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Journal articles on the topic 'Immunity acquisition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Grongnet, J. F., and Ch Duvaux-Ponter. "Acquisition of passive immunity in domestic ungulates." Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 7, Suppl. 1 (1998): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/jafs/69958/1998.

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2

Moreno de Lara, Laura, Ragav S. Parthasarathy, and Marta Rodriguez-Garcia. "Mucosal immunity and HIV acquisition in women." Current Opinion in Physiology 19 (February 2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.021.

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3

Martins, Mauricio A., Georg F. Bischof, Young C. Shin, et al. "Vaccine protection against SIVmac239 acquisition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 5 (2019): 1739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814584116.

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The biological characteristics of HIV pose serious difficulties for the success of a preventive vaccine. Molecularly cloned SIVmac239 is difficult for antibodies to neutralize, and a variety of vaccine approaches have had great difficulty achieving protective immunity against it in rhesus monkey models. Here we report significant protection against i.v. acquisition of SIVmac239 using a long-lasting approach to vaccination. The vaccine regimen includes a replication-competent herpesvirus engineered to contain a near-full-length SIV genome that expresses all nine SIV gene products, assembles non
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4

Griffin, Jamie T., T. Déirdre Hollingsworth, Hugh Reyburn, Chris J. Drakeley, Eleanor M. Riley, and Azra C. Ghani. "Gradual acquisition of immunity to severe malaria with increasing exposure." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1801 (2015): 20142657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2657.

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Previous analyses have suggested that immunity to non-cerebral severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum is acquired after only a few infections, whereas longitudinal studies show that some children experience multiple episodes of severe disease, suggesting that immunity may not be acquired so quickly. We fitted a mathematical model for the acquisition and loss of immunity to severe disease to the age distribution of severe malaria cases stratified by symptoms from a range of transmission settings in Tanzania, combined with data from several African countries on the age distribution and over
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5

Bradde, Serena, Thierry Mora, and Aleksandra M. Walczak. "Cost and benefits of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats spacer acquisition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1772 (2019): 20180095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0095.

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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas-mediated immunity in bacteria allows bacterial populations to protect themselves against pathogens. However, it also exposes them to the dangers of auto-immunity by developing protection that targets its own genome. Using a simple model of the coupled dynamics of phage and bacterial populations, we explore how acquisition rates affect the probability of the bacterial colony going extinct. We find that the optimal strategy depends on the initial population sizes of both viruses and bacteria. Additionally, certain combination
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Long, Ton That Ai, Shusuke Nakazawa, Maria Cecilia Huaman, and Hiroji Kanbara. "Influence of Antimalarial Treatment on Acquisition of Immunity in Plasmodium berghei NK65 Malaria." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 9, no. 4 (2002): 933–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.9.4.933-934.2002.

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ABSTRACT Antimalarial treatments during primary Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection in BALB/c mice influenced the acquisition of protective immunity against reinfection. Among subcurative treatments, lower doses better enable mice to acquire protective immunity than do higher doses. Eradication of parasites from the start of infection did not promote protective immunity.
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7

RYG-CORNEJO, VICTORIA, ANN LY, and DIANA S. HANSEN. "Immunological processes underlying the slow acquisition of humoral immunity to malaria." Parasitology 143, no. 2 (2016): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015001705.

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SUMMARYMalaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases with ~250 million clinical cases annually. Most cases of severe disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The blood stage of Plasmodium parasite is entirely responsible for malaria-associated pathology. Disease syndromes range from fever to more severe complications, including respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, pulmonary oedema and cerebral malaria. The most susceptible population to severe malaria is children under the age of 5, with low levels of immunity. It is only after many years of repeated exposure,
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8

Nuñez, James K., Amy S. Y. Lee, Alan Engelman, and Jennifer A. Doudna. "Integrase-mediated spacer acquisition during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity." Nature 519, no. 7542 (2015): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14237.

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9

Cassat, James E., and Eric P. Skaar. "Metal ion acquisition in Staphylococcus aureus: overcoming nutritional immunity." Seminars in Immunopathology 34, no. 2 (2011): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-011-0294-4.

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10

Liu, Guanchen, Peng Zhao, Yang Qin, Mingmin Zhao, Zhichao Yang, and Henglin Chen. "Electromagnetic Immunity Performance of Intelligent Electronic Equipment in Smart Substation’s Electromagnetic Environment." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051130.

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With the gradual increasing of the transmission voltage level, the situation of interference on secondary side equipment in smart substations is becoming more serious. The authors tested the interference waveforms caused by the circuit breaker’s operation at the smart substation, which showed the severity of the electromagnetic (EM) environment. This paper takes the electronic current transformer acquisition card as an example. The influence of EM interference sources on the reliability of the acquisition card is analyzed. Then, standardized electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) immunity tests o
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11

Lecoeur, Hervé, Pierre A. Buffet, Geneviève Milon, and Thierry Lang. "Early Curative Applications of the Aminoglycoside WR279396 on an Experimental Leishmania major-Loaded Cutaneous Site Do Not Impair the Acquisition of Immunity." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 3 (2009): 984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01310-09.

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ABSTRACT Topical therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of L eishmania major cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). WR279396, an expanded-spectrum aminoglycoside ointment, is now in phase 3 trials. Because the application of a cream is easier than the injection of pentavalent antimony, many patients with CL will likely be treated with WR279396 soon after the onset of a lesion. However, this new therapeutic approach may impair the acquisition of immunity. We evaluated the impact of early topical therapy on acquired immunity in an optimized mouse model of L. major-induced CL. The efficacy of
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12

Laishram, Indira S. "Herd Immunity and COVID-19." Spectrum: Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0005.

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Herd immunity provided by vaccines holds immense power to stop the spread of a pandemic, and to possibly eradicate it. The world continues to lose precious lives to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. An end to the pandemic can be brought about by acquisition of herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 through mass immunization campaigns. This article discusses the concept of herd immunity and its potential contribution to ending the COVID-19 pandemic.
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13

Bland, I. M., J. A. Rooke, V. C. Bland, A. G. Sinclair, and S. A. Edwards. "The acquisition of IgG from colostrum by piglets." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003446.

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An adequate intake of colostrum by the newborn piglet allows the piglet to acquire passive immunity and develop active immunity. Many studies have looked at the uptake of IgG by piglets in artificial situations rather than by natural suckling. Therefore we investigated the uptake of IgG by piglets whilst suckling naturally and estimated the time of gut closure.A total of 8 multiparous sows (Newsham - Large White x Landrace) were induced to farrow on day 114 of gestation. Colostrum/milk was sampled, using oxytocin where necessary, at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24h and 2, 5 and 7 days after farrowing.
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14

Guyatt, H. L., R. W. Snow, and D. B. Evans. "Malaria epidemiology and economics: the effect of delayed immune acquisition on the cost–effectiveness of insecticide–treated bednets." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1384 (1999): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0434.

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An understanding of the epidemiology of a disease is central in evaluating the health impact and cost–effectiveness of control interventions. The epidemiology of life–threatening malaria is receiving renewed interest, with concerns that the implementation of preventive measures such as insecticide–treated bednets (ITNs) while protecting young children might in fact increase the risks of mortality and morbidity in older ages by delaying the acquisition of functional immunity. This paper aims to illustrate how a combined approach of epidemiology and economics can be used to (i) explore the long–
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15

Rooke, J. A., and I. M. Bland. "The acquisition of passive immunity in the new-born piglet." Livestock Production Science 78, no. 1 (2002): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00182-3.

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16

Maestre, Amanda, and Jaime Carmona-Fonseca. "Immune responses during gestational malaria: a review of the current knowledge and future trend of research." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 04 (2014): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3777.

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Women pregnant with their first child are susceptible to severe P. falciparum disease from placental malaria because they lack immunity to placenta-specific cytoadherence proteins. In subsequent pregnancies, as immunity against placental parasites is acquired, there is a reduced risk of adverse effects of malaria on the mother and fetus and asymptomatic parasitaemia is common. In the case of vivax malaria, with increasing reports of severe cases in Asia and South America, the effects of infection by this species during pregnancy remain to be elucidated. This review summarized the main aspects
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17

Nussenzweig, Philip M., and Luciano A. Marraffini. "Molecular Mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas Immunity in Bacteria." Annual Review of Genetics 54, no. 1 (2020): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-022120-112523.

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Prokaryotes have developed numerous defense strategies to combat the constant threat posed by the diverse genetic parasites that endanger them. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas loci guard their hosts with an adaptive immune system against foreign nucleic acids. Protection starts with an immunization phase, in which short pieces of the invader's genome, known as spacers, are captured and integrated into the CRISPR locus after infection. Next, during the targeting phase, spacers are transcribed into CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that guide CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucl
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18

Addy, John W. G., Yaw Bediako, Francis M. Ndungu, et al. "10-year longitudinal study of malaria in children: Insights into acquisition and maintenance of naturally acquired immunity." Wellcome Open Research 6 (April 9, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16562.1.

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Background: Studies of long-term malaria cohorts have provided essential insights into how Plasmodium falciparum interacts with humans, and influences the development of antimalarial immunity. Immunity to malaria is acquired gradually after multiple infections, some of which present with clinical symptoms. However, there is considerable variation in the number of clinical episodes experienced by children of the same age within the same cohort. Understanding this variation in clinical symptoms and how it relates to the development of naturally acquired immunity is crucial in identifying how and
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19

Addy, John W. G., Yaw Bediako, Francis M. Ndungu, et al. "10-year longitudinal study of malaria in children: Insights into acquisition and maintenance of naturally acquired immunity." Wellcome Open Research 6 (December 3, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16562.2.

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Background: Studies of long-term malaria cohorts have provided essential insights into how Plasmodium falciparum interacts with humans, and influences the development of antimalarial immunity. Immunity to malaria is acquired gradually after multiple infections, some of which present with clinical symptoms. However, there is considerable variation in the number of clinical episodes experienced by children of the same age within the same cohort. Understanding this variation in clinical symptoms and how it relates to the development of naturally acquired immunity is crucial in identifying how and
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20

Addy, John W. G., Yaw Bediako, Francis M. Ndungu, et al. "10-year longitudinal study of malaria in children: Insights into acquisition and maintenance of naturally acquired immunity." Wellcome Open Research 6 (February 4, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16562.3.

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Background: Studies of long-term malaria cohorts have provided essential insights into how Plasmodium falciparum interacts with humans, and influences the development of antimalarial immunity. Immunity to malaria is acquired gradually after multiple infections, some of which present with clinical symptoms. However, there is considerable variation in the number of clinical episodes experienced by children of the same age within the same cohort. Understanding this variation in clinical symptoms and how it relates to the development of naturally acquired immunity is crucial in identifying how and
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21

Artamonova, Daria, Karyna Karneyeva, Sofia Medvedeva, et al. "Spacer acquisition by Type III CRISPR–Cas system during bacteriophage infection of Thermus thermophilus." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 17 (2020): 9787–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa685.

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Abstract Type III CRISPR–Cas systems provide immunity to foreign DNA by targeting its transcripts. Target recognition activates RNases and DNases that may either destroy foreign DNA directly or elicit collateral damage inducing death of infected cells. While some Type III systems encode a reverse transcriptase to acquire spacers from foreign transcripts, most contain conventional spacer acquisition machinery found in DNA-targeting systems. We studied Type III spacer acquisition in phage-infected Thermus thermophilus, a bacterium that lacks either a standalone reverse transcriptase or its fusio
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22

Śmiałek, M., B. Tykałowski, D. Pestka, J. Welenc, T. Stenzel, and A. Koncicki. "Three-step Anti-aMPV IgA Expression Profile Evaluation in Turkeys of Different Immunological Status after TRT Vaccination." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 3 (2016): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0064.

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Abstract Maternally derived antibodies (MDA) don not protect turkeys against rhinotracheitis (TRT) but high MDA influences upper respiratory tract (URT) immunity stimulation after avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) vaccination. Humoral immunity can not be considered as an indicator of protection against TRT, but specific antibodies inhibit aMPV replication and alleviate the course of TRT. Scarce reports indicate the role of IgA in protection against TRT. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of MDA on stimulation, antigen specificity acquisition of B lymphocytes, and the production of s
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23

Khanna, B., N. Banatvala, N. R. Israel, and B. D. Gold. "HELICOBACTER PYLORI ACQUISITION IN INFANCY FOLLOWING DECLINE OF MATERNAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 21, no. 3 (1995): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199510000-00084.

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24

Morrison, Charles S., Pai-Lien Chen, Hidemi Yamamoto, et al. "Concomitant Imbalances of Systemic and Mucosal Immunity Increase HIV Acquisition Risk." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 84, no. 1 (2020): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000002299.

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25

Moretti, Débora Botéquio, Wiolene Montanari Nordi, Anali Linhares Lima, Patrícia Pauletti, Ivanete Susin, and Raul Machado-Neto. "Goat kids' intestinal absorptive mucosa in period of passive immunity acquisition." Livestock Science 144, no. 1-2 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.10.007.

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26

Rechav, Y., F. C. Clarke, and J. Dauth. "Acquisition of immunity in cattle against the blue tick,Boophilus decoloratus." Experimental & Applied Acarology 11, no. 1 (1991): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01193728.

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27

Khanna, B., N. Banatvala, N. R. Israel, and B. D. Gold. "HELICOBACTER PYLORI ACQUISITION IN INFANCY FOLLOWING DECLINE OF MATERNAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 21, no. 3 (1995): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1995.tb11867.x.

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28

COEN, P. G., A. G. LUCKINS, H. C. DAVISON, and M. E. J. WOOLHOUSE. "Trypanosoma evansi in Indonesian buffaloes: evaluation of simple models of natural immunity to infection." Epidemiology and Infection 126, no. 1 (2001): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801004964.

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Deterministic models were employed to investigate the biology of Trypanosoma evansi infection in the Indonesian buffalo. Models were fitted to two age-structured data sets of infection. The Susceptible–Infected–Susceptible (SIS) model was the best supported description of this infection, although the results of the analysis depended on the serological test used: the Tr7 Ag-ELISA was judged the most reliable indicator of infection. Estimated forces of infection increase with age from 1·2 to 2·0 acquisitions per buffalo per year. The buffaloes would clear infection in an estimated mean time peri
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29

Chatterjee, Basab, B. N. Biswas, and Sudhbindu Ray. "A novel DSP-based PFC-DPLL with fuzzy controlled acquisition aid to improve acquisition performance and noise immunity." International Journal of Communication Systems 28, no. 15 (2014): 2051–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.2850.

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30

Brechting, Peter J., and Chad A. Rappleye. "Histoplasma Responses to Nutritional Immunity Imposed by Macrophage Activation." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 2 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5020045.

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The fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum resides within the phagosome of host phagocytic cells. Within this intracellular compartment, Histoplasma yeast replication requires the acquisition of several essential nutrients, including metal ions. Recent work has shown that while iron, zinc, and copper are sufficiently abundant in resting macrophages, cytokine activation of these host cells causes restriction of these metals from intracellular yeasts as a form of nutritional immunity. Faced with limited iron availability in the phagosome following macrophage activation by IFN-γ, Histoplasma yeas
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31

Greer, A. W., M. Stankiewicz, N. P. Jay, R. W. McAnulty, and A. R. Sykes. "The effect of concurrent corticosteroid induced immuno-suppression and infection with the intestinal parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis on food intake and utilization in both immunologically naïve and competent sheep." Animal Science 80, no. 1 (2005): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc41100089.

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AbstractThe nutritional cost of both the acquisition and maintenance of immunity to gastro-intestinal nematodes was investigated using immunologically naïve 5-month-old lambs and immunologically competent 17-month-old ewes. Within each age cohort, animals were either infected with the equivalent of 80 L3Trichostrongylus colubriformislarvae per kg live weight (LW) per day (IF), similarly infected and concurrently immuno-suppressed with weekly injections of 1·3 mg/kg LW of the glucocorticoid methylprednisolone acetate (ISIF), immuno-suppressed only (IS) or remained as controls (C). Body composit
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32

Fogg, Paul C. M., Heather E. Allison, Jon R. Saunders, and Alan J. McCarthy. "Bacteriophage Lambda: a Paradigm Revisited." Journal of Virology 84, no. 13 (2010): 6876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02177-09.

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ABSTRACT Bacteriophage lambda has an archetypal immunity system, which prevents the superinfection of its Escherichia coli lysogens. It is now known that superinfection can occur with toxigenic lambda-like phages at a high frequency, and here we demonstrate that the superinfection of a lambda lysogen can lead to the acquisition of additional lambda genomes, which was confirmed by Southern hybridization and quantitative PCR. As many as eight integration events were observed but at a very low frequency (6.4 × 10−4) and always as multiple insertions at the established primary integration site in
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Berzofsky, Jay A., Brandon F. Keele, Christopher J. Miller, and Yongjun Sui. "Vaccine-induced protection against intrarectal AIDS virus transmission in the absence of anti-Env antibodies mediated by trained innate immunity." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 167.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.167.12.

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Abstract Although anti-Envelope antibodies have been viewed as the primary means of protection against SIV or SHIV acquisition, we have found in two distinct vaccine studies that protection against intrarectal SHIV or SIV acquisition in repeated low-dose challenge can be achieved in the absence of anti-Env antibodies (Vaccine efficacy = 44% in one study and 81% in the other). Specific CD8+ T cells were induced but did not correlate with protection, and in one of the studies, CD8+ depletion experiments excluded any CD8-dependence of the protection. Rather, protection correlated with protective
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Pauletti, Patricia, Raul Machado Neto, Irineu Umberto Packer, Raul Dantas D'Arce, and Rosana Bessi. "Quality of colostral passive immunity and pattern of serum protein fluctuation in newborn calves." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 3 (2003): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000300006.

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Immunity acquired by newborn animals is known as passive immunity, and for ruminants, antibody acquisition depends on the ingestion and absorption of adequate amounts of immunoglobulins from colostrum. This study relates different initial levels of acquired passive protection and serum total protein (TP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Serum immunoglobulin concentration and total protein were evaluated for female Holstein calves in the first sixty days of life. Animals were separated into three groups according to their initial level of passive immunity: group 1- animals with a low level of passiv
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35

Obeagu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi, Isaac Isiko, and Getrude Uzoma Obeagu. "Immunological factors influencing HIV acquisition in infants: A narrative review." Medicine 104, no. 25 (2025): e43039. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000043039.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition in infants is a critical public health concern, particularly in regions with high maternal HIV prevalence. The susceptibility of infants to HIV is influenced by a complex interplay of immunological factors, including maternal antibodies, innate immune responses, and the development of adaptive immunity. This review aims to elucidate the various immunological components that contribute to the risk of HIV transmission in infants and highlights the importance of understanding these factors for developing effective prevention strategies. Maternal anti
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36

Dimitriu, Tatiana, Elena Kurilovich, Urszula Łapińska, et al. "Bacteriostatic antibiotics promote CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity by enabling increased spacer acquisition." Cell Host & Microbe 30, no. 1 (2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.11.014.

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37

Nuñez, James K., Philip J. Kranzusch, Jonas Noeske, Addison V. Wright, Christopher W. Davies, and Jennifer A. Doudna. "Cas1–Cas2 complex formation mediates spacer acquisition during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 21, no. 6 (2014): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2820.

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38

Troncoso, G., S. Sánchez, M. T. Criado, and C. M. Ferreirós. "Analysis ofNeisseria lactamicaantigens putatively implicated in acquisition of natural immunity toNeisseria meningitidis." FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 34, no. 1 (2002): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695x.2002.tb00597.x.

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39

Mathis, G. F. "Toxicity and Acquisition of Immunity to Coccidia in Turkeys Medicated with Anticoccidials." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2, no. 3 (1993): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/2.3.239.

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40

Pleška, Maroš, Moritz Lang, Dominik Refardt, Bruce R. Levin, and Călin C. Guet. "Phage–host population dynamics promotes prophage acquisition in bacteria with innate immunity." Nature Ecology & Evolution 2, no. 2 (2018): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0424-z.

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41

Dagan, R., D. Fraser, and R. Handsher. "Acquisition of immunity in mothers of infants administered trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 13, no. 12 (1994): 1029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02111822.

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42

Shah, Zalak, Myo T. Naung, Kara A. Moser, et al. "Whole-genome analysis of Malawian Plasmodium falciparum isolates identifies possible targets of allele-specific immunity to clinical malaria." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 5 (2021): e1009576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009576.

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Individuals acquire immunity to clinical malaria after repeated Plasmodium falciparum infections. Immunity to disease is thought to reflect the acquisition of a repertoire of responses to multiple alleles in diverse parasite antigens. In previous studies, we identified polymorphic sites within individual antigens that are associated with parasite immune evasion by examining antigen allele dynamics in individuals followed longitudinally. Here we expand this approach by analyzing genome-wide polymorphisms using whole genome sequence data from 140 parasite isolates representing malaria cases from
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43

Athanasiadou, S., I. Kyriazakis, F. Jackson, and R. L. Coop. "Consequences of adding condensed tannins to low and high protein foods for parasitised sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003951.

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The consumption of condensed tannins has been associated with reduced faecal egg counts (FEC) and total worm burdens (TWB) in parasitised sheep. This can result from either a direct anthelmintic effect (Athanasiadou et al., 2000) and/or an indirect nutritional effect. Condensed tannins can protect dietary protein from rumen degradation and increase protein availability in the small intestine of the host; this could improve the expression of immunity towards parasites (Coop and Kyriazakis, 1999). The objective of the present study was to investigate the consequences of including a condensed tan
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Cooper, Lauren A., Anne M. Stringer, and Joseph T. Wade. "Determining the Specificity of Cascade Binding, Interference, and Primed Adaptation In Vivo in the Escherichia coli Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System." mBio 9, no. 2 (2018): e02100-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02100-17.

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ABSTRACT In clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) immunity systems, short CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) are bound by Cas proteins, and these complexes target invading nucleic acid molecules for degradation in a process known as interference. In type I CRISPR-Cas systems, the Cas protein complex that binds DNA is known as Cascade. Association of Cascade with target DNA can also lead to acquisition of new immunity elements in a process known as primed adaptation. Here, we assess the specificity determinants for Cascade-DNA interaction, interference, and
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45

Marandu, Thomas F., and Mkunde S. Chachage. "Prevalent Chronic Infections Modulate T-Cell Phenotypes and Functions Enhancing HIV Susceptibility, Dissemination, and Persistence in African Population." Tanzania Journal of Science 50, no. 2 (2024): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v50i2.20.

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While many studies have associated HIV prevalence with socio-economic status, few have explored the host's immunity status prior to HIV infection. High HIV prevalence in Africa may in part be contributed by a high prevalence of other persistent infections that modulate the host immunity towards phenotypes that promote HIV acquisition. In this narrative review, we examined how four most prevalent pathogens in Africa (human papillomavirus, herpesviruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and helminth infections) modulate immunity to favor their survival and in turn, also influence HIV acquisition. We
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46

Kurilovich, Elena, Anna Shiriaeva, Anastasia Metlitskaya, et al. "Genome Maintenance Proteins Modulate Autoimmunity Mediated Primed Adaptation by the Escherichia coli Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System." Genes 10, no. 11 (2019): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110872.

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Bacteria and archaea use CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity systems to interfere with viruses, plasmids, and other mobile genetic elements. During the process of adaptation, CRISPR-Cas systems acquire immunity by incorporating short fragments of invaders’ genomes into CRISPR arrays. The acquisition of fragments of host genomes leads to autoimmunity and may drive chromosomal rearrangements, negative cell selection, and influence bacterial evolution. In this study, we investigated the role of proteins involved in genome stability maintenance in spacer acquisition by the Escherichia coli type I-E CRISP
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Ofori, Michael F., Daniel Dodoo, Trine Staalsoe, et al. "Malaria-Induced Acquisition of Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Variant Surface Antigens." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 6 (2002): 2982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.6.2982-2988.2002.

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ABSTRACT In areas of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission, protective immunity is acquired during childhood in parallel with acquisition of agglutinating antibodies to parasite-encoded variant surface antigens (VSA) expressed on parasitized red blood cells. In a semi-immune child in such an area, clinical disease is caused mainly by parasites expressing VSA not recognized by preexisting VSA-specific antibodies in that child. Such malaria episodes are known to cause an increase in agglutinating antibodies specifically recognizing VSA expressed by the parasite isolate causing the illness,
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Betta, G., D. Capriglione, C. Landi, and N. Pasquino. "Uncertainty and reproducibility in measuring the data acquisition system immunity to conducted disturbances." Measurement Science and Technology 20, no. 5 (2009): 055105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/20/5/055105.

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Chapman, H. D., P. L. Matsler, V. K. Muthavarapu, and M. E. Chapman. "Acquisition of Immunity to Eimeria maxima in Newly Hatched Chickens Given 100 Oocysts." Avian Diseases 49, no. 3 (2005): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/7359-032805r1.1.

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50

Chen, Xiu Hai, Jun Bo Jia, Xu Yuan Li, Shi Ke Wang, and Ye Zhao. "Research on Knowledge Acquisition Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 1539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1539.

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In order to solve the problem of knowledge acquisition in equipment fault diagnosis,the paper introduces a method based on improved particle swarm optimization. Firstly the paper transforms the nonlinear equations which describe the system into optimization problem with constriction. Since the equation is nonlinear and multidimensional ,standard particle swarm cant solve the problem due to the weakness of premature. So one improved particle swarm optimization is proposed. During the evolution, density evaluation, clone and mutation operator is proposed under the thought of immunity. The result
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