Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Impediments to marriage'

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It analyzed in the present study the declaration of matrimonial nullity in the Canonical Right and in the Civil Right, the brightest notes from the Code of Canonical Right of 1983, and of the Brazilian Civil Code that entered in validity on January 10,2003 presenting previously the essential properties of the marriage, concept, the reasons for the matrimonial nullity in those two legislations; at the end it was about the effects and of the procedure for obtaining the nullity declarations in the Canonical Right. It considered that in Spain, Italy, Portugal and Dominican Republic, for concordat force among the State and the Church, the religious celebration of the marriage and the nullity declaration dictated by the Ecclesiastical Tribunal have civil effects once assisted the determination in the law. It presented proposal so that in Brazil, as well as the married couple can attribute civil effects to the religious celebration of the marriage proceeding to the previous or posterior recording of the celebration before the civil official registration, and having certification of inexistence of impediments to request the registration in the occupation of the Civil registration of the Natural People so that the religious marriage has civil effects, there also be, legal disposition that checks civil effects to the declaration of nullity of those marriages when dictated by the Ecclesiastical Tribunal
Analisou no presente estudo a declaração de nulidade matrimonial no Direito Canônico e no Direito Civil, a luz do Código de Direito Canônico de1983, e do Código Civil brasileiro que entrou em vigência em 10 de janeiro de 2003, apresentando preliminarmente as propriedade essenciais do matrimônio, conceito, os motivos ensejadores da nulidade matrimonial nessas duas legislações; ao final tratou dos efeitos e do procedimento para obtenção da declaração de nulidade no Direito Canônico. Considerou que na Espanha, Itália, Portugal e República Dominicana, por força de concordata firmada entre o Estado e a Igreja, a celebração religiosa do matrimônio e a declaração de nulidade ditada pelo Tribunal Eclesiástico tem efeitos civil uma vez atendido o disposto na lei. Apresentou proposta para que no Brasil, assim como os nubentes podem atribuir efeitos civis à celebração religiosa do casamento uma vez procedendo à habilitação previa ou posterior à celebração perante o oficial do registro civil, e havendo certificação de inexistência de impedimentos requerer a inscrição no ofício do Registro Civil das Pessoas Naturais para que o casamento religioso tenha efeitos civis, haja também, disposição legal que confira efeitos civis à declaração de nulidade desses casamentos quando ditadas pelo Tribunal Eclesiástico

This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the constitution of marriage legal regulation in the new Civil Code and the relating legislation. Primarily, it deals with the concept and the purpose of marriage, along with the moment of its constitution and, it outlines alternative forms of entering into marriage. The thesis further analyses the difference between the civil and religious marriage. The major chapter is devoted to entering into marriage with an international jurisdiction conflict because the number of marriages between Czech citizens with foreigners continues to increase. It becomes more frequent that the Czech citizens enter into marriage abroad. At the end, the causes and consequences of the putative marriage and the invalidity of the entering into marriage are examined.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
O casamento forçado consiste num casamento celebrado sem o consentimento livre de um ou ambos os nubentes. Como negócio jurídico, o casamento, consiste num espaço de realização da autonomia privada/autonomia da vontade do nubente, não obstante o facto de ser um negócio jurídico familiar e pessoal. E enquanto contrato, os requisitos essenciais do casamento assentam quer na capacidade das partes, quer no seu consentimento. A penalização do casamento forçado decorre da Convenção do Conselho da Europa para a Prevenção e o Combate à Violência contra as Mulheres e a Violência Doméstica, resultando no artigo 154º-B e 154º-C do CP. Dentro do conceito amplo de casamento forçado, cabem não apenas o casamento forçado como também o casamento infantil ou precoce, o casamento de conveniência com situação de exploração e o casamento arranjado ou combinado. Antes do artigo 154º-B e 154º-C CP, o fenómeno do casamento forçado já estava disciplinado no crime geral da coação. Mas fruto duma maior censura ética e um crescendo das situações justificou-se a penalização. Penalização essa que passou pela agravação da moldura penal e o prescindir do meio violento e ameaça com mal importante característicos da coação. Não obstante todos esses avanços, a verdade é que apenas a penalização não basta para combater o fenómeno. Terão que se verificar determinadas alterações para efetivar o livre consentimento no casamento, a proteção de nubentes menores de idade e garantir a invalidade dos casamentos forçados.
Forced marriage is a union entered into without free consent of one or both parties. As a legal contract, it’s a space of private autonomy/autonomy of will, although it is a family contract with personal effects. As a contract, marriage has as essential requisites the capacity and consent of the parties. The criminalization of forced marriage derives from the Istanbul Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, and resulted in article 154º-B and 154º-C of the Penal Code. Within the broad concept of forced marriage, we can fit child and early marriage, sham marriage with exploration and arranged marriages. Before article 154º-B and 154º-C of the Penal Code, the criminalization of such conducts, which resulted in forced marriage, did not go unpunished. They were punished through the very comprehensive crime of coercion. But due to a graver ethical judgment concerning this conduct and a growing number of verified situations, the criminalization was justified. This criminalization resulted not only in a larger sentence than the crime of coercion; it also entailed that certain requisites mandatory with the crime of coercion being foregone. Despite all these advances, criminalization isn’t enough to combat forced marriage. It’s necessary that the civil code undergo some alterations to operationalize freedom of consent in celebration of marriages, protect minors subjected to these practices and guarantee such marriages without free consent are void.

Content of graduation theses is focused on civil divorce and church nullity of marriage. Graduation theses are divided in three Themes, secular law, canon law and comparison. First part is aimed at civil law which regulates divorce. Second part is focused on canon law. It conducts a study of church nullity of marriage in consequence of marriage agreement failure, canon form or impedimenta presence. Third part compares ways of marriage termination in Czech secular law and ways of marriage cessation in catholic canon law. It tries to find their equivalent components, their dissimilarities and relationship. The canon law is a base of comparison. Secular law is based upon the tenet of marriage dissolvability. Canon law is based upon the tenet of marriage indissolubleness. Marriage divorce in the civil law is ineffective in the canon law respectively church nullity of marriage is ineffective in the secular law of the Czech Republic.