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1
Plys, Kristin. "Theorizing Capitalist Imperialism for an Anti-Imperialist Praxis." Journal of World-Systems Research 27, no. 1 (2021): 288–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2021.1022.
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How does one craft an explicitly left theory of anti-imperialism that would animate an anti-imperialist praxis? World-systems analysis has a long history of engagement with theories of anti-imperialism from an explicitly Leninist perspective. For the founding fathers of World-Systems Analysis—Immanuel Wallerstein, Giovanni Arrighi, Samir Amin, and Andre Gunder Frank—anti-imperialism was an early central concern. Each of the four founders of world-systems analysis reads Lenin’s theory of imperialism seriously, but each has slightly different interpretations. One significant commonality they share is that they adopt Lenin’s periodization of imperialism, seeing imperialism as emergent in the late 19th century as part of a particular stage within the historical development of capitalism. However, as I will argue in this essay, perhaps it would be preferable to temporally expand Lenin’s concept of imperialism. Walter Rodney’s concept of “capitalist imperialism,” as I shall show in this essay, similarly calls Lenin’s periodization into question. Thereby, putting Rodney in conversation with Amin, Arrighi, Frank, and Wallerstein, leads me to further historicize world-systems’ theories of global imperialism thereby refining existing theories and levying that to build stronger praxis.
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Koch, Ernesto. "Uruguay. Ein lateinamerikanisches Modell?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 36, no. 142 (2006): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v36i142.571.
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A history of social struggles in Uruguay is given, from the fights against the Spaniards in early 19th century until the present time. These fights were always influenced by imperialist appropriation of the country. After the Spain has withdrawn it was at first the English Imperialism, later the US-Imperialism which forced Uruguay’s economy to serve its needs. A comprise between rival fractions of Uruguay’s ruling class brought the country a long lasting period of stability and also some social reforms. Economic crisis, increasing social protest and a brutal military regime ended this period in the early seventies. A broad coalition of the Left Frente Amplio could not only survive the military regime, it grew continuously under democratic conditions. Since 1989 Frente Amplio rules in Montevideo, capital and biggest department of the country, and in 2004, its candidate won the presidential elections, starting a new economic policy as well as a new foreign policy.
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Facius, Michael. "Transcultural Philology in 19th-century Japan: The Case of Shigeno Yasutsugu (1827-1910)." Philological Encounters 3, no. 1-2 (2018): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340037.
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Abstract The article explores the role of transcultural encounters for the development of the thought and philology of Shigeno Yasutsugu, an eminent Japanese scholar of history and Chinese learning in 19th-century Japan. It argues that a close look at the impact of Shigeno’s encounters with Western diplomats, Chinese scholar-officials and a German historian illuminates the richness in the biography of a scholar whom the literature has valued predominantly for his role in the introduction of “modern” Western historiography. Through an analysis of the multilayered foundations of his scholarly practice, the article aims to demonstrate the use of a transcultural paradigm in engaging the complexity of the history of knowledge in a period of Western imperialism.
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Hussin, Nordin. "Trading Networks of Malay Merchants and Traders in the Straits of Melaka from 1780 to 1830." Asian Journal of Social Science 40, no. 1 (2012): 51–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853112x632566.
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Abstract Malay merchants and traders played an essential and significant role in the early modern history of trade and commerce in Southeast Asia. Nevertheless records on the history of their entrepreneurship has been hardly written and researched upon. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to trace back the dynamic of Malay trading communities in the late 18th and towards the early decades of the 19th century. The paper would also highlight the importance of Malay traders in early Penang and the survival of Melaka as an important port in the late 18th century. A focal analysis of this study is on the 18th and 19th centuries Malay merchant communities and how their active presence in the Malay waters had given a great impact to the intra-Asian trade in Southeast Asia prior to the period of European colonialism and imperialism.
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Tantivejakul, Napawan. "Nineteenth century public relations: Siam's campaign to defend national sovereignty." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 25, no. 4 (2020): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-11-2019-0134.
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PurposeThis research aims to identify the use of the public relations (PR) methods implemented by King Rama V and his administration to counter the threat to Siam of imperialism in the late 19th century. It also seeks to demonstrate the interplay of the communication strategies used in international diplomacy to enhance Siam's visibility among major European nations.Design/methodology/approachThis is a historical study using both primary and secondary sources. It is a development of the national PR history methodology using a descriptive, fact-based and event-oriented approach.FindingsThe main findings are that (1) a PR strategy drove international diplomacy under the administration of Siam's monarch incorporating strategies such as governmental press relations activities; (2) the strategy in building Siam's image as a civilized country was successfully communicated through the personality of King Rama V during his first trip to Europe; (3) with a close observation of the public and press sentiments, the outcome of the integrated PR and diplomatic campaigns was that Siam defended its sovereignty against British and French imperialists’ pressures and was therefore never colonized.Research limitations/implicationsThis research adds to the body of knowledge of global PR history by demonstrating that PR evolved before the 20th century in different countries and cultures with different historical paths and sociocultural, political and economic contexts.Originality/valueThis study from an Asian nation demonstrates that PR was being practiced in the late 19th century outside the Western context, prior to the advent of the term. It is a rare example of PR being developed as a part of an anti-colonization strategy.
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Marten, Michael. "Imperialism and Evangelisation: Scottish Missionary Methods in Late 19th and Early 20th Century Palestine." Holy Land Studies 5, no. 2 (2006): 155–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2007.0006.
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The article examines Scottish missionary methods in Palestine from the 1880s until World War One. Missionary activity in this context was aimed primarily at the conversion of Jews to (Protestant) Christianity. The methods employed consisted primarily of direct confrontation, provision of education, and the off ering of medical facilities. The article looks at how and why these approaches were taken and the general ineff ectiveness of each method in producing converts. The article also outlines the reaction of local populations and concludes by describing some of the consequences of the Scots' missionary efforts.
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Seri-Hersch, Iris. "CONFRONTING A CHRISTIAN NEIGHBOR: SUDANESE REPRESENTATIONS OF ETHIOPIA IN THE EARLY MAHDIST PERIOD, 1885–89." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (2009): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090655.
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This is how Ismaʿil bin ʿAbd al-Qadir, a Mahdist chronicler of late 19th-century Sudan, gave a broad Islamic significance to the defeat of Ethiopian armies by Mahdist forces at al-Qallabat in March 1889. Culminating in the death of Emperor Yohannes IV, the four-year confrontation between Mahdist Sudan and Christian Ethiopia (1885–89) had repercussions that transcended the local setting, reaching far into the intertwined history of Sudan, Ethiopia, and European imperialism in the Nile Valley and Red Sea regions.
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Restrepo, Luis Fernando. "'Infausto teatro de sombras': la persistencia del trauma de la conquista en los dramas de Fernando de Orbea, Manuel Castell y Fernando González Cajiao." Estudios de Literatura Colombiana, no. 18 (November 4, 2013): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.elc.17392.
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Este trabajo examina tres obras dramáticas cuyo tema es la cultura muisca o chibcha que datan de los siglos XVII, XIX y XX, los cuales ilustran cómo la cultura muisca es utilizada como una figura discursiva para formular tres proyectos políticos diferentes: la imposición del imperialismo ibérico, una democracia liberal asimiladora de los indígenas, y un movimiento de liberación popular inspirado en el Marxismo. Se analiza la representación de la violencia colonial, el trauma de la conquista y la apertura del pasado visto en el contexto del surgimiento de democracias pluriculturales y movimientos indígenas en Colombia y Latinoamérica. Descriptores: Muiscas; Chibchas, indigenismo; indianismo, poscolonialismo; representación de la violencia; trauma; colonialismo; imperialismo; multiculturalismo; Colombia; movimientos indígenas; memoria, teatro; psicoanálisis e historia. Abstract: This article examines three plays based on Muisca culture (also known as the Chibcha) from the 17th, 19th and 20th century, illustrating how Muisca culture is used as a discursive figure to articulate three different political projects: the imposition of the Iberian imperialism, a liberal democracy that assimilates indigenous cultures, and a popular liberation movement inspired in Marxism. The representation of violence, the trauma of conquest, and opening the past are three topics explored in relation to the debate the emerging multicultural democracies and indigenous movements in Colombia and Latin America. Key words: Muiscas; Chibchas; indigenismo; Postcolonialism; representation of violence; trauma; colonialism; imperialism; multiculturalism; Colombia; indigenous movements; memory; theater; psychoanalysis and history.
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Murray-Miller, Gavin. "Arab Press Networks and Imperial Connectivities from Mediterranean Africa to France in the Late 19th Century." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015283-0.
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The press was an instrument of colonial governance. Yet newspapers and print also served to connect populations across borders and demonstrated how trans-imperial flows influenced empires. This article examines Arab print networks in North Africa and France. It argues that print networks assisted with processes of colonial expansion while also providing a forum for Muslim activists and Arab modernists to present their views to foreign audiences. This two-way channel illustrates how imperialism engendered new synergies that would influence political developments in both the French empire and the modern Middle East, suggesting that print networks were central to the entangled histories of empire in the modern period.
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Dr. Muhammad Khuram Yasin and Muhammad Nasir. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENTATION OF CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION IN “KAI CHAND THEY SAR-E-AASMAN”." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 4, no. 2 (2023): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i2.136.
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The novel "Kai Chand Thy Sar-e-Asman" written by a famous critic, researcher, poet, short story writer, translator, and writer "Shams ur Rehman Farooqi" was derived from the eventual history of the Subcontinent during the 18th and beginning of 19th century; including the era of British Imperialism and demise of Mughal Empire. The events occur and excel around the main character "Wazir Begum" with the blend of the Urdu language and multicultural civilization of the 18th century. Therefore, this novel, which is deeply rooted in the culture and civilization of its era, could also be seen as a socio-cultural document. In this article, the analysis of culture and civilization presented in the novel is brought into the limelight."
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Singh, Prabhakar. "Indian Princely States and the 19th-century Transformation of the Law of Nations." Journal of International Dispute Settlement 11, no. 3 (2020): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idaa012.
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Abstract The role of the roughly 600 Indian princely kingdoms in the transformation of the law of nations into international law during the 19th century is an overlooked episode of international legal history. The Indian princely states effected a gradual end of the Mughal and the Maratha confederacies while appropriating international legal language. The Privy Council—before and after 1858—sanctified within common law as the acts of state, both, the seizure of territories from Indian kings and the ossification of encumbrances attached to the annexed territories. After the Crown takeover of the East India Company in 1858, the British India Government carefully rebooted, even mimicked, the native polyandric relationship of the tribal chiefs, petty states and semi-sovereigns with the Mughal–Maratha complex using multi-normative legal texts. Put down in the British stationery as engagements, sunnuds and treaties, these colonial texts projected an imperially layered nature of the native sovereignty. I challenge the metropole's claims of a one-way export to the colonies of the assumed normative surpluses. I argue that the periphery while responding to a ‘jurisdictional imperialism' upended interational law's civilisation-giving thesis by exporting law to the metropole.
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Кондрашук, Р. А. "The image of the Roman Empire in American newspapers at the end of 19th century." Диалог со временем, no. 76(76) (August 17, 2021): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.76.76.004.
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Конец XIX века стал для США эпохой многочисленных перемен. Это отразилось на переосмыслении образа Римской империи в американской культуре. В данной статье на материале американских газет конца XIX в. показано, какие сюжеты из истории Римской империи использовались в периодической печати, и как они актуализировались для читателей. Основное внимание сосредоточено на полемике по поводу главных общественных проблем: морального облика американцев, социального расслоения, империализма. Анализируется влияние географии издания, предполагаемой аудитории и политических пристрастий редакторов на использование римского опыта при оценке событий настоящего. Благодаря этому можно увидеть, какой образ Римской империи транслировали своим читателям разные американские газеты. The end of the 19thcentury had been the era of multiple changes for the United States. This was reflected in the rethinking of the Roman Empire’s image in American culture. However, there have been no attempts to analyze widely available sources in historiography. This article considers the materials of various American newspapers of the late XIX century. On their basis, the research shows what examples from the Roman Empire’s history were used by journalists, and how they were updated this information for readers. The main focus is on the debates over the main social issues: the moral character of Americans, social inequality, imperialism. The survey analyzes the influence of the publication’s geography, intended audience and political views of editors on the use of the Roman experience in evaluating the current events. This could help to see the different forms Roman Empire’s image which presented to readers of the various American newspapers.
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AMARASINGHE, Punsara. "Some Remarks on the Eurocentricism and Imperialism in the Construction of International Law." Historia i Świat, no. 9 (September 23, 2020): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2020.09.06.
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The modern international law is considered an offshoot of European intellectual contributions as its basic foundation is deeply imbued with the political and social upheavals took place in European history. As an example, the Westphalian order emerged in the culmination of thirty years war in 1648 was regarded as the most pivotal mile stone in modern history of international law. Yet the European domination and its intellectual contribution to the development of international law systematically excluded non-European nations from international law and its protection, which finally paved the path to use international law in the 19th century as a tool of legitimizing the colonial expansion. This paper seeks to trace the historiography of modern international law and its dubious nature of disdaining non-Europeans and their civilizational thinking. Furthermore, this paper argues how European historical encounters carved the map of international law from a vantage point, which gave an utter prominence upon the European intellectual monopoly. The results emerge from this paper will strongly suggest the need of an alternative scholarship to unveil the history of international law.
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Jadhav, Avkash Daulatrao. "The Role of British Legislations and the Working Class Movement in Bombay: A Historical Study of the Factory Acts of 1881 and 1891 in India." International Social Sciences Review 1 (March 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-socialrev.v1.1965.
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India has been a country to raise inquisitiveness from ancient times. The era of colonialism in India unfolds many dimensions of struggle by the natives and the attempts of travesty by the imperialist powers. This paper will focus on the two landmark legislation of the end of the 19th century specifically pertaining to the labour conditions in India. The changing paradigms of the urban and rural labour underwent a phenomenal change by the mid 19th century. The characteristic which distinguishes the modern period in world history from all past periods is the fact of economic growth.
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OWEN, ROGER. "Pensée 1." International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, no. 1 (2007): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807242503.
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Ever since the great wave of European overseas colonization in the late 19th century, the notion of “imperialism” and the promotion of imperial projects has been a highly political one. Use of the term has been prompted for specific historical reasons and, usually, in response to debates which have arisen as a result of particular acts of imperial expansion. On some occasions, and generally when debates have been particularly intense, it has also encouraged the development of general theories designed to explain not just the drive for empire but also the dynamics of a world system in which an unequal distribution of economic and military power leads some nations to create empires based on the domination and control of others.
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Manchanda, Nivi. "The Imperial Sociology of the ‘Tribe’ in Afghanistan." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 46, no. 2 (2017): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829817741267.
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The ‘tribe’ is a notion intimately related to the study of Afghanistan, used as a generic signifier for all things Afghan, it is through this notion that the co-constitution of coloniser and colonised is crystallised and foregrounded in Afghanistan. By tracing the way in which the term ‘tribe’ has been deployed in the Afghan context, the article performs two kinds of intellectual labour. First, by following the evolution of a concept from its use in the early 19th century to the literature on Afghanistan in the 21st century, wherein the ‘tribes’ seem to have acquired a newfound importance, it undertakes a genealogy or intellectual history of the term. The Afghan ‘tribes’ as an object of study, follow an interesting trajectory: initially likened to Scottish clans, they were soon seen as brave and loyal men but fundamentally different from their British interlocutors, to a ‘problem’ that needed to be managed and finally, as indispensable to a long-term ‘Afghan strategy’. And second, it endeavours to describe how that intellectual history is intimately connected to the exigencies of imperialism and the colonial politics of knowledge production.
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Donzé, Pierre-Yves. "Multinational Enterprises and the Globalization of Medicine: Siemens and the Business of X-ray Equipment in Non-Western Markets, 1900–1939." Enterprise & Society 15, no. 4 (2014): 820–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700016128.
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Whereas the globalization of medicine since the middle of the 19th century has primarily been approached as the sociopolitical and cultural outcome of imperialism, this article argues that Western big business also played a major role through the worldwide export of standardized medical technologies. It focuses on the expansion of Siemens on the X-ray equipment market in non-Western countries during the first half of the twentieth century. This German multinational enterprise experienced slight growth from the mid-1920s onwards but relied mainly on two markets (Argentina and Brazil). It specialized in providing large-scale equipment to a few urban hospitals and engaged during the 1930s in large-scale hospital development together with local authorities and international organizations in various countries (China, Peru, and Central Africa). However, Siemens had great difficulty in expanding its business to include private doctors and inland outlets, where it faced intense competition from other Western X-ray producers. This paper emphasizes that this shortcoming stemmed from a direct application of the European strategy (high-quality, expensive equipment for hospitals) to non-Western markets, where health systems differed.
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Barton, Patricia. "Imperialism, Race, and Therapeutics: The Legacy of Medicalizing the “Colonial Body”." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 3 (2008): 506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.298.x.
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The BiDil controversy in America coincides with a renewed interest in the linkages between race and therapeutics, whether in the medical history of the United States itself, or in the colonial world. During the colonial era in South Asia, many anthropological and medical researchers conducted research which compared the European and “colonial” body, contrasting everything from blood composition to brain weight between the races of the Indian Empire. This, as Mark Harrison has shown, was fundamentally a phenomenon of the 19th century, arguing that “[i]t was only after 1800 that racial identities came to be fixed and that India was viewed with terror, as a reservoir of filth and disease.” Racist attitudes in British Indian colonial medicine are not hard to discover. They underpinned, for instance, campaigns to improve the appallingly high maternal and infant mortality rates in which the blame was placed squarely upon the women and the indigenous midwives who delivered them rather than the poverty in which they lived. As such, Peers Dimmock, a professor of gynecology and obstetrics at the Calcutta Medical School, opened his address to the First Indian Medical Congress in 1894 with a diatribe against “the unclean and repulsive traditionary [sic] methods of the native midwives.”
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Alavi, Seema. "Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832-90) and the Creation of a Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the 19th century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 54, no. 1 (2011): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852011x567373.
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AbstractThe essay highlights the role of one individual, Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832-90), in writing the cultural and intellectual history of imperialisms. It brings his biography, journeys and intellectual forays together to show how he used the temporal moment of the mid 19th century ‘age of revolts’, and the spatial connectivity offered by British and Ottoman imperialisms and re-configured them to his own particular interests. Locating Siddiq Hasan in the connected histories of the British and Ottoman Empires, it views his in-house cosmopolitanism as a form of public conduct that was shaped by Islamic learning that cultivated urbane civility as Muslim universalist virtuous conduct. This was a form of cosmopolitanism enabled by imperial networks, informed by pre-colonial webs of interaction between India and West Asia, and deeply rooted in the scriptures.
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Surahman, Surahman Cinu. "FEMINISME : SEBUAH KOMUNIKASI SPIRITUALITAS MENUJU PENGUATAN SISTEM SOSIAL." KINESIK 8, no. 2 (2021): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/ejk.v8i2.166.
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Discourse on feminism can be seen in the struggle of a woman named Hajar. As the mother of the Prophets, Hajar helped support the foundation of civilization framed by Ismail, her son, as a form of social movement wrapped in spiritual awareness, that all forms of racism, feudalism and domination of capital, will disappear in the power of God. This is enshrined in the Hajj ritual, jogging between the hills of Safa and Marwah. Hajar is a historical cultural capital that is represented from class consciousness, which must be accumulated for future civilizations. That is why in an effort to explore these events, the meaning of symbols is needed, according to the model used in history. Meanwhile, the German female philosopher, Hannah Arendt said that there was an important change in the map of human civilization as a result of the 19th century European spirit which eroded and destroyed the structure of the nation's self, regarding the nation state. He highlighted the racism and imperialism of the century which combined a number of forces that were destructive to the public spheres of explanation for their own sake. Ironically, Indonesian women are actually indoctrinated that Western women's traditions are the best. This paper offers how the trend of feminism in Indonesia.
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SUGIMOTO, Shogo. "A Report on the 9th East Asia and Contemporary Japanese-Language Literature Forum." Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 14, no. 1 (2022): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2022.14.1.220.
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I had the opportunity to participate in the 9th Forum on East Asia and Contemporary Japanese-Language Literature, an international conference which was held on October 16 and 17, 2021. Unfortunately, as in the previous year, the conference had to be held online due to COVID-19. However, it provided an invaluable opportunity for me to deepen my thinking about “glocal” culture, which was the subject of the conference. When focusing on the region of East Asia, it should be noted that “glocalism” is not unique to this global age but was also observed during the modern period. From the 19th to the 20th century, East Asia was affected by imperialism, colonialism, modernization, and westernization, the confluence of which created a complex cultural topography that gave rise to diverse “glocal” cultures. These were primarily related to the movement around the region of various writers and the translations, adaptations, and distribution of their work across borders and regions. I was able to explore the complex history of “glocal” culture in East Asia through the numerous presentations at the conference, including the main symposium “Glocal Culture in Modern and Contemporary Asia：Identity, Literature, and History.” As the COVID-19 crisis is gradually abating, I look forward to a time when the conference will be held offline, and am eager to share further fruitful discussions with participants in the future.
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Barclay, G. J. "Scotland 2002." Antiquity 76, no. 293 (2002): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00091225.
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Introduction‘…it was not thought consistent with political wisdom, to draw the attention of the Scots to the ancient honours of their independent monarchy’ (on the proposal in 1780 to found a Society of Antiquaries for Scotland)Archueologia Scoficu 1 (1792): ivFrom the Parliamentary Union with England of 1707 until the establishment of the new devolved parliament (although still within the Union) in Edinburgh in 1999 under the terms of the Scotland Act 1998, Scotland was a nation with a ‘capital’ and its own legal system; neither a colony nor sovereign: an active participant in rather than a victim of 19th-century imperialism (Davidson 2000). Since the Union the writing of the history of Britain has been a more or less political process (Ash 1980: 34), the viewpoint of the historian depending on the individual’s position on the meaning and consequences of the Union and on the process of securing the creation of ‘North Britain’ and ‘South Britain’ — ‘the wider experiment to construct a new genuine British identity which would be formed from the two nations of Scotland and England’ [Finlay 1998). A small country sharing a small island with a world power will never have a quiet life (as Pierre Trudeau described Canada’s relationship with the USA — ‘being in bed with an elephant’).
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Vasileva, Anna Y. "On the issue of the British presence in Egypt: the business of “Thomas Cook and Son” in the assessment of contemporaries (the last third of the 19th century)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 191 (2021): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-191-224-232.
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The purpose of the study is to determine how the development of the tourism business of Thomas Cook and Son in the Nile Valley influenced the perception and assessment of contemporaries of the British presence in Egypt at the end of the 19th century. The relevance of the analyzed problem lies in the fact that the study of the history of tourism in the era of New imperialism allows us to supplement our understanding of the representations of the empire and private busi-ness and their mutual influence. It is substantiated that, according to the views of contemporaries, the activities of the company contributed to the creation of conditions for the economic develop-ment of Egypt, opened these territories to the world, providing free movement along the Nile, and contributed to the spread of the English language, making this country more “civilized” in the eyes of Europeans. We conclude that, at the same time, the handbooks of the company broadcasted the achievements of the imperial policy of Great Britain, reinforcing the idea of the positive conse-quences of the British occupation for Egypt. It is concluded that the commercial success of private business became a visible manifestation of the success of the England’s civilizing mission. The research materials can be used to further study the relationship between the development of mass tourism and the colonial policy of Great Britain.
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Ben Hilell, Keren, and Yael Allweil. "Infrastructure Development and Waterfront Transformations: Physical and Intangible Borders in Haifa Port City." Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4198.
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Constructed on its natural bay as a fortified Muslim town in the late 18th century, Haifa’s port city transformed into a modern cosmopolitan port city in the second half of the 19th century. Significant technological, administrative, and social changes made Haifa into the transportation and economic hub of northern Palestine: Its harbor, the first in the region, became a gate to the east for commodities, pilgrimages, and ideas. British imperialism enlarged it with landfill areas and added an industrial function, constructing refineries and a connecting pipeline with Iraq. Haifa port served as the main entry port for immigration and goods for the newly founded Israeli state. Privatization and neo-liberalization transformed it from national port to international corporate hub, reshaping both port and city. Individual entrepreneurs, local governments, and imperial actions shaped and reshaped the landscape; perforating new access points, creating porous borders, and a new socioeconomic sphere.<strong> </strong>This process persisted through the Late Ottoman era, the British Mandate, and the Israeli state. From the first Ottoman landfills to the sizeable British harbor of 1933, the market economy led urban planning of Haifa’s waterfront and its adjacent railroad to the current Chinese petrol-harbor project. What were the city’s tangible and intangible borders? How did these changes, influenced by local and foreign agendas, unfold? Tapping into built-environment evidence; archival documents (architectural drawings, plans, maps, and photographs); and multidisciplinary academic literature to examine Haifa’s urban landscape transformation, this article studies the history of Haifa’s planned urban landscape—focusing on transformations to the port and waterfront to adjust to new technologies, capital markets, and political needs. We thus explore Haifa port history as a history of porosity and intangibility—rather than the accepted history of European modernization—building upon theoretical literature on global networks and urban form, regional dynamics of port cities, and tangible and intangible border landscapes.
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Anan’ev, Denis A. "RUSSIA’S FAR EASTERN POLICY IN THE LATE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURY IN THE WORKS OF THE ENGLISH AND GERMAN-LANGUAGE RESEARCHERS." Ural Historical Journal 73, no. 4 (2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-4(73)-97-105.
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The paper analyzes the works of the English- and German-language researchers who studied the history of Russia’s Far Eastern policy at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. According to these scholars, a striking feature of that policy was the inseparability of the foreign and internal political tasks, while its main result was Russia’s involvement in the war against Japan. However, Western authors focused not only on the foreign policy and military aspects of the “Russian eastward expansion” (analyzed by C. von Zepelin, A. Malosemoff, S. Marks, R. Quested, J. Stephan) but also on the geographic, demographic, social and economic aspects (B. Sumner, A. A. Lobanov-Rostovsky, R. Quested, D. Geyer, J. Lensen et al.). The ideological component of the Far Eastern policy (associated with the ideas of Russia’s historical civilizing mission in Asia and the need to oppose the “Yellow Peril”) was considered in the works by A. Malozemoff, D. Schimmelpenninck van der Oye. The economic reasons for the development of the region were discussed by the authors who studied processes of “modernization” and S. Yu. Witte’s policy of “peaceful penetration” (B. Sumner, A. A. Lobanov-Rostovsky, R. Quested, D. Geyer, J. Lensen et al.). Sociocultural processes that led to the formation of “national identity” and “regional identity” were analyzed by J. Stephan, Ch. Y. Hsu, D. Wolff, Sh. Corrado. Despite the diversity of conceptions proposed by the Englsih- and Germanlanguage researchers it is possible to identify the two key trends in the study of the topic. The majority of works emphasized the expansionist intentions of Russia as one of the “imperialist powers” who participated in dividing spheres of influence in the Asia-Pacific region. However, many authors acknowledged Russia’s objective need to strengthen its position on the Pacific frontier, to protect its Far Eastern territories, to settle them and develop their economy.
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Abdurazakov, Ruslan Abdurazakovich. "On the issue of the synthesis of geopolitics and racialism in the early days of contemporary history." Мировая политика, no. 3 (March 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2021.3.35146.
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The purpose of the research is the consideration of the problem of synthesis of racialism and geopolitics in the late 19th - the early 20th century and the substantiation of such a new concept in geopolitics as geopolitical racialism which hasn&rsquo;t been used before neither in Russian nor in foreign science. To solve this task, the author applies the fundamental geopolitical dualism methods to the analysis of supremacist and imperialist mindset typical for scientific and sociopolitical life in Britain and the U.S. of the considered period, which became a core for the formation of Anglo-Saxon exceptionality, and formed the basis for the foreign policy of these states. The author arrives at the conclusion that until recently, Anglo-Saxonism was considered as a result of the Western elites&rsquo; fascination with the ideas of social Darwinism rather than as a geopolitical form of racism, since its analysis was mostly based on the peculiarities of &ldquo;blood and descendance&rdquo; of Anglo-Saxon peoples rather than on their &ldquo;thalassocratic nature&rdquo; or the influence of natural and climatic factors on their development. The differentiating feature of continental geopolitics was, vice versa, not only distancing from social Darwinism, but also the repudiation of the possibility of ultimate victory in the struggle between the West and the East. Theoretical and practical importance of the research consists in the fact that based on the analysis of the works of the Western authors of the late 19th - the early 20th centuries, both already known and left out in the cold, the author substantiates the definition and characteristics of geopolitical racism in its Anglo-Saxon variant, upholding the supremacy of maritime powers (thalassocracies) over land powers (tellurocracies) predefined by geographical factors, which in many aspects predetermined the development of the Western geopolitical mindset in contemporary history.
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Stecopoulos, Harilaos. "Gretchen Murphy . Shadowing the White Man's Burden: U.S. Imperialism and the Problem of the Color Line . (America and the Long 19th Century.) New York: New York University Press. 2010. Pp. viii, 280. Cloth $75.00, paper $25.00." American Historical Review 116, no. 3 (2011): 824–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.3.824.
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Mothoagae, Itumeleng D., and Boshadi Mary Semenya. "THE OPERATION OF MEMORY IN TRANSLATION: ON MOFFAT’S DESECRATION OF THE BATSWANA LINGUISTIC HERITAGE IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE 1857 ENGLISH-SETSWANA BIBLE." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 41, no. 3 (2016): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/604.
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The translation of the Bible into Setswana stands out in the history of the 19th century missionaries’ project to expand Christian religion among the Batlhaping of South Africa. While the translation of the bible into Setswana can be regarded as a revolutionary achievement, unsettling questions are raised that centre on issues of standardization of Setswana, whose interests are served, tensions around representation and justice, and preservation of semantic and stylistic equivalences. Progressing from the idea that translation is neither just an neutral act or an instance nor product, but a complex activity during which the translator transmits cultural and ideological messages, we seek to argue in this paper that the production of Setswana bible by Moffat is an exemplar of a product caught up in aforementioned seductions of translating. With an understanding that memory is an important tool and force in the accomplishment of translations of texts, we draw on decolonial turn to analyse letters found in Words of Batswana: Letters to Mahoko a Becwana 1883–1896 as a primary source to show how through translating, the linguistic heritage of Batswana was desecrated. In addition, we illustrate how Moffat as a primary beneficiary and supporter of the institution of imperialism and its systemic violence, renders Batswana invisible in the creation[1] of the bible and displaces them as legitimate bearers of their own historical and cultural memory.[1] We use the term deliberately to underpin the fact that through translation, Moffat was in fact trying to preserve the English language and the memory representative of this language by disqualifying anything in Setswana and about Batswana that contested the protocols of foreign memory and power. As such, translation as performed by Moffat served to (re)create a new memory which subverts common communal memory and mores of Batswana.
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Coggins, Chris. "British Naturalists in Qing China: Science, Empire, and Cultural Encounter. By Fa-Ti Fan. [Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2004. ix +238 pp. £32.95. ISBN 0-674-01143-0.]." China Quarterly 180 (December 2004): 1115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004350769.
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For those who have conducted research on the fauna and flora of China and who have been curious about the “Reeves” in Muntiacus reevesi (the Chinese muntjac) or the “Cunningham” in Cunninghamia lanceolata (the Chinese fir), this book is a great revelation. Many wild plants and animals from China bear scientific names honouring Western naturalists, and this book is the first historical analysis of how Westerners conducted natural history research in China from the mid-18th to the early 20th century. By focusing on British naturalists during a period of dramatic change in the relationship between China and the West, the author has developed a richly textured account of the encounter between vastly different systems of knowledge and representation of the natural world. As such, this work is sure to be of great interest for scholars of the social sciences, cultural studies and the social construction of nature.Drawing on a vast and diverse array of scientific journals, personal correspondence, memoirs and administrative records from the period, the author convincingly ties British natural history research to larger imperial demands for useful information on natural resources in a vast area that was scarcely known by outsiders before the Opium War (1839–1842). The connection between commerce and natural history is exemplified by the English East India Company's interest in botanical, biogeographic and horticultural information on tea trees. Of greater significance still, according to the author, was the way in which knowledge of the natural world was produced through an elaborate network of relationships between British naturalists and Chinese people of all walks of life. The latter included not only the bureaucrats who monitored the already highly circumscribed lives of British expatriates in Canton [Guangzhou] at the beginning of the 19th century, but also collectors, who often made long trips into the interior in search of specimens, and painters, who had to learn an entirely new repertoire in order to provide scientific drawings to British patrons from the factories of Guangzhou to Kew Gardens. Indeed, one of the primary goals of the book is to “explain the formation of scientific practice and knowledge in cultural borderlands during a critical period of Sino-Western relations.” The author sets himself a difficult task: to reconstruct the economic and cultural lineaments of “scientific imperialism” without ignoring “the indigenous people, their motivations, and their actions.” Not only does the book succeed in this effort, it avoids facile demonization of the main Western actors in this drama. Instead, we see a compelling set of portraits of British men of widely differing backgrounds and interests who often made great sacrifices in their quests for scientific knowledge. Generally, these men were keenly aware of the degree to which they relied on local Chinese experts and indigenous knowledge for the success of their own endeavours.
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Jones, Stuart. "I Economic interpretations of 19th century imperialism." South African Journal of Economic History 7, no. 1 (1992): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.1992.10417189.
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Besseghini, Deborah. "The Weapons of Revolution: Global Merchants and the Arms Trade in South America (1808-1824)." Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business 8, no. 1 (2023): 81–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34043.
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This article investigates the role that the arms trade connected to Hispanic American Independence Wars played in the transformations at the origins of 19th century globalization. It looks specifically at how arms supplies to governments encouraged the early post-mercantilist development of South American commerce, and some of the domino effects of such development. This turning point in economic history is analyzed through the biographical trajectories of merchants who were well positioned between geopolitics and trade, and who had “imperial” functions without being formally involved in imperialist projects. Business and political correspondence, notarial documents, and customs registers from archives in Europe and the Americas reveal the workings of networks and business affairs of global merchants whose companies were major arms importers in Buenos Aires during the years leading to Chile’s liberation. The threads of John McNeile’s (an important but neglected figure) and David DeForest’s networks hook onto the principal economic and political laboratories of the countries from whence most arms were imported: Great Britain and the United States. They reached Chile and Peru from Buenos Aires and remained crucial to the liberation campaigns, encouraging further commercial expansion along the American Pacific coast and toward Asia, and pioneering financial adventures. Relations between commercial houses active in Hispanic America and Asia reveal British and US transpacific networks and ties between Hispanic American and Asian commerce and economies. The article thus shows how, by bringing together fragmented and scattered sources from both sides of the Atlantic, the significance of the arms trade in South America as a driving force of globalization emerges.
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Soler, Renaud. "De la Palestine à la terre d’Israël : le rôle de l’archéologie biblique dans le regard de l’Occident protestant (xixe-xxe siècle)." Arabica 63, no. 6 (2016): 627–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341421.
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Alphonse Dupront analysed in Le mythe de croisade the survival of the idea of Crusade until the contemporary era. In this history, the 19th century has a special interest, since it actualized this latent virtuality of the western collective consciousness, and gave it new directions. The rediscovery of Palestine was made possible by the conjunction of very different factors such as the revolution in transportation, the rise of European imperialism, or the internal reforms in the Eastern countries (Egypt and the Ottoman Empire). The episteme of the Western sciences was also transformed by the emergence of new disciplines (biology, geology, philology), and the gradual formation of archaeology. The Christian and biblical Holy Land was rediscovered by the biblical archaeologists, and its image disseminated well beyond the scholars and learned men. This article studies some of the mechanisms of dissemination of these discourses, overall in the protestant world, and points to the connection to the birth of the Zionist movement: it has given more and more importance to the matter of the land, which has become in the 20th century the main issue, and has largely used not only results from the biblical archaeology, but also its methods for naming and framing the territory. Thinking about the birth of a Western protestant way of seeing the Holy Land lets us understand better the relations between Israel and the West since World War ii, and we must finally remember of Alphonse Dupront’s wider project, who tried to promote history as a psychoanalysis of the western collective consciousness and consequently a way of mutual understanding. This article is a contribution to such a project. Alphonse Dupront avait livré dans Le mythe de croisade une analyse magistrale de la survivance de l’idée de croisade jusqu’à la période contemporaine. Le xixe siècle joua dans cette histoire un rôle central, en rechargeant cette virtualité de la conscience collective et en lui imprimant de nouvelles directions. La redécouverte de la Palestine fut rendue possible par la conjonction d’éléments aussi divers que la révolution des transports, l’affirmation de l’impérialisme européen ou les réformes internes des États du Proche-Orient (Égypte et Empire ottoman) ; l’épistémè des sciences occidentales se transforma quant à elle de façon significative, avec l’apparition de nouvelles disciplines comme la biologie, la géologie ou la philologie, et la structuration progressive de l’archéologie. La Terre sainte, chrétienne et biblique, fut redécouverte par les archéologues et son image diffusée dans des cercles beaucoup plus larges que les simples savants ou érudits. Cet article étudie quelques-uns des mécanismes de dissémination de ces discours dans les milieux protestants et réfléchit à son lien avec l’émergence du sionisme, pour lequel la terre d’Israël devint l’enjeu principal au cours du xxe siècle, et qui remploya résultats et méthodes de l’archéologie biblique. En définitive, faire retour sur l’éducation du regard occidental, singulièrement, sur la Palestine, au xixe siècle, permet de mieux comprendre les relations internationales entretenues avec Israël depuis la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. Or, une part importante du projet d’Alphonse Dupront fut très tôt de faire de l’histoire une psychanalyse de la conscience collective, partant une véritable thérapie, par l’inventaire des passions collectives : cet article y contribue. This article is in French.
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Powelson, Michael. "19th Century Latin America Imperialism from a Global Perspective." History Compass 9, no. 10 (2011): 827–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2011.00803.x.
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Sangroula, Yubaraj. "Seven Decades of Indo-Nepal Relations: A Critical Review of Nehruvian-Colonial Legacy, Trilateralism as a Way Forward." Asian Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 1 (2021): 5–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajia.v1i1.44750.
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Nepal is one of few long-surviving nations in Asia. According to Pandit Bhagvanlal Indraji, a noted Indian historian, Nepal’s origin as a nation dates 12 years before the end of Dwapaayuga (approximately 1700 BC). The linguistic historian Bal Krishna Pokharel and Italian writer Guiseppe Tucci have narrated the historic succession of an empire with Sinja as its capital city including regions of Garwal, Kumaon, present Uttarakhand of India, and current Nepal’s capital city, the Kathmandu Valley. It is said that the powerful Nepal of that time had assisted Chandra Gupt Maurya to oust Dhana Nanda and establish the Mauryan Dynasty. These accounts plainly show Nepal’s antiquity as a nation with a history of glorious past, shaped by pearls of wisdom, serenity, and peace. Alongside, there are histories of mighty nations and civilizations both in the North and South where Nepal’s landscape and civilization always stand as a bridge between two mighty Empires ruled by several powerful dynasties and the world’s faveolus civilizations. However, from the beginning of the 19th century, Nepal lives in a turbulent time and series of turmoil. The genesis of chaos belongs to the British colonial occupation of India—as a fateful time in history. Nepal suffered from a British imperialist invasion beginning from 1814, ending at the loss of its larger part of the geography, namely Garwal and Kumaon, which now form the territory of independent India. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on analyzing Indo-Nepal relations from a historical perspective. It assesses a winding history of Indo-Nepal relations followed by examining the 1950 Peace and Friendship Treaty, critically analyzing Indian claims and blames about China factor in Indo-Nepal relations, and explaining the role of geography and geopolitics in Indo-Nepal relations along with International Law and rules of International Relations incorporating the perspective of conspiracy theory. The paper claims that Indian foreign policy to Nepal has some faultiness and fault lines, therefore, she needs to correct her foreign policy towards Nepal based on equality in sovereignty and status. It adopts a qualitative method with descriptive, interpretative, and critical approaches. Lastly, it concludes that the trilateralism is the necessity of the economic boom of the region as a whole for the common gains and prosperity of all mankind of the South Asian region.
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Masroori, C. "Russian Imperialism and Jihad: Early 19th-Century Persian Texts on Just War." Journal of Church and State 46, no. 2 (2004): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/46.2.263.
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SMITH, GEORGE DAVEY. "Mensuration, Mendel, and a 19th century public health justification for US imperialism." International Journal of Epidemiology 35, no. 4 (2006): 811–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl171.
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Driel, Lodewijk van. "19th-century linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 15, no. 1-2 (1988): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.09dri.
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Summary In this paper an attempt has been made to draw a picture of linguistics in the Netherlands during the 19th century. The aim of this survey is to make clear that the influence of German linguistics on Dutch works of the period is characteristic of the development of Dutch linguistics in that century. Emphasis has been placed on the period 1800–1870; three traditions are distinguished: First of all there is the tradition of prescriptive grammar and language instruction. Next attention is drawn to the tradition of historical-comparative linguistics. Finally, by about the middle of the century, the linguistic views of German representatives of general grammar become prominent in Dutch school grammars. Successively we point to the reception by the schoolmasters of K. F. Becker’s (1775–1849) work; then Taco Roorda (1801–1874) is discussed, and the relationship between L. A. te Winkel (1809–1868) and H. Steinthal (1823–1899) is presented. In conjunction with Roorda’s work on Javanese the analysis of the so-called exotic languages is mentioned, an aspect of Dutch linguistics in the 19th century closely connected with the Dutch East Indies. It is obvious that the German theme is one of the most conspicuous common elements in 19th-century Dutch linguistics, as Dutch intellectuals in many respects took German culture as a model.
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Троицкий, Сергей Александрович. "TOPOGRAPHY OF THE ALIEN: NATIONAL STEREOTYPES OF GEOGRAPHY TEXTBOOKS AS A BASIS FOR CARICATURED VISUALIZATION OF IDEAS ABOUT SPACE AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY." ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics, no. 4(30) (October 28, 2021): 234–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2021-4-234-255.
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Рассматривается, как построение визуальных образов, отражающих культурные стереотипы, в то же время создает культурную карту. Анализируя взаимовлияние национальных стереотипов на уровне обыденного сознания, формируемых посредством преподавания географии, с одной стороны, и визуальную риторику Чужого, воплощенную в карикатуре, – с другой, мы фиксируем взаимные изменения обоих. Наша задача – воссоздать систему визуальных образов в политической карикатуре короткого периода истории русской культуры, названного империализмом, когда идеология романтического национализма, выражавшаяся в активном колониальном переделе мира, протекционизме, была на пике, то есть последнего десятилетия XIX века, фактически завершившегося в политической истории России русско-японской войной (1904) и началом первой русской революции (1905). Для выявления сложившихся национальных стереотипов привлекаются описания ментальных особенностей различных стран (народов) из российских учебников географии, использовавшихся для преподавания накануне исследуемого периода. Такой подход является новым для изучения политической карикатуры и приводит к неожиданным выводам. Авторы учебников исходят из романтической установки, что определения носят характер сущностных, неотъемлемых, а значит, изображение любого представителя является изображением каждого представителя народа (страны). Другими словами, учебники географии транслируют общие национальные стереотипы о других народах, фиксировавшиеся с помощью преподавания на уровне обыденного сознания, что позволяет понимать юмор карикатурных изображений практически всем. Карикатура является продолжением культурного или политического дискурса, чьи установки она транслирует, поэтому именно карикатурные визуальные образы и позволяют исследователю выявить типическое (стереотипное) содержание в повседневной культуре (на уровне обыденного сознания) и определить черты культурного и политического дискурса того периода, а также зафиксировать какие-либо изменения в стереотипах (правда, такие изменения могут произойти только под воздействием каких-то глобальных событий, таких как революция). В статье показывается, как ментальная карта мира из учебника географии, где в центре находится Россия, конкретизируется и трансформируется в ментальную карту мира, где существуют стереотипные чудовища – Другие, легко трансформируемые во врагов, а научный дискурс того периода легко трансформируется в инструмент политической пропаганды. Исследование строится от общего описания исторического и политического контекста, исследовательских установок, основных характеристик имагологического дискурса в карикатуре к рассмотрению более конкретных примеров, сопоставлению национальных стереотипов из учебников географии Германии, Франции, Турции, Японии, Китая с национальными стереотипами, фиксировавшимися карикатуристами в отношении этих же стран. The article discusses how constructing visual images that reflect cultural stereotypes simultaneously creates a cultural (mental) map. The objective of the paper is to reconstruct the system of visual images in political caricatures of a short period of history of Russian culture (the last decade of the 19th century and the first five years of the 20th century) culminating in fact in the Russo-Japanese war (1904) and the first Russian revolution (1905). Then the ideology of romantic nationalism was at its peak. That period is referred to as imperialism because it was characterized by an active colonial redivision of the world and protectionism. To reveal the main national stereotypes, the article draws on descriptions of the mental characteristics of various countries (peoples) from Russian geography textbooks used for teaching on the eve of the analyzed period. Attracting geography textbooks as a source of national stereotypes for political caricature studies is a new approach, and it leads to unexpected conclusions. The authors of textbooks proceed from the romantic attitude that definitions are essential, integral, which means that the image of any representative is the image of every representative of the population (country). Geography textbooks transmit common national stereotypes about other peoples, which, by teaching, are fixed at the level of everyday consciousness. It allows almost everyone to understand the humor of caricature images. Caricature is a continuation of the cultural or political discourse whose attitudes it translates, so it is caricature visual images that allow the researcher to identify (stereo)typical content in everyday culture (at the level of everyday consciousness), determine the features of the cultural and political discourse of that period, and record any changes in stereotypes. The article shows how the mental map of the world from the geography textbook in which Russia is located in the center is concretized and transformed into an everyday mental map of the world that has stereotypical monsters-Others, easily transformed into enemies. The scientific discourse of that period is easily transformed into a tool of political propaganda. The research develops from the general description of the historical and political context, research attitudes, and the main characteristics of imagological discourse in caricature to the consideration of more specific examples, comparisons of national stereotypes from geography textbooks (Germany, France, Turkey, Japan, and China) with national stereotypes recorded by caricaturists in relation to these countries.
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Gibson, Padraic John. "Imperialism, ANZAC nationalism and the Aboriginal experience of warfare." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 6, no. 3 (2015): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v6i3.4190.
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Aboriginal protest played a key role in undermining the celebratory settler-nationalism of the bicentennial in 1988. In the lead up to another major nationalist mobilisation, the centenary of the Gallipoli invasion on ANZAC Day 2015, extensive official efforts are being made to incorporate Aboriginal experiences into the day, through celebration of the role of Aboriginal people who served in Australia’s armed forces. This article provides a critical analysis of the 2014 NAIDOC theme as a way of exploring some of the tensions in this process. The NAIDOC theme, ‘Serving Country: Centenary and Beyond’, presented a continuity between Aboriginal soldiers in WW1 and Aboriginal warriors who fought in defence of their land during the 19th Century Frontier Wars. In contrast, this article argues that the real historical continuity is between the massacres on the frontier, which often involved Aboriginal troopers fighting for the colonial powers, and the invasions undertaken by Australian soldiers in WW1. New research documenting the horrific scale on which Aboriginal people were killed by Native Police in Queensland in the second half of the 19th Century is integrated with studies of the political economy of Australian settler-capitalism in this period. This analysis is used to demonstrate how capitalist class interests drove both the Frontier Wars and the development of an Australian regional empire, which was consolidated by the mobilisation of Australian troops in WW1.
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Poiger, Uta G. "Imperialism and Empire in Twentieth-Century Germany." History & Memory 17, no. 1 (2005): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ham.2005.0019.
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Poiger. "Imperialism and Empire in Twentieth-Century Germany." History and Memory 17, no. 1-2 (2005): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/his.2005.17.1-2.117.
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Heng Wong, Yuet. "Beyond Imperialism: The 19th-Century Display of Chinese Art at the Musée Guimet." Arts asiatiques 74, no. 1 (2019): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arasi.2019.2026.
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Fair, Thomas. "19th-Century English Girls’ Adventure Stories: Domestic Imperialism, Agency, and the Female Robinsonades." Rocky Mountain Review 68, no. 2 (2014): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rmr.2014.0039.
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Mathew, W. M., and C. C. Eldridge. "British Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century." Economic History Review 38, no. 4 (1985): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597231.
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Wilson, Robin. "19th-Century Mathematical Physics." Mathematical Intelligencer 40, no. 4 (2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-018-9836-0.
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Rockenbach, Stephen, and William L. Barney. "A Companion to 19th-Century America." Journal of Southern History 74, no. 4 (2008): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27650332.
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Park, Pae Keun. "Korea and TWAIL: Does She Fit into the Picture?" Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (2013): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340009.
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Abstract The historical experiences of Korea around the 19th century do not seem to fit well into the theoretical perspective of TWAIL. It was not Europeans who colonized Korea. Cultural differences cannot explain the Korean experience of exclusion and marginalization as they were brought about by Japan and China who belong to the same cultural sphere as Korea. The cause of imperialism and colonialism may not be confined only to cultural differences. It is not only Europeans who were imperialist and colonialist. Even though it is an undeniable fact that imperialism and colonialism were largely exerted by Westerners, imperialism and colonialism are not solely racial problems. These facts, together with many other facts about Korea, suggest the necessity of a revision of some of the assertions of TWAIL.
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Saglam, Muhlis Selman. "Economics and Capitalism in the Ottoman Empire." Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics 8, no. 1 (2021): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/br205.
Full textAbstract:
The book under review consists of five chapters. In the first part, the author discusses the 19th century Ottoman social structure and economic thought system. In the following three chapters this structure has been examined in detail by focusing on social change, development issues, imperialism, and industrialization. The last chapter summarizes author’s views on the Ottoman economic thought system following which the author concludes his argument.
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KALMAN, JULIE. "COMPETITIVE IMPERIALISM IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY MEDITERRANEAN." Historical Journal 63, no. 5 (2020): 1160–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x20000096.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHistorians of empire are well aware of the importance of finding moments and spaces of connectedness between empires. The question of how to do so meaningfully remains open. This article brings to light a significant moment of imperial connectedness, through imperial contest. It tells the story of the humiliating expulsion of the British consul John Falcon from the strategic Mediterranean port of Algiers, during the Napoleonic wars. Both France and Britain sought to establish an informal imperial presence in the regency of Algiers, for access to the grain that both needed – France for its southern regions and armies, and Britain for the supply of its Mediterranean base in Gibraltar. The consuls of both powers were obliged to deal with a Jewish trading house that acted as middleman, both in trade and in diplomatic relations in the regency: the House of Bacri and Busnach. As the two powers competed, and sought to shut one another out, they attributed failures and frustrations to this trading house. Through French and British perceptions of Falcon's expulsion, and both powers’ understanding of the role of the trading house in events, this article offers a picture of imperial connection, bringing together middlemen, diplomacy, and international relations.
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Kandiyoti, Deniz. "POST-COLONIALISM COMPARED: POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND CENTRAL ASIA." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, no. 2 (2002): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802002076.
Full textAbstract:
The term “post-colonial” is a relative newcomer to the jargon of Western social science. Although discussions about the effects of colonial and imperialist domination are by no means new, the various meanings attached to the prefix “post-” and different understandings of what characterizes the post-colonial continue to make this term a controversial one. Among the criticisms leveled against it, reviewed comprehensively by Hall (1996), are the dangers of careless homogenizing of experiences as disparate as those of white settler colonies, such as Australia and Canada; of the Latin American continent, whose independence battles were fought in the 19th century; and countries such as India, Nigeria, or Algeria that emerged from very different colonial encounters in the post-World War II era. He suggests, nevertheless, that “What the concept may help us to do is to describe or characterise the shift in global relations which marks the (necessarily uneven) transition from the age of Empires to the post-independence and post-decolonisation moment” (Hall 1996, 246). Rattansi (1997) proposes a distinction between “post-coloniality” to designate a set of historical epochs and “post-colonialism” or “post-colonialist studies” to refer to a particular form of intellectual inquiry that has as its central defining theme the mutually constitutive role played by colonizer and colonized in shaping the identities of both the dominant power and those at the receiving end of imperial and colonial projects. Within the field of post-colonial studies itself, Moore-Gilbert (1997) points to the divide between “post-colonial criticism,” which has much earlier antecedents in the writings of those involved in anti-colonial struggles, and “post-colonial theory,” which distinguishes itself from the former by the incoporation of methodological paradigms derived from contemporary European cultural theories into discussions of colonial systems of representation and cultural production. Whatever the various interpretations of the term or the various temporalities associated with it might be, Hall claims that the post-colonial “marks a critical interruption into that grand whole historiographical narrative which, in liberal historiography and Weberian historical sociology, as much as in the dominant traditions of Western Marxism, gave this global dimension a subordinate presence in a story that could essentially be told from its European parameters” (Hall 1996, 250). In what follows, I will attempt a brief discussion of some of the circumstances leading to the emergence of this concept and interrogate the extent to which it lends itself to a meaningful comparison of the modern trajectories of societies in the Middle East and Central Asia.