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Academic literature on the topic 'Immunoterapia del cancro'
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Journal articles on the topic "Immunoterapia del cancro"
Vella, Stefano. "Immunoterapia del cancro." Global & Regional Health Technology Assessment 3, Suppl. 1 (October 23, 2019): S1—S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/grhta.2016.305.
Full textVella, Stefano. "Immunoterapia Del Cancro." Global & Regional Health Technology Assessment: Italian; Northern Europe and Spanish 3, no. 1_suppl (September 2016): GRHTA.5000241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/grhta.5000241.
Full textD’Ambrosio, Cristiana. "Immunoterapia ed eventi avversi cardiaci: come riconoscerli e gestirli." Cardiologia Ambulatoriale, November 30, 2020, 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17473/1971-6818-2020-3-11.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Immunoterapia del cancro"
Bertolami, Veronica. "Immunoterapia: dal freno all’acceleratore della “macchina” immunitaria. Proposta di traduzione in francese di alcuni estratti de "Il cancro ha già perso" di Michele Maio e Giovanni Minoli." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18400/.
Full textPOTENZA, ALESSIA. "Effector T cells co-expressing PD1 and CD39 are enriched in colorectal tumors: implications for cancer immunotherapy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/309596.
Full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd cause of cancer-related death. Despite standard therapies, more than 50% of patients experience relapse, eventually with metastatic disease. The CRC microenvironment is densely infiltrated by T cells, which have a role in immune surveillance and modulation of tumor progression, and their presence correlates with improved overall survival. To counteract immune exhaustion, inhibitory receptors (IRs) blockade has been exploited, but efficacy was limited to a small group of CRC patients characterized by high mutational burden. Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells could represent an innovative strategy to harness T cell function and specificity. Initially relying on isolation, ex vivo expansion and re-infusion of tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), the development of ACT cellular products has now been prompted by the newest gene transfer and genome editing techniques. However, the widening of ACT with genetically engineered T cells is still limited from by paucity of anti-tumoral T cell receptors (TCRs) and by the need to counteract the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This work aims at setting the basis for the development of effective T cell products for the ACT of CRC, endowed with the capacity to specifically recognize cancer cells and counteract the immune-suppressive CRC TME. We employed high-dimensional flow cytometry coupled with an advanced pipeline of data handling by dimensionality reduction and clustering algorithms to describe the phenotype and the exhaustion features of TILs retrieved from the healthy, peritumoral and neoplastic tissue of treatment-naïve primary CRC patients and from the peritumoral and tumoral tissue of CRC patients undergoing surgery for liver metastasis. Unsupervised analyses highlighted the co-expression of multiple IRs and activations markers in T cells within the tumors. Populations of TILs described by a peculiar IRs signature were enriched both in primary CRC and liver metastasis. Of note, the signatures retrieved from primary and metastatic CRC overlapped for the upregulation of PD1 and CD39 thus underlining these molecules as relevant targets for T cells engineering. With the aim of exploiting this exhaustion signature to retrieve new anti-tumor specificities, we performed TCRαβ sequencing on PD1+CD39+ T cells isolated from primary CRC samples, obtaining different results from MSS and MSI tumors, where the repertoire was more oligoclonal. Of note, a small but consistent subpopulation of PD1+CD39+ T cells was also enriched in the peripheral blood of CRC patients compared to healthy donors (HDs), suggesting that exhausted tumor-specific T cells might circulate although at low frequencies. This signature could thus be used to isolate CRC-specific T cells and TCRs. As an alternative approach, we exploited a strategy to isolate CRC-specific T cells starting from HD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We repetitively stimulated HD PBMCs with autologous antigen-presenting cells loaded with a pool of peptides selected to be immunogenic and expressed by CRC. We efficiently expanded T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens and neoantigen epitopes and we sequenced their TCR. To set up a T cell genetic modification pipeline, we employed a published MUC-1 TCR. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to render T cells completely devoid of the endogenous TCR, and we redirected T cells specificity by lentiviral transduction, obtaining MUC-1 specific T cells functionally able to kill target cells. Moreover, we set up the efficient disruption of PD1 and CD39 by CRISPR/Cas9 with the aim of rendering T cells selectively resistant to CRC TME. Overall, by coupling these findings we aim at generating a library of T cell products able to specifically recognize tumor antigens and to counteract the immune-suppressive TME, to be tested in adoptive T cell therapy trials for the treatment of CRC.
PAGAN, ELEONORA. "Sex-based differences in cancer immunotherapy efficacy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/306599.
Full textIn the last decade lots of research efforts were put in the field of immunotherapy, a relatively new class of treatments that boost the body’s natural defenses to fight against cancer. In medical research, despite growing evidence that sex (i.e., differences between men and women at biological level) might be a disease treatment modifier, sex-based differences in the presentation, progression, adverse events as well as in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of diseases were rarely analyzed and reported. Only in 2018, Conforti and colleagues found, for the first time, that considering patients affected by several types of advanced cancers, and treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy or as a combination therapy, males derive larger effect on OS then females do. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to extend previous (limited) knowledge on sex-based differences in cancer immunotherapy efficacy and to further explore mechanisms at molecular level that regulate anticancer immune response in men and women. First, we investigated whether, and confirmed that, women with advanced lung cancer derive larger benefit than men from the combination of chemotherapy to an anti-PD-1/PD-L1. We found also an interaction between patients’ sex and the efficacy in OS of two therapeutic strategies (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 alone or in combination with chemotherapy compared to standard chemotherapy) with opposite direction of the effect in men and women: men derive larger benefit than women with an anti-PD-1 treatment alone, while women have better survival with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 plus chemotherapy. Then we deeply studied the sex-based dimorphism of the response to lung cancer immunotherapy, conjecturing that the heterogeneity of response to different immunotherapeutic strategies might be due to differences in the molecular mechanisms that drive anticancer immune response in men and women. We observed a less efficient tumor recognition and infiltration by immune system in men compared to women. In particular, in men, we found a lower abundance of a number of immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), a significantly higher T-cell exclusion score, a smaller T-cell receptors repertoire diversity and a lower amount of ubiquitous expanded T-cell receptors. We found that such poorer immune infiltration of tumors in men may depend on a less efficient tumor neoantigens presentation to the immune-system, due to lower expression levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II molecules, higher frequency of HLA type I loss of heterozygosity and/or alterations in other component of the antigen presentation machinery. We also showed that, among the molecular pathways and biological processes most significantly enriched in the TME of women, there were many directly related to the anticancer immune response. Contrary, none of the gene sets found significantly enriched in tumors arising in men were directly related to anticancer immune responses. Moreover, we provided a clear example of the potential clinical implications of our findings, showing significant differences in the association between tumor mutational burden and survival benefit observed in men and women treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. We implemented several statistical methods to answer the different questions depending on the aim of each study. We used meta-analyses to combine results from several studies and to produce estimates of the overall sex-effect of interest. We used cox proportional hazard regression model to analyze survival data and, as a mean to investigate departures from linearity, restricted cubic splines were applied to model the relationship between continuous covariates and the survival outcome of interest. Several bioinformatic tools were used to process the data. Moreover, we implemented the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis methodology in the statistical software SAS with an extension to meta-analysis.