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Journal articles on the topic 'Impediments to marriage'
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Kovaček-Stanić, Gordana, and Sandra Samardžić. "Marriage in Serbian law and in comparative perspective." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, no. 2 (2020): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-24802.
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According to the Serbian Family Act marriage is cohabitation between two persons of the opposite sex governed by the law. The same act, prescribes substantial and formal requirements for valid marriage. This paper aims to present a review of these requirements in domestic and comparative law as well. It analyzes each condition separately, giving an overview of their historical development and the way they are regulated today in different legal systems. According to domestic law, substantial requirements are the following: opposite gender, expression of will to get married, cohabitation and lack of marriage impediments. However, there is a tendency in the contemporary family law to reduce marriage impediments, which leads to the liberalization and facilitation of marriage formation. Since marriage is very often concluded in religious form, article also gives an overview of the ecclesiastical rules concerning marriage. Finally, it analyzes and compares statistical data concerning number of concluded marriages and divorces in Serbia thirty years ago and in present time.
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Saczyńska-Vercamer, Monika. "Niezwykłe małżeńskie życie codzienne w suplikach do Penitencjarii Apostolskiej z metropolii gnieźnieńskiej w XV wieku." Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej 69, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/khkm69.2021.4.001.
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The Apostolic Penitentiary, besides clerical, Church and religious matters, also dealt with matrimonial matters. The jurisdiction of the Apostolic Penitentiary included mainly granting dispensations from matrimonial impediments, but also absolution when the marriage was contracted with the knowledge of the existence of an impediment and resolving doubtful or unclear cases. The most common marriage problem in the province of Gniezno was the impediment of consanguinity in 4th and 3rd degrees. However, among the marriage cases we also find stories of domestic violence, complicated arrangements between relatives, acts of bigamy and love stories. All this took place in relatively narrow groups of cousins and people related by affinity to each other.
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BENNETT, BRUCE S. "Banister v. Thompson and Afterwards : The Church of England and the Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 49, no. 4 (October 1998): 668–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046997005629.
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The medieval canon law of affinity as an impediment to marriage combined a large range of prohibited degrees with a wide power of dispensation. After the Reformation, however, English law, in line with mainstream Protestant opinion, prohibited marriages within the degrees mentioned in Leviticus, with no provision for dispensation. The prohibited degrees were set out in ‘Archbishop Parker's Table’ in the Prayer Book, beginning with the memorable declaration that ‘A man may not marry his grandmother’. In the nineteenth century, however, some of these restrictions came to be challenged. The classic case was that of marriage with a deceased wife's sister, and it was under this title that successive bills were introduced to alter the law.Until 1857 the law of marriage was administered by the ecclesiastical courts, according to the canon law. However, the civil courts modified and controlled this canon law by means of the writ of prohibition: canon law was now subordinate to common law, and where the two conflicted the civil courts would over-rule the ecclesiastical courts. Marriage with a deceased wife's sister was illegal, and, as with other impediments to marriage, a case could be brought in the ecclesiastical courts to have such a marriage declared void. A case on these grounds could only be brought during the lifetime of both spouses. Nevertheless, the marriage had theoretically been void ab initio, and even after one spouse had died the survivor could still be proceeded against for incest.
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Herger, Cs Eszter. "Magister Gratianus tanítása a házassági akadályokról." DÍKÉ 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2024): 42–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2023.07.02.04.
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Many legal scholars have examined the question of how to reconcile Gratian’s willingness to use both the Justinianic and the pre-Justinianic Roman law that he found in his sources with his apparent unwillingness or inability to use Justinian’s Roman law books at first hand. This paper focuses on another root of European legal culture, the Judaeo-Christian legal heritage. It addresses the question to what extent Gratian’s concept of marriage, based on a contemporary interpretation of the marriage of Mary and Joseph based on the decision of the Council of Ephesus (431), contributed to the clarification of the system of marriage impediments in 12th century canon law, and to what extent the magister used arguments based on biblical passages to do so. The canon law from the early Middle Ages allowed a husband to divorce his unfaithful wife, while the Western Church of Gratian’s age opposed the dissolution of the marriage bond and only recognised the possibility of separating the spouses from bed and table. Therefore, the significance of the subject lies primarily in the fact that in the case of some impediments to marriage the magister saw the possibility of dissolution of the unconsummated union (a so-called initiated marriage) and, in a few, not common cases of the consummated marriage too. The principle of indissolubility, although annulment and dissolution of marriage are different legal instruments, was not necessarily applied in this period either. However, Gratian’s particular concept of marriage and his legal explanations of the impediments to marriage contributed significantly to the fact that the only ground for divorce mentioned in the Gospels, adultery, could not lead to the dissolution of the bond. In the 16th century, Protestant divorce law was primarily a reaction to this understanding, and also the Catholic teaching on the impediments to marriage continued to evolve, formally still adhering to the principle of indissolubility.
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Lone, Parvaize Ahmad. "A Portrayal of Inter-caste Marriage in Chetan Bhagat’s Novel ‘2 States: The Story of My Marriage’." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i3.7552.
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The aim of this paper is to understand the varied cultures and traditions existing in contemporary India which create impediments in inter-caste marriages for a young generation. Chetan Bhagat’s novels are emblems of the true thoughts of contemporary young India. 2 States: The Story of My Marriage is a love story of Krish, a Punjabi boy and Ananya, a Tamilian girl, and their attempts to convert their love into marriage with the endorsement of their parents. Author humorously delineates cultural aspects of Tamil Brahmin and Punjabi communities which are in sharp contrast to each other. The paper helps us to understand the cultural and social barriers between North-India and South-India and their impact on inter-caste marriages.
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Syed Nadeem Farhat. "Hindu Marriage Law: Need, Impediments and Policy Guidelines." Policy Perspectives 12, no. 2 (2015): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/polipers.12.2.0131.
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Schraut, Sylvia. "„Doch das bei weitem schwierigste Ehehindernis ist das der Verwandtschaft“: Forbidden Marriage Between Incest Taboo and the Fortune of the Noble Family in 17th-18th-Century Germany." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 44 (October 14, 2005): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v44i3.132998.
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During the 17th and 18th century the German nobility called a planned marriage a pro-ject of marriage, because marriages had a long phase of planning, in which more then two people were involved. Noble projects of marriage had at least the function to create ever-lasting friendship between two noble families. This custom was part of the economic and po-litical strategies of the families involved and had often effects on the development of whole territories. Noble projects of marriage consequently concerned the family law as well as the law of the nobility and the church.I shall discuss the strategies of marriage of a special social group, the so-called Cath-olic German Reichsritterschaft during the 17th and 18th centuries. This noble group was re-garded as a strong partner of the German Imperial Catholic Church, the Reichskirche. Last but not least its members owed their remarkable political careers to the Church, but their idea of marriage were never-the-less in opposition to the canonical marriage laws; in fact, in planning exactly these political careers, which they owed to the Church, their concept of marriage clashed with the impediments to marriage that too close kinship posed. My paper aims at ana-lysing the marriage law of the Church as a papal instrument of influence over this special group of nobles.
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Bzdyrak, Grzegorz. "ANNULMENT OF MARRIAGE IN POLISH LAW AND DECLARATION OF NULLITY OF MARRIAGE IN CANON LAW – A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Review of European and Comparative Law 2627, no. 34 (December 31, 2016): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4979.
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Annulment and nullity of marriage are two institutions that function in two separate and independent legal systems. Despite some similarities, they cannot be used interchangeably. The differences between the annulment and declaring nullityof marriage follow mainly from the fact that the canonical marriage between baptized persons is a sacrament, a lifelong and indissoluble bond. For this reason, once validly contracted, it cannot be annulled or dissolved by divorce, but only bythe death of a spouse or a dispensation from an unconsummated marriage and the privilege of faith. In the case when marriage is contracted, despite the existence of impediments to marriage, the ecclesiastical tribunal, after completing the relevant proceedings, declares its nullity whereby this judgment is of a declarative nature. In the case of annulment of marriage, the legislator provided for some restriction as to the persons authorized to file a claim, and it also listed the situations in which, even though marriage was contracted in breach of law, its annulment is not possible. Therefore, convalidation by force of law is permissible. Such validation and such restrictions have not been provided by the ecclesiastical legislator, although the convalidation of marriage is possible as long as the matrimonial consent continues and some additional conditions have been satisfied. The judgment regarding the annulment of marriage is constitutive, although the effects of annulment have retroactive effects, whereby the legislator stated that for certain relationships, the rules of divorce shall be applicable.
Both in the state and canonical orders, there are three groups of reasons that are the basis for annulment and declaration of nullity of marriage. These are impediments to marriage, defects to the declarations of intention of the spousesand defects to the mandate to contract marriage. The individual reasons have been briefly discussed to present the differences in their understanding under canon law and state law.
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Cynkier, Przemysław. "Psychological impediments to marriage - forensic and psychiatric opinions. Part II." Psychiatria Polska 54, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/89924.
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Cynkier, Przemysław. "Psychological impediments to marriage – forensic and psychiatric opinions. Part I." Psychiatria Polska 54, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/89996.
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Leszczyński, Grzegorz. "Brak wiary a wykluczenie godności sakramentalnej małżeństwa." Ius Matrimoniale 30, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/im.2019.30.4.02.
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The Code of Canon Law of 1983 classifies the reasons for marriage invalidity in three different categories: diriment impediments, defects in matrimonial consent and lack or defect of canon form. Among different defects in matrimonial consent, in 1101 § 2, Code of Canon Law enumerates simulations. Simulation signifies that a person contracting marriage expresses marital agreement merely on the surface, excluding in reality through a positive act of the will the marriage itself, some essential elements or an essential property of marriage. The present article is an attempt of looking at the relation existing between the validity of marriage and the exclusion of the sacramental dignity, with the special consideration of the faith of the person.
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Ritika, Ritika. "An excursion regarding women's impediments in Austen's Pride and Prejudice." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (2023): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.82.18.
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Pride and Prejudice is a novel of manners. In the novel Jane Austen characterises the complex conditions of women in nineteenth-century England. A woman's happiness is associated with marriage. Her social status is being guided by a man whom she chooses as her husband. Happiness and love are the secondary themes in the marriage, what carries weight is the wealth and the property of the man or groom. A woman tries to mould her identity at the optimum level to deem fit for married apparel because unmarried daughters are considered a burden on their parents. Women's priorities and choices are often ignored. The patriarchal civilization has always dominated the female counterparts through their authoritative voices. Women play a submissive role in society, their voices are crushed and they are compelled to follow in the footsteps of their husbands and fathers. In the novel, there is not a single self-made woman. All women are tied to societal constraints.
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Curtis, John M., and Valerie M. Susman. "Factors Related to Fear of Marriage." Psychological Reports 74, no. 3 (June 1994): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.3.859.
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The present paper identified elements which seem to influence fear of marriage or certain avoidant patterns associated with marital commitment. Because census bureau data suggest that increasing numbers of individuals have either delayed marital commitment or avoided it entirely, further research has become necessary to ascertain possible influences. Although the literature suggests men have traditionally had more problems making marital commitments, more women are also avoiding marriage. Some related factors were fears about loss of identity, control, or finances and about accepting adult responsibility. Careful attention to such fears might help clinicians focus more consistently on previously unlabeled impediments to marital commitment.
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Weickhardt, George G. "Canon Law Prohibitions on Marriage to Kin in Rus’ and Muscovy." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 50, no. 2 (2016): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-05002002.
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Throughout the Kyivan, appanage and Muscovite periods, written Orthodox canon law generally prohibited marriage within the seventh degree of consanguinity. This rule prohibited marriage even between third cousins. This rule, with some notable exceptions, was observed and enforced in Kyivan Rus’ and Muscovy. Prohibition of marriage within the seventh degree went far beyond the Biblical and Justinianic rules, as well as the rules of the early church ecumenical councils, which all allowed marriage between first cousins. The present study will inquire into the origin and purpose of this rule, its reception in Rus’, and its effect on Rus’ and Muscovite society, with particular emphasis on why the church deemed it necessary to extend impediments to marriage far beyond the rules from the Bible, Byzantine civil law and the original canon law from the ecumenical councils.
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Leong, Anthony S.-Y. "Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds Admit Impediments." Journal of Histotechnology 15, no. 2 (June 1992): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/his.1992.15.2.87.
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Felea, Alina. "From the history of the institution of marriage in Moldova in the 17th - beginning of the 19th centuries: conditions for concluding the marriage and the investigation procedure." Revista de istorie a Moldovei, no. 1-2(129-130) (November 2022): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.58187/rim.129-130.02.
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This article examines the research procedure that was mandatory for the conclusion of a matrimonial alliance in Moldova in the XVIIth - the beginning of the XIXth century and which was based on the ascertance of the presence of the necessary conditions for marriage (voluntary agreement of the young people, consent of the parents / relatives of the young people, age allowed for marriage), lack of any kind of impediments and the presence of the wedding authorization act. The country of Moldova, being an Orthodox country, in matters of matrimonial law was guided by Orthodox canon law, according to which in order to conclude a legitimate marriage certain conditions had to be observed. The execution of the investigation procedure was entrusted to the priest.
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Wasimi, Abdul karim. "العادات المعوّقة للزواج في ولاية كابيسا بأفغانستان." Al-Risalah: Journal of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (ARJIHS) 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 190–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/alrisalah.v7i1.430.
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ABSTRACT
This research is aimed to investigate on customs and traditions of marriage in Kapisa province, Afghanistan. It aimed at answering these main questions: customs and traditions that put obstacles to marriage; how to overcome these hurdles; and fixing them within the Islamic paradigm to make it easy for everyone to marry and not make one refuse marriage. The significance of this study is to try to figure out the solutions to the impediments of marriage in a particular Islamic society that suffers more than any part of the country. Marriage has an important role in the betterment of society and preserving human generation which is the main objective of Islamic law. The researcher uses an inductive method for collecting data from Islamic sources of Al-Quran, hadith, past and contemporary Muslim jurists` opinions; and an analytical method to analyze the information gathered from the mentioned sources including field study conducted through interviews with religious scholars and societal reformists. The researcher reviewed customs and traditions at different stages of marriage such as traditional of ma marriage proposals, engagement periods, marriage ceremonies, and customs of weddings, criticized those customs and traditions, and looked at those spheres which are mostly obstructive to the marriage process in Kapisa province. To end the research, some proposals for changing cultural practices hindering Islamic marriage among eligible youths were made.
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Iluk, Jan. "Apistia nie rozrywa małżeństwa. Jan Chryzostom o małżonku (-nce) spoza chrześcijańskiej politei." Vox Patrum 53 (December 15, 2009): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4463.
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Apart from a few treatises on the life of women in an extra-marital state and some short speeches about the dignity of Christian women, John Chrysostom did not engage in longer discourses about marriage. Chrysostom expressed himself most broadly on this subject in his commentary to „The First Letter to the Corinthians”. This and over a dozen other utterances by Chrysostom which I found in his writings allow us to suppose that his assessment of the value of the union between a believer and a non-believer is dictated by the realism of the epoch and not by pure dogma. Such a tone of teaching resonates with the moods of the Antioch community, which seethed with the luxuriant life of the most varied religious communities. Here, a non-believer was a partner also in marriage, hence the use of the „Pauline privilege” in order to remove such a one from a marriage would expose Christians to the accusation of a lack of tolerance at the very least. Knowing his community very well, John Chrysostom brings to the foreground the principle that a non-believer in a married couple is a problem between the non-believer and the Lord. Civil law does not make an impediment of this (such was the Roman tradition) and Canon law (the synods of the 4th century) should not make such impediments either. „Your partner’s relations with the Lord”, Chrysostom continually reminds us, „should not decide about the continuation or the dissolution of the marital union”. The „defence” of a spouse from outside the Christian politeia is also an opportunity to obtain new members of this community.
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Barr, Richard. "Metaphor and Community inThe Lady from the Sea:Remitting Impediments through the Marriage of Skewed Minds." Modern Drama 34, no. 4 (December 1991): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.34.4.471.
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Khan, Younas, Fazal Hanan, Abdullah, Habib ur Rahman, and Asad Ullah. "EXPLORING THE SOCIOCULTURAL IMPEDIMENTS TO FEMALE IN GETTING HIGHER EDUCATION IN PUKHTUN SOCIETY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 3 (May 23, 2021): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9349.
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Purpose of the study: This study was designed to explore the socio-cultural impediments to females getting higher education in pakhtun society.
Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative research method was conducted in district Dir lower Pakistan. A well-structured interviewed schedule (encompassing all the study attributes) was used for primary data collection from 375 female respondents after the pre-test procedure. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics(x2 test) to ascertain the association between dependent (female higher education) and independent (sociocultural impediments) variables.
Principal Findings: Based on the study results, a significant association (P=0.000) was found between the dependent variable and sociocultural attributes; the prevalence of patriarchal norms (P=0.00), preferences of early marriages (P=0.00), fear of sexual harassment (P=0.00), parents carelessness (P=0.00), Parda (veiling for women and protecting their honour) and lack of decision-making power (P=0.00) impedes women from getting their higher education.
Applications of this study: Early marriage is a symbol of female exploitation under the man-made unwritten codes of conduct (Pukhtoonwali) which, should be banned through formal (legislation) and informal agencies (familial and religious) level; with a collaboration of educating female to ensure dethroning the partisan character in the form of patriarchal norms, which women faced since the dawn of the history. A slogan or any other campaign through mass media and print media is the order of the day. The government should ensure to play their role on macro and micro level to eliminate the negative stigmatization of women generally while in getting higher education particularly.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is an attempt to insight into the socio-cultural barriers to female attainment of higher education in pukhtun society through perceptional based study along with quantitative research designs to measure the association between the variables as mentioned above with an amalgamation of an addition to the existing stock of knowledge in the field of sociology of education.
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Hicks-Bartlett, Alani. "“Quanto dovea parergli il dubio buono”: On Doubt, Fidelity Tests, and the Marriage Plot in Ariosto's Orlando furioso." Italica 100, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 130–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23256672.100.2.02.
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Abstract In Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso, the foundational marriage of Bradamante and Ruggiero is the crucial climax to which the entire epic directs itself, yet the text's management of the couple's union and preparation for their nuptials is highly ambiguous. More than extolling the strength and success of the marriage that grounds the dynastic union, the Furioso highlights instead numerous examples of amorous infidelity that insist upon the precarity of faith-based relationships. The emphasis given to the problematic fragility of spousal trust and the attendant failures of proof and “knowledge” illustrate the difficulties of believing the words and promises of others, for instance, which frequently creates an epistemological impasse or crisis for the individual who yearns—often vainly—for absolute certainty and unbreakable faith. Likewise, the concept of marital fidelity itself is also continually doubted, challenged, and essayed throughout the entire Furioso, as various episodes involving fidelity tests demonstrate. By examining fraught authorial assurances to bring readers to the successful union that begins the Este line alongside key fidelity tests that occur in the text prior to the momentous foundational marriage, this article explores the connection between the impediments that hinder the Estense union and Ariosto's scathing authorial commentary on the fragility of all faith-based relationships.
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Kaziev, S. Sh, R. A. Starchenko, and M. V. Mogunova. "Marriages of the urban Kazakhs and Russians of Northern Kazakhstan: current trends and prospects." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 3(58) (September 15, 2022): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-58-3-16.
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Inter-ethnic marriages are relevant markers of the blurring of ethnic boundaries, and they show the degree of integration of the society. Mixed marriages between Russians and Kazakhs were previously rare, despite the continuance of side-by-side residence and tolerant relationships. Among the impediments were the concerns of the Kazakhs about the loss of ethno-cultural traditions and subsequent assimilation. The situation changed since the mid-1990s, when the accelerated urbanization and modernization led to the increase in the number of mixed marriages among the Kazakh population. In this article, main trends in the development of marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs are shown with the example of urban residents of Petropavlovsk from the mid-1990s to 2020. The aim of the work is to study the factors contributing to the intensification or blocking of inter-ethnic mar-riage and to analyze the impact of inter-ethnic marriages on ethno-cultural attitudes and identity. The source base of the study comprised the materials of the act books of the state registration of the civil status acts from the city department of the Civil Registry Office of the Department of Justice of the North Kazakhstan region. The trends identified in the materials of the Civil Registry Office were verified by conducting ethno-sociological studies. The research showed a steady increase in the number of marriages between the Kazakhs and Russians and a change in the attitude of the Kazakhs on the mixed marriages in a positive direction. The analysis of the socio-logical surveys indicates a positive or neutral attitude of the majority of the respondents to the very fact of mixed marriage and its further consequences. Quantitative data on the city of Petropavlovsk confirm the long-term trend of increase in the number of marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs. Qualitative changes are represented by the involvement of Kazakh women in marriages with Russians, since previously such marriages were a rare exception. Inter-ethnic marriages between the Kazakhs and Russians has a profound effect on preservation of ethno-cultural traditions, shifting them towards a «European» family with such characteristics as gender equality and individual choice. However, mixed marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs do not lead to the formation of hybrid and panethnic groups, there is no construction of new ethnic borders. The choice of identity is made primarily by the father. The increase in the proportion of the urban Kazakhs leads to the intensification of inter-ethnic marriage and formation of a two-part local community due to the assimilation of ethnic minorities.
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Jahan, Sultana. "Gender Nonconformity and Casting around Individuality, Free Will and Survival: Sharat Chandra’s Women in His Novel Srikanta." Journal of Arts and Humanities 7, no. 3 (March 9, 2018): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v7i3.1340.
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<p>The present paper is a sincere effort to explore the image of Indian women in the early 19th century social context as depicted in Sharat Chandra’s novel S<em>rikanta</em>. In this novel Sharat Chandra’s portrayal of women characters- Rajlaksmii, Annada, Abhaya , and Kamal Lata assert their individuality, self-worth and deliverances boldly in the then male-controlled and traditional society. These characters are unwavering and resolute enough to cast around an emancipated futuristic outlook. They are all precursors to the later day women characters depicted by the feminist writers. Sharat chandra is not a feminist in the traditional sense nor does he take the side of forceful assertion of women rights but he shows a significant understanding of woman psyche and to a great extent, protests against social and religious double standard that ultimately results in gender nonconformity. He values humanity more than chastity and raises his voice against traditional morality and religious dogmatism in depicting illicit love relationship and in disclosing the deceptions underlying the established marriage custom. To all female characters, Rajlaksmi, Annada,Kamal Lata, and Abhay, marriage fails to provide congenial atmosphere to love and value each other; rather to them, marriage is nothing but religious and social yolk that come up with patriarchal applaud but result in self-deception. This paper is an attempt to elucidate Sharat Chandra’s unconventional idea of chastity and reversed roles of women going deep into the female characters of this novel who fearlessly look down on the patriarchal impediments.</p>
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Raza, Syed Hashim, Rehmana Waris, Samina Akhtar, and Ramish Riaz. "Precochlear Implant Assessment: Clinical Profile and Family History of Children with Severe Bilateral Prelingual Hearing Loss." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 24, no. 04 (February 7, 2020): e457-e461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3402442.
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Abstract Introduction The prevalence of deafness is high in Pakistan. Knowledge regarding the clinical features of patients with profound hearing loss will not only help identify the cause but will also help in the strategic planning for public health interventions. Objective The present study was conducted to cover in detail the clinical aspects of children with hearing loss, that is, age at presentation, associated deficits and disorders, possible cause of the disease, associated family history, and role of consanguineous marriage. Methods The present study was performed from November 2016 to September 2018. All of the patients under 6 years of age with profound bilateral hearing loss who would benefit from cochlear implantation were included in the study. Detailed history was taken. The developmental skills were assessed for all areas, and the patients were scored regarding their motor, manipulative, visual, language, social and self-care skills according to the Schedule of Growing Skills II. Detailed family history was taken from the parents of the affected children. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0, was used for the statistical analysis. Results The mean age of the children to be treated was 3.2 ± 1.25 years. Most patients (51.5%) had a positive family history of disease. Consanguineous marriage was common; the parents of 76.9% of the patients were first-degree relatives. Most patients (90.8%) had associated language impediments. In total, four (Ł3.07%) patients had global developmental delay. Conclusion Consanguineous marriage pattern plays an important role in diseases running in families. Development in these children is strongly linked to their age at the consultation.
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Gunawan, Edi, and Budi Rahmat Hakim. "PELAKSANAAN ITSBAT NIKAH PASCA BERLAKUNYA UU NO. 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA." Syariah Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 18, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v18i2.2319.
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Abstrak: Itsbat nikah merupakan sebuah proses penetapan pengesahan pernikahan yang telah dilangsungkan berdasarkan syariat Islam, namun tidak dicatat di KUA. Tujuan dari itsbat nikah adalah untuk mendapatkan akta nikah sebagai bukti sahnya perkawinan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia, sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 2 ayat (1) dan (2) UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 dan pasal 7 ayat (1), (2), dan (3) Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Prosedur pengajuan itsbat nikah di Pengadilan Agama Manado setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 yaitu, melakukan pendaftaran ke Pengadilan Agama Manado, membayar panjar biaya perkara, menunggu panggilan sidang dari pengadilan, serta menghadiri persidangan dan putusan pengadilan. Ada beberapa yang menjadi alasan pengajuan itsbat nikah di Pengadilan Agama Manado, antara lain; (1) kehilangan akta nikah, (2) pengurusan perceraian, (3) Perkawinan yang dilangsungkan sebelum berlakunya UU No. 1 Tahun 1974, dan (4) perkawinan yang dilakukan oleh mereka yang tidak mempunyai halangan perkawinan menurut Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974. Perkara itsbat nikah (pengesahan nikah) bisa diajukan secara voluntair (permohonan) dan diajukan secara kontentius (gugatan) ke pengadilan agama. Dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam memberikan penetapan itsbat nikah di Pengadilan Agama Manado diantaranya yaitu: 1) Legal standing (kedudukan hukum) pemohon untuk mengajukan perkara itsbat nikah di pengadilan agama berdasarkan ketentuan pasal 7 ayat (4) KHI, 2) Posita (fakta kejadian dan fakta hukum), 3) Keterangan saksi dan bukti di persidangan, serta 4) Alasan-alasan mengajukan itsbat nikah. Kata Kunci: Perkawinan, Itsbat Nikah, Voluntair, Pengadilan Agama Abstract: Itsbat of marriage is an endorsement of the assignment process, which has been held on the basis of Islamic jurisprudence, but not recorded at KUA. The goal of itsbat is to get a marriage license deed as evidence of legitimate marriage in accordance with the legislation in force in Indonesia, as provided for in article 2 paragraph (1) and (2) of law No. 1 of the year 1974 and article 7 paragraph (1), (2) and (3) Compilation Of Islamic Law. Itsbat procedure for making marriage a religious Court in Manado, after the enactment of law number 1 year of 1974, namely, registration to court Religious bias, pay fees, waiting for the call from the Court of session, as well as attend the trial and the verdict of the Court. There are some who became the reason of filing itsbat of marriage in a religious Court in Manado, among others; (1) the lost deed, (2) management, (3) the marriage took place before the enactment of law No. 1 year 1974, and (4) a marriage conducted by those who have no impediments to marriage according to the law No. 1 year 1974. Itsbat matter of marriage (endorsement of marriage) may be filed in voluntair (the petition) and filed in kontentius (the suit) to the Court. Basic consideration of judges in giving the setting of itsbat marriage in a religious Court in Manado of which namely: 1) Legal standing (legal position) the applicant to litigate itsbat marriage in a religious court based on the provisions of article 7 paragraph (4) KHI, 2) Posita (facts and legal facts of the incident), 3) witnesses and evidence in the trial, as well as 4) the reasons for filing the itsbat marriage.
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Barr, Richard L. "Metaphor and Community in The Lady from the Sea: Remitting Impediments through the Marriage of Skewed Minds." Modern Drama 34, no. 4 (1991): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mdr.1991.0023.
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Russell, Mona L. "Beauty Standards in Egypt." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 17, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 366–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-9306846.
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Abstract The creation of a hybrid beauty in the cartoon sphere and in advertising intersected with popular and consumer culture at a moment when women’s roles in the public sphere were changing. Politically the nation was at a crossroads: the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 removed most impediments toward Egyptian independence; however, British troops remained in the Suez Canal zone. With respect to economic history, multinationals were expanding in Egypt, while an emerging bourgeoisie worked to establish local industries. With World War II came economic crisis: inflation, profiteering, black markets, rising inequality, and the return of British troops to strategic locations around the country. This article argues that the hybrid beauty represents the push and pull between women’s emerging roles in public spaces and traditional values, imperialism versus authenticity, local industry competing against multinationals, and a negotiation of new roles for husbands and wives in companionate marriage.
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DeLoach, Charlene P. "Attitudes Toward Disability: Impact on Sexual Development and Forging of Intimate Relationships." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 25, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.25.1.18.
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This article presents an overview of research on attitudes toward persons with disabilities and discusses how these attitudes adversely affect their social status and their perceived sexuaitty. While the existence of a disability tends to evoke negative reactions and feelings of discomfort in others, these feelings and reactions vary in intensity, according to type of disability and the context in which a social interaction occurs, and in the affect they have on adults and children. For adults with disabilities, acceptance comes more readily when they are perceived as fellow employees or casual friends than when they are perceived as potential dating or marriage partners. For children with disabilities, myths concerning the asexuality of persons with disabilities in general often lead to behaviors on the part of others which result in impaired sexual development. Therefore, possible impediments to the development of a healthy sexuality and potential interventions are identified for Erikson's first six stages of psychosocial development, from infancy through young adulthood.
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Silva, Lurdes da Balbina Vidigal Rodrigues. "Sociocultural Relevance of Communication Strategies of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Programmes in Mozambique: A Study of Programa Geração Biz Activities in Nampula Province." Afrika Focus 33, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03301003.
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Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) challenges in Mozambique include early marriages, early pregnancies and HIV/AIDS. In 1999 the Programa Geração Biz (PGB) was created to address youths’ problems and improve their sexual and reproductive health (SRH). However, studies show Mozambican youths continue to be exposed to risks related to their SRH. Mozambique is a multicultural country but only 40% of Mozambicans speak Portuguese, the official language, while 93.5% of the population uses a Bantu language as their mother tongue. This raises an important issue – should PGB communication strategies (CS) take into account the country’s complex cultural reality? Studies recognise the role of culture in enhancing effective delivery of communication programmes. Concurrently, studies point to a lack of research analyzing CS of health campaigns. This paper’s aims are: (i) to examine PGB communication strategies; (ii) identify cultural challenges to these strategies; and (iii) determine the implications of these impediments for the PGB. Research methods included non-participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Research questions were based on the McGuire Communication/Persuasion Model, and data analyzed thematically using Nvivo Pro11. Results revealed the following: (i) interpersonal methods are used to deliver preventive messages, with sociocultural approaches often ignored or not used to reduce cultural barriers; (ii) cultural chal¬lenges identified include initiation rites, taboos surrounding sexuality, language and health terminologies, and parents’ attitudes towards early marriages; and (iii) these factors hinder effective delivery of programme messages. The conclusion is that the CS used by PGB does not sufficiently take into account the Mozambican sociocultural context. Taboos around sexuality have silenced open communication in this regard. Ideas of sexual abstinence, condom use and campaigns against early marriage stand in opposition to certain orientations of traditional initiations.
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Прокофьев, А. В. "Benevolence and Abhorrence of Incest (the Case of Francis Hutcheson)." Диалог со временем, no. 77(77) (November 29, 2021): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.77.77.008.
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В статье реконструированы представления Фрэнсиса Хатчесона об истоках и моральном статусе запрета на инцест. Интерпретация этого запрета создает затруднения для любой теории морали, которая отождествляет ее содержание с непричинением вреда и помощью другому человеку. Степень морального осуждения инцеста не соответствует его относительной безвредности для других (в категориях, используемых Хатчесоном, участники инцестуальных отношений не проявляют явного «недостатка благожелательности»). Автор показывает, как Хатчесон, обсуждая универсальность морального чувства и моральные препятствия для заключения брака, пытается редуцировать «отвращение к инцесту» к благожелательным переживаниям. The paper reconstructs Francis Hutcheson’s view on the moral status of incest and origins of the incest prohibition. The phenomenon of incest creates problems for every theory of morality that identifies its content with other-regarding requirements. The intensity of moral blame that incestuous behavior faces is not consistent with its relative harmlessness in comparison with violence or refusal to help (in Hutcheson’s terms, participants of incestuous relationships do not express ‘want of benevolence’). The author shows how Hutcheson reduces the ‘abhorrence of incest’ to benevolent affections in his discussions of the universality of moral sense and moral impediments of marriage.
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Yusuff, Olabisi Sherifat. "Reproductive Rights and Reproductive Choice of Yoruba Women in Southwestern Nigeria." Advanced Journal of Social Science 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajss.6.1.138-151.
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While some social and health comes have improved significantly for women, significant gaps remain in the achievement of reproductive health rights and women’s choice. Women are still constrained by social, legal, religious and cultural impediments and family power dynamics from acting on their desires. The objective of this paper therefore is to examine the reproductive rights and choice of women entrepreneurs in South Western Nigeria Ibadan. The study adopts Rational Choice Theory and Gender role theory as theoretical guide. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data generation were employed. One Hundred and Twenty questionnaires were distributed to women with ten years marital experiences. The distribution of hundred and twenty questionnaires to women respondents was obtained through snowball method. Only In-depth interview conducted among 24women through purposive sampling techniques was employed to generate qualitative data. Quantitative information was analysed through simple percentage and frequency distribution. Findings from the study revealed that women’s reproductive decision-making processes are greatly influenced by their partners ranging from their age at first marriage, their access to family planning and abortion., which also given by the women as challenges on their reproductive rights in Sango, Ibadan.
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D’Amelio, Maria Elena. "Chiara Ferragni, fashion and digital brand-mom activism." Film, Fashion & Consumption 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ffc_00060_1.
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Chiara Ferragni is a renowned fashion influencer and transnational celebrity. After her hyper-celebrated marriage with Italian rapper Fedez and the creation of the international celebrity brand Ferragnez, Chiara Ferragni is now a full transmedia celebrity, with the docu-film Chiara Ferragni-Unposted (2019) and her participation in the 2023 Sanremo Festival, the main national popular television singing event in Italy. The aim of this article is to analyse Ferragni’s transmedia communication during her Sanremo appearances through her use of fashion as a communicative strategy to raise awareness of the complexity of maternal identity. My argument is that Chiara Ferragni’s maternal celebrity image is an example of what I label digital brand-mom activism: her maternal identity becomes part of the self-branding and is framed in the neo-liberal emphasis of individual choice and ‘have it all’ mentality popularized by Sheryl Sandberg and her Lean In manifesto. The maternal crisis is thus resolved in a generic and superficial exhortation to ‘be yourself’, without questioning the real reasons of the contemporary crisis of motherhood, related to persistent gender stereotypes and structural social impediments for working mothers.
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Mavuka, Anotida, Conillia Mashiri, and Sneddon Soko. "Socio-economic factors affecting access to birth registration among children born out of marriage: A study conducted in Harare." African Journal of Social Work 13, no. 4 (August 30, 2023): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i4.4.
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Africa, conceptually, geographically, politically, economically, religiously and socially is in bondage. Zimbabwe faces the problemof officially registering the births of children born out of marriage and other vulnerable children. This study explored the socioeconomic barriers hindering the Zimbabwe government birth registration of children born out of marrriage in the Harare central district of Zimbabwe. The impediments encountered by parents and guardians of children born out of marrriage have also emerged as a global human rights issue, with over 237 million children under the age of 5 without birth registration as at 7th July 2021, following the UNICEF birth registration tracking. Using qualitative phenomenology design, the study investigated livedexperiences of parents within the Harare Central district area. The participants were selected using the snowball samplingtechnique, while three key informants were purposively sampled by the researchers. The study findings indicated that there are aplethora of socio-economic challenges emanating from a deficient government registration system, more inclined to cater for theurban based population than the rural folk. Additionally, general poverty among the majority of the population played a significantrole for the majority, who could not afford transport fees to travel to registration centre among many others. Moreover, religiousand other patriarchal cultural practices hinder access to birth registration. How to reference using ASWNet style:Mavuka, A., Mashiri, C. & Soko, S. (2023). Socio-economic factors affecting access to birth registration among children born out of marrriage: a study conducted in Harare. African Journal of Social Work, 13(4), 207-216. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i4.4 Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
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Arjmand, Reza, and Maryam Ziari. "Sexuality and concealment among Iranian young women." Sexualities 23, no. 3 (November 21, 2018): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460718797047.
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Criminalization of sexual relations outside the institution of marriage in Iran fosters – among other means – concealment as one of the safest methods to undermine social and legal impediments. In a context where any alternative practices of sexualities are subject to persecution, sexual concealments are applied as tactics for survival. The female body in such a normative-laden society is conditioned by its “openness” which makes it a subject of honor for family and kin and core for the management of desire and regulating the intimate for the theocratic state. Based on life stories of young women who have had pre-marital sexual relations in Tehran, this article addresses sexual concealment as the main method used by those women. Findings of the study suggest a three-fold model of concealment practiced in various social settings. Body concealment which was encouraged by the families and authorities to reduce the visibility of the female body during adolescence, engenders other types of concealment. Lesbian-like practices were utilized by women in homosocial settings to undermine the heteronormative social structure. Concealment of sexual orientations, desires and practices was applied to “keep the order of things in place” and to undermine the repressive policies and practices based on the socio-religious normative.
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Kwirinus, Dismas. "Pencatatan Perkawinan Campuran Beda Agama Berdasarkan Hukum Kanonik dan Hukum Positif." Kamaya: Jurnal Ilmu Agama 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37329/kamaya.v7i1.2809.
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The focus of this research examines the registration of mixed religious marriages based on canon law and positive law. The topic of study is related to the legal instruments governing mixed religious marriages, the implementation of mixed religious marriages based on Church law and positive law. The aim of this study is to serve as a guideline for government agencies that have firm authority regarding marriage and everything related to marriage. Researchers used descriptive qualitative methods and critical reading of texts, namely: (1) Canon Law 1124-1129; (2) Law Number 1 of 1974 article 2 paragraph (1) in conjunction with article 66; (3) Law Number 23 of 2006. The results and findings in this research are that interfaith marriages can be obtained and registered with the Civil Registry Officer and obtain a Deed and Excerpt from the Marriage Certificate, requiring first a decision from the court as regulated in article 35 Law no. 23 of 2006. Meanwhile, marriages issued by the Catholic Church do not receive enough Marriage Certificate Excerpts from the Population and Civil Registration Service. The conclusion from this research is that the implementation of a Mixed Mexta Religio marriage must first obtain a license from the Church authorities, because the marriage is a prohibited marriage. It is seen as a prohibition because there are many elements of similarity and togetherness between the Christian and Catholic Churches. Meanwhile, Marriage Disparity Cultus is seen as an obstacle to marriage (impedimentum disparity cultus) and to confirm this marriage a dispensation is needed.
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Widyawati, Fransiska. "Menilik Pembatasan Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan dalam Perkawinan Beda Agama di Indonesia." Jurnal Ledalero 22, no. 2 (December 23, 2023): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.31385/jl.v22i2.378.186-199.
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<p>Abstract: The right to marry and the right to practice a religion are fundamental human rights that are not mutually exclusive. The fulfilment of one does not necessitate the compromise of the other. However, in Indonesia, many couples from diverse religious backgrounds face complexities in exercising these rights due to the constraints<br />imposed by Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974, which does not explicitly accommodate interfaith marriages. According to this law, the legal recognition of a marriage necessitates a religious ceremony, and religious institutions often resist interfaith marriages. They typically urge couples from different religions to adopt a common faith to facilitate their acceptance into matrimony. This requirement often compels individuals to convert to their partner’s religion, thereby challenging their freedom of religion and belief. In the pursuit of a legally recognized marriage, individuals may find themselves coerced into relinquishing their religious freedom. This article examines the challenges faced in actualizing human rights and religious freedom in Indonesia within the context of interfaith<br />marriages. The methodology employed is Critical Discourses Analysis (CDA), a critical study based on text (in this case, Marriage Law No. 1/194) and context (random examples). Through critical analysis, this article posits that government regulations requiring legal recognition of marriages by religious institutions serve as an impediment to the fulfilment of religious rights and beliefs for citizens engaged in interfaith relationships. Consequently, this article advocates for amendments to the marriage regulations to actualize the human rights of freedom of religion<br />and belief.</p><p><br />Key words: Marriage, Human Rights, Indonesia, Marriage Law, Inter-religious Marriage</p>
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Caparros, Ernest. "La « civilizatio » du droit canonique: une problématique du droit québécois." Les Cahiers de droit 18, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 711–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042191ar.
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Civilizatio means for the author the phenomenon of integration in the State Law of some rules of Canon Law, by opposition to the notion of Canonizatio, put out forward by V. del Giudice, illustrating the opposite operation, viz. the integration into Canon Law of rules of the State Law. The author illustrated this phenomenon of Civilizatio in the Civil Law of Québec, and more specificaly in relation to article 127 of the Québec Civil Code. The Despatie Case is taken as the dividing point of the article. In the first part (The Apogee of Civilizatio) the author underlines the extensive interpretation of article 127 that allows the courts to accept the religious impediments of marriage. This civilizatio, until 1921 went further; the Québec courts limited themselves to ratifying the decisions of the ecclesiastical tribunals. However, this civilizatio of the jurisprudence found a few opponents among the judges. The second part (The Decline of civilizatio) is dedicated to the study of the DespatieCase and its effect on Québec jurisprudence. This decision of the Privy Council has not been followed unanimously by the Québec courts. The author points out how some courts have followed the precedent reluctantly, while others have set the precedent aside explicitly or implicitly, for different reasons, one of those reasons being that the interpretation given by the Privy Council to article 127, reducing it to a mere matter of conscience, made it empty of any juridical sense. Nevertheless, in 1972 the Québec Court of Appeal laconically confirmed the decision of the Privy Council. This article, at the same time, explicitly illustrates the phenomenon of civilizatio, and implicitly illustrates the practice of certain jurisdictions which empowers the courts not only to interpret a legal provision, but also to alter its meaning.
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Roy, Nitai, Md Bony Amin, Maskura Jahan Maliha, Bibhuti Sarker, Md Aktarujjaman, Ekhtear Hossain, and Gourango Talukdar. "Prevalence and factors associated with family planning during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): e0257634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257634.
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Background and objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted health systems worldwide, including in Bangladesh, limiting access to family planning information (FP) and services. Unfortunately, the evidence on the factors linked to such disruption is limited, and no study has addressed the link among Bangladeshis. This study aimed to examine the socioeconomic, demographic, and other critical factors linked to the use of FP in the studied areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The characteristics of the respondents were assessed using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey and descriptive statistics. The variables that were substantially linked with FP usage were identified using a Chi-square test. In addition, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the parameters linked to FP in the study areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The prevalence of FP use among currently married 15–49 years aged women was 36.03% suggesting a 23% (approximately) decrease compared to before pandemic data. Results also showed that 24.42% of the respondents were using oral contraceptive pills (OCP) which is lower than before pandemic data (61.7%). Multivariate regression analysis provided broader insight into the factors affecting FP use. Results showed that woman’s age, education level of the respondents, working status of the household head, locality, reading a newspaper, FP workers’ advice, currently using OCP, ever used OCP, husbands’ supportive attitude towards OCP use, duration of the marriage, ever pregnant, the number of children and dead child were significantly associated with FP use in the study areas during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions This study discusses unobserved factors that contributed to a reduction in FP use and identifies impediments to FP use in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 epidemic. This research further adds to our understanding of FP usage by revealing the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on FP use in Bangladesh’s rural and urban areas.
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Sultana, Tanzin, and Durdana Nower. "Nora's Transcendental Consciousness from Marianne's Sensibility: A Reading of Ibsen's A Doll's House and Austen's Sense and Sensibility." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.9.21.
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This paper attempts to bring out the nineteenth century's women’s quest for self-respect and self-actuality in the mirror of Nora’s developing consciousness following Marianne’s growing sensibility. Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility, and Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House are two prominent genres of ninetieth century’s English literature where both writers show the contemporary women’s soul being entangled to social norms as well as their gradual try to be non-conformist against these norms by their thought and action. In the 19th century, English society creates impediments for unmarried women like Marianne and married women like Nora to think and to talk in their way. It is the patriarchal society where women’s social dignity and security depend on their marital status and husbands. Since marriage is their identity, they show their loyalty and sincerity to their husbands or the men they love. In Austen’s novel, as an ordinary woman, Marianne takes Willoughby’s attention as a scared bonding and challenges the seniors’ matured advice. In Ibsen’s play, Nora does forgery and secretly takes a loan to save her sick husband’s life. She considers it a spouse’s duty and believes that her husband will understand her as he cares for her. When the time comes, both Marianne and Nora betray their loyalty from their partners to whom they are not human beings but puppets to be entertained. From this violation of trust, they realize that they need to be considered human beings first before being respected women in a family and society. It is their strength that despite being taken as soulless creatures, they dare to think about own self beyond the society and become self-reliant. Their growing self-reliance makes today’s women progressive in creating a space in society and family for themselves as human beings.
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Shah, Md Faruk, Kazi K. Shahidullah, and Fahmida Sultana. "Education Status of the Santal Community in Northern Bangladesh." Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Research 49, no. 2 (May 21, 2024): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/twjer.v49i2.71996.
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Bangladesh is a land of cultural diversity, with several small ethnic groups living across the country, each with its own tradition and identity. The purpose of this study is to explore the educational status of the Santal community, one of the largest ethnic groups residing mainly in the northern part of Bangladesh. This study adopted a qualitative approach, using a case study as methodology. Data were collected through interviews, group discussions, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the educational status of the Santal community is characterized by poor enrolment, continuity and literacy rate. Despite receiving primary education, their attainment rate declines in the secondary, higher secondary, and university levels. In this regard, various socioeconomic factors contribute to the low educational attainment rate. The Santal children are unable to continue their studies mainly due to poverty. Furthermore, language barriers, future employment uncertainty, child marriage, gender discrimination, industrialization and cultural impediments are primarily responsible for low educational attainment. They are already fighting to make ends meet, so adding the expense of school to their list of concerns is excessive. Despite this, the majority of the young people, especially those who are currently pursuing education, acknowledge the value of education and aspire to improve their situation by reaching a high social position through educational attainment. It illustrates that the current generation is aware of the importance of education and is eager to continue their studies. As a case study, the results of this research demonstrate how ethnic groups have struggled to get education in Bangladesh and what steps should be taken to enhance education status, so adding to the existing literature on education and policy. The findings may also be useful for policymakers concerned in improving the educational status of ethnic groups, notably the Santal community. Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Research, 49 (2),173-196
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Guimarães, Raquel Rangel de Meireles, Nayara Abreu Julião, and Thaila Renata Teixeira Doria. "Girls should be Girls: The Impact of Child Marriage on Human Development." Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico em Debate 6, no. 2 (November 17, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18616/rdsd.v6i2.5900.
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Child marriage is a violation of Human Rights and an impediment to social and economic development, it is strongly rooted in gender inequality. In Brazil, this practice has a predominantly informal and consensual quality, they often involve adult men married to girls in early puberty. The objective of this study is to synthesize the literature on the impact of child marriage on the most diverse indicators of human development - such as education, labor market, health, fertility, violence and female empowerment. In summary, the literature reveals that child marriage has a negative impact on these indicators, and this corroborates the urge to eliminate this phenomenon, which will ensure women’s right to a full economic and social life.
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Jamatia, Purna Laxmi. "Dowry System: An Impediment to Women Empowerment." Journal of Media,Culture and Communication, no. 22 (March 25, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jmcc22.8.13.
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The term "dowry" is used to describe the gifts given to the groom by the bride's family at the time of the wedding. These gifts can take the form of property, money, ornaments, or other forms of wealth. Dowry is a problem in Indian marriage as well as a cultural tradition. It's become a business transaction in which the bride's financial status is more important than her individual qualities. Principle 4 of the Cairo Manifesto from 1994 states, "the advancement of gender equality and equity, the empowerment of women, the elimination of all kinds of violence against women, and the promotion of women's control over their own fertility are the corner stones of human development." A woman's and a girl's right to an education and a safe and healthy life is fundamental to the protection of all human rights. Stopping all forms of discrimination on the basis of gender and ensuring that women have full and equal access to all aspects of society, from the household to the boardroom, are two of the world's most important issues.
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Kholoussy, Hanan. "Stolen Husbands, Foreign Wives: Mixed Marriage, Identity Formation, and Gender in Colonial Egypt, 1909-1923." Hawwa 1, no. 2 (2003): 206–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920803100420342.
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AbstractThis paper explores the multiple ways in which Egyptian women and men conceptualized mixed marriage between Egyptian men and European women from 1909 to 1923. It argues that mixed marriage in colonial Egypt was a contested site of national identity formation that attracted the growing attention of writers. The debates on mixed marriage provide convincing evidence of the political and cultural anxieties which often underwrote experiments in colonial modernity. I aim to situate mixed marriage—where these anxieties particularly coalesced—as a place in which notions of colonial modernity were produced and reproduced as a condition for the enlightenment and progress of the Egyptian nation and its citizens, most notably its women. As the sources make clear, tensions about marriage between Egyptian men and European women evolved out of the particular circumstances of the British occupation. These anxieties coalesced particularly in critiques that often portrayed mixed marriage as endangering the marital futures of Egyptian women, and the political and cultural identities of mixed marriage offspring, the family, and the Egyptian nation by extension. An analysis of these debates will reveal that mixed marriage was often portrayed as an impediment—and sometimes as a facilitator—to Egypt's path of modernity. I argue that these writers used mixed marriage to critique Egyptian men's and women's gendered roles as fathers, husbands, mothers, and wives. In doing so, they aimed to construct a new vision of the family and society as sites of modernity where the Egyptian colony could reform and prove to be 'modern' and, thus, worthy of political independence.
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Cvejic-Jancic, Olga. "Law on marriage in Vojvodina in the period between two world wars." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 125 (2008): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0825033c.
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The conditions for marriage under the prewar law in Vojvodina were numerous and more complex than in our contemporary law. In the prevailing part of Vojvodina in that time there was in effect the Hungarian Family Law Act from 1894 by which civil marriage was introduced and religious differences were abolished as a marriage impediment. Religious form of marriage was still in effect in Srem and in those parts of Vojvodina which were before unification under Austrian jurisdiction (Military Border). Cohabitation was not recognized and had no family law effects. Legal status of the children born out of wedlock was much worse than the legal status of the children born in wedlock. Discrimination on the ground of sex was a rule, not only in the law of Vojvodina, but also in other parts of The Kingdom of Yugoslavia. For example, women could get married only with the dispensation of the minister of justice, at the age of 16, while men could get married at 18. Woman was subordinate to her husband and could legally represent only her children born out of wedlock. She could exceptionally be the legal representative of her children born in wedlock.
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Apel, Robert. "The Effects of Jail and Prison Confinement on Cohabitation and Marriage." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 665, no. 1 (April 10, 2016): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716216629360.
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This study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to explore the relationship between incarceration and the stability of cohabiting and marital relationships. Self-report dates of relatively short confinement in jail or prison (median one month) are linked with data on cohabitation and residential partnerships, by month, from ages 18 to 32. I estimate the effects of incarceration on transitions into and out of cohabitation and marriage while controlling for other salient life events (e.g., employment, parenthood). Findings indicate that incarceration precipitates an immediate and persistent disruption in residential partnerships and is also a long-term impediment to the transition to marriage (but not the transition to cohabitation). The long-term disruption in existing residential partnerships applies equally to females and males, as well as to whites, African Americans (males only), and Hispanics.
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Buchori, Ahmad, Mohd Din, and Sulaiman Sulaiman. "Inkonsistensi Penegakan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pidana Perkawinan Halangan Menurut Pasal 279 KUHP Di Provinsi Aceh." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i1.3124.
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Obstacle marriage is a criminal act prohibited in Article 279 of the Criminal Code, categorized as a crime of origin of marriage. Law enforcement against perpetrators of criminal acts mentioned in Article 279 of the Criminal Code is still experiencing inconsistencies, considering that crimes against the head of marriage have different interpretations from law enforcers. The purpose of this study is to look at the law enforcement process against criminal acts as an impediment to marriage in Aceh and to find out the reasons for the inconsistency of law enforcement against marriage crimes. The method in this study uses an empirical approach, which this approach combines legal and empirical (field) studies. Data collection techniques in this study using interviews. The results of the study indicate that law enforcement carried out by law enforcement officers such as the police, prosecutors and courts still have different understandings of the elements of criminal acts in Article 279 of the Criminal Code. This difference can be seen from the understanding of Article 279 of the Criminal Code regarding barriers to marriage. The lack of consistency in the law enforcement process for violations of Article 279 is because the law in Indonesia does not adhere to a legally binding system of jurisprudence in imposing criminal charges so each judge can interpret the article differently. In this regard, policymakers should provide clear conditions regarding violations of the origin of marriage in Article 279 of the Criminal Code, so there is no interpretation among law enforcement officers.
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Kaličanin, Milena, and Hristina Aksentijevic. "COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE AND ITS IMPACT ON SHAKESPEARE’S PASTORAL COMEDY AS YOU LIKE IT." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 35 (2021): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.35.2021.4.
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The paper explores the origins, development and basic genre features of сommedia dell'arte. The first part of the paper deals with the archetypal comic elements of сommedia dell'arte. The historical significance of this type of comedy, as Pandolfi (1957) stresses, lies in the fact that it unequivocally confirms the autonomy of theatrical art by imposing the neverending quest for the freedom to critically examine all the aspects of social life without any dose of censorship or limitations. Its comic pattern has the roots in the grotesque and absurdity of real life, which allows for the actors to fully affirm their artistic aspirations. Shakespeare’s romantic and pastoral comedy focuses on the final reconciliation or conversion of the blocking characters rather than their punishment: the rival brothers Oliver and Orlando are reconciled; Duke Frederick is miraculously converted. This was also a theme present in the medieval tradition of the seasonal ritual play, as Frye notices and claims that “we may call it the drama of the green world, its plot being assimilated to the ritual theme of the triumph of life and love over the waste land...Thus the action of the comedy begins in a world represented as a normal world, moves into the green world, goes into metamorphosis there in which the comic resolution is achieved, and returns to the normal world” (Frye 1957, 182). The Forest of Arden in As You Like It represents an emanation of Frye’s “green world”, which is analogous to the dream world, the world of our desires. In this symbolical victory of summer over winter, we have an illustration of “the archetypal function of literature in visualizing the world of desire, not as an escape from ’reality’, but as the genuine form of the world that human life tries to imitate” (Frye 1957, 184). In addition, the marriage between Orlando and Rosalind takes place in the Forest of Arden not by a coincidence. This is Shakespeare’s vision of the final unity and healing only to be accomplished in the ‘Mother’ Forest, as Hughes terms it (1992, 110), which ultimately represents a symbol of totality of nature and men’s psychic completeness. In Frye’s reading of Shakespeare’s green world, an identical idea of the heroine as the lost soul is expressed: “In the rituals and myths the earth that produces the rebirth is generally a female figure, and the death and revival, or disappearance and withdrawal of human figures in romantic comedy generally involves the heroine” (Frye 1957, 183). Thus, Rosalind represents the epitome of the matriarchal earth goddess that revives the hero and at the same time brings about the comic resolution by disguising herself as a boy (for those members of the audience and/or readers who regard the play as an instance of Hughes’ passive ritual drama and thus primarily enjoy the process of the young lovers’ overcoming various impediments on the way to a desirable end of the play).
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Gregor, Martin, and Valéria Terézia Dančiaková. "Schmiegelt, Christian: Die historische Entwicklung der Eheverbote wegen Verwandtschaft und Schwägerschaft vom Reichspersonenstandsgesetz bis zum Eheschlieβungsrechtsgesetz (1875 bis 1998)." Bratislava Law Review 8, no. 1 (July 7, 2024): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2024.8.1.866.
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We would like to draw attention to a new German monograph that presents an extensive historical-theoretical probe of the problem of marriage impediment bound to kinship, affines, and sexual communion. Although it deals primarily with the development of German lawmaking since the promulgation of the Law on personal status (Reichspersonenstandsgesetz) from the year 1875 up to present reform opinions de lege ferenda, its theoretical scope could be extremely beneficial for all persons interested in marital law solely considering the comparative aspect.
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Barasa, Violet Nasambu. "Culture as an Impediment to Socio-Economic Development in Henry Ole Kulet’s Blossoms of the Savannah." International Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics 4, no. 1 (August 21, 2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ijlll-riyjll5c.
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This paper examines how Maasai traditional cultural practices and beliefs in Ole Kulet‘s novel Blossoms of the Savannah hinder socio-economic development. The cultural practices that incumber socio-economic progress has implication on both the immediate Maasai community (as illustrated through Nasila village) and the society at large. In most societies in Africa, traditional and cultural practices inform and influence the daily experiences and behavior of its people. Early marriages and female genital mutilation are practiced in a number of communities across the African continent in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Guinea among others. One of this communities is the Maasai community in Kenya which is the physical setting of Blossoms of the savannah. Some traditional practices among the Maasai are detrimental as is evident in the long-term impact on the psychological, physical and the general wellbeing of its members. This paper focuses on the intertwinement of early marriages, female genital mutilation (FGM), and patriarchy and how they impact the socio-economic development in the society. Early marriages and female genital mutilation practices are socio-economically retrogressive in a 21st century society. These traditional practices and customs have roots in the social, cultural, economic, historical and political discourse encapsulated within the patriarchal structures and realized through gender inequality. This paper therefore focuses on how the traditional practices impede the realization of development in the Maasai community as advanced in Blossoms of the Savannah.
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Haq, Iqramul, Mahabub Alam, and Injamul Haq Methun. "Contributions of Proximate Determinants to Fertility Transition in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Bongaarts’ Fertility Model." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 7, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.06.
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Introduction: Fertility transition is outright by prime four proximate determinants (marriage, contraception, postpartum infecundability, and abortion). The present study examines the contributions of proximate determinants on fertility decline and quantifies inhibiting the effect of major proximate determinants according to the socioeconomic characteristics in Bangladesh. Methods: The current study was based mainly on the three Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) carried out in 1993- 1994, 2004, and 2014. Bongaarts’ fertility framework was applied to analyze the proximate determinants of fertility in the socioeconomic status of women in Bangladesh. Results: In 1993-1994, contraception was the greatest impediment to fertility followed by postpartum infecundability, marriage, and induced abortion, respectively. In 2014, contraception was the highest fertility obstructing effect followed by marriage, postpartum infecundability, and abortion, respectively, in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. Throughout the study period and even now, fertility is revered in the Sylhet and Chittagong divisions of Bangladesh. The fertility-inhibiting effect of marriage, contraception, and abortion has an affirmative relationship with the educational status of women. Postpartum infecundability, however, displays an inverse relationship with the educational status of women. Conclusion: The current study suggests that contraception plays a vital role in fertility reduction in Bangladesh. In particular, special attention should be placed on those regions (Chittagong and Sylhet divisions) that register low contraception prevalence rates. Special programs should focus on creating an awareness of the disadvantages of child marriage among women who reside in the division of Chittagong and Sylhet of Bangladesh.