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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Impact-echo testing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Impact-echo testing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Impact-echo testing"

1

Gucunski, Nenad, Greg Slabaugh, Zhe Wang, Tong Fang, and Ali Maher. "Impact Echo Data from Bridge Deck Testing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2050, no. 1 (January 2008): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2050-11.

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Kee, Seong-Hoon, and Nenad Gucunski. "Interpretation of Flexural Vibration Modes from Impact-Echo Testing." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 22, no. 3 (September 2016): 04016009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000291.

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Zhou, Chang Sheng, Ping Wang, Zhi Peng Hu, and Hao Zhu. "Numerical Simulation of Impact-Echo Method Identify the Depth of Honeycomb Damage in Unballasted Track." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 2060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.2060.

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Through the honeycomb damage that is appear in unballasted track will affect the safe operation of high-speed train, accurate detection of honeycomb damage is very important. Impact-echo method is a non-destructive testing method. Based on the principle of impact echo, author using the finite element software ANSYS LS-DYNA3D to simulate the impact-echo, testing and verifying the feasibility and accuracy of impact-echo method in discerning unballasted track damage. By analyzing the calculated result of honeycomb damage in slab track and double-block ballastless track, it is shows that: according to back calculate the depth of damage base on the peak value in acceleration spectrum graph, the honeycomb damage in different depth can be accurate located.

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Carbol, Ladislav, Jan Martinek, and Daniela Štefková. "Correct Choice of Maximum Length Sequence in Nondestructive Testing." Advanced Materials Research 1124 (September 2015): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.280.

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Maximum Length Sequence has great potential as testing signal in non-destructive testing. Because its autocorrelation is almost a delta function, the sequence can be used for speed of sound assessment. Resulting Impulse response contains very similar data as Impact-echo. Unlike Impact-echo, where strike energy is limited by nonlinear effects, Maximum Length Sequence can deliver virtually unlimited energy over time. Length of the sequence and also signal generation rate is a curtail choice in order to achieve the best results.

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Hill, Martyn, John McHugh, and John D. Turner. "Cross-Sectional Modes in Impact-Echo Testing of Concrete Structures." Journal of Structural Engineering 126, no. 2 (February 2000): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2000)126:2(228).

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Kesner, Keith, Martyn Hill, John McHugh, and John D. Turner. "Cross-Sectional Modes in Impact-Echo Testing of Concrete Structures." Journal of Structural Engineering 127, no. 5 (May 2001): 595–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:5(595).

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Igual, Jorge. "Hierarchical Clustering of Materials With Defects Using Impact-Echo Testing." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 69, no. 8 (August 2020): 5316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.2964911.

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Zhang, Ying, Xiangmin Wei, Yi-Te Tsai, Jinying Zhu, Farhad A. Fetrat, and Nenad Gucunski. "Multisensor data fusion for impact-echo testing of concrete structures." Smart Materials and Structures 21, no. 7 (June 14, 2012): 075021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/7/075021.

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Lin, Yiching, Chiafeng Chang, Shih-Fang Kuo, and Han-Chieh Liou. "A simple device for detecting impact time in impact-echo testing of concrete." NDT & E International 37, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2003.08.004.

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Liu, Jing, Jun Xie, Xiao Yu He, Yu Shan He, and Jia Hui Zhong. "Detecting the Defects in Concrete Components with Impact-Echo Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 1114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.1114.

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With the large-scale application of the prestressed concrete structure, the quality of the concrete component defects and pipeline grouting has increasingly become the focus of attention. The impact-echo scanner uses the nature of wave, which pass though different media at different velocities, to distinguish internal defects of concrete, pipe filling density and so on. In this paper, using the impact-echo method to detect the concrete block with prefabricated defects of shape, location, and size explores the effect of defect properties, parameter settings and detection environment to impact-echo preliminarily and also explores the relationship of pipeline filling status and impact-echo image. Based on this study, the article raised the problem met during this non-destructive testing methods applied to engineering, and accumulated a certain amount of available engineering data. The experiment results show that using the impact-echo method to identify the defects of concrete components and to test the quality of pipeline grouting is a more convenient and effective non-destructive testing method. Especially, with the radar method in the pipeline grouting quality inspection which complement each other to make up for the shortcomings the lightning wave in case of the metal medium total reflection phenomenon, cannot detect metal pipe grouting plumpness.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impact-echo testing"

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Begum, Rushna. "Neural network processing of impact echo NDT data." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340456.

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Lacroix, Francis. "Non-Destructive Condition Assessment of Concrete Slabs with Artificial Defects Using Wireless Impact Echo." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41575.

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This thesis presents the development and validation of a new wireless Impact Echo (IE) system for condition assessment of reinforced concrete slabs. The new IE prototype was compared with other commercially available non-destructive testing (NDT) devices used for similar purposes, namely Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Ultrasonic Pulse Echo (UPE). Monitoring and structural inspections are critical to effective management of civil infrastructure and NDTs can enhance the quality of condition assessments by providing objective visualizations of the interior of a structural element. The IE method, first developed in the 1980s, has seen few advancements in the last 20 years. The method has been standardized and used on site, but the underlying technology has become outdated. The data obtained from the transducer is difficult to interpret and requires a computer to post-process it before being usable, thus limiting the direct feedback of the method when conducting tests on-site. Because of those limitations and the test being relatively more time consuming than other alternatives, the method is lacking in usability. A new prototype IE device was designed and built by the project industry partner, FPrimeC Solutions. The methodology followed the traditional approach, but it was designed to work with today’s technology. The device is operated wirelessly via a Bluetooth connection, uses smaller-sized electronic components, and connects with a user-friendly interface on a small tablet to set-up the tests and compute the results immediately. The first part of the project focused on product development by testing iterations of the prototype and providing user feedback to improve the device and accompanying software. The second part of the project aimed to validate the new technology using a set of three large reinforced concrete slabs containing artificial defects. The studied points of interest were sound concrete, effect of boundaries and steel reinforcements, vertical cracks, presence of a hollow conduit, artificial voids and delamination. The IE results were also compared with those from commercial GPR and UPE devices. GPR was found to be the quickest method by far, although the results gathered seemed to be limited by the presence of steel reinforcement and also failed to locate certain defects. UPE was a bit slower than GPR, but was generally able to locate more accurately the artificial flaws created in the test specimens. The results showed poor definition of the flaws making it difficult sometimes to properly locate them. The UPE results also seemed to be negatively affected by the presence of reinforcement which were causing frequent abnormal values. Lastly, the IE method was used. This method was greatly improved during the first phase, but it is still a time-consuming method. The value of the data, however, has great potential when compared to the other options. It accurately located most of the flaws generated and was practically unaffected by the presence of steel reinforcing bars. Also, with further analysis of the data, it was possible to determine the depth of some of the flaws accurately. Due to the time-consuming testing phase and the longer analysis of the data required to obtain the higher quality of results, this study suggests that IE is not likely to be the best choice for a general inspection of a large area (depending on the nature of the information needed). Rather, it is suggested to first conduct a general review of the structure using a quicker method like GPR to locate the problematic areas. After that, refining the grid at key locations to test with IE should provide the best quality of data in a reasonable amount of time.

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Martin, Julia. "Non-destructive testing of metal ducted post-tensioned bridge beams using sonic impact-echo techniques." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11100.

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On 25 September 1992 the Department of Transport (DoT) issued a press notice stating that it would not be commissioning any new grouted duct post-tensioned bridges in England. The decision was taken due to fears that existing grouted duct post-tensioned concrete bridges were badly corroded and could be in a state of imminent collapse. The press notice also announced that existing grouted duct post-tensioned bridges were to undergo detailed inspection. Non-destructive techniques needed to be developed to allow detailed investigation of these structures. The results of these investigations had to be accurate to a high level of confidence as decisions on repair, renovation or destruction would be made on the findings of the investigation. This thesis will give the reasons for the DoT's decision followed by an overview of possible non-destructive techniques available at the time of issue. The main body of work carried out investigates the use of the Sonic Impact-Echo method of non-destructive testing. This involves the development of suitable testing equipment and preliminary laboratory and field investigation. Detailed numerical simulations were carried out using the Finite Element Method in order to quantify the probable limits of the Sonic Impact-Echo method. Final laboratory investigations were carried out on a model with known defects. Detailed field testing was carried out on test beams manufactured by the Transport Research Laboratory in Crowthorne and by TBV Stanger at Elstree.

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Aktas, Can Baran. "Determining The Thickness Of Concrete Pavements Using The Impact-echo Test Method." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608423/index.pdf.

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Traditionally, destructive methods such as coring are used for the condition assessment of an existing concrete structure. Although these methods may yield valid data about the corresponding concrete section, they are quite expensive and time consuming. More important than these, destructive methods damage the structure being investigated and these points usually become focal points for further deterioration. For all these reasons, only a few samples can be collected from a structure and this results in a poor representation of the complete structure. The impact-echo technique is one of the most suitable non-destructive test methods that may be used on concrete for thickness determination or for investigation of possible delaminations in the internal parts of a concrete structure without damaging the surface. It has been observed that reliable results can be obtained quickly. Unlike pulse-echo tests which are commonly used on steel, testing a heterogeneous material like concrete requires the use of low frequency sound waves as in impact-echo, in order to mitigate the effects of paste-aggregate interfaces or small air voids. This method may be used to locate internal cracks or large air voids existing in concrete. It is known that impact-echo has been used successfully on structures with varying geometries and various purposes such as evaluation of concrete pavements, retaining walls and other reinforced concrete sections. Besides the investigation of the internal state, it may also be used when the other side of the section cannot be reached, as in the case of concrete pavements, in order to find the thickness of the section. This is especially important for quality control and for cost calculations. Research conducted in this thesis study was concentrated on the thickness determination of existing concrete pavement sections, produced in the laboratory with dimensions of 1500 x 2000 mm four and varying thicknesses, and the accuracy associated with these results. In order to correctly determine the sensitivity, several other parameters were investigated and optimum ranges were determined for these to be used while on a field test. Among these factors were the steel impactor size, accuracy related to the data acquisition, distance between the impact point and the transducer and the location of the test point. Finally, the accuracy of the impact-echo method for concrete pavement applications was studied. By observing the large number of data points collected, it was found out that an average error of 1.5% exists for a single impact-echo reading regardless of section thickness, but this value reduces to 0.6% when the average of all test results is used while determining pavement thickness. Results of this study show that the impact-echo technique is reliable and may be used with success for the thickness determination of concrete pavements and for locating internal voids.

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Larsen, Jacob Lynn. "Automated Impact Response Sounding for Accelerated Concrete Bridge Deck Inspection." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6989.

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Infrastructure deterioration is an international problem requiring significant attention. One particular manifestation of this deterioration is the occurrence of sub-surface cracking (delaminations) in reinforced concrete bridge decks. Of many techniques available for inspection, air-coupled impact-echo testing, or sounding, is a non-destructive evaluation technique to determine the presence and location of delaminations based upon the acoustic response of a bridge deck when struck by an impactor. In this work, two automated air-coupled impact echo sounding devices were designed and constructed. Each device included fast and repeatable impactors, moving platforms for traveling across a bridge deck, microphones for air-coupled sensing, distance measurement instruments for keeping track of impact locations, and signal processing modules. First, a single-channel automated sounding device was constructed, followed by a multi channel system that was designed and built from the findings of the single-channel apparatus. The multi channel device performed a delamination inspection in the same manner as the single-channel device but could complete an inspection of an entire traffic lane in one pass. Each device was tested on at least one concrete bridge deck and the delamination maps produced by the devices were compared with maps generated from a traditional chain-drag sounding inspection. The comparison between the two inspection approaches yielded high correlations for bridge deck delamination percentages. Testing with the two devices was more than seven and thirty times faster, respectively, than typical manual sounding procedures. This work demonstrates a technological advance in which sounding can be performed in a manner that makes complete bridge deck scanning for delaminations rapid, safe, and practical.

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Welter, John T. "Oblique angle pulse-echo ultrasound characterization of barely visible impact damage in polymer matrix composites." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1575295152635788.

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Manuel, Regildo Batista do Sacramento. "Estimativa de espessura do concreto utilizando o método do eco - impacto." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6752.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Nesta pesquisa utilizou-se um equipamento experimental que utiliza o método do eco-impacto produzido no Laboratório de Ensaios Físicos do Instituto Politécnico do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ/IPRJ), para estimar a espessuras de placas de concreto através da propagação de ondas de tensão geradas por um impacto. Para determinação dessa espessura, foram investigados vários mecanismos de estruturação do protótipo do equipamento com objetivo de se obter a melhor leitura possível, por meio das literaturas existentes. Entre parâmetros avaliados no estudo, estava o modelo de sensor a ser utilizado, o tipo de impactor, a precisão relacionada à aquisição de dados e o tratamento do mesmo, a distância entre o ponto de impacto e o transdutor (sensor), e o local de teste. Os resultados experimentais concordam com as previsões teóricas e revelam que este método é eficiente para análise de estrutura de concreto. A análise da espessura e resposta em frequência de um novo protótipo desenvolvido e os testes realizados possibilitou um erro médio de espessura real para amostras sem agregados de 0,39% e para as amostras com agregados com de 0,64%. Esses resultados apontam que o equipamento produzido tem potencial e que o mesmo pode ser utilizado para avaliação de estrutura de concreto.
In this research we used an experimental device that uses the method of impact-echo on Physical Testing Laboratory of the Polytechnic Institute of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ/IPRJ), to estimate the thickness of concrete slabs through the propagation of stress waves generated by an impact. To determine this thickness, several mechanisms for structuring the prototype equipment in order to obtain the best possible reading by means of existing literatures were investigated. Among the parameters evaluated in the study was the model of sensor being used, the type of impact, the precision related to the data acquisition and processing thereof, the distance between the impact point and the transducer (sensor), and test site. The experimental results agree with the theoretical predictions and show that this method is effective for analyzing concrete structure. The thickness analysis and frequency response of a new prototype and testing allowed an average error of actual thickness for samples without aggregates and 0.39 % for samples with aggregates with 0.64 %. These results indicate that the product produced has potential and that it can be used for evaluation of concrete structure.

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Timčaková, Kristýna. "Monitorování a analýza koroze výztužné oceli v železobetonových prvcích a konstrukcích akustickými metodami." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401591.

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The dissertation thesis deals with the study of non-destructive acoustic methods as instruments for monitoring and analysing corrosion of reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete elements. Four acoustic methods were selected for this task - the impact-echo method, the nonlinear acoustic spectroscopy method, the acoustic emission method, and the ultrasonic pulse velocity method. To verify the functionality of these methods, testing was carried out on three sets of reinforced concrete samples that had been exposed to the effects of sodium chloride, which corroded the embedded steel reinforcement in these samples. Suitable parameters were proposed for individual acoustic methods to monitor corrosion of the reinforcements. In addition, experiments were designed to demonstrate the ability of the selected acoustic methods to reveal the corrosion of steel reinforcement and its influence on the concrete matrix and to assess the condition of the degraded elements and structures. The analysis of the measurement results based on their comparison shows the advantages and disadvantages of the individual methods and of their practical applications. To verify the results, correlation with common methods that are currently used for the study of corrosion was carried out and included for example the electrical resistivity measurement of the reinforcement and simultaneous monitoring of the sample surface using a confocal microscope to record the development of microcracks during the degradation.

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Shen, Chien-ping, and 沈健平. "Study of Signal Analysis in Impact-Echo Testing." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94866526656925186655.

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碩士
國立中興大學
土木工程研究所
81
A nondestructive test method called impact-echo is under de- velopment for locating flaws in concrete using transient stress waves. To date, the method has been used succesfully to find flaws in plate-like structures. Applications of the method to circular, square and rectangular columns have been accomplished numerically and experimentally. In this thesis, laboratory re- sults detecting single cracks in a concrete slab is presented first. In addition, two overlapped cracks with different sizes were also embedded in the slab to study whether the impact-echo method can be used to detect multiple cracks. It is shown that when the crack closer to the impact surface is smaller than the other crack, both of them can be detected simultaneously. It is suggested that tests can be performed on all accessible surfaces to locate multiple flaws in concrete structures. The signal ana- lysis of the impact-echo is exclusively based on measuring the surface displacement response of a test object subjected to point impact. In this study, a comparison of spectra transformed from displacement, velocity, and acceleration waveforms was made numerically as well as experimentally to locate accurately sha- llow flaws. These studies were aimed at determining the feasibi- lity of using different types of transducers in the impact-echo testing system.

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Dai, Xiaowei. "Development of a non-contact ndt system for stress wave sensing and excitation." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28055.

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Non-destructive testing (NDT) plays an important role today in condition assessment of civil infrastructure. Among these NDT methods, the Impact-Echo (IE) method is widely used to determine the thickness of a plate structure and locate delaminations in concrete. The conventional IE test uses a contact impact source and a contact sensor, which limits the scanning speed. Recent studies show the feasibility of applying the air-coupled sensing technology to the IE test. With the contact requirement eliminated, a fully air-coupled NDT system can be realized to achieve rapid scanning on large scale structures. In this dissertation, the air-coupled IE test is first simulated using 2D finite element models. The numerical simulation results are validated by experimental measurements. It is shown that the airborne IE mode is a quasi-plane wave in air. A parabolic reflector is proposed to focus the airborne IE wave and amplify the air-coupled IE test signals. The focusing effect is validated by experimental results. By applying a parabolic reflector to the air-coupled sensor, it is found that large sensor lift-off height and source-receiver spacing can be used in the air-coupled IE test. The geometry of the parabolic reflector and source-receiver spacing are optimized using numerical simulations. A focused spark source is proposed as a non-contact source for the fully air-coupled test system. The spark source is first calibrated in an anechoic chamber. The feasibility of using the focused spark source for stress wave excitation is validated by experiments. A fully air-coupled testing system is realized by combining the air-coupled sensor and the air-coupled source. Experimental studies show that this system can measure surface wave and the IE mode. The fully air-coupled system is tested using a conventional IE test setup and a through transmission test setup. An acoustic muffler is introduced to suppress the acoustic noise from the spark source. Several advanced signal processing techniques to reduce the acoustic noises are also investigated. The air-coupled sensor has been adopted on a crawler NDT system for concrete inspection in a noisy field environment.
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Books on the topic "Impact-echo testing"

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Sansalone, Mary. Impact-echo: Non-destructive evaluation of concrete and masonry. Ithaca, N.Y: Bullbrier Press, 1997.

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Pessiki, Stephen P. Measurement of the setting time and strength of concrete by the impact-echo method. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Center for Building Technology, Structures Division, 1987.

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Pessiki, Stephen P. Measurement of the setting time and strength of concrete by the impact-echo method. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Center for Building Technology, Structures Division, 1987.

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Ghorbanpoor, Alireza. Evaluation of post-tensioned concrete bridge structures by the impact-echo technique. McLean, Va: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1993.

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Ghorbanpoor, Alireza. Evaluation of post-tensioned concrete bridge structures by the impact-echo technique. McLean, Va: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1993.

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Ghorbanpoor, Alireza. Evaluation of post-tensioned concrete bridge structures by the impact-echo technique. McLean, Va: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Impact-echo testing"

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Salazar, Addisson. "Application of ICAMM to Impact-Echo Testing." In On Statistical Pattern Recognition in Independent Component Analysis Mixture Modelling, 105–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30752-2_5.

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Chiang, C. H., C. C. Cheng, and K. T. Hsu. "Inspection of Deteriorated Coastal Embankments Using Radar, Thermography, and Impact-Echo." In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, 927–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_132.

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Bouden, T., M. Nibouche, F. Djerfi, and S. Dib. "Improving Wavelet Transform for the Impact-Echo Method of Non Destructive Testing." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 241–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27311-7_32.

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Salazar, Addisson, Arturo Serrano, Raúl Llinares, Luis Vergara, and Jorge Igual. "ICA Mixture Modeling for the Classification of Materials in Impact-Echo Testing." In Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation, 702–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00599-2_88.

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Ryden, N., O. Aurell, P. Nilsson, and J. Hartlén. "Impact Echo Q-Factor Measurements Towards Non-Destructive Quality Control of the Backfill in Segmental Lined Tunnels." In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, 915–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_130.

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Gibson, A. "Advances in shotcrete impact-echo testing." In Shotcrete, 111–17. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10545-14.

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Colla, C., G. Schneider, and H. Wiggenhauser. "Automated impact-echo and method improvement." In Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering 2000, 471–80. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043717-0/50051-9.

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Yamada, M., T. Sonoda, and M. Ohtsu. "Quantitative evaluation of impact force on impact-echo method." In Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing V, 155–60. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11837-28.

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Liu, Pei-Ling, and Po-Liang Yeh. "Imaging Methods of Concrete Structure Based on Impact-Echo Test." In Nondestructive Testing Methods and New Applications. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/35954.

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Clausen, J., N. Zoidis, and A. Knudsen. "Onsite measurements of concrete structures using Impact-Echo and Impulse Response." In Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing V, 117–22. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11837-22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Impact-echo testing"

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Salazar, Addisson, Arturo Serrano, Luis Vergara, and Ramon Miralles. "Intelligent system for material quality control using impact-echo testing." In 2008 7th IEEE International Conference on Cybernetic Intelligent Systems (CIS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ukricis.2008.4798954.

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Colla, C. "Improving the Accuracy of Impact-Echo in Testing Post-Tensioning Ducts." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION:Volume 22. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1570267.

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Cha, Young-Jin, Tyler Epp, and Dagmar Svecova. "Automated air-coupled impact echo based non-destructive testing using machine learning." In Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, edited by Hoon Sohn. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2295947.

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Wei, Xiangmin, Zhenhua Xie, and Ying Zhang. "Multisensor data fusion and visualization for impact echo testing of bridge decks." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Andrew L. Gyekenyesi. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.915030.

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Lin, Yu-Feng. "Evaluating cover depth of steel fiber reinforced concrete using impact-echo testing." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by H. Felix Wu, Tzu-Yang Yu, Andrew L. Gyekenyesi, and Peter J. Shull. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2044897.

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Oh, T., and J. S. Popovics. "Effective presentation of impact-echo data for bridge deck NDE." In 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: Incorporating the 10th International Conference on Barkhausen Noise and Micromagnetic Testing. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4864911.

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Groschup, Robin, and Rudolph Kraus. "Air-coupled impact-echo scanner: Fast and contactless nondestructive testing of concrete pavements." In Fifth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University and The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Centre for By-products Utilization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2019/idscmt5184.

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Baggens, Oskar, and Nils Rydén. "Near field effects and estimation of Poisson's ratio in impact-echo thickness testing." In 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: Volume 34. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4914757.

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Emde, Mark, and Ruichong Zhang. "Impact-Echo Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation with Time-Frequency Data Process and Analysis." In Modelling, Identification and Control. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2012.769-036.

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Riyadi, Slamet, Khairul Anuar M. Nayan, and Mohd Marzuki Mustafa. "A Microcontroller-Based Instrument for Measuring P-Wave Speed in Impact-Echo Testing of Concrete." In TENCON 2006 - 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2006.343779.

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