Academic literature on the topic 'Impact and frequency of parent-adolescent conflict'

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of family communication patterns (FCPs) on adolescents’ choice of conflict resolution strategies during family holiday planning. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is framed by and builds on the literature on the adolescents’ choice of conflict resolution strategies and the FCP. The sample was collected using a survey among 400 adolescents in India. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling have been used to analyse the data. Findings – The paper provides a significant relationship between FCP and the choice of conflict resolution strategies. The study findings suggested that adolescents’ choice of resolution strategy depends on the type of communication environment in the family. It has been seen that adolescents have more say in concept-oriented families and use different types of resolution strategies compared to socio-oriented families. Practical implications – The present study has considerable implications for the marketers and the academicians. Through FCP, marketers will be able to segment the families and, hence, may introduce efficient and competent marketing strategies and promotional campaigns. Originality/value – The paper offers insights into the choice of conflict resolution strategy by adolescents’ in different FCPs. The study has originality and offers value to marketers as it focuses on adolescents, and explores their perceptions about their influence during the decision process.

Parent-adolescent conflicts are examined as a function of parental rule construction, use of reason at points of disagreement, and regulation of personal, moral, conventional, and prudential social domains. Multiple regression analyses of interviews with mothers, fathers, and adolescents revealed that, across all perspectives, variations in parental use of reason explain unique variance in conflict frequency above and beyond rule construction or regulation of domains. Furthermore, based on mothers' reports about their parenting and adolescents' reports of their mothers, the domains mothers regulate do not explain unique variance in conflict frequency but fathers' reports about their parenting and adolescents' reports of their fathers do. Differences in parents' and adolescents' perspectives are examined and it is concluded that content and form of parenting are both important in explaining conflict in differential ways between mother-adolescent and father-adolescent dyads.

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to compare whether children from polygamous family structures significantly differ from children from monogamous family structures with regard to the frequency of parent-child conflict, and (2) whether children from these two structures employ different patterns of family conflict resolution.To address these questions, a random sample of 212 high school students (60.8% monogamous) completed a self-administered survey. The results of MANOVA show no significant differences (p > 0.05) between these two structures with regard to the frequency of parent-child conflict. The results also show similar conflict management styles between these two family structures within each of the following five domains (privacy, school and career, money spending, going out and leisure, and physical appearance).This study is unique in that it is the first empirical research to be conducted in the field of conflict resolution among youth and adolescents in polygamous marital structures and therefore, further investigation is needed to replicate these results utilizing different cross-cultural populations practicing polygamy.

AbstractWe observed gendered coping strategies and conflict resolution outcomes used by adolescents and parents during a conflict discussion task to evaluate associations with current and later adolescent psychopathology. We studied 137 middle- to upper-middle-class, predominantly Caucasian families of adolescents (aged 11–16 years, 65 males) who represented a range of psychological functioning, including normative, subclinical, and clinical levels of problems. Adolescent coping strategies played key roles both in the extent to which parent–adolescent dyads resolved conflict and in the trajectory of psychopathology symptom severity over a 2-year period. Gender-prototypic adaptive coping strategies were observed in parents but not youth, (i.e., more problem solving by fathers than mothers and more regulated emotion-focused coping by mothers than fathers). Youth–mother dyads more often achieved full resolution of conflict than youth–father dyads. There were generally not bidirectional effects among youth and parents’ coping across the discussion except boys’ initial use of angry/hostile coping predicted fathers’ angry/hostile coping. The child was more influential than the parent on conflict resolution. This extended to exacerbation/alleviation of psychopathology over 2 years: higher conflict resolution mediated the association of adolescents’ use of problem-focused coping with decreases in symptom severity over time. Lower conflict resolution mediated the association of adolescents’ use of angry/hostile emotion coping with increases in symptom severity over time. Implications of findings are considered within a broadened context of the nature of coping and conflict resolution in youth–parent interactions, as well as on how these processes impact youth well-being and dysfunction over time.

Previous studies have shown mixed results regarding families’ cell phone use and family outcomes. Some research has shown that mobile devices might isolate family members, but families in other studies report higher levels of closeness because they can reach one another more often. This study looks at parents’ and adolescents’ motivations for mobile communication as mediators of the link between cell phone use and relational closeness. We analyzed data from 504 parent–child dyads regarding the frequency of and reasons for their mobile communication, as well as their perceptions of closeness to one another. Our results indicate that relation-centric uses of mobile devices (e.g., expressing support, handling conflict) are predictive of feelings of closeness. On the other hand, more functional uses (e.g., coordinating schedules, sharing content) do not predict closeness. These findings are discussed within the context of family life cycle positions and adolescent development.

This study examined adolescent–parent conflict among 188 5th-, 7th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade Chinese adolescents, 93 from Hong Kong and 95 from Shenzhen, PRC. Individually interviewed Chinese adolescents reported disagreements with parents over everyday issues, primarily choice of activities, schoolwork, interpersonal relationships, and chores. Conflicts were relatively few in number, moderate in frequency, and mild in intensity, and across contexts, conflicts were more intense in early adolescence (5th and 7th grades) than in late adolescence (12th grade). There were more conflicts over chores and interpersonal relationships in Hong Kong than in Shenzhen and more conflicts over schoolwork in Shenzhen than in Hong Kong, particularly among 7th and 12th graders. As expected, adolescents primarily justified conflicts, particularly conflicts over choice of activities and homework, by appealing to personal jurisdiction, and across contexts, personal reasoning increased with age. Conflicts were resolved primarily by giving in to parents, although adolescents desired more autonomy in decision making than they reported having. Although adolescent–parent conflict among Chinese youth appears to reflect the development of adolescent autonomy, culturally specific processes influence its expression.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent compulsive buying behaviour. Using a sample of 300 adolescents (15-18 years) in India and the structural equation modelling technique, the findings reveal that self-esteem mediates the relationship between parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent compulsive buying behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – The present study is the first to experimentally manipulate important parent-adolescent relationship and measures its impact on compulsive buying among a sample of 15-18-year old adolescents. Next, the authors investigate the mediating role of self-esteem for the above relationship. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling have been used in the study. Findings – The study also establishes that familial conflict and cohesion acts as major sources of adolescent compulsivity. The authors have also examined the mediating role of self-esteem on the above relationships and found that adolescents’ compulsivity varies with the level of self-esteem (i.e. higher level of self-esteem leads to lower levels of adolescents’ compulsivity). The practical and theoretical implications are discussed within the context of adolescents’ compulsivity. Originality/value – The study makes some inimitable and significant contributions to the literature. It portrays one of few studies to investigate compulsive buying during adolescence period – a hard to reach population. Here authors experimentally manipulate parent-adolescent relationship to investigate its impact on compulsive buying. The study’s findings in regard to mediating effect of self-esteem on the parent-adolescent relationship and adolescents’ compulsive buying behaviour suggest that compulsive buying begins during adolescence period and is a common coping strategy for both boys and girls.

Abstract PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoxemia are common in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and some degree of improvement has been reported following adenotonsillectomy(Finch et al., 2013). NOT and continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) have shown some benefits in children and adolescent patients(Hargrave, 2003). While NOT and CPAP are offered to children with or without co-morbidities, there are concerns about acceptability and safety(Makani et al., 2009). The data on patient preference is limited in childhood and more so for those with SCD. To achieve optimal adherence to therapy in SCD, Auto-Adjusting Positive Airways Pressure (APAP), where airway pressure is delivered only when obstruction occurs, may be a more acceptable option than CPAP(Marshall et al., 2009). Therefore prior to designing Phase II and III trials that are adequately powered, this study sought to: i) identify parent/caregiver and child treatment preference; ii) assess whether parent/caregiver or child should manage the electronic pain diary; iii) assess any treatment effect on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in children; and iv) explore the relationship of treatment adherence to: a) experience of pain, and b) overall clinical benefit from the intervention. HYPOTHESES: 1. Treatment adherence of children or adults with would be directly related a) HRQOL quantitative measures, and b) improvement in symptoms reported through semi-structured interviews of patients; 2. Children >8 years would be able to record their experience of pain in an appropriate electronic pain diary; 3. Treatment adherence would be predictive of effect on pain frequency. METHOD: We utilised mixed-methods to explore the primary endpoint of patient experience of treatment intervention, and the secondary endpoint of pain, in a sample of 11 children (aged >8 years) with homozygous SCD. The statistician was blinded to order of intervention. Two interventions NOT and APAP were conducted for one week each in randomized order, with a washout week between interventions. Qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews with children and their parents/caregivers conducted by a research psychologist using content method of analysis; quantitative measures were explored employing the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQL)(Panepinto et al., 2013) including the sickle module. All analyses were preliminary, exploratory and mainly descriptive. The secondary endpoint of pain was captured utilizing a pain rating scale and symptom assessment on smart technology via an iPad(Jacob et al., 2012). Other secondary outcomes included adverse events, daytime oxygen saturation, and lung function.. All variables were reported for three time points: baseline, post-intervention 1 and post-intervention 2. RESULTS: Analysis of interviews between children and parents/caregivers revealed similarities in expectations prior to treatment, and variations in post-study perception of treatment. Parents/caregivers and children emphasised impact on other family members, practical concerns and challenges as objective criteria for treatment preference, while children additionally emphasized night time positive/negative sensory experiences: e.g. airflow, dreams, breathing, sound, as influences for treatment preference. Belief that treatment is beneficial only for children with breathing difficulties emerged as an influence on both expectation and perception of positive benefits. In 7 children for whom APAP adherence data were available, pain was noted after 3 nights with a median adherence of 5.23 (range 4.0-6.1) hours and was not noted after 38 nights with a median adherence of 8.03 (range 3.21-10.19) hours (p=0.2). For 4 children with pain recorded on 2, 2, 2 and 4 days in the pre-treatment week, 3 recorded no pain on APAP and the child with 4 days pre-treatment recorded 2 days on APAP. CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal some variation in approaches toward treatment preferences between parents/caregivers and children, and supports an inclusive approach to facilitate appropriate treatment choice. Adherence data are not available for oxygen but there is some evidence for reduction in pain in relation to APAP adherence. This trial will contribute to understanding in participant feasibility and acceptability for therapeutic intervention. Research results will be used to inform design of the Phase II and III trials. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The current study aimed to test the direct and indirect effects of acculturation on the psychological well-being among the adolescent children of Asian origin. Subgroup analysis was conducted to compare these effects between Asian refugee and non-refugee children. Data were from the follow-up survey of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS). The analytic sample included adolescents from Asian refugee families (N = 563) and non-refugee families (N = 779). Adolescent acculturation was assessed by three proxy measures: nativity, time in the United States, and U.S. preference. Family dynamics were measured by adolescents’ perceptions about parent-child conflict and family cohesion. Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings suggested that the direct effects of acculturation on psychological well-being were dependent upon the proxy measure of acculturation and the immigration type. Mediation analyses showed that higher level of acculturation was generally related to higher parent-child conflict and lower family cohesion, which, in turn, were associated with lower psychological well-being in the refugee subsample, but not the non-refugee subsample. Our findings call for programs that can take advantage of the protective role of family cohesion and reduce the negative impact of parent-child conflict. Special attention needs to be paid to the refugee population from Asia.

Sommaire Cette thèse examine les liens entre la présence de risques suicidaires chez les adolescents et leur perception des pratiques de chacun de leurs parents. L’étude a examiné l’association entre le comportement suicidaire et différents aspects des pratiques parentales incluant l’affection, l’exercice du contrôle comportemental et psychologique ainsi que les conflits entre parent et adolescents. La thèse a également examiné l’effet du statut matrimonial des parents sur le comportement suicidaire chez les jeunes. Le dernier objectif de l’étude a été d’explorer le rôle du sexe de l’adolescent comme facteur de vulnérabilité face au suicide. L’échantillon de l’étude était composé 1096 adolescents Montréalais, âgés de 11 à 18 ans. L’échantillon était également réparti entre filles et garçons, fréquentant deux écoles secondaires de la région de Montréal, dans la province du Québec au Canada. Il y avait deux groupes à l’étude : le groupe suicidaire et le groupe non-suicidaire. Le premier groupe incluait les sujets présentant des idéations suicidaires et ceux ayant fait une ou plusieurs tentatives de suicide. Un questionnaire auto-rapporté fut administré à chaque sujet pour évaluer les dimensions suivantes auprès de la mère et du père : le niveau de proximité affective, le niveau de supervision parentale, le contrôle comportemental et le contrôle psychologique, la tolérance à l’égard des amis, ainsi que la fréquence et l’impact émotionnel des conflits. Une échelle a également évalué la présence éventuelle de comportements suicidaires chez les jeunes. Dans le but de tester l’hypothèse de base de l’étude, une série d’analyses descriptives et une MANCOVA ont été réalisées. L’hypothèse générale de la thèse postulant que les adolescents ayant des risques suicidaires présenteraient des relations plus problématiques avec leurs parents fut confirmée. En contrôlant l’effet de la détresse psychologique des adolescents, les analyses ont mené à la conclusion que, dans les familles biparentales, un faible niveau de proximité affective avec la mère, une fréquence plus élevée de conflits avec la mère, un excès du contrôle psychologique et un plus faible niveau de supervision maternelle, présentaient des liens significatifs avec le comportement suicidaire chez les adolescents. Indépendamment de la structure familiale, les caractéristiques suivantes du père étaient respectivement perçues par l’adolescent comme ayant des liens significatifs avec le comportement suicidaire des adolescents: faible proximité affective, impact émotionnel et fréquence élevée des conflits ainsi que le manque de supervision. Ces résultats ont été interprétés à la lumière des théories de la socialisation qui mettent l’accent sur le rôle central de la qualité des liens affectifs entre parents et adolescents, comme facteur de protection contre les risques suicidaires. Les résultats ont aussi révélé que les filles adolescentes sont plus exposées aux risques suicidaires tels que tentatives et idéations suicidaires. Les conclusions de cette étude soulignent le besoin urgent de recherches plus poussées sur le comportement suicidaire des adolescents et leurs liens avec les facteurs familiaux, en tenant compte du statut matrimonial des parents. La thèse met également l’accent sur la nécessité de mettre en place des programmes de prévention auprès des adolescents présentant des risques suicidaires élevés.
Abstract This thesis explores the relationship between the risk of suicidal behaviour in adolescents and their perception of parental practices used in their families. This study is primarily aimed at investigating the association between suicidal behavior in a Montreal sample of adolescents and several aspects of their parents’ parental practices including parent-child bonding, parental psychological and behavioral control, and parent- adolescent conflict. The second goal of this thesis was to examine the effect of parents’ marital status on adolescents’ suicidal behavior. The final objective of this study was to explore the link between gender difference and vulnerability to suicidal behavior in adolescents. The participants of this study included 1096 Montréal high school students, aged between 11 and 18 years, equally divided in boys and girls, in the province of Québec, Canada. There were two groups involved in this study: non suicidal and suicidal behavior. The suicidal behavior group included both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt behaviors. A self-report questionnaire was administrated to evaluate the level of parent and child bonding, the quality of parental psychological and behavioral control, and the level of adolescent’s conflict with each of the parents and risk of suicide in young individuals. A series of descriptive analysis and a multivariate analysis of covariant (MANCOVA) was performed in order to test the hypotheses of the study. The general hypotheses of the study postulating that adolescents who perceived a more troubled relationship with their parents, were at a higher risk of suicidal behaviors were confirmed. The evaluation of parental practices characteristics after being controlled for psychological distress and family structure concluded that in the case of intact families the high emotional impact and frequency of conflict with the mother, lack of maternal emotional bonding, excess of maternal psychological control, and lack of maternal supervision are significantly related to adolescents’ suicidal behaviors. In both families structures, the strongest significant characteristics of paternal parental practices perceived by adolescents with suicidal behavior was the lack of emotional bonding between father and child, the high impact and frequency of conflict between them, and lack of paternal supervision respectively. These results are interpreted in the light of socialization theory which emphasizes on the crucial role of the quality of the parent- adolescent bonding as a protective factor against suicidality in adolescents. The result also revealed that adolescent girls are at a higher risk of demonstrating suicidal behaviors such as ideation and attempt than boys. The findings of this study demonstrate an urgent need for more research on adolescent’s suicidal behavior and risk factors especially on parents’ marital status. The study also highlights the necessity of designing prevention programs specifically aimed at adolescents with an elevated risk of suicide.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
心理學研究所
102
According to Bandura, self-efficacy is beneficial to an individual''s adaption and performance. It attains one’s expected view, behavior, and performance through the control of situations. Conflict resolution self-efficacy plays a key role in the proper handling of conflicts. However, majority of the existing empirical studies on parent-child conflict had primarily focused on parental efficacy and had minority on the child’s conflict resolution self-efficacy. Therefore, the first purpose of this study is to examine the possible associations between parent-child conflict frequency and satisfaction level as moderated by adolescent conflict resolution self-efficacy. The second goal of the study is to investigate of gender differences between mother and father regarding the buffering effects of adolescent conflict resolution self-efficacy. The research recruited 649 high school students as its participants. The results showed that: (1) Regardless of with the mother or father, parent-child conflicts have had negative impacts on adolescent’s satisfaction level of the parent-child relationship. (2) Adolescents with a higher level of conflict resolution self-efficacy are more likely to perceive conflict with a positive opportunity and put more effort in maintaining a harmonious parent-child relationship. (3) In the mother-child conflict condition, it was found that adolescent conflict resolution self-efficacy could moderate the negative effect of conflict frequency on adolescent’s satisfaction level, but in father-child conflict condition, there was no significant moderating effect of the adolescent conflict resolution self-efficacy on the relationship between conflict frequency and the adolescent’s satisfaction level of the relationship.