewed. It appears that classification of cultural heritage by its tourist value is not considered in scientific literature widely. The own classification of cultural sites by their tourist value have been presented.
Key words: cultural heritage, tourism, classification of tourist resources, monument, cultural site.