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Chann, Piseth. "PERAN KONVENSI HUKUM LAUT INTERNASIONAL PBB 1982 DAN INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO) BAGI KESELAMATAN DAN KEAMANAN ANAK BUAH KAPAL (ABK) SELAMA BERLAYAR DALAM PELAYARAN INTERNASIONAL." Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/jphp.v2i1.260.
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ABSTRAKEksploitasi terhadap tenaga kerja di laut lepas, khususnya ABK, masih sering terjadi. Meskipun tidak diatur secara spesifik, keselamatan dan keamanan ABK dapat dikaitkan dengan KHL PBB 1982, Pasal 94. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan Pasal 94 KHL dengan perlindungan terhadap ABK, peran IMO terhadap keselamatan dan keamanan ABK, dan kerja sama antara IMO dan ILO dalam menangani masalah eksploitasi sumber daya manusia dalam pelayaran internasional. Dari kajian ini dapat dijelaskan bahwa dalam KHL PBB 1982, Pasal 94 Ayat 2 (b) dan 3 (b) terdapat kewajiban yang dibebankan kepada Negara Bendera untuk ikut bertanggung jawab jika ABK mendapatkan suatu masalah. Sementara itu, sebagai agen khusus PBB, IMO telah mengadopsi satu Kode Manajemen Internasional dengan tujuan untuk memastikan keselamatan manusia dan menghindari kerusakan lingkungan laut. IMO, ILO dan Ad Hoc juga membentuk kerja sama tripartit untuk mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan ketenagakerjaan di laut. Kata Kunci: anak buah kapal; IMO; ILO; keselamatan dan keamanan
ABSTRACTExploitation of workers on the high seas, especially the ship's crew, is still common. Although not specifically regulated, the safety and security of the ship's crew can be linked to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 94. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between Article 94 UNCLOS and the protection of ship's crew, the role of International Maritime Organization (IMO) in the safety and security of ship's crew, and cooperation between IMO and ILO in dealing with the problem of exploitation of human resources in international shipping. From this study, it can be explained that in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 94 Paragraphs 2 (b) and 3 (b) there was an obligation imposed on the Flag State to take responsibility if the ship's crew had a problem. Meanwhile, as a UN special agent, IMO has adopted an International Management Code to ensure human safety and avoid damage to the marine environment. IMO, ILO and Ad Hoc also formed tripartite cooperation to regulate matters related to employment at sea.Keywords: ILO; IMO; security and safety; ship's crew
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Gjerde, Kristina M. "Imo." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 14, no. 3 (1999): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180899x00228.
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Xu, Jianqiu, Hua Lu, and Zhifeng Bao. "IMO." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13, no. 12 (August 2020): 2825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3415478.3415485.
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Kasoulides, George C. "Imo." International Journal of Estuarine and Coastal Law 4, no. 1 (1989): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187529989x00066.
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YADAV, SEEMA, P. K. BHARTI, G. K. GAUR, BHANITA DEVI, ABHISHEK ABHISHEK, N. R. SAHOO, RAJESH CHHABRA, ARUN SOMAGOND, and MOHIT ANTIL. "Standardisation and categorization of indigenous microorganisms (IMOs) for inoculated deep litter piggery in India." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i4.104188.
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The present experiment was conducted on standardisation and categorization of Indigenous Microorganisms (IMOs) in India for its future application as inoculum in inoculated deep litter housing of pigs. The cultivation of IMOs was accomplished in four steps, which involved use of half cooked rice, sugar sources, rice bran and soil at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th steps, respectively. The cultivated IMOs at the end of each step from 1st to 4th were named accordingly as IMO-1, IMO-2, IMO-3 and IMO-4. The cultivation of IMOs was done in three groups based on the major sources of energy at 2nd step as control (brown sugar), treatment 1 (Jaggery) and treatment 2 (Molasses). The IMO-1 was obtained after 7 days which was confirmed based on the appearance of white coloured fungal mycelium in all the groups. The IMO-4 was considered as the final product of cultivation process which was confirmed by the presence of fungal mycelium interwoven in the soil. IMO-4 stage was further categorised in different microbial groups based on laboratory examination and only two categories of microbes were witnessed namely bacteria and fungi, none of yeast were found in those inoculums. Out of four types of bacterial colonies, IMB-3 confirmed the presence of Paenibacillus amylolyticus and IMB-4 as Enterococcus casseliflavus. The standardisation of IMOs as inoculum for deep litter housing was performed first time in India.
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Novia, D., A. Sandra, A. Yogi, Allismawita, and A. A. Putra. "Potential of Indigenous Microorganisms (IMO) from cow manure, elephant grass, Aloe vera, pineapple skin to the N, P and K content of organic cow manure." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 888, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012038.
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Abstract The manufacture of organic fertilizers can be accelerated by adding indigenous microorganisms (IMO) which function as decomposers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding several types of IMO to the N, P, and K content of organic cow manure. This research used animal MOL, namely cow manure IMO and vegetable IMO, namely elephant grass IMO, Aloe vera IMO, pineapple skin IMO and dry cow manures. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were A: addition of cow manure IMO, B : elephant grass IMO, C : Aloe vera IMO, D : pineapple skin IMO, E : combination IMO (A, B, C, D). The parameters were measured; the N, P and K content. The results showed that the addition of several types of IMO had a significant effect (P<0.05) on phosphorus content of organic cow manure but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on nitrogen and potassium content. The manufacture of organic cow manure with the addition of several types of IMO for 21 days gave the best results in the combination IMO treatment with 1.70% nitrogen, 0.65% phosphorus, and 1.78% potassium content.
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Sobol, Walentyna. "Ab imo pectore." Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie 9 (July 18, 2022): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2451-2958spu.9.6.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze a unique fragment of the manuscript of the hetman’s Pylyp Orlylk’s „Diary” („Diariusz”) from May-June 1730. The methodological basis is the understanding of handwritten notes in terms of combining matters of public importance and private life. The dominance of private discourse in the fragment analyzed here is obvious. In the tenth year of his exile in Thessaloniki, when Hetman Pylyp Orlyk actually lost hope of escaping from „mourning Babylon”, the eldest son came to the father incognito under a disguised name. The hetman’s diary entries about his last meeting with his son in Thessaloniki are extremely sincere and touching. These notes represent picturesque figures of people whom fate brought to distant Thessaloniki. Not only father and son, but the whole environment – multi-ethnic, multifunctional, multi-religious, multilingual, but still able to understand the threat of pandemic and war. In general, the „Diary” of 1720–1732 pp. – which is one of the largest in the history of world literature – is the dominant motive is „discourses”: conversations, games, discussions, including theological and philosophical. The arrival of his son inspires a powerful anthropology of memory. The conversations refresh those experiences that are related to everything that happened before and after the Poltava battle. And it was this defeat that shocked the whole being of the hetman. According to Vladislav Tatarkevich, none of the other events gives as much suffering as wars, including lost ones. The hetman noted in detail the meetings and conversations with his son. They convincingly testify that his young diplomat is a new type of figure, a strategist of the European type. Hryhor (Grégoire) Orlyk is the successor of the project by the hetmans Petro Doroshenko and Ivan Mazepa, seeks to rely on France, which during the 18th century – which was almost the only great power in Christendom – opposed Moscow’s expansion in Europe.
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Gardiner, Tony. "IMO-OMI: Reflections." Mathematical Gazette 86, no. 506 (July 2002): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3621838.
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Diaz, Brigitte. "1830 ex imo." Romantisme 147, no. 1 (2010): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rom.147.0081.
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Başer, Ada Ezgi. "Understanding IMO 2020." Journal of ETA Maritime Science 8, no. 1 (2020): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/jems.2020.59389.
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Busha, Thomas S. "The IMO Conventions*." Ocean Yearbook Online 6, no. 1 (1986): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160086x00121.
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Matsumoto, Tomohiro. "International Trend Concerning IMO NOx Tier III - Discussions in IMO." Marine Engineering 48, no. 6 (2013): 725–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.48.725.
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Buchmann, Klaus. "Developing Turbochargers for IMO Tier II and IMO Tier III." MTZ industrial 3, no. 1 (April 26, 2013): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40353-013-0070-0.
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Amangabara, G. "Drainage Morphology of Imo Basin in the Anambra – Imo River Basin Area, of Imo State, Southern Nigeria." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2015/17114.
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Hesse, Hartmut. "Maritime Security in a Multilateral Context: IMO Activities to Enhance Maritime Security." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 18, no. 3 (2003): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092735203770223567.
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AbstractIMO has, as an integral part of its mandate, the duty to make travel and transport by sea as safe as possible. In the wake of the tragic events of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America, the 22nd Session of the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which met at the Organization's London headquarters in November 2001, adopted Resolution A.924(22) on the "Review of Measures and Procedures to Prevent Acts of Terrorism which Threaten the Security of Passengers and Crews and the Safety of Ships". Since then a number of meetings of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) and its Working Group on maritime security were held and new maritime security regulations were developed. These mandatory provisions are detailed in the new Chapter XI-2 of the SOLAS Convention and the new International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, which was subsequently adopted by a Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Security, held at the IMO headquarters in London from 9-13 December 2002, for formal entry into force on 1 July 2004 (if deemed accepted on 1 January 2004). In addition, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the IMO in July 2001 to ensure closer co-operation. In addition to the work that the International Labour Organization (ILO) is undertaking regarding the development of a new seafarers' Identity Document, further co-operation is also anticipated in a Joint ILO/IMO Working Group to develop a comprehensive regulatory framework for the security of all port areas.
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Gu, Xueling, Hao Li, Zehe Song, Yanan Ding, Xi He, and Zhiyong Fan. "78 Effects of Isomaltooligosaccharide and Bacillus supplementation on sow performance, serum metabolite and oxidative status in serum and placenta." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.158.
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Abstract This study investigated the effects of Isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and Bacillus supplementation on sow performance, serum metabolite and oxidative status in serum and placenta. One hundred and thirty multiparous gestating sows with similar body condition were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 26), receiving basal diet (CON group) or basal diet supplemented with 0.5% IMO (IMO group), 0.5% IMO and 0.02% Bacillus subtilis (IMO+S group), 0.5% IMO and 0.02% Bacillus licheniformis (IMO+L group), and 0.5% IMO, 0.02% Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (IMO+S+L group), respectively. The reproductive performance of sows was recorded. During farrowing, serum of sow from the ear vein and umbilical vein were collected for determining the metabolite and antioxidatant capacity. The placenta also was collected to determine antioxidant capacity. Statistical analysis was performed with covariance analysis and one-way analysis of variance followed by a Duncan multiple range test with SPSS 21.0. The results showed that no difference was observed in litter size among all groups (P > 0.05), while the average piglet birth weight was improved in all treatments and the placental efficiency was increased in IMO+S group and IMO+S+L group compared with CON group (P < 0.05). IMO+S+L increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduced total cholesterol (TC) concentration in umbilical venous serum (P < 0.05). In addition, sows in all treatment groups had greater malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in umbilical venous serum compared with CON group (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of placenta was increased in IMO+L group and IMO+S+L group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of growth hormone (GH) in umbilical venous serum was improved (P < 0.05) in all treatments group. In conclusion, IMO and Bacillus supplementations during late gestation changed the lipid and protein metabolism of sows, improved the placental antioxidant capacity, increased GH levels in umbilical venous serum, ultimately improved the piglet birth weight and placental efficiency.
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Wang, Rikang, Weili Bao, Mouli Pal, Yunfeng Liu, Karina Yazdanbakhsh, and Hui Zhong. "Intermediate monocytes induced by IFN-γ inhibit cancer metastasis by promoting NK cell activation through FOXO1 and interleukin-27." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 10, no. 1 (January 2022): e003539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-003539.
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BackgroundCirculating monocytes are functionally heterogeneous and can be divided into classical (CMo), intermediate (IMo), and non-CMo/patrolling monocyte (PMo) subsets. CMo can differentiate into PMo through IMo. PMos have been shown to inhibit cancer metastasis but the role of IMo is unclear. To date, no strategy has been developed to inhibit cancer metastasis through enhancing PMo/IMo differentiation.MethodsWe screened multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines activity of modulating PMo/IMo associated cell markers expression using human monocyte in vitro culture system. We tested our candidate cytokine activity in vivo using multiple mice models. We identified critical key factors and cytokines for our candidate cytokine activity by using gene-knockout mice and neutralization antibodies.ResultsWe identified IFN-γ as a candidate inflammatory cytokine in the regulation of human IMo/PMo marker expression. Our in vivo data demonstrated that IMo expansion was induced by short-term (3 days) IFN-γ treatment through increasing CMo-IMo differentiation and blocking IMo-PMo differentiation. The IMo induced by IFN-γ (IFN-IMo), but not IFN-γ activated CMo (IFN-CMo), inhibited cancer metastasis by 90%. Surprizing, the effect of IFN-γ is greater in PMo deficiency mice, indicating the effect of IFN-IMo is not mediated through further differentiation into PMo. We also found that IFN-IMos induced by short-term IFN-γ treatment robustly boosted NK cell expansion for threefold and promoted NK differentiation and function through IL-27 and CXCL9. Furthermore, we identified that FOXO1, a key molecule controlling cellular energy metabolism, mediated the effect of IFN-γ induced IL-27 expression, and that NR4A1, a key molecule controlling PMo differentiation and inhibiting cancer metastasis, inhibited the pro-NK cell and anti-metastasis activity of IFN-IMo by suppressing CXCL9 expression.ConclusionsWe have discovered the antimetastasis and pro-NK cell activity of IFN-IMo, identified FOXO1 as a key molecule for IFN-γ driven monocyte differentiation and function, and found NR4A1 as an inhibitory molecule for IFN-IMo activity. Our study has not only shown novel mechanisms for a classical antitumor cytokine but also provided potential target for developing superior monocytic cell therapy against cancer metastasis.
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Ohne, Kiyoshi. "IMO-OPRC INFORMATION SYSTEM1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-779.
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ABSTRACT To facilitate response activities of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and its member states with respect to oil pollution in the Persian Gulf, the IMO Oil Pollution Co-ordination Centre (OPCC) was established in February 1991. During such operations and other relevant activities, it was recognized that databases on national contact points and the type of assistance member states could offer would be valuable and should be developed. In addition, the OPCC has developed other databases and utilized them when the OPCC responds to oil pollution emergencies and provides general advice concerning oil pollution preparedness and response to member states. These activities are related to some of the requirements assigned to IMO under the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990 (the OPRC Convention). The convention will enter into force on May 13, 1995.
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Yogananda, C. S. "IMO 1999 question paper." Resonance 4, no. 11 (November 1999): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02837328.
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Kidega, K., E. K. Ndyomugyenyi, and I. Okello-Uma. "Effect of indigenous micro-organism treatment of deep litter floor on nutrient content of pork." African Crop Science Journal 28, s1 (October 2, 2020): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i1.19s.
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Pork meat consumption and its products are constrained by high fat content, particularly high composition of saturated fatty acids. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of indigenous micro-organism (IMO) treatment of deep litter floor, on nutrient content in pork of pigs raised on IMO treated and untreated deep litter floor. Twenty four three-months old pigs (Large White x Landrace) were raised on deep litter floor; one floor type treated with IMO solution and the control not treated. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in the amount of saturated, mono-unsaturated, poly-unsaturated, cis, trans and omega-6, 7 and 9 fatty acids in pork of pigs raised on IMO treated and untreated deep litter floor; with more unsaturated fatty acids in pork of pigs raised on deep litter floor without IMO treatment (63%) than pigs kept on deep litter floor with IMO (37%). Therefore, deep litter floor treatment with IMO solution does not affect nutrient contents in pork, but enhances the composition of unsaturated fatty acids. Further research should be conducted on the mechanisms by which deep litter floor whether treated or untreated with IMO solution modifies fatty acids composition in pork.
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Zhong, Hui, Weili Bao, Yunfeng Liu, and Karina Yazdanbakhsh. "Inflammation Response Cytokines IFN-γ and IL-10 Regulate Monocyte Subset Differentiation." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129515.
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Circulating monocytes comprise of a heterogeneous and functionally-diverse cell population which based on surface markers can be divided into three subsets: classical (CMo), intermediate (IMo), and non-classical monocytes/patrolling monocytes (PMo). The frequency/number, gene expression profile and activity of IMo and PMo significantly change in a variety of inflammatory diseases with the changes associated with disease risk and severity as well as response to treatment. While it is believed that CMo differentiate into IMo and that IMo further differentiate into PMo, there is paucity of data on the mechanisms that alter CMo to IMo/PMo differentiation profiles in these conditions. In addition, factors which induce human and mouse IMo and PMo differentiation have yet to be identified. To screen cytokine/chemokine candidates affecting IMo/PMo differentiation, human monocytes were isolated from healthy donors (HD) and cultured with candidates (22 cytokines/chemokines) for 3 days. On day 3, IMo/PMo marker expression was examined by flow cytometry focusing on candidate molecules that led to increased expression of markers (CD16, CX3CR1, CD11c, HO-1, HLA-DR) whose levels are normally found to be higher in IMo/PMo and to decrease in expression of markers (CD14, CD36, CCR2) which are expressed at higher level in CMo as measured by mean fluorescence intension (MFI). We found that of all molecules tested, only two , IFN-γ and IL-10, had significant effects: IFN-γ (10ng/ml) increased expression of CX3CR1 (20 fold), CD16 (60%), HLADR (15%) and inhibited CD36 (42% inhibition) and CD14 expression (45% inhibition) while IL-10 (10ng/ml) increased CD16 (3.3 fold), CD11c (45%), HO-1 (59%) and CX3CR1 (6 fold) expression and inhibited CCR2 (60% inhibition) expression. These data suggest that IFN-γ and IL-10, two key cytokines involved in sterile and infectious inflammation, induce IMo and PMo differentiation. To test whether the effect of IFN-γ and IL-10 in human in vitro cultures can be replicated in vivo, wildtype B6 mice were I.V. injected with IFN-γ or IL-10 for 3 days: IFN-γ, IL-10, or the same volume of PBS. The frequencies of monocyte subsets in blood (gated on CD45+Ly6G-CD11bhighCD115+ for total monocyte population and CMo/IMo/PMo based on Ly6C expression level) on day 4 were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that IFN-γ (2.5μg/injection/mice twice/day) significantly increased IMo frequencies (from 12% to 35%) but decreased PMo frequencies (from 38% to 26%) while IL-10 (0.25μg/injection/mice twice/day) significantly induced PMo differentiation (from 38% to 63%) without effect on IMo frequencies. The data suggest that IFN-γ increases IMo frequency by simultaneously inducing CMo differentiation into IMo and inhibiting IMo differentiation into PMo. We have previously reported lower PMo frequency in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), considered an inflammatory disease with altered immune profiles. To test whether altered differentiation programming of IMo/PMo may contribute to reduced PMo frequency in SCD, we analyzed the frequency of CMo/IMo/PMo at baseline and after IFN-γ or IL-10 injection to mimic an inflammatory response in AA mice (expressing normal human hemoglobin) and SS mice (expressing human SCD hemoglobin). We found significantly lower IMo frequency before treatment (AA vs SS:15.0% vs 9.2%) but also lower induction of IMo following IFN-γ treatment in SS mice (18%) relative to AA mice (35%), suggesting that IFN-γ inhibition of IMo differentiation into PMo in SCD is impaired. Furthermore, IL-10 was less effective in inducing PMo in SS as compared to AA mice (SS vs AA: 40% vs 60%). These data suggest that IFN-γ or IL-10-mediated monocyte differentiation in SCD is altered. Altogether, these data have unraveled a novel role for IFN-γ or IL-10, two key cytokines known to be induced during an inflammatory response, in monocyte differentiation, and suggest that IMo/PMo differentiation in a chronic inflammatory disease such as SCD may be defective due to altered response to IFN-γ and IL-10, opening up the potential for identification of novel therapeutic targets for IMo/PMo associated diseases including SCD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Jung, Dawoon, and Robert Beckman. "Merchant Shipping during Global Health Pandemics: A Review of International Regulations." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 37, no. 1 (February 17, 2022): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10084.
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Abstract This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on the international regulation of merchant shipping. First, it provides an overview of the international regulatory framework established by the WHO, IMO and ILO to respond to the impact of global health emergencies on international merchant shipping. It then examines the responses of these organisations and the shipping industry to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on merchant shipping. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that global health emergencies require enhanced preparedness and response planning and cooperation between the IMO, WHO and ILO, which includes consultation and cooperation with global shipping associations and seafarers’ unions. The objective of the preparedness and response planning should be to keep maritime supply chains open while preventing the spread of infectious disease from ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore or shore-to-ship. Equally important, the enhanced cooperation at the global level must be matched by enhanced inter-agency cooperation at the national level.
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Lee, Gyeong Jin, and Tae-il Kim. "pH-Responsive i-motif Conjugated Hyaluronic Acid/Polyethylenimine Complexes for Drug Delivery Systems." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11050247.
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i-motif is cytosine (C)-rich oligonucleotide (ODN) which shows pH-responsive structure change in acidic condition. Therefore, it has been utilized for the trigger of intercalated drug release, responding to environmental pH change. In this study, 2.76 molecules of i-motif binding ODNs (IBOs) were conjugated to each hyaluronic acid (HA) via amide bond linkages. Synthesis of HA-IBO conjugate (HB) was confirmed by FT-IR and agarose gel electrophoresis with Stains-All staining. After hybridization of HB with i-motif ODN (IMO), it was confirmed that doxorubicin (DOX) could be loaded in HB-IMO hybrid structure (HBIM) with 65.6% of drug loading efficiency (DLE) and 25.0% of drug loading content (DLC). At pH 5.5, prompt and significant DOX release from HBIM was observed due to the disruption of HBIM hybrid structure via i-motif formation of IMO, contrary to pH 7.4 condition. Then, HBIM was complexed with low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI1.8k), forming positively charged nanostructures (Z-average size: 126.0 ± 0.4 nm, zeta-potential: 16.1 ± 0.3 mV). DOX-loaded HBIM/PEI complexes displayed higher anticancer efficacy than free DOX in A549 cells, showing the potential for pH-responsive anticancer drug delivery systems.
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Boukis, Achilleas, and Spiros Gounaris. "Linking IMO with employees' fit with their environment and reciprocal behaviours towards the firm." Journal of Services Marketing 28, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-03-2012-0056.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate the fit theory and the equity theory in order to stress the importance of retail supervisor's IMO adoption for enhancing contact employees' fit with their environment and for shaping positive employee extra-role behaviours towards their firm and their supervisor. Design/methodology/approach – A hierarchical research design is employed with evidence from 89 from retail store supervisors through personal interviews and 417 contact employees. Findings – This study contributes by suggesting IMO as a mechanism which can raise employees' fit with their organization and their supervisor. Another finding of this study lies on the role of IMO for positive employee-outcomes such as higher patronage and motivation to report service complaints. Research limitations/implications – Additional research is necessary to identify whether different individual characteristics and background influence employees' fit with their organization or their supervisor. The results presented in this study clearly suggest an important first step in understanding the importance of IMO adoption for employees' better fit with their environment. Practical implications – Considering that supervisor's level of IMO accounts for a significant portion of contact employees' IMO adoption, it is imperative that top management must first sell the organization itself especially to middle level managers before implementing an internal marketing program across the whole firm. As IMO increases employees' fit with their environment, this paper departs from the view that managers can mainly achieve “fit” into their organization and avoid misfit only by carefully attracting and selecting individuals. moreover, managers should take into account that IMO increases employees' willingness to report service complaints to their supervisor. Originality/value – This study is intended to be a key step in bringing internal marketing and fit research together while also formally including IMO into multilevel marketing research and providing an important shift for extant research by discussing how interpersonal interactions between different organizational groups shape IMO adoption. From a theoretical view, the paper extends fit theory by establishing IMO implementation as a key strategy for recovering or increasing employees' fit with their environment.
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Wang, D., D. Yu, E. R. Kandimalla, and S. Agrawal. "Antitumor activity of a synthetic agonist of TLR9 in preclinical lung cancer models." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2568.
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2568 Background: Synthetic agonists of TLR9 induce potent Th1-type innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we have studied antitumor activity of a synthetic agonist of TLR9 referred to as immune modulatory oligonucleotide (IMO) in lung cancer models either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Methods: Two different models are evaluated. In one model, mice implanted peritoneally with 3LL-C75 lung carcinoma cells were administered with IMO or PBS once in every two days for six times for evaluating antitumor activity of IMO alone. In a second model, to evaluate combination treatment of IMO with Gemcitabine or cyclophosphamide, mice bearing subcutaneously implanted 3LL tumor were administered with peritumoral injections of IMO and i.p. injections of Gemcitabine or cyclophosphamide. Results and Conclusions: Administration of IMO to mice bearing 3LL-C75 lung carcinoma inhibited tumor growth. Tumor free mice from this study failed to grow tumor when rechallenged with 3LL-C75 lung carcinoma cells, suggesting tumor bearing mice administered with IMO developed memory responses for the same tumor. Further more, naïve mice adoptively transferred with splenocytes obtained from mice that remained tumor free from the above treatment group failed to grow tumor to a rechallenge with 3LL-C75 tumor cells. The co-administration of IMO with chemotherapeutic agents, Gemcitabine and cyclophosphamide resulted in enhanced antitumor effects in 3LL lung cancer model. The present studies show potent antitumor activity of IMO when administered alone and in combination with Gemcitabine and cyclophosphamide in preclinical lung cancer models. [Table: see text]
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Beckman, Robert, and Zhen Sun. "The Relationship between unclos and imo Instruments." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 201–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00202003.
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The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos) is widely viewed as a “constitutive” instrument that provides a legal framework that is being filled in, rounded out and complemented by existing and subsequently enacted international agreements and customary international law. The International Maritime Organization (imo) is the preeminent international organization with competence to establish international rules and standards for the safety, security and environmental performance of international shipping. In other words, on matters relating to international shipping, unclos outlines the rights and obligations of States parties in various maritime zones that must be exercised and fulfilled through implementation instruments under the auspices of imo. This article will examine and discuss the relationship between unclos and imo instruments. First, it will provide an overview of imo, including its historical background, its mandates and structure, and the major instruments that are under its auspices. It will then look at the relationship between unclos and imo, and discuss how imo and its instruments have been incorporated into unclos. Furthermore, it will discuss the role of imo and its instruments in assisting States to exercise their rights and fulfil their obligations under unclos.
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Bekyashev, Damir, and Kamil Bekyashev. "RESULTS OF THE 31ST SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION'S ASSEMBLY AND INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW." Fisheries 2020, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2020-1-35-40.
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The article considers the legal status of IMO as a specialized UN agency and its structure. The competence and activities of the main IMO bodies are analyzed. The basic information on the most important conventions
and codes of the Organization is given. The main issues presented for discussion at the 31st session of the IMO Assembly are discussed in detail. Recommendations for the implementation of the 31st IMO Assembly session decisions in scope of Russian fishery complex is developed.
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Maniat, Milad, Amir Parviz Salati, Nasim Zanguee, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, and Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar. "Effects of Dietary Pediococcus acidilactici and Isomaltooligosaccharide on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense in Juvenile Common Carp." Aquaculture Nutrition 2023 (February 14, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1808640.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the synbiotic effects of Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) and isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) on the performance of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 360 fish ( 17.22 ± 0.19 g) were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates of 20 fish each. The trial continued for 8 weeks. The control group was fed only basal diet; PA was fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg (1010 CFU/kg) PA, IMO5 (5 g/kg IMO), IMO10 (10 g/kg IMO), PA-IMO5 (1 g/kg PA and 5 g/kg IMO), and PA-IMO10 (1 g/kg PA and 10 g/kg IMO). The results indicated that the diet containing 1 g/kg PA and 5 g/kg IMO significantly increased the fish growth performance and decreased the feed conversion ratio ( p < 0.05 ). Overall, blood biochemical parameters, serum (lysozyme, complements C3 and C4) and mucosal (protein, total immunoglobulin, and lysozyme) immune responses, and antioxidant defense of fish also improved in the PA-IMO5 group ( p < 0.05 ). Therefore, a combination of 1 g/kg (1010 CFU/kg) PA and 5 g/kg IMO can be recommended as a beneficial synbiotic additive and immunostimulant in juvenile common carp.
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Kerr, Adam J. "A Worldwide Database for Digital Nautical Charts." Journal of Navigation 48, no. 2 (May 1995): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012674.
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It is of historical interest that it was written instructions in the form of periplus, rather than the paper chart, that are recorded as providing the first form of document to guide marine navigators. Therefore perhaps the wheel has turned full circle when it is the digital information rather than the video display that may provide the basic guidance for the navigation of ships in the future. In 1986, when IMO and IHO set out to develop standards and specifications, it was decided that the product to be specified would have to be equivalent to the paper chart. In so doing they were following the guidance of the SOLAS Convention, which requires charts to be carried in Chapter V Regulation 20 and, in Chapter 1 Regulation 5, permits Administrations to substitute equivalents. Regulation V/20 does not state that the charts to be carried be paper but, until recently, it has been assumed that this is what is meant. What is explicit, is that the charts to be carried are to be ‘adequate, up-to-date and necessary for the intended voyage’. Following this guidance, the IMO/IHO Harmonizing Group attempted to specify an electronic system that would be equivalent to a printed paper document. This proved to be no easy task. It was extremely difficult to claim that an electronic system can be as durable and as generally reliable as a sheet of paper. What if the power breaks down? This and many other questions had to be answered before the standards would satisfy the members of IMO.
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Palikaris, Athanasios, and Athanasios K. Mavraeidopoulos. "Electronic Navigational Charts: International Standards and Map Projections." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040248.
Full textAbstract:
Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) are geospatial databases, compiled for the operational use of Electronic Chart Display and Information systems (ECDIS) according to strict technical specifications of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). ECDIS is a GIS system designed for marine navigation according to the relevant standards of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The international standards for ENCs and ECDIS, issued by the IHO and IMO, cover many aspects of the portrayal of ENCs in ECDIS but do not specify or recommend map projections. Consequently, in some cases, the unjustified employment of map projections by the manufacturers has caused certain functional drawbacks and inadequacies. This article reviews, evaluates and supplements the results of earlier studies on the selection of map projections for the depiction of ENCs in ECDIS and proposes a reasonable set of suitable projections with pertinent selection/implementation rules. These proposals took into consideration that ECDIS users (navigators) are not GIS experts or professional cartographers and consequently, the proposed election/implementation rules have to be simple and straightforward.
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Xa, Le Thi, and Nguyen Khoi Nghia. "Microbial diversity of Indigenous microorganism communities from different agri-ecosystems in Soc Trang province, Vietnam." ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.10.1.360.2020.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous microorganism (IMO) has great potential for agricultural uses since they have high ability in biodegradation, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, plant growth hormone production as well as bio-control. This study aimed to determine the presence of some different major groups of microbes in IMO from different agri-ecosystem habitats like bacteria, fungi, actinomyces, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, and Coliform. The presence of bacteria, actinomyces, and fungi of IMO samples was identified by 27F/1492R, 243F/1378R and ITS1F/ITS4R primers, respectively. Numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomyces were determined by the plate counting method on TSA, PDA and Starch media, respectively. The numbers of Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. were determined by the plate counting method on selective Salmonella and Shigella agar (SS agar) after incubation for 48 hours at 37oC while the density of Coliforms sp. and E.coli were counted by the Most Probable Number method (MPN). The results of the study showed that 3 major groups of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and actinomyces in 14 collected IMO samples were detected genetically. Moreover, bacterial numbers were dominated and ranged from 106 to 109 cfu/g IMO samples while the density of fungi and actinomyces were lower and varied from 105 to 107 cfu/g IMO sample. Interestingly, all surveyed IMO samples did not contain any human disease pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Coliforms and E. coli. These results imply that collected IMO contains a high diversity of major groups of microbes and can be used as safe bio-stimulants for clean vegetable production.
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Lentz, Sally Ann. "THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH AND THE IMO." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-667.
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ABSTRACT The International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) is developing guidelines on the implementation of the “precautionary approach” in the work of IMO, as set out in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21. This paper provides an introduction to the precautionary approach as it has been developed in international law. Second, proposals before MEPC to apply the precautionary approach are discussed, including a framework for decision making within IMO. An example is provided of how such a framework would be applied in practice to an actual issue before the IMO.
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Aladwani, Talal. "International Maritime Organisation Conventions as Incorporated under Kuwaiti Law." Arab Law Quarterly 33, no. 4 (August 15, 2019): 360–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12334022.
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Abstract The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is part of the UN entities. IMO Conventions focus on the human and technical aspects of shipping, including safety. Kuwait has ratified not only key IMO Conventions, but also other widely covered conventions in the fields of safety of life at sea, safe navigation, prevention of marine pollution, and third-party liability and compensation for maritime claims. This article is an attempt to address briefly the ratified conventions and their implementation (or effectiveness) under Kuwaiti law. Matters such as whether it is essential to incorporate new IMO Conventions and their amendments into Kuwaiti law will be considered.
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Lost-Siemińska, Dorota. "Reforma Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej." Gdańskie Studia Prawnicze, no. 3(55) (September 15, 2022): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/gsp.2022.3.01.
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Międzynarodowa Organizacja Morska (International Maritime Organization – IMO) jest agendą wyspecjalizowaną Narodów Zjednoczonych. Przez ponad sześćdziesiąt lat funkcjonowania, IMO przechodziła wiele reform. W ramach IMO tworzona jest międzynarodowa legislacja morska, mająca za przedmiot m.in. sprawy bezpieczeństwa morskiego i zapobiegania zanieczyszczaniu morza przez statki. Zmiany, które dokonały się w przemyśle żeglugowym na przestrzeni kilku dziesięcioleci, również zmiany w układzie sił na świecie oraz potrzeba przykładania coraz większej wagi do skutecznej ochrony środowiska, w tym środowiska morskiego, nieprzerwanie wywierają istotny wpływ na funkcjonowanie, a w konsekwencji, na reformę Organizacji. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych kwestii związanych z reformą IMO.
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Graessler, J., R. Kvetnansky, D. Jezova, M. Dobrakovova, and G. R. Van Loon. "Prior immobilization stress alters adrenal hormone responses to hemorrhage in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): R661—R667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.3.r661.
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The effect of prior immobilization stress (IMO) on the plasma epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CS) responses to acute hemorrhage was studied in conscious male rats with chronic catheters in tail artery, using two combinations of IMO and hemorrhage. IMO per se led to significant increases of EPI, NE, ACTH, and CS in all animals. Hemorrhage of 25% of estimated blood volume (EBV) performed immediately after 150 min IMO caused exaggerated release of EPI and NE, whereas CS remained unchanged at the level previously elevated by IMO. ACTH response to initial blood loss of 12.5% was diminished in previously immobilized rats. Hemorrhage of 35% EBV after 60 min IMO and a 10-min recovery period also resulted in potentiated increases in EPI and NE, suppressed ACTH secretion, and no further change in stress-elevated CS concentration. No differences between groups were observed in relative mean arterial blood pressure, plasma protein, and lactate responses to 35% hemorrhage. Posthemorrhagic increase of plasma concentration of several tissue enzyme activities was significantly higher in prestressed rats. Furthermore, 24-h mortality rate increased by 49%. In summary, our results indicate that prior IMO potentiated activation of the sympathoadrenomedullary system and suppressed ACTH response to subsequent hemorrhage. Altered neuroendocrine responsiveness and stress-induced prehemorrhagic tissue damage may play roles in the increased susceptibility of the organism to blood loss.
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Jiang, Weiwen, Fugang Zhu, Jimmy Tang, Ekambar Kandimalla, Nicola La Monica, and Sudhir Agrawal. "IMO-8400, a novel TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 antagonist, inhibits disease development in mouse models of psoriasis (119.8)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 119.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.119.8.
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Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLR) are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. The role of TLR7 and TLR9 in psoriasis is well established and TLR8 may also contribute to this disease. Blocking the activation of these receptors through a TLR antagonist represents a novel approach to the treatment of psoriasis. We have developed IMO-8400, a synthetic DNA compound that inhibits TLR7-, TLR8-, and TLR9-mediated immune responses in cell-based assays. Additionally, following subcutaneous administration in non-human primates, it suppresses ex-vivo immune responses mediated through these receptors. IMO-8400 was evaluated in preclinical mouse models of psoriasis, induced by IL-23 cytokine or antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Psoriasis-like skin lesions were induced in the ear of C57BL/6 mice by intradermal injection of IL-23 or LL37. Injected mice were treated with subcutaneous administration of IMO-8400. Mice were euthanized at end of study and tissue samples were taken for histological examination. Increase in ear thickness was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with IMO-8400. Reduction in epidermal hyperplasia and infiltrating leukocytes was observed in sample tissues. Treatment with IMO-8400 was associated with elevation of serum IL-10 levels. IMO-8400 can effectively suppress lesion development in these psoriasis models. IMO-8400 has potential as a novel agent for the treatment of psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases.
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Francescucci, Anthony, Stephan C. Henneberg, and Peter Naudé. "Scale development for the inter-firm market orientation concept." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-09-2016-0225.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a scale for inter-firm market orientation (IMO) based on an original conceptualization by Elg (2008). Building on the MARKOR scale, the IMO scale is introduced to better understand the market orientation efforts that occur within business relationships. Design/methodology/approach After establishing a conceptualization of IMO, an initial list of scale items is developed by adapting the original MARKOR scale. Several phases of qualitative pre-tests have been conducted with both academic experts and several manufacturer and reseller partner executives to assess the applicability and clarity of the measurement instrument. Using a quantitative survey design, the measurement instrument has been validated by relationship partner managers from both manufacturer and reseller companies. Findings The results of the analysis reveal that IMO is a second-order formative construct consisting of two first-order reflective constructs termed joint intelligence cooperation and joint customer responsiveness. Practical implications The operationalization of IMO suggests to manufacturers and their partners that the market intelligence cooperation efforts between them should be more focused on intelligence about the end users and less on general market trends. Further, the customer responsiveness efforts between the partners tend to be more reactive in nature, unlike the proactive stance in intra-firm market orientation. Originality/value The paper extends the notion of focal firms’ market orientation to IMO, which exists between partners in business relationships, and does so by developing a conceptualization and measurement instrument for IMO. This newly developed construct and scale can be used in future research to explore in greater depth the interplay between IMO and firm performance.
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Trnečková, Lenka, Pavel Šída, Sixtus Hynie, Ivan Krejčí, Zdeněk Hliňák, and Věra Klenerová. "Effects of Two Types of Restraint Stress on the Spontaneous Behaviour in Rats." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 47, no. 3 (2004): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2018.87.
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Our previous findings suggested the existence of stressor-specific behavioural and cognitive responses in rats. In the present study, restraint stressor (immobilization, IMO) and restraint stressor combined with partial immersion of rats into water (IMO+C) were applied for 1 hour to Wistar male rats and their spontaneous behaviour was examined in the open field test. The classic behavioural parameters were recorded: crossing, rearing, and resting. When tested 1 and 4 hours after IMO+C, animals exhibited strong suppression of locomotor and exploratory activity (crossing and rearing); partial inhibition of both behavioural variables was found after IMO. Thus, substantial differences were observed in dependence on the length of period between the end of stressor application and the start of testing. In testing performed one week later, the locomotor and exploratory activity levels of both IMO and IMO+C animals corresponded to the control ones. These data suggest a differential behavioural response to both used stressors that may result from their different proportion of psychical and physical components. In conclusion, our results provide other data for the support of differential effects of two types of restraint stressors on spontaneous behaviour of animals exposed to a novel environment.
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Martí, Octavi, Rosa Andrés, and Antonio Armario. "Defective ACTH response to stress in previously stressed rats: dependence on glucocorticoid status." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): R869—R877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.r869.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of previous exposure to stress on the pituitary-adrenal response to a further stress was characterized in rats with different glucocorticoid status: sham-operated rats (Sham), adrenalectomized (ADX) rats, and ADX rats supplemented with a low corticosterone (B) dose in the drinking saline (ADX + B). Previous exposure of Sham rats to 1 h of immobilization (Imo) reduced, 2 h later, the ACTH response to a second severe stressor (Imo) but not to a less severe stressor (tail shock). In ADX rats, previous Imo totally suppressed the ACTH response to Imo or to shock. In ADX + B rats the response to shock was blocked and that to Imo tended to be lower. These changes were not explained by depletion of adenohypophysial ACTH stores. After previous Imo, reduced response to corticotropin-releasing factor was observed in Sham and ADX + B, but not in ADX, rats. Taken together, the present results suggest that the reduced ACTH response of previously stressed rats to a second severe stress is observed in the presence and absence of glucocorticoids, but the main site at which such inhibition occurs might be critically dependent on the glucocorticoid status.
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Izzah, Nur Kholilatul, and NFN Reflinur. "Pemilihan Tetua Persilangan pada Kubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) melalui Analisis Keragaman Genetik [Parental Line Selection in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) through Genetic Diversity Analysis]." Jurnal Hortikultura 28, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v28n1.2018.p33-40.
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<p>Kubis (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Untuk meningkatkan hasil panen kubis tiap tahunnya perlu didukung oleh tersedianya varietas unggul yang tahan penyakit, terutama penyakit busuk hitam dan akar gada yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Metode yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk merakit varietas unggul adalah melalui persilangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih kombinasi tetua persilangan yang ideal pada tanaman kubis melalui analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan marka SSR (<em>Simple Sequence Repeats</em>). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Mei 2013 di laboratorium Functional Crop Genomics and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Korea Selatan menggunakan 16 genotipe kubis yang diperoleh dari perusahaan benih Joeun, Korea Selatan. Keragaman genetik 16 genotipe kubis dianalisis menggunakan 35 marka SSR polimorfik, dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk menentukan keragaman genetik berdasarkan metode UPGMA. Nilai jarak genetik antar genotipe diperoleh berdasarkan rumus 1-nilai kesamaan genetik. Hasil analisis keragaman genetik membagi 16 genotipe kubis menjadi dua kelompok heterotik utama pada nilai kesamaan genetik 65,2%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis keragaman genetik dan nilai jarak genetik diperoleh empat kombinasi tetua persilangan ideal, yaitu genotipe IMO-03 vs IMO-08 (nilai jarak genetik 43%) dan IMO-03 vs IMO-10 (nilai jarak genetik 39%) untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap penyakit busuk hitam, serta genotipe IMO-18 vs IMO-10 dan IMO-17 vs IMO-10 dengan nilai jarak genetik masing-masing 45% dan 44% untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap penyakit akar gada. Keempat kombinasi tetua tersebut dipilih karena terletak pada kelompok heterotik berbeda serta mempunyai nilai jarak genetik yang jauh sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan peluang heterosis pada progeni yang dihasilkan.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>; Genotipe; Keragaman genetik; Kubis; Pemilihan tetua</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Cabbage (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>) is one of vegetable that has high economic value. The availability of high-yielding varieties that are resistant to some diseases, particularly black rot and clubroot disease is needed in order to increase cabbage yield per year. The method which can be applied to assemble new varieties is through crossbreeding program. The objective of this research was to select the ideal combination of parental lines in cabbage through analysis of genetic diversity by using SSR markers (Simple Sequence Repeats). The research was conducted from February to May 2013 in the laboratory of Crop Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, South Korea using 16 cabbage genotypes obtained from Joeun seed company, South Korea. The genetic diversity of 16 cabbage genotypes were analyzed using 35 polymorphic SSR markers, and then used to determine the genetic diversity based on UPGMA method. Meanwhile, genetic distance value among cabbage genotypes obtained by the formula of 1-value genetic similarity. The results of genetic diversity analysis divided 16 cabbage genotypes into two main heterotic groups at genetic similarity value of 65.2%. Based on the results of genetic diversity analysis and genetic distance value, we selected four combinations of ideal parental lines, namely genotype IMO-03 vs IMO-08 (genetic distance value of 43%) and IMO-03 vs IMO-10 (genetic distance value of 39%) for black rot disease resistance character, as well as genotype IMO-18 vs IMO-10 and IMO-17 vs IMO-10 with genetic distance value of 45% and 44%, respectively for club root disease resistance character. These four parental lines combination were selected as ideal parental combinations due to they were located on a different heterotic groups and has high genetic distance value, which is expected to increase the chances of heterosis in their progeny.</p>
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Khanal, S., S. Mishra, and L. Dhakal. "PERFORMANCE OF MANURE DERIVED FROM KITCHEN WASTES USING EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS (EM) AND INDIGENOUS MICROORGANISMS (IMO) TECHNOLOGY ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) AT BIRATNAGAR, NEPAL." Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 2, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.01.2020.19.23.
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An experiment was conducted at Biratnagar, Nepal in completely randomized block design to study the effect of effective microorganisms (EM) and indeginous microorganisms (IMO) along with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) on the growth and yield parameters of okra (variety: Arka Anamika). The 6 treatments viz. control, EM enriched manure, IMO enriched manure, RDF, RDF+EM, RDF+IMO and control were replicated thrice. The study showed that indeginous microorganisms when incorporated with recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (RDF+IMO) can produce best result in terms of yield and economic return. Rigorous study in multi location and more crops is suggested to develop an integrated nutrient management plan and household waste management.
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Yasmin, M., M. A. Rahman, F. S. Shikha, M. S. Rahman, J. Rahman, and R. Sultan. "EFFECT OF BIOCHAR AND VERMICOMPOST AS AN ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENT IN SWEET ORANGE." Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 2, no. 2 (September 9, 2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.02.2020.24.27.
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An experiment was conducted at Biratnagar, Nepal in completely randomized block design to study the effect of effective microorganisms (EM) and indeginous microorganisms (IMO) along with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) on the growth and yield parameters of okra (variety: Arka Anamika). The 6 treatments viz. control, EM enriched manure, IMO enriched manure, RDF, RDF+EM, RDF+IMO and control were replicated thrice. The study showed that indeginous microorganisms when incorporated with recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (RDF+IMO) can produce best result in terms of yield and economic return. Rigorous study in multi location and more crops is suggested to develop an integrated nutrient management plan and household waste management.
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Green, Ben. "Ramsey Theory and the IMO." Mathematical Gazette 86, no. 506 (July 2002): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3621841.
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Siu, Man Keung. "Does Society Need IMO Medalists?" Journal of Humanistic Mathematics 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/jhummath.201701.18.
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Leary, David. "8. International Maritime Organization (IMO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs061.
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Leary, David. "8. International Maritime Organization (IMO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs133.
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Leary, D. "8. International Maritime Organization (IMO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvu052.
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Leary, David. "8. International Maritime Organization (IMO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 26 (2015): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvw069.
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Leary, David. "8. International Maritime Organization (IMO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 27 (January 1, 2016): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvx065.
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Leary, David. "8. International Maritime Organization (IMO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 28 (January 1, 2017): 480–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvy069.
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