Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Immunothérapie cancer'
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Moussel, François. "L'interleukine-2 en immunothérapie anticancéreuse." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11125.
Full textFaure, Olivier. "Hsp70 : un antigène du soi pour l'immunothérapie du cancer." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N106.
Full textThe design of a broad application tumor vaccine requires the identification of tumor antigens expressed in a majority of tumors of various origins. The major stress-induccible heat shock protein Hsp70 (a. K. A Hsp72) is frequently overexpressed in human tumors of various histological origin, such as breast, lung, colorectal, cervical carcinoma and osteosarcoma. To assess the value of Hsp70 as a tumor associated antigen, three peptides from Hsp70 were selected for their high affinity for HLA-A*0201. These peptides were able to trigger anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes "in vivo" in HLA-A*0201-transgenic HHD mice and "in vitro" in HLA-A*0201+ healthy donors. These epitopes are tagets of an immune reponse in many HLA-A0201+ breast cancer patients. Hsp70 is thus a valuable tumor antigen for broad application tumor immunotherapy
Dadvar, Ehsan. "Characterization of cancer/testis antigen MAGE-A11 for immunotherapy of prostate cancer." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26789.
Full textCancer/testis antigens are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their limited expression in normal tissues, aberrant expression in malignancies and their immunogenic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of cancer/testis antigen, MAGE-A11, as an immunotherapeutic target for development of a prostate cancer vaccine. To accomplish this, we produced the monoclonal antibody 5C4 that is capable of recognizing MAGE-A11 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. We also investigated the expression of MAGE-A11 in a wide variety of cancer cell lines to determine the scope of its expression in cancer. It was shown that MAGE-A11 is widely expressed in malignancies. The highest MAGE-A11 expression was observed in colon cancer and astrocytoma brain tumors. Finally, we identified three naturally processed MHC class II HLA-DR1 epitopes in MAGE-A11 protein, thus confirming its immunogenicity and its potential as a target for cancer immunotherapy.
Duffour, Marie-Thérèse. "Immunisation antitumorale à l'aide d'un vecteur adénoviral codant pour l'antigène de tumeur P815A." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P074.
Full textZennadi, Rahima. "Immunothérapie des cancers colorectaux : contribution à l'étude de quelques problèmes." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANTO9VS.
Full textCalmels, Bastien. "Immunothérapie non-spécifique et immuno-monitoring pour le traitement du cancer." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077185.
Full textKishi, Masae. "Strategies of Cancer Immunotherapy : Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS070.
Full textCancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor progression, metastases, and late relapses. They have been identified in many cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and grade III to IV cancers. They are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reside in an immuno-repressive niche.This study aims to evaluate a immunotherapy strategy that selectively targets CSCs in the mouse model 4T1-GFP-Luc mimicking TNBC. The phenotype / genotype of mammosphere was initially characterized. Based on genomic analysis of CSC, we have developed an active immunotherapy associated with immunomodulatory agents. We measured the size of tumors and monitored the appearance of metastases by bioluminescence. We performed an immunological study and genomic tumor analysis. The therapeutic combination causes the recruitment of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes with increased CXCL13, the reduction of T reg cells and suppressive myeloid cells in the tumor. This induction of intra-tumor immune response leads to a decrease in tumor size and metastases.This new active immunotherapy can be used in combination with current treatments for prophylactic and curative measures in a wide variety of cancers
Royer, Pierre-Joseph. "Production de cellules dendritiques pour une immunothérapie anti-tumorale." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=a7110036-4fc2-40d2-a380-11963abceb55.
Full textIdentification of tumour antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes enables the development of cancer immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells that elicit T-cell responses. They are nowadays largely used in active immunotherapy strategy. However, first clinical trials highlight the need to improve ex vivo DC generation. Large DC population variability can be observed according to production mode. Thus, DC biology and production mode must be thoroughly understood. The aim of this study is to elaborate favourable culture conditions for DC generation and to determine the impact on DC activation. Two clinical vaccination protocols in acute myeloid leukaemia and hepatocellular carcinoma were developed from this work
Laroche, Adrien. "Un nouveau type d'anticorps bispécifique avec une activité de déplétion ciblée de facteurs solubles pro-tumoraux du microenvironnement tumoral pour la thérapie du cancer." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT047.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to design a new type of bispecific therapeutic antibodies to selectively eliminate soluble pro-tumoral factors from the tumor microenvironment by a sweeping antibody mechanism by targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR1). TfR1 is an overexpressed receptor in many tumors. It allows iron cell supply by a FcRn-like mechanism. The soluble factor chosen for this proof of concept is interleukin (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine involved in tumor progression. Three different bispecific antibody formats have been developed based on internalizing antagonistic antibodies targeting TfR1 and a pH-dependent non neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody. We highlight that (1) the 3 formats of bispecific antibodies retain the binding properties to IL-6 (binding at physiological pH but not at acidic pH) and TfR1 of parental antibodies (blocade of holo transferrine internalization) and (2) allow the internalization of IL-6 via TfR1. Sweeping activity was evaluated in vitro, by comparing the inhibitory activities of bispecific antibodies and the combination of parental antibodies on cell lines with IL-6 growth dependent (myeloma XG-6 and XG-7) or not (lymphoma RAJI). IL-6 elimination was also demonstrated in vivo by monitoring IL-6 elimination in the plasma of xenografted mice with an IL-6-producing pancreatic cancer line. The results of this thesis show that it is possible to obtain a TfR1-dependent sweeping activity, which opens up a wide range of therapeutic applications in the targeting of pro-tumor soluble factors by the use of specific TfR1-like tumor receptors
Besancon, Marjorie. "Immunothérapie non-spécifique du cancer de la vessie : développement de nouvelles approches basées sur la combinaison d'agents thérapeutiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27996.
Full textBladder cancer (BCa) is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with 430 000 new cases diagnosed in 2014. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer represents about 25% of bladder tumors, while non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer represents about 75% of these tumors. The latter are usually associated with a favorable prognosis but are characterized by a high rate of recurrence and progression while the former are aggressive from the onset and are at high risk of progression toward advanced disease. Among the various therapies available for the management of bladder tumors is non-specific immunotherapy using bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for the treatment on non-muscle invasive bladder tumors and, more recently, inhibitors of immune checkpoint (IC) for the treatment of advanced bladder tumors. BCa is one of the rare cancers to respond well to immunotherapy but, nevertheless, these treatments are suboptimal. The main objective of my project was to develop new immunotherapeutic approaches to fight more efficiently against BCa. To achieve this, three complementary approaches were investigated in murine BCa models. We first assessed in vitro and in vivo the potential of poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonist, used alone or in combination with BCG. While poly(I:C) induced anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on BCa cells in vitro, the combination of poly(I:C) and BCG induced in vivo a complete tumor regression in 28% of treated mice. Then, we evaluated the potential of two combinations of IC inhibitors in two murine BCa models. The first combination studied was that of the simultaneous blockade of PD-1 and TIM-3 tested in the MBT-2 model because the characterization of the MBT-2 tumors showed that these two receptors where frequently IC expressed in these tumors. In vivo blockade of these pathways revealed that in MBT-2 tumors, PD-1 is associated to a pro-tumoral activity, whereas, TIM-3 is associated with anti-tumoral activity, revealing opposite functions of these IC in these tumors. The second combination studied was that of PD-1 and LAG-3 tested in the MB49 BCa model. The characterization of MB49 tumors showed that PD-1 and LAG-3 were important IC in these tumors. The in vivo study showed that the simultaneous blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 increased the survival rate, since 67% of mice showed a complete tumor regression while the survival rates were 33% and 0% when anti-PD-1 and anti-LAG-3, respectively, were used in monotherapy. Finally, since androgens seem to play an important role in BCa, we tested an approach combining the inhibition of PD-1 and of the androgen receptor (AR). We showed that enzalutamide and seviteronel, two second generation antiandrogens, induced in vitro a decrease of the proliferation of human and murine BCa cells. In vivo, the combination of enzalutamide with anti-PD-1 showed a 66% overall survival rate, a rate that is much higher than the 16% rate observed when enzalutamide or anti-PD-1 were used alone. Thus, these studies allowed us to identify various possible ways to increase anti-tumor immune response that could be tested in clinical trials. They also show that the combination of therapeutic approaches is very promising the future of BCa immunotherapy.
Duault, Caroline. "L'IL-33 en immunothérapie anticancéreuse par les lymphocytes T Gamma Delta." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30021/document.
Full textHuman Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells represent the most prominent subset of gammadelta T cells in the blood of healthy adults, representing 1 to 4% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These cells are non-conventional lymphocytes activated by non peptidic antigens, the phosphoantigens (PAgs), without restriction by MHC molecules. They are very important actors of anti-infectious and antitumor immune responses. Indeed, their activation upon a contact with their target cells lead them to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and lytic granules mediating cell cytotoxicity. Their efficacy in cancer immunotherapy is now demonstrated but appears strongly limited by the toxicity of IL-2 which is essential for their expansion. All the cytokines of the IL-2 family have the same toxicity owing to the gamma chain shared by all the receptors of the family. Therefore, it appears crucial to find as effective but safer alternative to IL-2 which signaling does not depend on the gamma chain. IL-33 is a member of IL-1 family belonging to the alarmins which its receptor ST2/IL-1RAcP does not require the gamma chain. It is naturally present in the tumor microenvironment and ST2 is expressed on numerous innate and adaptive immune cells. IL 33 is a multipotent cytokine able to sustain both Th2 and Th1 immune responses. However, its bioactivity on Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells has never been studied. The aim of my PhD thesis consisted in determining if IL-33 could promote Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell anticancer functions. We found that IL-33 enhances the proliferation and the amplification of PAg-activated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. Moreover, we found that IL-33-induced Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells display the same anticancer functions than those induced by IL-2, through their secretion of Th1 type cytokines and to their cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell proliferation induced by IL-33 is due to a complex mechanism requiring interaction with CD4 T cells. Altogether, these results suggest that IL-33 represents a potential alternative to IL-2 in Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell-based immunotherapies
Benoit-Lizon, Isis. "Etude du rôle de STING dans la biologie des lymphocytes T CD4 : application en immunothérapie anticancéreuse." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCI002.
Full textRecognition of danger signals by intracellular or extracellular receptors expressed by innate immune cells is crucial for the establishment of an effective adaptive immune response. STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) is a protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum discovered in 2008 as being essential for the detection of cytosolic DNAs and the establishment of antiviral immune response mediated by type I interferons (IFNs). The STING protein also plays a key role in spontaneous anti-tumor immune responses and the administration of STING ligands in tumor-bearing mice favors tumor growth control. These observations have been verified in clinical trials in patients with melanoma, illustrating the therapeutic potential of activating STING in cancer immunotherapy.However, the mechanisms explaining the antitumor efficacy of STING ligands remain unclear. In vivo, STING ligands lead to dendritic cell activation. Dendritic cells are then responsible for setting up the adaptive immune response. While cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes have strong anti-tumor properties, helper CD4 T lymphocytes are also essential for the establishment of an effective anti-tumor immune response. The STING signaling pathway has mainly been described in myeloid cells, however several studies have shown that STING signaling pathway is functional in T lymphocytes. However, the intrinsic role of STING on the effector and antitumor properties of CD4 T lymphocytes remains unclear.My work reveals that STING ligands respectively increase the secretion of IL-9 and IFN-γ by TH9 and TH1 lymphocytes, two CD4 T cell subsets ascribed with potent anti-tumor activity, in a STING-dependent manner. Mechanistically, I was able to establish that STING modulates the effector functions of these two subtypes through different mechanisms: an IRF3-IFN-β axis for TH1 cells and an IFN-β-independent but mTOR-dependent axis for TH9 cells. In vivo antitumor effects of the STING ligand 2'3'-cGAMP involves CD4 T cells as well as the specific effector cytokines of TH1 and TH9, IFN-γ and IL-9 respectively. Finally, in the context of passive adoptive transfer in melanoma-bearing animals, activation of STING increases the antitumor effects of TH9 cells. These data indicate a new intrinsic role for STING in the modulation of the differentiation of CD4 T lymphocytes and the development of the adaptive anti-tumor immune response
Decobert, Marc. "Facteurs prédictifs de l'issue de l'immunothérapie au BCG des tumeurs superficielles de la vessie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24953/24953.pdf.
Full textBallet, Carolne. "Vectorisation de galactosylcéramides par des archaeosomes et des liposomes en immunothérapie du cancer." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCR0022.
Full textGalactosylceramides possess an immune system stimulation which contributes, for instance, to tumor remission. This immunological response results from the activation of iNKT cells, a subpopulation of T lymphocytes, which are important contributors to the autoimmune response regulation. The most powerful synthetic analogue is KRN7000 (α GalCer), currently under phase II clinical trials in immunotherapy towards cancer. But it is not specific enough for antitumoral response, it is poorly soluble in physiological solution and leads to an anergic state of iNKT cells. With this work, we proposed to overcome these drawbacks by selectively deliver the glycolipid in the tumor environment by mean of an antibody targeting system. The main purpose is to increase the immunostimulating effect of an antibody coupled α GalCer administered whether directly (glycoconjugates), or loaded into lipid vesicles such as archaeosomes and liposomes. The synthesis of each partner was optimized up to a hundred of milligrams. α GalCer was obtained from N acylation of a galactosphingosin, which was synthesized by glycosidic coupling between a fluorogalactosyl donor and a phytosphingosin. Preparation of the synthetic lipids was based on the introduction of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains on tetraether skeleton. One end of this polymer possesses a maleimide, a suitable function to bind to the antibody. Glycoconjugates and α GalCer loaded PEGylated archaeosomes and liposomes were then characterized. Preliminary in vivo biological tests carried out on the vectors showed the preservation of immune activity of α GalCer loaded vesicles. New studies have to be done in order to optimize these systems
Tougeron, David. "Etude de la réponse immunitaire dans les cancers colorectaux." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUENR05.
Full textIl est aujourd'hui évident que le système immunitaire joue un rôle important dans le contrôle du développement des tumeurs, et une corrélation forte a été montrée entre la présence d'un infiltrat lymphocytaire dans les cancers colorectaux (CCR) et la survie des patients. L'activation et l'expansion de lymphocytes T cytotoxiques (LTC) spécifiques d'antigènes tumoraux in vitro, puis leur réinjection chez le patient est une approche très prometteuse pour le traitement des cancers (immunothérapie adoptive). Nous avons généré des cellules présentatrices d'antigène artificielles (CPAA) stables, permettant une stimulation très puissante des LTC chez tout individu partageant la même molécule HLA de classe I. L'utilisation de CPAA exprimant l'antigène carcino-embryonnaire (ACE) n'a pas permis d'induire une réponse lymphocytaire T cytotoxique spécifique contre l'ACE (article 1). Le rôle potentiel de la tolérance dans cette absence de réponse nous a conduit à étudier des néo-antigènes, pour lesquels moins de phénomènes de tolérance sont attendus, dans le cadre de CCR présentant un phénotype RER+ (Replication errors). Le phénotype RER+ est retrouvé dans 15% des CCR et est lié à l'inactivation du système de réparation MMR (Mismatch repair) de l'ADN à l'origine d'une instabilité génétique touchant les séquences répétées. Cette instabilité provoque l'apparition de mutations, décalant le cadre de lecture de gènes portant des séquences répétées codantes, à l'origine de l'apparition de néo-antigènes qui pourraient être immunogènes. Ce phénotype est associé à un infiltrat lymphocytaire tumoral plus important et à une meilleure survie. Dans 61 CCR RER+, nous avons mis en évidence une corrélation entre l'infiltrat lymphocytaire T (CD3+) et la mutation de deux gènes cibles : ASTE1 et PTEN (article 2). Ensuite, nous avons augmenté le nombre de patients avec un CCR RER+ analysés (n-78) et surtout nous avons mieux caractérisé les populations T (LT cytotoxiques et LT régulateurs) grâce à l'utilisation du «Tissue micro-array» (TMA), véritable système de "puces" tissulaires. Nous avons mis en évidence une corrélation des mutations de ASTE1, PTEN, et BAX, avec l'infiltrat T cytotoxique (CD8+), mais pas avec l'infiltrat T régulateur (FoxP3+). Les néo-protéines correspondant à ces mutations sont donc des cibles intéressantes pour développer une stratégie d'immunothérapie adoptive T cytotoxique des CCR RER+. Parallèlement, nous avons évalué le rôle pronostique de la réponse immunitaire dans les CCR RER+ et nous avons montré une corrélation entre l'invasion métastatique précoce (embols vasculaires, invasions lymphatiques et engainements péri-nerveux) et le taux de LT régulateurs (FoxP3+, article 3 en préparation). De plus, nous avons mis en place une étude clinique sur l'intérêt pronostique de l'infiltrat lymphocytaire dans les cancers colorectaux opérés afin de rechercher le lien avec la récidive tumorale à 2 ans (étude TIL). Nous avons également débuté une analyse de la réponse inflammatoire cutanée (rash cutané papulo-pustuleux acnéiforme) associée aux anti-EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) utilisés dans le traitement des CCR métastatiques (étude CUTACETUX). Cette toxicité cutanée est fortement corrélée avec la réponse au traitement. L'objectif de l'étude est de rechercher une corrélation entre la réponse aux anti-EGFR et les marqueurs inflammatoires cutanés. Les premiers résultats mettent en évidence une augmentation des cytokines Th17 au niveau cutané. Le but ultime de ces travaux est une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de la réponse immunitaire dans es CCR et l'identification d'antigènes tumoraux utilisables dans une stratégie d'immunothérapie adoptive basée sur la timulation in vitro de LTC autologues avec nos CPAA
Angel, Juliette. "Stratégies innovantes de vectorisation d'antigènes dans les cellules dendritiques." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10256.
Full textLn the aim of immunotherapy, we developped innovative strategies of antigen vectorization into dendritic cells. First, we targeted the mannose receptor expressed on myeloid dendritic cells with a chemical vector (RAFT) wich enables both graft mannose residues an tumoral antigens (melan-A). We demonstrated that RAFT(Man)wmelan-A was efficiently endocyted by mDG and that tumoral peptide wa crosspresented to specifie T cells. Secondly, we worked with influenza virus derived particles, called virosomes, wich genetic material has been removed and membrane proteins conserved. Virosomes can encapsulate proteins or antigens in their lumen. We demonstrated thé pDG can present virosome encapsulated antigens and activate specifie T cells. Finally, we explored biological functions of pDG in the context of antiviral immunity. Ln our model, we showed that inactivated influenza virus treated B lymphocytes were phagocyted by pDOl and that pDC were activated. Besides, we observed that viral antigens were crosspresented to specifie T cells
Goguet-Surmenian, Émilie. "Étude préclinique d’Immunothérapie des métastases osseuses expérimentales par la fractalkine." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4131.
Full textBone metastases represent a major public health issue due to their negative impact on patient’s quality of life as well as the current lack of curative treatment. New therapeutic leads are being investigated, among which is the anti-cancer immunotherapy. As the main molecules responsible for leukocyte recruitment, chemokines appear as potential tools for this therapeutic approach. The chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) is implicated in numerous physiological and pathological mechanisms, including bone metabolism, antitumor immune response as well as tumor homing and proliferation, in a differential manner depending on the considered form of CX3CL1. Indeed, the particularity of CX3CL1 is that it can exist under two forms: an atypical membrane-bound form (strong cellular adhesion) and a chemokine typical soluble form (chemoattraction). The development of a mouse syngeneic model of lung cancer experimental bone metastases allowed us to study the effect of the soluble CX3CL1 on metastatic development in a skeletal location. The ectopic expression of soluble CX3CL1 in the lung cancer cells led to a decrease of their tumorigenic potential, a decrease of bone resorption associated with a shift of the OPG/RANKL ratio toward an osteoblastic phenotype and a modification of leukocyte tumor infiltration in favor of an antitumor immune response. In addition to the importance of CX3CL1 in bone remodeling, this study underlines the essential role of the immune microenvironment in bone tumor progression. In this context, the soluble CX3CL1 could represent a promising tool in the therapeutic arsenal of bone metastases
Gautier, Fabien. "Vaccinothérapie des cancers coliques par les corps apoptotiques : identification et clonage de rBard1 [rat(BRCA1 associated RING domain)protein-1]." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT21VS.
Full textMassé, Delphine. "Immunité antitumorale par les cellules présentatrices d'antigènes après phagocytose de corps apoptotiques." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT20VS.
Full textResistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is an important impediment constraining the successful treatment of cancers. Manipulation of the immune system appears to have a positive effect on cancer. Priming with antigen presenting cells for the generation of tumor-specific responses usually requires prior definition of tumor-derived antigen and characterisation of the epitopes involved. With the exception of melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, however, few tumor-associated antigens have been defined and cloned thus far. The advantage of the injection of apoptotic cells is that the processing of tumor antigens from these bodies leads to the production of a wide panel of antigens and consequently to a diverse immune response. In our laboratory, we have developed a vaccination protocol based on the injection of apoptotic bodies plus IL-2 into the peritoneal cavity of rats before challenge with viable tumor cells. .
Corvaisier, Murielle. "Caractérisation de lymphocytes infiltrant les tumeurs coliques et implication du récepteur CD94/NKG2A dans l'immunité anti-tumorale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2043.
Full textWith the perspective to develop immunotherapies of colorectal cancer, I studied the lymphocyte infiltrate (TIL) of these tumors, especially the phenotype and function of 2 clones: a 92 and an , specific for the autologous tumor cell line. I showed that : 1/ the 92 clone killed spontaneously the majority of colon carcinoma cell lines in a TCR- LFA-3- and NKG2D-dependant manner; 2/ all the 92 T cells shared this property, suggesting their interest for immunotherapy; 3/ the clone co-expressed CD8 and CD4 and secreted an array of cytokine of potential regulatory function (TGF-, IL-4, IL-2, TNF-). I also studied the role of HLA-E, the CD94/NKG2A receptor ligand, in the anti melanoma response. I showed that 1/ HLA-E is expressed in vivo by melanocytes and most primary melanoma tumor cells but fe metastatic ones; 2/ melanocytes and melanoma cell lines spontaneously shed a soluble form of HLA-E undescribed so far, of unknown function and upregulated by IFN-γ
Douillard, Jean-Yves. "Immunothérapie des cancers coliques : étude expérimentale dans un modèle d'adénocarcinome colique chimio-induit chez le rat." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT10VS.
Full textLimagne, Emeric. "Implication des cellules myéloïdes immunosuppressives (MDSC) et des lymphocytes TH17 dans l’efficacité des chimiothérapies et de l’immunothérapie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP004/document.
Full textActual oncology is still facing resistance and rapid progression of cancer. Intrinsic resistance mechanisms developed by tumor cells determine chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy. It is now recognized that the host immune response status is in part implicated in the therapeutic outcome of patients. The aim of our research team is to characterize this response and to study the impact of therapies in order to identify the mechanisms associated with future exhaust of the tumor. In this context, we have shown that chemotherapy (5-FU, oxaliplatin, anti-VEGF: FOLFOX-bevacizumab) in some patients causes a drop in devices gMDSC (granulocytic myeloid derived suppressive cells) that is associated with better therapeutic response. Nevertheless, as in mice, this effect on gMDSC causes an elevation of Th17, a pro-angiogenic population, which limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The result of our work was aimed to test the effect "anti-Th17" activating SIRT1 deacetylase histone. SIRT1 is an enzyme capable of disrupting the acetylation of STAT3, a key factor in the differentiation of Th17. We have shown that by using pharmacological agonists SIRT1 (resveratrol, SRT1720, metformin) inhibits Th17 polarization by deacetylation of STAT3 and that this effect can limit tumor growth in colorectal and melanoma murine models (B16F10, CT26). We validated this concept in humans, suggesting that it is possible to target Th17 cells by this strategy in addition to chemotherapy. The final component of this work is devoted to the comparison of peripheral immunological profile of healthy volunteers to a prospective cohort of non-small cell lung cancer. This study has allowed us to highlight the immune alterations induced by the tumor and to link these changes in response to nivolumab (anti-PD-1). A first response predictive model could be generated using data from a panel analysis of myeloid cells. This model proves once again that gMDSC have a negative predictive role, while antigen presenting (dendritic cells and monocytes) expressing PD-L1 has a good predictive role. Data presented in this section are preliminary and must be confirmed with the validation cohort that is currently included. All of this work has shown that it is essential to specifically target immunosuppressive myeloid cells and Th17 to promote the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer
Lequeue, Charlotte. "Expression et fonction de la protéine de costimulation immune BTN3A : identification du ligand de BTN3A2 pour immunothérapie en cancérologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0768.
Full textMolecules are presented to Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by immune costimulatory protein BTN3A.BTN3A2 which is devoid of a functional intracellular domain, is overexpressed in 4 cancers. Recently, BTN3A2 was described as regulator of subcellular localization of BTN3A1 thanks to heterodimerization. The aim of our project, was to identify the ligand of BTN3A2 for immunotherapy. Therefore, we have first selected by binding studies using flow cytometry, few T cell lines expressing BTN3A2 ligand.Based on the selection, a gene expression profile comparison was performed and allowed us to establish a list of membrane proteins expressed only in positive cell lines, BTN3A2 ligand candidates. The highest FC were found for HLA class II molecules. Cell lines overexpressing potential candidates of transcriptomic method were used for binding assays using BTN3A2-Fc, but were negative in all conditions. Then cell microarray technology was used to identify potential receptor partners of BTN3A2. 4 remaining gene products were selected, PLPP3, SEMA6A, SEMA6C and MSR1. The validation of these candidates was not done after transient transfection and binding test with BTN3A2-Fc (using flow cytrometry). Moreover, chemoproteomic experiments were performed to isolate and identify by mass spectrometry (MS) BTN3A2 ligand. Therefore, we used an original capture reagent (TFR) with three moieties, allowing covalent binding, which showed clearly BTN3A1 as a potential candidate. In our project, we have confirmed the heterodimerization of BTN3A1/A2 and we have demonstrated an existing form of heterodimerization that could interact with other proteins, to form a signaling pathway activating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells
Capietto, Aude-Hélène. "Immunothérapie anti-cancéreuse et lymphocytes T-Vgamma9Vdelta2 : stratégies contre l'échappement tumoral." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/996/.
Full textPhosphoantigen-stimulated human TCR-Vgamma9Vdelta2 gamma eltaT lymphocytes exert a potent antitumor cytolysis. Their activity is currently assessed in several clinical trials of cancer immunotherapies. Some cancers and their microenvironment produce suppressive molecules however, which might contribute to tumor escape. This PhD thesis deals with the contribution of TGF-beta to cancer immunoevasion, and means to avoid it. We show that the combination of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to lymphocytes activated TCR-Vgamma9Vdelta2 gamma delta T cells improves anti-tumoral immunologically-mediated killing and may counter TGF-beta-mediated immunosuppression. We illustrate this concept of targeted therapeutic combination in a murine model of Her2/neu mammary carcinoma xenografts. Together, our results demonstrate the potential of such therapeutic strategies in cancer
Bouchaud, Grégory. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle du complexe formé entre la chaîne Alpha soluble du Récepteur de l'Interleukine 15 Humaine et l'Interleukine-15 : implication en immuno-cancérologie." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=73b03bed-e0da-4f75-a33c-58e52cdf2a1b.
Full textThe Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine which outlines similar activities as those of IL-2 in vitro because of the common use of IL-2Rβ and γc chains. The specificity of action is conferred by a private α chain (IL-15Rα). The α chain exists in soluble form after proteolytic cleavage of the membrane anchored IL-15Rα. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms regulating the agonistic and antagonistic activities of the soluble forms of IL-15Rα (sIL-15Rα). We highlighted that the exon 3 encoded domain of the sIL-15Rα, located at the C-terminal end of the IL-15 binding domain (sushi) which participates to the high affinity of the IL-15/sIL-15Rα complex and is necessary for the antagonistic function of the soluble receptor. We also showed the vital role of this complex in cancer and inflammatory diseases through the capacity to escape to immunity of tumor with sIL-15Rα in head and neck cancers and it involvement in the therapeutic response to infliximab in Crohn disease. This work shows that the sIL-15Rα is an important component in the regulation of IL-15 and could lead to different therapeutic applications
Patry, Yaël. "Élaboration de protocoles d'immunothérapie dans un modèle de carcinome colique de rat." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT08VS.
Full textMeichenin, Marc. "L'antigène Tk : un nouvel antigène glycannique associé aux fumeurs, cible potentielle pour l'immunothérapie des cancers coliques." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT18VS.
Full textMornex, Françoise. "La radioimmunothérapie : applications thérapeutiques des anticorps monoclonaux radiomarqués en cancérologie." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T151.
Full textDesfrancois-Noel, Juliette. "Les lymphocytes Tαβ CD4+CD8+ : de nouveaux acteurs de la réponse anti-tumorale dans le cancer du sein et le mélanome." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2063.
Full textEymard, Jean-Christophe. "Innovation thérapeutique dans le cancer du sein et de la prostate : de la tentative d'optimisation d'une stratégie thérapeutique conventionnelle à l'exploration d'un nouveau concept d'immunothérapie cellulaire." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000868.pdf.
Full textFauquembergue, Emilie. "Nouvelles stratégies d'immunothérapie cellulaire adoptive anti-tumorale basée sur l'activation de lymphocytes T cytotoxiques spécifiques : application aux cancers colorectaux." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUENR08.
Full textAdoptive immunotherapy, based on in vitro tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activation and expansion, is a promising approach for cancer treatment. In this context, we used a strategy based on peripheral T cell activation with artificial antigen presenting cells (AAPC). To apply this strategy to colorectal cancer, that have a high mortality, the aim of this work was to select and assess the ability of various antigens to induce a specific cytotoxic response in HLA-A*0201 context. First, we were interested by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a potential target for immunotherapy because of its frequent overexpression in human carcinoma. We show that CAP1, a HLA-A*0201-restricted CEA-derived peptide, was not efficiently presented by tumor cell and that CEA, regardless of the epitope, is flot an appropriate target for T cell-based immunotherapy, in the HLA-A*0201 context. The potential role of tolerance mechanisms in this absence of response, led us ta study neoantigens, for which less tolerance mechanisms are expected, in colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability due ta a repair defect of DNA and characterized by a high immune infiltrate and a botter prognosis. In order ta characterize the frameshift mutations inducing a cytotoxic T cell response in these tumors, we analyzed in 80 CRC MSI+ the frequency of frameshift mutation of 19 target genes by fluorescent multiplex PCR comparative analysis. The four most frequently mutated genes was ACVR2 (90,9%), TAF1B (83,5%), ASTE1/HT001 (80,2%) and TGFBR2 (78,2%). We correlated the presence of these mutations with infiltrating T cell rate (CD3 and CD8) in tumors and we have shown that this rate was associated with the presence of frameshift mutations within three target genes: ASTE1MT001 and PTEN (CD3 and CD8) and BAX (CD8). These results argue for the evaluation of these antigens in our system of AAPC
Bérubé, Cooey Laurence. "Développement d'une immunothérapie spécifique contre le cancer de la vessie : caractérisation de l'immunogénicité de l'antigène tumoral MAGE-A9." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25963.
Full textJoalland, Noémie. "Immunothérapie anti-tumorale par transfert adoptif de LT Vγ9Vδ2 : utilisation préclinique de LT Vγ9Vδ2 humains allogéniques en immunothérapie anti-tumorale dans des modèles murins de xénogreffes orthotopiques." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1031/document.
Full textCancer is a pathology characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells. Despite many technological advances in terms of screening, medical imaging, surgery and treatments, cancer is still a therapeutic challenge. In recent years, development of immunotherapies, such as adoptive cell transfer, has been the aim of many studies. Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes are interesting immune effectors because of their numerous effector functions and their nonalloreactivity. In fact, their targets recognition is not restricted to the major histocompatibility complex, so it is possible to create allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cell banks that could be used to treat patients without risk of allogeneic reaction against the host. Moreover, this recognition can be induced by pharmacological molecules such as zoledronate. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the therapeutically efficacy of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes in preclinical mouse models of orthotopic xenografts. Two models have been developed: (i) a model of epithelial ovarian cancer including standard treatment of patients by surgery and chemotherapy, followed by relapse with peritoneal carcinosis ; (ii) a model of glioblastoma multiforme based on intracranial injection of primary tumor cells. Thus, the therapeutically efficacy of adoptive transfer of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, whether or not associated with zoledronate, has been demonstrated in several preclinical models, paving the way for clinical transfer
Dessarthe, Benoît. "Rôle des nectines dans la reconnaissance des cellules tumorales par les lymphocytes T yδ." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795222.
Full textLeclerc, Marine. "Rôle de la Neuropiline-1 dans les fonctions effectrices des lymphocytes T CD8 antitumoraux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS458.
Full textRecent advances in understanding the regulation of molecular interaction between CD8 T cell and tumor cells gave rise to novel cancer immunotherapies. Indeed, monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1 (mAb), targeting inhibitory receptors on the surface of CD8 T cells, have demonstrated survival benefits in many cancers. Unfortunately, only a fraction of patients responds to these treatments. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize the influence of additional molecular factors regulating the migration and the functional activities of CD8 T cells, in order to improve current cancer treatments. A potential candidate involved in this immunosuppression function is the Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1), which was originally identified in the nervous system. We identified a large subset of CD8 T cells infiltrating B16 melanoma (mouse model), which expresses high levels of Nrp-1. The frequency of Nrp-1+ CD8 T cells increased during tumor growth, but was undetectable in lymphoid organs (spleen and tumor-draining lymph node). Moreover, Nrp-1+ CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) displayed features of T cell exhaustion. Importantly, blocking of Nrp-1 with a neutralizing mAb, increases the capacity of CD8 T cells to migrate and to kill autologous tumor cells. In addition, the blockade of Nrp-1 in vivo acts synergistically with the neutralization of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 to control tumor growth and restore TIL function. Our findings show how the tumor microenvironment induces Nrp-1 expression on CD8 T cells and how this neuronal receptor may participate in regulating antitumor CD8 T cell response, with potential implications as a biomarker/target for immunotherapeutic intervention
Rinaldi, Anne-Sophie. "Immunociblage de la gankyrin avec des fragments d'anticorps recombinants humains dans un contexte intracellulaire." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6242.
Full textBoutin, Lola. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de molécules TCE activant les lymphocytes T gamma delta humains en comparaison avec les lymphocytes T alpha beta." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1027.
Full textAnti-tumor immunotherapies approaches are in constant expansion, answering the limits of conventional treatments. Among them, the use of monoclonal antibodies to specifically target tumor antigens or to raise co-inhibitory signals on immune effectors, are among the most promising. Advances in protein engineering have led to the emergence of bispecific antibodies and antibodieslike, among which the T cell engage (TCE) redirect cytotoxic T cell activity against a tumor cell. T lymphocytes are at the center of the adaptive and transitional immunity of the immune system, of which are, respectively the conventional T cells; the invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) and T cells. The objective of this thesis is to characterize and compare the functional response of these different populations of T lymphocytes in a solid tumor model induced by TCE. TCE molecules were constructed by combining two VHHs, antigen recognition modules derived from camelid antibodies. Their effects on different T populations were investigated in detail by different techniques in an in vitro 2D or 3D tumoral model. The results of this study indicate that the choice of the T population to target in a TCE immunotherapy strategy could have a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome and the induction of immunosuppressive mechanisms
Paczesny, Sophie. "Réponses immunitaires chez les patients atteints d'un mélanome métastatique après vaccination par des cellules dendritiques dérivées de progéniteurs CD34+." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077135.
Full textMonge, Audrey. "Conséquences fonctionnelles et structurales de l'association de deux mutations du récepteur des androgènes dans le cancer de la prostate." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/MONGE_Audrey_2008.pdf.
Full textSola, Caroline. "Immunomodulation des fonctions effectrices des cellules NK par le contrôle des intéractions de leurs récepteurs inhibiteurs avec les molécules du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité (CMH) de classe I." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4082.
Full textNatural Killer cells (NK cells) are lymphocytes able to kill tumors with aletered expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules. This “missing self” recognition is mediated by the lack of engagement of Human Leukocytes Antigens (HLA) with NK inhibitory receptors that include Killer Immunoglobulin like Receptors (or KIR) in humans. In rodents, the functional analogues of KIR are Ly49 lectins. Some tumors escape NK cell immune surveillance by increasing the expression of HLA molecules on their surface. So, blocking interactions between KIR and HLA molecules constitutes an interesting therapeutic strategy that INNATE PHARMA decided to explore, developing the anti-KIR monoclonal antibody 1-7F9. Nevertheless, these interactions are necessary for the acquisition of NK functional properties, i.e for their “education”. They are also involved in self-tolerance on educated NK cells. For the pre-clinical development of 1-7F9, it was necessary to anticipate anti-KIR mAb safety and toxicity, evaluate its anti-cancer potential and its impact on NK education. A first part of our work was performed in a surrogate B6 mouse model:Ly49 C/I inhibitory receptors have H-2b molécules as endogenous ligand. Their interactions were blocked with anti-Ly49 C/I monoclonal antibody. In a second part, we report the generation of transgenic mice expressing a single inhibitory KIR in the context of its HLA ligand and in absence of endogenous mouse MHC class I molecules. Both models showed that the blockade of NK inhibitory receptors interactions with their endogenous ligands did not break self tolerance, had a strong anti-tumor effect and did not abrogate NK functionality
Isambert, Nicolas. "Etude des mécanismes d'action d'une immunothérapie par un triacyl lipide A chez l'homme." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967908.
Full textGraber, Nils. "La vacuna, une innovation cubaine : immunothérapie du cancer, essais cliniques et soins primaires aux marges de la globalisation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0122.
Full textSince its emergence in the 1980s, the Cuban biotechnology industry has developed pharmaceuticals designed to both export and integration into the national health system. Among innovative projects, cancer immunotherapy stands as one of the main areas. This domain of cancer therapy attempts to act upon immunological mechanisms to destroy or contain the tumour. Since 2010, some of these treatments have been made accessible for a wide-spread use in the country through the implementation of clinical trials expanded to primary health centres, called polyclinics, where notably general practitioners are working. The aim of this intervention is to transform (advanced) cancer into a chronic disease. It is an unprecedented intervention. At the international level, where immunotherapy also stands as a cutting-edge oncology treatment, these new drugs are only available at the hospital level, and wide access is threatened due to high prices. Combining ethnography with the study of collaborative networks, this work explores the innovation process in the development of cancer immunotherapy in Cuba, in its attempts to conciliate industrial policies and public health goals. The use of the local term vacuna is part of an examination of epistemic specificity as well as of the multiple understanding of cancer immunotherapy among industrial researchers, oncologists and primary healthcare professionals. The vacuna is taking shape through practices embedded within public institutions, which attempt to constantly conciliate conflicting dimensions, between economic and public health goals, biomedicine and primary care, respect of global norms and attention to local particularities, which is a source of multiple and modular innovations, likely to circulate among both global South and global North
Berger, Hélène. "Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle des lymphocytes T CD4 dans un contexte de cancer : application en immunothérapie anticancéreuse." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS002/document.
Full textImmune surveillance of tumors is based on the ability of effector cells of the immune system to detect and eliminate the cancer cells. Notwithstanding, the complete and spontaneous regression of established cancers was observed only in very few cases. The failure of cancer resolution by the immune system could result from the combination of several factors: i) inadequate immune response related to a low tumor immunogenicity, ii) incompetent immune system consecutively to induced or acquired immunodeficiencies and iii) the selection of resistant tumor variants able to thwart immune surveillance or subverting immune responses. Developing novel cancer immunotherapy strategies leading to potentiation of the host antitumor responses is thus a key challenge in oncology.We aim to better characterize the relationships between immune response and cancer. My work is precisely to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in CD4 T cell differentiation and to determine the role of these cells in antitumor immunity. I am particularly committed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the Th17, Th9 and TFh cell differentiations. The goal is to better understand and adjust their effector functions to optimize antitumor responses. This work is part of a potential application in cancer immunotherapy approach, an area that is experiencing dramatic advances and is likely to grow in the years ahead.We first studied the influence of the n 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on Th17 cell differentiation. We unraveled the molecular mechanism responsible for the direct inhibition of Th17 cell polarization by DHA, explaining one way of DHA to exert its anticancer activity. TH17 cells induced in vitro displayed increased SOCS3 expression and diminished capacity to produce interleukin 17 following activation of PPARγ by DHA. In two different mouse cancer models, DHA prevented tumor outgrowth and angiogenesis in an IL 17 dependent manner. Altogether, our results uncover a novel molecular pathway by which PPARγ induced SOCS3 expression prevents IL 17 mediated cancer growth.Then, we characterized the effects of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) on Th9 cells molecular program. We found that the transcription factor IRF1 enhanced the effector functions of Th9 cells and dictated their anticancer properties. Under Th9 skewing conditions, IL-1β induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1 and subsequent expression of IRF1, which bound to Il9 and Il21 gene promoters and enhanced their secretion by Th9 cells. In addition, IL-1β induced Th9 cells exerted potent anticancer functions in an IRF1 and IL 21 dependent manner. Thus, our findings identify IRF1 as a target for controlling the function of Th9 cells.We are currently investigating the transcriptional regulation of IRF1 on follicular helper CD4 T (TFh) cell program. We address the question whether TFh cells could be beneficial in cancer immunotherapy. Our study highlights the early activation of IRF1 during the TFh cell polarization and suggests that IRF1 appears to initiate the development of these cells. Adoptive transfer approaches show that TFh lymphocytes seem to habor anticancer properties by limiting efficiently tumor outgrowth in mouse models of cancer. Finally, phenotypic characterization of TFh cells points out that they infiltrate human breast tumors and express IRF1
Épaulard, Olivier. "Immunothérapie anti-tumorale par vecteur bactérien vivant : utlisation du système de sécrétion de type III de pseudomonas aeruginosa." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10146.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (TTSS) is a virulence factor allowing direct translocation of bacterial toxins from bacteria to eukaryotic cell cytoplasm. We took advantage of TTSS to elaborate a system of non-bacterial antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells (among them dendritic cells (DCs)) to trigger a specifie CD8+ T lymphocyte response. Indeed, a TTSS-based vector may allow 1) DCs activation (being a bacteria) and 2) major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC-I)-restricted antigen presentation by DCs (because of the intracytoplasmic antigen delivery). We used a P. Aeruginosa strain which TTSS toxin genes had been deleted. Antigen secretion was obtained by transcriptionnal fusion of antigen coding sequence with the TTSS effector ExoS N-terminal (non-toxic) coding sequence. TTSS negative control (producing but not delivering antigen or secreting but not translocating the antigen) were elaborated. Ln an in vitro murine model, interaction of DCs with ovalbumin-delivering vector allows DC activation and CMH-I restricted presentation by DCs of peptide originating from ovalbumin. Ln an in vivo murine model, subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin-delivering vector was associated with an elevation of splenic antiovalbumin CD8+ T lymphocytes, and a poor (if any) anti-ovalbumin antibody generation. After two injections of this vector, animais were highly resistant to a challenge with the ovalbumin-expressing melanoma 816OVA in prophylactic and curative assays. These results were not obtained using TTSS negative controls. Ln an unmodified tumor (glioblastoma GL26) murine model, injection of vector delivering GL26 spontaneous antigen (gp100 and Trp2) was associated with a partial protection against subcutaneous GL26 challenge (with gp100) but not against intracerebral GL26 challenge. Immunohistochemistry is currently performed to assess local CD8+ T lymphocyte tumoral infiltration. Ln a human in vitro model, a vector delivering Influenza virus protein M1 induces the activation by DCs of anti-M1 CD8+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, attenuated vectors (auxotrophic for aromatic aminoacids and/or lacking key quorum sensing genes) have been elaborated. This work demonstrates that TTSS-based vectors may be considered as useful in anti-tumor immunotherapy
Godefroy, Emmanuelle. "La présentation croisée de la métalloprotéase matricielle-2 par les cellules de mélanome génère un épitope T spécifique de ce cancer." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2077.
Full textMost tumor cells express antigens that can be recognized by cytotoxic T CD8 lymphocytes. Nevertheless, immunotherapeutic trials, targeting various human tumor cell antigens recognized by T lymphocytes, have shown limited efficacy. To improve these treatments, it is necessary to identify new tumor antigens. With this aim, we studied the specificity of melanoma infiltrating lymphocytes from 22 patients. This screening allowed us to identify a new tumor antigen recognized by a CD8 T cell clone in the HLA-A*0201 context : the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). We also showed that the MMP-2560-568 epitope is not processed by the classical endogenous pathway, but by cross-presentation. The original processing of the MMP-2 epitope, only used by melanoma cells, and the pro-tumoral functions of MMP-2 make of this new antigen an ideal target for immunotherapy, and opens the way to new innovative therapeutic strategies to treat HLA-A*0201 melanoma patients
Le, Mercier Isabelle. "Caractérisation des altérations fonctionnelles des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et myéloïdes dans les tumeurs mammaires murines." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876658.
Full textCoulon, Le Moignic Aline. "Développement d'une stratégie de vaccination thérapeutique antitumorale basée sur l'utilisation de lipopolyplexes à ARN ciblant les cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066048/document.
Full textElimination of cancer cells requires an efficient cytotoxic immune response. In order to obtain such a response, antigens need to be uptaken by dendritic cells (DCs) and correctly presented to effector cells. We developed a strategy based on RNA lipopolyplexes (LPRs): antigenic mRNA is associated with a histidine-polylysine polyplexe and incorporated in a trimannosylated liposome to better target dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, as DCs express several C-Type lectin receptors that preferentially bind to mannose. Here, we report that trimannosylated LPRs are efficient to target both human and murine DCs. Interestingly, in vivo experiments reveal that trimannosylated LPRs not only target DCs but also induce their recruitment and activation in draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, when combined with mRNA encoding E7 oncoprotein from HPV16, trimannnosylated LPRs trigger specific T-cell response against E7. Finally, when used as therapeutic vaccines in three different tumors models, LPRs promote curative therapeutic responses in E7-expressing TC1 tumor, in OVA-expressing EG7 lymphoma and in MART-1-expressing B16 melanoma, when combined with E7, OVA or MART-1 mRNA, respectively. Altogether, these results comfort us to considerate the use of this strategy for anti-cancer vaccine therapies
Giraud, Véronique. "Étude des effets dépressogènes des immunothérapies chez des patients atteints de cancers du rein métastatiques : rôle de certains facteurs psychologiques, biologiques et sociaux : une recherche exploratoire en psychologie de la santé." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21100.
Full textThe diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and the treatment associated, are highly stressful events in the life of a man or a moman. Nowadays, neoplasm is one of the first cause of mortality in France. During the last twenty years, psychoneuroimmunology has demonstrated an intricate network of bidirectional relationships between the immune system and the brain. Cytokines that are released by immune cells during the host response to infection, represent the main mediators of the communication between the immune system and the central nervous system. By their potent immunomodulatory effects, cytokines are used for the treatment of several forms of cancers. However, cytokines therapies are often accompanied by several side effects that impair the patient's quality of life, and limit the continuation of immunotherapy. Psychiatric disturbance that occur during cytokine treatment are undefined and impredictable. The principal objectives of our study are, in one hand, to show that subjects are differencied by psychosocial factor and transaction, and in the other hand, to identify a cognitive comportemental specific pattern, for cancerous patients at the beginning of immunotherapy. The study was carried out on patients suffering from metastatic renal cell carcinoma and receiving cytokine immunotherapy, (Institut Bergonié and CHU of Bordeaux) with the Health Psychology model Study of Bruchon-Schweitzer and Dantzer (1994). The main results show that cytokine therapy is accompanied by depressive symptoms. As soon as the first and second week of immunotherapy, patients treated display depressive symptomatology
Veith, Irina. "Lung Cancer On-Chip for Immunotherapy Response Profiling Apoptosis Mapping in Space and Time of 3D Tumor Ecosystems Reveals Transmissibility of Cytotoxic Cancer Death." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL036.
Full textNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the few tumor diseases, with melanoma and vesical carcinoma, for which immuno-oncology drugs led to a therapeutic revolution. Only 20 to 30% of the NSCLC patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) monotherapy with durable responses, while combinations led up to 40% of long responder patients. Our study aims to better characterize the modulation of the tumor microenvironment upon ICI treatment, plus or minus concurrent chemotherapy, in order to guide more compelling immunotherapy strategies. Inspired by the organ-on-a-chip technology, we implemented the reconstitution ex vivo of a simplified immunocompetent lung tumor microenvironment by performing 3D co-cultures in microfluidic devices. This approach allowed us to perform live-imaging and quantification of the effects of ICI on the tumor ecosystem.The design of the chip consists of three parallel micro-chambers, separated by micro-pillars that allow the confinement of a biomimetic hydrogel in the central channel by capillarity. By co-culturing autologous NSCLC cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (harvested from the TILs of the same patient and furtherly amplified in vitro) we could recapitulate, visualize and quantify an efficient and specific cytotoxic activity of the T cells against the autologous cancer cells. For this purpose, we developed a novel algorithm that could localize the cancer cells and, thanks to a fluorescent reporter of the caspase activity, measure their death in a time- and space-specific manner. In these 3D co-cultures the cytotoxic activity of T cells was enhanced by the treatment with PD-1 inhibitor and PD-L1 inhibitor, therefore reconstituting on-chip an ICI response. Furthermore, this method allowed us to extract a parameter, the potential of death induction, which mathematically estimates the “contagiousness of death” by computing the proximity in space and time of death signals. Interestingly, this analysis revealed us that the death of cancer cells caused by either chemotherapy or cytotoxic T cells is contagious, whereas in control conditions the cancer cells death is stochastic. This observation may have biological and clinical implications, for instance regarding the bystander effect, observed after radiotherapy treatment. Furthermore, in order to have a molecular insight on the impact of the co-culture on T cells, in presence or absence of ICI, we analyzed by flow cytometry the expression of several T cell markers. After 3 days of co-culture on chip, the T cells showed an increased expression of activation markers, such as CD69 and CD25, as well as an increased expression of exhaustion markers, notably PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3, LAG-3, CD137 and OX-40. The coupling of image analysis and the study of T cell plasticity, allowed us to associate for the first time the finely quantified cytotoxic activity of the T cells and their activation/exhaustion status and describe a responsive phenotype to immunotherapies. In this thesis, we demonstrated that the tumor-on-chip is suitable to evaluate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, to potentially assess the effect of combined drugs and to study the mechanisms of cancer cell primary resistance
Ouisse, Laure-Hélène. "Immunothérapie des cancers : tentative de mise en évidence d'un nouvel antigène tumoral chez l'homme et développement préclinique d'un agent thérapeutique." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2040.
Full textThe development of cancer immunotherapy treatment requires the discovery of new tumor antigens. The first part of my thesis was to determine the antigen recognized by a specific T cell clone derived from human colon tumor. This study did not lead to the discovery of a new antigen but to emphasize the importance of ICAM-1 in the costimulation of this T cell clone CD4 + CD8 +. This clone recognizes an antigen shared by a large number of cell types and may have a regulatory rôle. One obstacle to immunotherapy treatments is the development of regulatory immune responses, and the second part of my work was to study the mechanisms involved in the functional inactivition of murine T regulatory cells (Tregs) by the bacteria E. Coli expressing the Listeriolysin-O (LLO). In mice, injection of these bacteria induces a strong anti-tumor response in preventive of curative protocols that has been correlated with a strong cytotoxic response, favored by a loss of Tregs function. Dendritic cells (DC) are the mediators of this inhibition. In addition, the data demonstrate the essential role of the inhibition of IL-10 secretion in DC infected with E. Coli/LLO and the rôle of this inhibition in Tregs function. Infection experiments on human DC show a similar effect on the expression of IL-10 suggesting the possibility of the utilisation of these recombinant bacteria in humans immunotherapy protocols