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Journal articles on the topic 'Impairment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Brigham, Christopher R. "Common Tips for IMEs: Musculoskeletal Conversions: Musculoskeletal Conversions." Guides Newsletter 7, no. 6 (2002): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.novdec03.

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Abstract Most impairments are expressed ultimately as a whole person impairment, and the musculoskeletal chapters of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) include instructions for converting regional impairments to whole person impairments using a percentage relationship. This article presents an extensive table that incorporates the conversion factors for extremity and spinal impairments. Occasionally evaluators need to convert spinal impairments from whole person to impairment of the spine, a process that is explained in the AMA Guides, Section 15.13. The conv

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Smith, Jason, Vidyulata Kamath, Honglei Chen, et al. "ASSOCIATIONS OF OBJECTIVE MULTISENSORY IMPAIRMENT WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: THE ARIC-NCS STUDY." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0631.

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Abstract Sensory impairments frequently co-occur among older adults. Characterizing the combined impact of a multisensory phenotype on cognitive impairment could help elucidate a potential mode of pathogenesis. We investigated associations between multisensory impairment (co-occurring, objectively-measured hearing loss [pure-tone average ≥25 dB], vision loss [presenting near or distance acuity &gt;0.3 logMAR], anosmia [Sniffin’ Sticks test score ≤6], and peripheral nerve damage [≥1 insensate site on left or right foot]) and cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or dementia)

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Brigham, Christopher R. "Combining Values Chart." Guides Newsletter 17, no. 2 (2012): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2012.marapr03.

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Abstract Evaluating physicians may need to account for the effects of multiple impairments using a summary value. In the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, the Combined Values Chart provides a method to combine two or more impairment percentages based on the formula A + B(1 – A) = the combined value of A and B. Using the Combined Values Chart and this formula, physicians can combine multiple impairments so that the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. The AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, speci

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Borg, Johan, Natasha Layton, Per-Olof Östergren, and Stig Larsson. "Do Assistive Products Enhance or Equalize Opportunities? A Comparison of Capability across Persons with Impairments Using and Not Using Assistive Products and Persons without Impairments in Bangladesh." Societies 12, no. 5 (2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12050141.

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Aiming to compare capability across persons with impairments using and not using assistive products and persons without impairments in Bangladesh for 16 different functionings, we contrast two sets of self-reported cross-sectional data from eight districts of Bangladesh: (i) data from persons with hearing impairment not using hearing aids, persons with hearing impairment using hearing aids and persons without impairments (N = 572); and (ii) data from persons with ambulatory impairment not using manual wheelchairs, persons with ambulatory impairment using manual wheelchairs and persons without

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Cai, Yurun, Yuri Agrawal, Jennifer Schrack, et al. "Sensory Impairment and Algorithmic Classification of Early Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1697.

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Abstract Sensory function has been linked to cognitive impairment and dementia, but the link between multiple sensory impairments and early cognitive impairment (ECI) is unclear. Sensory function (vision, hearing, vestibular, proprioception, and olfaction) was measured in 390 BLSA participants (age=75±8 years; 57% women; 69% white) from 2012 to 2018 over a mean 3.6 years. ECI was defined based on 1 standard deviation below age-and race-specific means in Card Rotations or California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall. Cox proportional hazard models examined the risk of ECI for each sensory i

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Ghaffar, Erum, Noor ul huda, Sara Fatima, et al. "Prevalence of Balance Impairment in Children with Hearing Impairment." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 3 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i3.1245.

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Background: Deafness, defined as a hearing impairment so severe that it prevents processing linguistic information through auditory senses, is believed to be linked to delays in motor development, including balance. Objective: To figure out the prevalence of balance impairment in children with hearing impairment. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 377 children aged between 8 and 15 years with hearing impairments, selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Data were collected from special education schools using the Standardized Walking Obstacle Course (S

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Subin, Kenneth, and Christopher R. Brigham. "Impairment Tutorial: Headache Impairment." Guides Newsletter 13, no. 5 (2008): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2008.sepoct04.

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Abstract The approach to assessing impairment for headaches differs among the fourth, fifth, and sixth editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). In summary, the fourth edition provides only a qualitative, nonnumeric rating. In the fifth edition, an examiner can give up to 3% whole person permanent impairment. Using the sixth edition of the AMA Guides, an examiner may determine up to 5% whole person permanent impairment for migraine headaches for Chapter 13 and up to 3% whole person impairment for other headaches according to Chapter 3. With respect to t

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McDonnall, Michele C., and Zhen S. McKnight. "The Association Between Presenting Visual Impairment, Health, and Employment Status." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 115, no. 3 (2021): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x211016570.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual impairment and correctable visual impairment (i.e., uncorrected refractive errors) on being out of the labor force and on unemployment. The effect of health on labor force status was also investigated. Method: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2008 ( N = 15,650) was used for this study. Participants were classified into three vision status groups: normal, correctable visual impairment, and visual impairment. Statistical analyses utilized were chi-square and logistic regress

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Brigham, Christopher R. "Combining Values." Guides Newsletter 7, no. 2 (2002): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.marapr01.

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Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are comb

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Hopper, Ryan G., Rachel B. Bromberg, Michele M. Salzman, et al. "Dual sensory impairments in companion dogs: Prevalence and relationship to cognitive impairment." PLOS ONE 19, no. 10 (2024): e0310299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310299.

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Purpose Many older dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) develop cognitive impairment. Dog owners often describe impairments in multiple sensory functions, yet the relationships between sensory and cognitive function in older dogs is not well understood. Methods We performed assessments of dog vision and hearing, both clinically (n = 91, electroretinography and brainstem auditory evoked potential) and via validated questionnaire (n = 238). We determined prevalence of sole and dual hearing/vision impairments in younger (<8 years) and older (≥8 years) dogs. Impairment cutoffs were determined using da

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Fuller-Thomson, Esme, Aliya Nowaczynski, and Andie MacNeil. "The Association Between Hearing Impairment, Vision Impairment, Dual Sensory Impairment, and Serious Cognitive Impairment: Findings from a Population-Based Study of 5.4 million Older Adults." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 6, no. 1 (2022): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/adr-220005.

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Background: Sensory impairments and cognitive impairment are increasing in scope due to the aging population. Objective: To investigate the association between hearing impairment, vision impairment, and dual sensory impairment with cognitive impairment among older adults. Methods: Secondary analysis of a combination of ten consecutive waves (2008–2017) of the nationally representative American Community Survey. The sample included 5.4 million community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults aged 65 and older. Bivariate and logistic regression models were conducted to examine the associati

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Kåreholt, Ingemar, Charlotta Nilsen, Deborah Finkel, and Shireen Sindi. "MID-LIFE FINANCIAL STRESS AND COGNITIVE AND PHYSICAL PROBLEMS IN OLDER AGE: THE ROLE OF POTENTIALLY MODIFYING FACTORS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1251.

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Abstract Financial stress is an important source of chronic stress and has been associated with cognitive and physical impairments. This study investigates whether midlife financial stress is associated with the combination of cognitive and physical impairment, the role of potentially modifiable factors, and sex differences. Methods: The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia population-based cohort study from Finland was used (n=1497) (baseline collected 1972-1987, mean age 50 years). There were two late-life re-examinations (mean total follow-up 25 years). Midlife financial stress

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West, Jessica, and Scott Lynch. "Hearing and Cognitively Impaired Life Expectancies in the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1565.

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Abstract As the population ages, increased prevalence of cognitive and sensory impairments may pose growing public health challenges. Among the nine modifiable risk factors for dementia, the highest percentage (9%) of dementia cases are attributed to hearing impairment. While much research has examined the relationship between hearing impairment and cognition, almost none has translated these relationships into a meaningful, life course metric: how many years of life individuals can expect to live with both impairments and how hearing impairment affects years lived with cognitive impairment. O

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Proffitt, Tracye, Victoria Menzies, Mary Jo Grap, Tamara Orr, Leroy Thacker, and Suzanne Ameringer. "Cognitive Impairment, Physical Impairment, and Psychological Symptoms in Intensive Care Unit Survivors." American Journal of Critical Care 32, no. 6 (2023): 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2023946.

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Background Post–intensive care syndrome (PICS) affects 25% to 50% of adults who survive an intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Although the compounding of PICS impairments (cognitive, physical, and psychological) could intensify the syndrome, research on relationships among impairments is limited, particularly in patients with delirium. Objectives To examine associations among PICS impairments and examine delirium status and its relationship to PICS impairments at ICU discharge and 1 month later. Methods A descriptive, correlational study of adults who survived an ICU stay. Participants completed

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West, Jessica S., and Scott Lynch. "COGNITIVE AND HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN OLDER ADULTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.300.

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Abstract As the number of older adults increases, increased prevalence of cognitive and sensory impairments pose growing public health challenges. Research on the relationship between hearing impairment and cognition, however, is minimal and has yielded mixed results, with some studies finding that hearing impairment is associated with cognitive decline, and others reporting that the association is weak or non-existent. Most of this research has been conducted outside of the U.S., and the few U.S.-based longitudinal studies have relied mostly on small, non-representative samples involving shor

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Oh, Gyu han, Jin Hyeong Jhoo, Sang-a. Park, et al. "Influence of Sensory Impairments on Incidence of Dementia in the Korean Population." Psychiatry Investigation 20, no. 6 (2023): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2022.0299.

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Objective Previous studies have shown the influence of visual and auditory sensory impairment on dementia incidence. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the incidence of dementia will increase with visual and auditory impairments than with visual or auditory impairment.Methods Data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service database were used, including disease and medication codes from 2009 to 2018, and the 2011 national health check-up results. Participants were grouped based on their sensory abilities: normal, visual impairment, auditory impairment, and both visual and audito

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Mastro, James V., Allen W. Burton, Marjorie Rosendahl, and Claudine Sherrill. "Attitudes of Elite Athletes with Impairments Toward One Another: A Hierarchy of Preference." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 13, no. 2 (1996): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.13.2.197.

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Hierarchies of preference by elite athletes with impairments toward other athletes with impairments were examined by administering the Athletes With Impairments Attitude Survey (AWIAS) to 138 members of the United States Disabled Sports Team as they were traveling to the 1992 Paralympic Games. The AWIAS uses 12 statements concerning social and sport relationships to measure social distance from a particular impairment group. Five groups of athletes participated—athletes with amputations, cerebral palsy, dwarfism or les autres, paraplegia or quadriplegia, and visual impairment—with each partici

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Brigham, Christopher R. "Erroneous Impairment Ratings." Guides Newsletter 11, no. 4 (2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2006.julaug01.

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Abstract This article continues a discussion of the results of a nationwide study that reviewed 2100 impairment ratings and found a large number of errors (see the May/June issue of The Guides Newsletter). Spinal impairment ratings, for example, often are erroneous. Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, (AMA Guides) clearly specifies use of the Diagnosis related estimates (DRE) method, evaluators sometimes incorrectly use the range-of-motion (ROM) method, which is fraught with potential error and typically results in higher impairment ratings. The most common probl

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Ranavaya, Mohammed I., and Robert Rondinelli. "To Combine or Not to Combine." Guides Newsletter 18, no. 6 (2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2013.novdec02.

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Abstract Physicians must account for the effects of multiple impairments using a summary value. Sometimes, when dealing with multiple impairments in a single case, the evaluating physician may be confused about whether specific impairments are added or combined, particularly during the assessment of hand or limb injuries. Combining is accomplished by using the Combined Values Chart presented in the Appendix of each edition of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). With a few exceptions, the general rule is that all impairments should be combined. The combining m

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Shaw, William S., and Charles N. Brooks. "Lower Extremity Impairments—Knee and Hip." Guides Newsletter 4, no. 1 (1999): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.1999.janfeb01.

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Abstract The process of assessing lower extremity impairment described in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, differs from that in previous editions. This article addresses common questions that arise in knee and hip impairment rating according to the new edition. Anatomic, diagnostic, or functional methods can be used to estimate lower extremity impairments. Functional methods include ratings based on diminished range of motion, weakness, or gait derangement. In general, only one method should be used to rate impairment associated with an inj

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Pacleb, Maiya I., Xinyao deGrauw, Caitlin M. Orton, Jeffrey C. Schneider, Haig A. Yenikomshian, and Barclay T. Stewart. "76 Social Reintegration After Burn Injury Is Negatively Impacted by Sensory Impairments." Journal of Burn Care & Research 45, Supplement_1 (2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irae036.068.

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Abstract Introduction Social reintegration is an important goal of recovery for people living with a burn injury. Sensory impairments are common after major burn injury and can compound challenges related to burn recovery more generally. Therefore, we aimed to describe social integration outcomes of people living with burn injury who have hearing, vision, or dual sensory impairment (DSI, hearing and vision impairments) when compared to those with no sensory impairment (NSI). We hypothesized that those with sensory impairments would have lower social integration when compared to those without.

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Sibomana, Aimable, Albert Mutuyimana, Donatha Uwimanimpaye, and Gabriel Janvier Tugirinshuti. "The Impact of Inclusive Education on the Learning Interest of Students with Hearing Impairments in Rwanda." Journal of Classroom Practices 4, no. 1 (2025): 23–37. https://doi.org/10.58197/sracm081.

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This study investigated the effect of inclusive education on students’ interest in learning for students with hearing impairment. It employed mixt research approach. The targeted population was 451 students with a sample of 80. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, while qualitative data were collected through the structured interview. The results of the bivariate regression analysis indicated that the variance (.667**) in the interest of learners with hearing impairment to learn is as a result of the linear combination of students with hearing impairment participating in disc

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Deal, Jennifer, Pei-Lun Kuo, Alison Huang, et al. "Prevalence of Concurrent Functional Vision and Hearing Impairment and Its Association with Dementia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1688.

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Abstract Vision and hearing impairment are common and independently linked to dementia risk. Adults with concurrent vision and hearing impairment (dual sensory impairment, DSI) may be particularly at-risk. Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (2011–2018, N=7,562). Functional sensory impairments were self-reported (no impairment, vision only, hearing only, and DSI). We calculated age-specific prevalence of sensory impairments. Discrete time proportional hazards model with a complementary log-log link were used to assess 7-year dementia risk. Of 7,562 participants, o

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Khurana, Maitri, Natalie Shoham, Claudia Cooper, and Alexandra Laura Pitman. "Association between sensory impairment and suicidal ideation and attempt: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative English household data." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (2021): e043179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043179.

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ObjectivesSensory impairments are associated with worse mental health and poorer quality of life, but few studies have investigated whether sensory impairment is associated with suicidal behaviour in a population sample. We investigated whether visual and hearing impairments were associated with suicidal ideation and attempt.DesignNational cross-sectional study.SettingHouseholds in England.ParticipantsWe analysed data for 7546 household residents in England, aged 16 and over from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey.ExposuresSensory impairment (either visual or hearing), Dual sensory im

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Blaisdell, Jay, and James B. Talmage. "Amputation Evaluation: Sixth Edition Approaches." Guides Newsletter 24, no. 2 (2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2019.marapr02.

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Abstract Upper extremity amputations are rated in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, Section 15.6, Amputation Impairment, where text, tables, and figures guide evaluators in combining proximal diagnosis-based impairments (DBIs) and proximal range-of-motion impairments. The AMA Guides provides impairment grids for lower and upper extremity amputations, which are divided into five impairment classes (0 through 4), and each impairment class is further divided (except class 0) into five grades (A through E), each with its respective impairment rat

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Aich, T. K., A. Mahato, and S. Subedi. "Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: Current Perspective." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 5, no. 1 (2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v5i1.18324.

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Impairments in a variety of cognitive functions are found in patients with schizophrenia. These impairments affect a wide array of different cognitive abilities and are often of moderate to severe degree. Cognitive impairments appear to present across lifespan, detectable at the time of first episode of illness, probably predate the illness and manifest a generally stable course over time.Though cognitive impairment does not form a part of diagnostic criteria, it has been included in DSM-V and proposed to be included in ICD-11 as a schizophrenia course specifier. This review attempts to provid

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Cao, Tongyu, Hasnah Shaari, and Ray Donnelly. "Impairment reversals: unbiased reporting or earnings management." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 26, no. 2 (2018): 245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-08-2016-0084.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide evidence that will inform the convergence debate regarding accounting standards. The authors assess the ability of impairment reversals allowed under International Accounting Standard 36 but disallowed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to provide useful information about a company. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a sample of 182 Malaysian firms that reversed impairment charges and a matched sample of firms which chose not to reverse their impairments. Further analysis examines if reversing an impairment charge is associated with motivati

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Mueller, Kathryn, and Christopher R. Brigham. "Impairment Tutorial: Impairment Evaluation of Ear, Nose, Throat, and Related Structures: Fifth Edition Revisions." Guides Newsletter 7, no. 2 (2002): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.marapr02.

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Abstract Chapter 11, Ear, Nose, Throat, and Related Structures of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, includes a new section on voice impairment, a new table on vestibular disorders, and information regarding combined facial disorders and disfigurements. Impairments are based on anatomic, physiological, and functional approaches and involve the assessment of subjective information (eg, statements provided by the patient) and objective factors determined by clinical examination or functional tests. The rating of hearing loss is unchanged from th

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Morales, Emmanuel Garcia, and Nicholas Reed. "Early Retirement and Sensory Impairments: The Modifying Effect of Total Assets." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1712.

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Abstract Sensory impairments are common among older adults. Little is known on the association between sensory impairments, which impact labor productivity, and the effect modification of wealth. We used the 2006-2018 rounds of the Health and Retirement Study. Hearing (HI) and vision (VI) impairments (self-report) at baseline, and working status throughout the study period was observed. Logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics, were used to characterize the association of sensory impairment and early retirement (i.e., before age 65). Secon

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Park, Hyangjeong, Heejeong Kim, Sisook Kim, and Hyegyeong Cha. "The Association between Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment in Older Persons with Cognitive Impairments: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 9, no. 4 (2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040399.

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Olfactory function is an emerging topic of research in the fields of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to confirm the association between olfactory function and cognitive impairment by assessing the olfactory function of older persons with cognitive impairment and identify whether olfactory function is associated with cognitive impairment. For this study, we recruited 117 older people aged ≥65 years with cognitive impairments from a public hospital in Korea. We used the Korean version of the expanded clinical dementia rating scale to evaluate participants’ cognitive

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Horber, Veronka, Asma Fares, Mary Jane Platt, Catherine Arnaud, Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann, and Elodie Sellier. "Severity of Cerebral Palsy—The Impact of Associated Impairments." Neuropediatrics 51, no. 02 (2020): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701669.

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Abstract Objective This article describes associated impairments in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and its subtypes. Method Children born between 1990 and 2006 recorded in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe common database were studied. An “impairment index” characterized severity of impairments and their combinations. Results Amongst the 11,015 children analyzed, 56% (n = 5,968) could walk unaided, 54% (4,972) had normal or near-normal intellect (intelligence quotient ≥ 70). Except for ataxic CP, associated impairments were less frequent when walking ability was preserved. The im

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Fries, Ian Blair, and Charles N. Brooks. "Impairment Tutorial: Convert, Add, or Combine?" Guides Newsletter 9, no. 1 (2004): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2004.janfeb02.

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Abstract The presence of multiple ratable entities, including symptoms, physical findings, test results, diagnoses, and/or procedures, complicates impairment evaluation; further, patients may have several findings in the same anatomic area and/or findings unrelated to the condition being rated. In complex cases involving a final extremity or whole person impairment (WPI), the examining physician must consider all possible ratable impairments, discarding duplicative or mutually exclusive ratings and converting, adding, or combining to obtain the final rating. Failure to follow the instructions

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Brigham, Christopher R., Kathryn Mueller, Douglas Van Zet, Debra J. Northrup, Edward B. Whitney, and Martha M. McReynolds. "Comparative Analysis: The State of Colorado Study, Part II." Guides Newsletter 9, no. 2 (2004): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2004.marapr01.

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Abstract [Continued from the January/February 2004 issue of The Guides Newsletter.] To understand discrepancies in reviewers’ ratings of impairments based on different editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), users can usefully study the history of the revisions as successive editions attempted to provide a comprehensive, valid, reliable, unbiased, and evidence-based system. Some shortcomings of earlier editions have been addressed in the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, but problems remain with each edition, largely because of the limited scientific evidenc

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Blaisdell, Jay, and James B. Talmage. "Impairment of Face-, Nose-, and Throat-related Structures Sixth Edition Approaches." Guides Newsletter 24, no. 2 (2019): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2019.marapr03.

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Abstract Facial disfigurements, including those caused by burns (thermal, chemical, or electrical) or trauma, are rated in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, Chapter 11, which also discusses occupational overexposure to sunlight, airborne chemicals, heavy metals, and allergens that may lead to head and neck cancers and degraded ability to breathe, chew, swallow, smell, or speak. Additional relevant impairments include those of olfaction and taste, chewing and swallowing, voice and speech, and of the upper respiratory passages. For upper air pa

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Glass, Isabel V., Frances R. Frankenburg, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, and Mary C. Zanarini. "Longitudinal Course of Physical and Psychosocial Impairment in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and Personality-Disordered Comparison Subjects: Description and Prediction." Journal of Personality Disorders 38, no. 6 (2024): 503–19. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2024.38.6.503.

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This study describes the 8-year course of physical and psychosocial impairment in middle-aged patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and other personality disorders (OPD). This study also compares BPD subgroups (recovered vs. nonrecovered) and explores predictors of physical impairment. Patients (N = 282) were assessed as part of the McLean Study of Adult Development. Physical and psychosocial impairments were assessed using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Patients with BPD reported significantly more impairment than OPD patients across all domains. Nonrecovered BPD patients

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Brigham, Christopher R. "Impairment Tutorial: Lower Extremities Impairment Evaluation: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches." Guides Newsletter 13, no. 5 (2008): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2008.sepoct02.

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Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, takes approaches to the lower extremities that are consistent with Chapter 15, Upper Extremities (reviewed in the March/April 2008 issue of The Guides Newsletter). Because there is a comparatively smaller spectrum of diagnoses in the lower extremities, Chapter 16 is less complex and is shorter than Chapter 15. The purposes of the lower extremity are transfer and mobility, and, in comparison to the upper extremity, the lower extremity provides greater stability than flexibility. This chapter's princip

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Berkman, John, and Robyn Boeré. "St. Thomas Aquinas on Impairment, Natural Goods, and Human Flourishing." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 20, no. 2 (2020): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq202020229.

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This essay examines St. Thomas Aquinas’s views on different types of impairment. Aquinas situates physical and moral impairments in a teleological account of the human species, and these impairments are made relative in light of our ultimate flourishing in God. For Aquinas, moral and spiritual impairments are of primary significance. Drawing on Philippa Foot’s account of natural goods, we describe what constitutes an impairment for Aquinas. In the Thomistic sense, an impairment is a lack or privation in relation to that which is appropriate to the human being, known by our nature and ultimate

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Richardson, Stephanie, Corinna Tanner, and Jeremy Yorgason. "Sensory Impairment and Social Isolation: Implications for the Hispanic Population." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2096.

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Abstract Although the likelihood of developing a disability increases with age among all demographics, older adults of hispanic origin are more likely to experience vision and hearing impairment than both their white and black non-hispanic counterparts. Both hearing impairment and vision impairment are known risk factors for social isolation, yet little research has examined this association in Hispanic populations. Using data from 472 Hispanic and 5,186 White participants of the NHATS study, we examined 8-year trajectories of social isolation, along with how sensory impairment was associated

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Johnson, E., and J. Suhr. "C-42 Is “Clinical Impairment” Normative in College Populations? Identifying Base Rates of Self-Reported Impairment in a Non-Treatment Seeking Population." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (2019): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.204.

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Abstract Objective Individuals presenting with concerns of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) report impairment and may seek academic or disability accommodations related to perceived impairment. Problematically, the legal definition of impairment remains poorly understood by clinicians, and there is little consensus regarding credibility of self-reported impairment. Furthermore, many impairments reported by individuals seeking evaluation for ADHD appear to be general and non-specific, but base rates of reports of these impairments in non-treatment seeking populations remain uncle

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Shaw, William S. "Impairment Tutorial: Impairment of the Lower Extremity." Guides Newsletter 2, no. 1 (1997): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.1997.janfeb02.

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Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, introduces a new system of rating lower extremity impairments that allows use of more than one method for arriving at a rating. Such flexibility allows the rater greater leeway to assess each patient's unique status but requires the clinician to clearly understand the diagnosis, pathoanatomy, and expected sequelae of a condition. For example, diminished muscle function can be evaluated in four ways (gait, atrophy, weakness, and peripheral nerve injury), but impairments should be estimated under only

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Xue, Qianli, Brian Buta, Lina Ma, Meiling Ge, and Michelle carlson. "INTEGRATING FRAILTY AND COGNITIVE PHENOTYPES: THEORY, MEASUREMENT, APPLICATIONS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1464.

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Abstract The fact that frailty and cognitive impairment are associated and often coexist in older adults has led to the popular view of expanding the definition of frailty to include cognitive impairment. However, there is great variability in approaches to and assumptions regarding the integrated phenotypes of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. By reviewing the theoretical underpinnings of three integrated phenotypes of physical and cognitive impairments, this talk advocates the incorporation of biological theories in phenotype development that helps determine shared and distinct path

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Mueller, Kathryn, and Christopher R. Brigham. "Impairment Tutorial: Hearing Impairment." Guides Newsletter 8, no. 2 (2003): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2003.marapr03.

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Abstract A 1999 study of adults showed hearing loss was the fifth most common disability in the US population, and almost 50% of workers in carpentry, plumbing, and mining had hearing impairment. Determining hearing impairment according to the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, Section 11.2a, Criteria for Rating Impairment Due to Hearing Loss, is straightforward, if limited. Examiners should be aware that hearing can be temporarily impaired by recent exposure to loud noise and should test only after an extended period without such exposure. Audiom

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Talmage, James B., and Jay Blaisdell. "Cardiovascular Impairment Evaluation: Sixth Edition." Guides Newsletter 20, no. 5 (2015): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2015.sepoct02.

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Abstract To assess medical impairments, the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) divides cardiovascular diseases into the following eight groups, each of which has its own grid: valvular heart disease; coronary artery disease; cardiomyopathies, pericardial heart disease, dysrhythmias, hypertensive cardiovascular disease, vascular diseases affecting the extremities, and diseases of the pulmonary artery. An accompanying table shows the criteria for rating permanent impairment due to valvular heart disease. Within the grids, the rows are divided into three main impair

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Belay, Habtamu Debasu, and Asnakech Yitayew Chekol. "Teaching physical education to hearing impaired students: The case of Ambo Lazarist Catholic Deaf School, Western Ethiopia." International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education 3, no. 1 (2025): 33–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14949945.

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The main objective of this research is to investigate the educational practice of Physical Education for Students with hearing impairments at Ambo Lazarist Catholic School. Researchers employed mixed methods, specifically embedded design. The populations of the study were 58 Students with hearing impairments, 1 physical education teacher, and 2 school principals. Comprehensive and purposive sampling were used. The findings of this study indicated that the level of identification, teaching strategies, and opportunities at Ambo Lazarist Catholic School for the Deaf for students with hearing impa

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Gopinath, Bamini, Gerald Liew, George Burlutsky, and Paul Mitchell. "Associations Between Vision, Hearing, and Olfactory Impairment With Handgrip Strength." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 7-8 (2019): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319843724.

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Objectives: We aimed to assess the cross-sectional associations between sensory impairments (vision, hearing, and/or olfactory loss) and handgrip strength. Method: In the Blue Mountains Eye Study, 947 participants aged 65+ years had handgrip strength measured using a dynamometer. Visual impairment was defined as visual acuity <20/40 (better eye), and hearing impairment as average pure-tone air conduction threshold >25 dBHL (500-4,000 Hz). Olfaction was measured using the San Diego Odor Identification Test. Results: Marginally significant associations between sensory impairment and handgr

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Ness, Kirsten K., Sedigheh Mirzaei Salehabadi, Rachel T. Webster, et al. "Mapping aging phenotypes in childhood cancer survivors: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): 10069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.10069.

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10069 Background: Childhood cancer survivors experience accelerated aging manifest as physical, cognitive and/or emotional impairments. Aging populations respond to behavioral interventions that address impairment combinations. We aimed to identify and characterize phenotypes (classes) of physical, cognitive and emotional impairments in childhood cancer survivors to inform targets for future intervention. Methods: Factor analysis using St. Jude Lifetime Cohort data (N=4051, 52.2% male, mean [SD] age at diagnosis 8.7 [5.7], assessment 33.9 [10.1] years) generated 9 impairment domains (Table) us

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Zandvliet, Sarah B., Gert Kwakkel, Rinske H. M. Nijland, Erwin E. H. van Wegen, and Carel G. M. Meskers. "Is Recovery of Somatosensory Impairment Conditional for Upper-Limb Motor Recovery Early After Stroke?" Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 34, no. 5 (2020): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968320907075.

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Background. Spontaneous recovery early after stroke is most evident during a time-sensitive window of heightened neuroplasticity, known as spontaneous neurobiological recovery. It is unknown whether poststroke upper-limb motor and somatosensory impairment both reflect spontaneous neurobiological recovery or if somatosensory impairment and/or recovery influences motor recovery. Methods. Motor (Fugl-Meyer upper-extremity [FM-UE]) and somatosensory impairments (Erasmus modification of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment [EmNSA-UE]) were measured in 215 patients within 3 weeks and at 5, 12, and 26 w

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Watts, Christopher R., and Yan Zhang. "Progression of Self-Perceived Speech and Swallowing Impairment in Early Stage Parkinson's Disease: Longitudinal Analysis of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 65, no. 1 (2022): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00216.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and progression of self-perceived speech and swallowing impairments in newly diagnosed people with Parkinson's disease (PD) longitudinally across 6 years. Method: Longitudinal data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative were analyzed across six consecutive years in a cohort of 269 newly diagnosed people with PD, and a subset of those ( n = 211) who were assessed at every time point across the 6 years. Dependent variables included self-perceived ratings of speech and swallowing impairment severity from the Unified P

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Windham, B. Gwen, Chad Blackshear, Kevin Sullivan, et al. "AD/NEURODEGENERATION BLOOD BIOMARKER ASSOCIATIONS WITH PREVALENT AND INCIDENT MOBILITY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.0005.

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Abstract Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease pathology (Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau181) and neurodegeneration (neurofilament light (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) may identify individuals at risk for mobility and cognitive impairment. Among 1751 ARIC study participants at Visit 5 (V5, 2011-13, mean age 76.2 years (5.3), 41% men, 28% Black), usual gait speed and cognitive status were assessed over 8 years at V5, V6 (2016-17), and V7 (2017-18). Impairment outcomes were mobility-only (gait speed &lt;0.8m/s, n=430), cognitive-only (dementia, n=38), dual (n=54), or neither (referent, n=1

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Abbasi Jondani, Javad. "Locus of Control in College Students with and Without Visual Impairments, and the Visual Characteristics that Affect It." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 115, no. 1 (2021): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x20987019.

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Introduction: According to previous research, locus of control (LOC) has a crucial role in an individual’s psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was 3-fold: (1) comparing LOC of college students with and without visual impairments while controlling for gender, educational level, and age; (2) investigating the relationship between LOC and visual characteristics in college students with visual impairments; and (3) predicting LOC of these students using their visual characteristics. Methods: The design of this study was causal-comparative. The statistical population included a sampl

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