Dissertations / Theses: 'Implant connection'

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ALBERTI, ALICE. "CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF IMPLANTS WITH A MORSE-TAPER IMPLANT-ABUTMENT CONNECTION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/888934.

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The project focused on the application of the Morse-taper connection in implant dentistry, which was investigated both through laboratory and through clinical examination. Mechanical laboratory study Among the complications that can occur at dental implants, the fracture of any implant component is a relatively infrequent but clinically significant problem. Small diameter implants are at higher risk of such complication. The aim of this laboratory study was to compare the mechanical behavior of a 2.9 mm and a 3.3 mm diameter implant with a conical connection under standard static and dynamic conditions, following the ISO 14801:2017. Finite element analysis was performed to compare the stress distribution on the tested implant systems under a 300 N, 30° inclined force. Static tests were performed with a load cell of 2 kN; force was applied on the experimental samples at 30° with respect to the implant-abutment axis, with an arm of 5.5 mm. Fatigue tests were performed with decreasing loads, at 2 Hz frequency, until three specimens survived without any damage after 2 million cycles. The emergence profile of the abutment resulted the most stressed area in finite element analysis, with a maximum stress of 5829 MPa and 5480 MPa for 2.9 mm and 3.3 mm diameter implant complex respectively. The mean maximum load resulted 360 N for 2.9 mm diameter and 370 N for 3.3 mm diameter implants. The fatigue limit was recorded to be 220 N and 240 N respectively. Despite the more favorable results of 3.3 mm diameter implants, the difference between the tested implants could be considered clinically negligible. This is probably due to the conical design of the connection, which has been reported to present low stress values in the implant neck region, thus increasing the fracture resistance. Microbiological in vitro test Tissue inflammation around implants could be due to microbial colonization of the implant-abutment interface (IAI). The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate bacterial microleakage at the IAI in Morse-taper implant-abutment connections. A bacterial suspension containing A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis was inoculated into the internal cavity of ten implant-abutment samples with a Morse-taper internal connection. The samples were assembled using a calibrated beater, totally immersed individually into culture tubes, and incubated at 37°C. Turbidity analysis, real-Time PCR, and horizontal electrophoresis were performed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Performed tests were negative for every specimen, except two of them because of contamination during the manipulation of the components. Morse-taper implants rely on a frictional connection, which results in a very narrow implant-abutment space. This can account for the sealing capability of conical connections against bacterial microleakage. Although in literature no connection type was able to provide a complete bacterial seal at the IAI, Morse-taper connection implants showed less microleakage in comparison with other connection types. The present in vitro evaluation confirmed the sealing capability of Morse-taper connections in static conditions. Clinical study The third part of the project is a clinical observational prospective single-arm study on Morse-taper connection implants. The main objective of the study was be to evaluate the survival rate and the clinical and radiographic success of Morse taper connection implants, used for single-tooth and partial rehabilitations, and to assess the incidence of technical and biological complications. The following data were collected: • implant-related factors: implant type, length, and diameter • patient-related factors: age, gender, smoking status, systemic diseases, medications, history of periodontal disease, bruxism • cause of the initial tooth loss: aplasia, unerupted tooth, traumatic injuries, caries, periapical periodontitis, marginal periodontitis • site-related factors: implant position, bone quantity / quality following the Lekholm and Zarb classification (Lekholm and Zarb 1985) • prosthesis-related factors: prosthetic restoration extension (single crown, partial fixed denture), prosthetic restoration material (all-ceramic, metal-ceramic, resin). To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of the implants used, the following parameters were recorded during follow-up visits, 3, 6, 18, 12 and 24 months after surgery: • Full-mouth plaque score % (FMPS%) • Full-mouth bleeding score % (FMBS%) • probing depth (PD) on the mesial, distal, buccal and palatal/lingual surfaces of the implants. The higher PD and the mean PD, measured as the average of four measured values, was considered for each implant. • Bleeding scores, assessed on the basis of this scale: 0) no bleeding; 1) bleeding on probing without redness and swallowing; 2) bleeding on probing with redness and swallowing; 3) spontaneous bleeding. • Plaque scores, assessed on the basis of this scale: 0) no plaque accumulation; 1) plaque accumulation revealed using a probe; 2) moderate accumulation of visible plaque/calculus; 3) high accumulation of visible plaque/calculus. • distance from the implant crown margin to the coronal border of the peri-implant mucosa (DIM) • width of keratinized mucosa (KM) • radiographic distance between the implant shoulder and the first crestal bone-implant contact (DIB), measured on intraoral peri-apical radiographs taken a Rinn alignment system • radiographic presence of continuous peri-implant radiolucency, measured on intraoral peri-apical radiographs taken a Rinn alignment system • Prosthesis function • Technical complications: implant fracture; abutment fracture; screw fracture; veneer fracture or chipping; metal framework fracture; abutment loosening; screw loosening; loss of access hole restoration. A total of 13 patients were treated with 41 implants. At the time of the last evaluation no implants failed, and all were successful. As for complications, no technical complication occurred. None of the implants showed signs of peri-implantitis, but a diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis was formulated in 3 patients, for a total of 8 implants. Bone resorption was consistent with the phisiological bone remodelling that occurs in the first year after loading. The regression analysis did not reveal any significant effect of any of the parameters on bone resorption, except for the history of periodontitis, which had a small but significant negative effect (p=0.47).

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Kabbash, Salma Mohamed Khalifa. "An In vitro Study of Bacterial Leakage of a Novel Implant Abutment Interface." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7534.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
Background: The two-stage implant system has proven to be a successful technique in replacing missing teeth (Nascimento et al., 2008). Nevertheless, the presence of micro-gaps that could entrap microbes at the implant-abutment interface (IAI) is unavoidable. This microbial leakage has been considered as one of the causes of peri-implant infection and bone loss (Scarano et al., 2005). Several companies have attempted to manufacture an implant with a connection design that provides hermetic sealing against bacterial leakage. Studies indicated that implants with internal connection, in particular the conical (Morse taper) design, have better sealing capacity in the implant abutment interface than the external design (Koutouzis et al., 2011, Jaworski et al., 2012). An internal conical implant system with a novel connection design, known as the Grand Morse (GM) connection, is reported to offer secure connection against micro-leakage (Neodent® Implant Systems Inc., 2018). Aims: The aim of this study was to test the sealing ability against bacterial leakage in the implant-abutment interface provided by an implant with a novel deep internal conical (GM) connection design.

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Hooi, Ken. "Clinically rationalising oral implant connection design. A critical review and proposal of a clinical research tool." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5401.

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Ramos, Marcelo Barbosa. "Avaliação da capacidade de selamento de intermediários UCLA em um sistema de implante de hexágono externo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-11112013-153728/.

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Objetivo. Avaliar a capacidade de selamento e a adaptação de intermediários UCLA, com ou sem uma cinta de cobalto-cromo (CoCr), em um sistema de implante de hexágono externo. Materiais e métodos. 120 implantes hexágono externo (Sistema de Implante Nacional - SIN, SP, Brazil) foram dividos em dois grupos (n=60) para receber intermediários UCLA de 6 fabricantes (n=10), com ou sem cinta pré-fabricada de CoCr (n=60). Os intermediários foram fundidos e subdivididos em 12 grupos da seguinte forma: M (Microplant), I (Impladen), S (SIN), Sv (Signo Vinces), T (TitaniumFix), and B (Bionnovation). A capacidade de selamento foi determinada pela colocação de 0.7 μL de azul de toluidina, 0.1% (TB) no espaço interno dos implantes antes do torque nos intermediários. Os espécimes implante-intemediários foram colocados dentro de tubos de 2.0 mL, contendo 0.7 mL de água destilada, a fim de manter a interface implante-intemediário submersa. Amostras de 100 μl foram coletadas após 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 144 horas de incubação para medição da absorbância em um espectofotômetro e devolvidos para medidas subsequentes. Para análise estatística, foram empregados o teste ANOVA a dois critérios (p < 0.05) e o teste de Tukey. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foi usado para visualização da adaptação da interface implante-intermediário. Resultados. Os grupos M, Sv, e T sem cinta CoCr apresentaram completa liberação de corante (TB) em 1 h, enquanto que nos grupos I, S, e B, a liberação do corante ocorreu em 3, 24 e 96 h, respectivamente. Para os intermediários com cinta préfabricada, a completa liberação de corante ocorreu em 6 h para o grupo S, em 24 h para os grupos Sv, T e B, e em 72 h para os grupos M e I. Foram observados desajustes na interface implante/intermediário em todos os grupos. Os desajustes mais evidentes foram observados para os grupos M e T, sem cinta de CoCr. Conclusões. A completa liberação de corante foi observada em diferentes períodos de tempo para todos intermediários UCLA, independentemente, da presença ou não da cinta CoCr. Foram observados espaços ou desajustes na interface implante/intermediário em todos os grupos.
To evaluate the effect of the presence of a prefabricated cobalt-chromium (CoCr) margin in a universal castable long abutment (UCLA) in the sealing capability and fit of the implant-abutment mating zone. Materials andmethods. One-hundred and twenty external hexagon implants (SIN, SP, Brazil) were divided in two groups (n=60 each) to receive UCLA abutments from 6 manufacturers (n=10 each) either with or without a CoCr margin (n=60 each). Abutments were cast and 12 groups were formed and named as: M (Microplant), I (Impladen), S (SIN), Sv (Signo Vinces), T (TitaniumFix), and B (Bionnovation). Sealing was determined by placing 0.7 μL of 0.1% toluidine blue (TB) in the implant wells before abutment torquing. Implant-abutment samples were placed into 2.0 mL vials containing 0.7 mL of distilled water to maintain the implant-abutment interface submerged. Aliquots of 100 μl of water were retrieved at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours incubation times for absorbance measurement in a spectrophotometer, and returned for repeated measurements. Two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Tukey\'s test were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for observation of the implant-abutment fit. Results. Groups M, Sv, and T without the CoCr margin resulted in complete release of TB at 1 h, whereas I, S, and B did at 3, 24 and 96 h, respectively. Complete leakage in abutments with the prefabricated marginoccurredat 6 h for S, 24 h for Sv, T and B, and 72 h for M and I. Implant/abutment gaps were observed in all groups. A poorer fit was depicted for groups M and T without the CoCr margin. Conclusions. Complete leakage was observed for all UCLA abutments regardless of the presence of the CoCrmargin. Implant-abutment gaps was observed for all groups.

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Rama, Glauber Macedo. "Próteses parciais fixas apoiadas sobre conexão dente-implante rígida: análise do comportamento biomecânico antes e após ciclagem mecânica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-12122014-103741/.

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A associação entre dente e implante em uma prótese parcial fixa (PPF) vêm sido questionada há muitos anos devido a suas implicações clínicas, incluindo a seleção do melhor tipo de união dos elementos protéticos (conexão rígida ou semi-rígida). Este estudo avaliou próteses dento-implanto-suportadas de conexão rígida do tipo cimentada sobre 3 tipos de conexão protética (hexágono externo - HE, hexágono interno - HI e cone morse - CM) e sua relação com o desajuste vertical e falhas na prótese antes e após ciclagem mecânica, além da análise fotoelástica destas situações. Foram confeccionados 21 corpos de prova (7 HE, 7 HI e 7 CM) sobre um modelo mestre que simulou a perda dentária dos elementos 46 e 47, sendo um implante posicionado na área do 47 e um dente preparado com ligamento periodontal simulado em poliéter na área do 45. Sobre este modelo foram confeccionadas PPFs metalocerâmicas de 3 elementos rígidas cimentadas sobre dente e implante (munhão universal). Os corpos de prova foram preparados e submetidos ao ensaio de ciclagem mecânica com uma carga de 120N por 1.000.000 de ciclos, simulando o uso clínico da prótese por 2 anos. Análises do desajuste vertical foram realizadas por meio de microscopia óptica (40x) em todos os períodos de confecção das PPFs (antes da solda, após solda, após aplicação da cerâmica e após ciclagem). O percentual de falhas nas próteses após ciclagem também foi avaliado (trincas/fraturas/decimentações), além da execução do ensaio fotoelástico (carga pontual dental, bipontual nos pilares e oclusal simultânea). Os resultados obtidos para o desajuste vertical indicaram um aumento significante dos níveis de desajuste para todas as etapas de confecção tanto para dente quanto implante (p<0,0001), porém não significante entre os grupos (p>0,059). Para o percentual de falhas na prótese, encontrou-se um índice decrescente na ordem CM>HI>HE. Para análise fotoelástica, encontrou-se um índice de concentração de tensões crescente na ordem CM<HI<HE. Baseado nos resultados encontrados, dentro das limitações do estudo foi possível concluir que: os níveis de desajuste vertical tendem a aumentar nas etapas de confecção da prótese para todas as conexões protéticas; a fadiga mecânica tende a interferir no grau de desajuste vertical a longo prazo pela deformação da estrutura a depender de sua espessura; o aumento no percentual de falhas da prótese tende a ser proporcional ao aumento da rigidez da conexão protética; apesar da redução da rigidez da conexão protética favorecer a longevidade da PPF, esta também tende a aumentar as tensões nos elementos pilares e stress no osso circundante; a utilização da conexão Morse subcrestal para união dente-implante rígida tende a ser preferível pela preservação dos elementos pilares devido a menor concentração de tensões em detrimento da longevidade da PPF, entretanto esta pode ser substituída caso a falha seja irreversível.
The association between tooth and implant in fixed partial dentures (FPD′s) have been questioned for many years due to its clinical implications, including selecting the best kind of connection design (rigid or semi-rigid connection). This study assessed cemented toothimplant supported rigid connected FPD′s on 3 types of implant connections (external hexagon - EH, internal hexagon - IH and morse taper - MT) and its relationship to the vertical misfit and FPD failure before and after mechanical cycling plus the photoelastic analysis of those situations. 21 specimens (7 EH, 7 IH and 7 MT) were fabricated on a master model that simulated tooth loss of elements 46 and 47, with an implant placed on the 47 area and a prepared tooth with simulated periodontal ligament in polyether on the 45 area. On this model, three-element metalloceramic rigid FPD′s were made, cemented to tooth and implant (universal post). The specimens were prepared and subjected to mechanical cycling with a 120N load under 1,000,000 cycles, simulating a 2-year clinical use of the prosthesis. Analyses of vertical misfit were performed by optical microscopy (40x) in all periods of FPD′s fabrication (before welding, after welding, after application of ceramic and after cycling). The FPD failure percentage after cycling was also evaluated (cracks/fractures/loss of cementation), and photoelastic test was performed (dental load only, simultaneous abutment load and occlusal load). The results for vertical misfit indicated a significant increase in the levels of misfit for all stages of fabrication for both tooth and implant (p<0.0001) but not significant between groups (p>0.059). For the FPD failure percentage, we found a decreasing rate in the order MT>IH>EH. The photoelastic test indicated a major amount of tension increase in the order MT<IH<EH. Based on these results, within the limitations of the study it was concluded that: the levels of vertical misfit tend to increase in the prosthesis fabrication steps for all implant connections; mechanical fatigue tends to interfere on vertical misfit in long term due to deformation of the framework depending on its thickness; the FPD failure percentage tends to be proportional to the rigidity increase of the implant connection; despite the decrease of rigidity of the implant connection favors the longevity of the FPD, this also tends to increase tensions on the abutments and stress on the surrounding bone; the use of subcrestal morse taper connection on rigid tooth-implant FPD′s tends to be preferable for the preservation of the abutments due to the lower abutment stress concentration at the expense of longevity of FPD, though this can be replaced if the failure is irreversible.

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SANTANA, Washington Macedo de. "Avaliação da infiltração microbiana na interface implante-abutment em conexões tipo hexágono interno e cone-morse de implantes osseointegráveis." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1378.

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The scientific literature has reported that dental implants can be affected by the oral microorganisms through the formation of a bacterial biofilm. The region most affected is the connection between the implant platform and the prosthetic abutment, particularly in implants with an external connection. Therefore, the region of the implant/abutment connection can participate in the development of peri-mucositis or peri-implantitis. They propose that these implant/abutment connections known as morse taper provide an effective seal against microorganisms. Thus the objective of this research was to evaluate the microleakage on the implant/abutment interface of internal hex and morse taper prosthetic connections. Thirty five (35) implants were selected and divided into seven (7) groups (5 groups of implants from Brazilian manufacturers and 2 groups of implants manufactured abroad). The tested implants were Straumann (Straumann AG® / Switzerland), Ankylos (Dentsply-Friadent® / Germany), AR Morse (Conexão/Sistema de Prótese® São Paulo-SP), Titamax CM (Neodent® /Curitiba-PR), Titamax II Plus (Neodent®/Curitiba-PR), Stronger (Sin/Sistema Nacional de Implante® São Paulo - SP) e Titanium Fix CM (AS Technology / São José dos Campos-SP). For the microbiological test the bacterium Enterococus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was selected. This bacterium was inoculated in the interior aspect of the implant followed by immediate installation and final torque (N/cm) of the prosthetic abutment. The implant/abutment set up was then placed in a Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) and incubated in this broth for 14 days. During this period, the cloudiness of the broth was evaluated at days 7 and 14. The data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis method. The results demonstrated that all samples from both Ankylos and Neodent CM groups did not present microleakage. Although 20% of samples from Conexao AR Morse group presented microleakage, there was no significant statistical difference when compared to the former two groups. Furthermore, all samples from Straumann,Titanium Fix CM, Neodent Titamax II Plus, and SIN Strong groups presented microleakage after 14 days of culture (p=0.05), though correlation analysis among these samples did not reveal significant statistical differences.
A literatura tem ressaltado que os implantes osseointegráveis podem ser afetados por transtornos decorrentes da formação de biofilme bacteriano em sua superfície. A região acometida envolve principalmente a conexão entre a plataforma do implante e o abutment, situação evidenciada especialmente nos implantes de conexões externas. Assim, tal situação pode culminar na formação de mucosites ou até mesmo perimplantites. Alguns tipos de conexões têm sido colocados no mercado pelos fabricantes de implantes com proposta de melhor selamento microbiológico. Baseada nesta consideração, esta pesquisa teve como propósito avaliar a microinfiltração na interface implante-abutment das conexões protéticas de alguns sistemas de hexágono interno e das conexões internas conemorse, que propõem capacidade efetiva de vedamento microbiológico. Para sua execução foram selecionados 35 implantes divididos em 7 grupos (5 grupos de implantes de procedência de empresas nacionais e 2 grupos advindos de empresas importadas). Os implantes analizados foram Straumann (Straumann AG® / Switzerland) e Ankylos (Dentsply-Friadent® / Germany), AR Morse (Conexão/Sistema de Prótese® São Paulo-SP), Titamax CM (Neodent® /Curitiba-PR), Titamax II Plus (Neodent®/Curitiba-PR), Stronger (Sin/Sistema Nacional de Implante® São Paulo - SP) e Titanium Fix CM (AS Technology / São José dos Campos-SP). Para os testes de contaminação, foi selecionada a bactéria Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), sendo esta inoculada no interior do implante com a imediata instalação e torque (N/cm) do respectivo abutment (pilar protético). Posteriormente, o conjunto pilar/implante inoculado foi colocado em meio de cultura caldo infusão de cérebro e coração (BHI) e mantido neste meio por um período de 14 dias. Durante este período, o controle da contaminação indicando microinfiltração foi feito pelo turvamento do meio de cultura, avaliado aos 7 dias e aos 14 dias após inoculação. Após a coleta dos dados, foi aplicado teste estatístico pelo método não paramétrico de Kruskal- Wallis e os resultados demonstraram que todas as amostras do grupo Ankylos e Neodent CM não apresentaram microinfiltração, sendo que 20% do grupo Conexão AR Morse apresentaram microinfiltração, contudo sem apresentar diferenças estatísticas significativas quando comparados com os grupos anteriores. Ainda, as amostras dos grupos Straumann, Titanium-Fix CM, Neodent Titamax II Plus e SIN Strong apresentaram todas as amostras infiltradas após 14 dias do estudo (nível de significância alfa=0,05) e na avaliação da correlação entre estas amostras, constatou-se que não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre si.

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Pessoa, Roberto Sales e. [UNESP]. "Influência do tipo de conexão protética, do platform-switching e do designe do implante no ambiente biomecânico de implantes imediatos com carga imediata." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104182.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O objetivo do presente trabalho de pesquisa foi avaliar a influencia do tipo de conexao protetica, do platform-switching, e do design do implante no ambiente biomec.nico de implantes imediatos com carga imediata. Para tanto, um modelo de alveolo de extraçao de um incisivo central superior foi constru.do baseado em tomografia computadorizada. Implantes inseridos no alveolo de extra..o foram avaliados por meio de analises em elementos finitos. Uma Analise de Variancia (α=0.05) foi utilizada para interpretar os dados do pico de deformaçao equivalente no osso, do pico de tens.es equivalentes no parafuso do abutment, do deslocamento relativo osso-implante e do gap do abutment. A maior influ.ncia do tipo de conexao protetica e do platform-switching foi observado na tensao do parafuso e no gap do abutment. Por sua vez, o design do implante afetou consideravelmente as deformaçoes no osso e o deslocamento relativo entre o osso e o implante. Nao obstante, evitar a sobrecarga do implante e garantir uma alta estabilidade inicial sao os fatores mais importantes na previsibilidade de implantes imediatos com carga imediata
The aim of the present research work was to evaluate the influence of different connection type, platform switching and implant designs on the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. A CT-based model of an upper central incisor extraction socket was constructed. The immediately placed implants were evaluated by finite element analysis. An Analysis of Variance was used to interpret the data for the peak equivalent strain in the bone, peak Von Mises stress in the abutment screw, bone-to-implant relative displacement and abutment gap. The largest influence of the connection type and platformswitching was seen on the peak equivalent stress in the abutment screw and implant-abutment gap. On contrary, the implant design considerably affects the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. However, avoiding implant overloading and ensuring a high implant initial stability are the most important factors for the predictability of implants in this protocol

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Pessoa, Roberto Sales e. "Influência do tipo de conexão protética, do platform-switching e do designe do implante no ambiente biomecânico de implantes imediatos com carga imediata /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104182.

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Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho de pesquisa foi avaliar a influencia do tipo de conexao protetica, do platform-switching, e do design do implante no ambiente biomec.nico de implantes imediatos com carga imediata. Para tanto, um modelo de alveolo de extraçao de um incisivo central superior foi constru.do baseado em tomografia computadorizada. Implantes inseridos no alveolo de extra..o foram avaliados por meio de analises em elementos finitos. Uma Analise de Variancia (α=0.05) foi utilizada para interpretar os dados do pico de deformaçao equivalente no osso, do pico de tens.es equivalentes no parafuso do abutment, do deslocamento relativo osso-implante e do gap do abutment. A maior influ.ncia do tipo de conexao protetica e do platform-switching foi observado na tensao do parafuso e no gap do abutment. Por sua vez, o design do implante afetou consideravelmente as deformaçoes no osso e o deslocamento relativo entre o osso e o implante. Nao obstante, evitar a sobrecarga do implante e garantir uma alta estabilidade inicial sao os fatores mais importantes na previsibilidade de implantes imediatos com carga imediata
Abstract: The aim of the present research work was to evaluate the influence of different connection type, platform switching and implant designs on the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. A CT-based model of an upper central incisor extraction socket was constructed. The immediately placed implants were evaluated by finite element analysis. An Analysis of Variance was used to interpret the data for the peak equivalent strain in the bone, peak Von Mises stress in the abutment screw, bone-to-implant relative displacement and abutment gap. The largest influence of the connection type and platformswitching was seen on the peak equivalent stress in the abutment screw and implant-abutment gap. On contrary, the implant design considerably affects the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. However, avoiding implant overloading and ensuring a high implant initial stability are the most important factors for the predictability of implants in this protocol
Orientador: Luis Geraldo Vaz
Coorientador: Elcio Marcantonio Junior
Coorientador: Sonia Aparecia Goulart de Oliveira
Banca: José Maurício dos Santos Reis Nunes
Banca: Rogério Margonar
Banca: Pedro Yoshito Noritomi
Banca: Flávio Domingues das Neves
Doutor

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Broccaioli, E. A. "CONNESSIONI IMPIANTO-ABUTMENT VALUTAZIONE DEL RIASSORBIMENTO OSSEO PERIMPLANTARE IN DUE SISTEMATICHE A CONFRONTO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/173984.

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Implant-abutment connection evaluation of bone loss for two different implants. Introduction: Peri-implant bone resorption around implant-abutment connection induces dental Implant companies to improve quality production and implant design to better clinical outcome. Moreover there is a growing interest in scientific community as it is shown by the greater and greater numbers of articles that treat thisargument. Purpose: the aim of this study was to analyse perimplant bone loss and investigate the negative aspects that interfere with osseointegration process. Bone loss is due to biological, mechanical and traumatic causes. Materials and Methods: We have analized two different implants (produced by the same Company) that mostly differ from one another in the implant-abutment connection. The first has an internal connection and a coronal machined neck, the second has an external connection and an all treated surface. Radiographs have been taken at baseline and after 4 years and have been compared. The results have been analyzed statistically. Result: We found a mean bone loss of 1,359 mm and 0,739 mm for the external and internal connection respectively. There is a significant difference P < 0,0001. We assume that micro-gap, micro-motion and stress distribution at the connections of implants, as well as the biological width at the implant surface and the microbiological enviroment at the implant sulcus work all together sinergically and impair the result. Conclusion: The implant-abutment connection influences the biomechanical and biological enviroment of perimplant bone. The external connection is followed by a significant reduction of crestal bone levels. However we think that more studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the findings obtained.

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Magnusson, Emelie. "FE analysis and design of the mechanical connection in an osseointegrated prosthesis system." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69402.

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In this master thesis the connection between the two major parts of an osseointegrated prosthesis system for lower limb amputees has been investigated by finite element (FE) analysis. The prosthesis system is developed by Integrum and the current design consists of a fixture, which is integrated in the residual bone, an abutment that penetrates the skin and an abutment screw that holds the parts together. The connection between the fixture and the abutment has a hexagonal section and a press-fit section that together form the connection. Due to wear and fracture problems it is desired to improve the connection. A tapered connection could be an alternative and three different taper angles, the effect of the length of the taper and the smoothness of the outer edge of a tapered fixture have been investigated. The results show that the taper has potential to function well and that a longer connection will give lower stresses in the system, but further investigations are needed.

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Marques, André Duarte de Azevedo. "Acompanhamento radiográfico do osso peri-implantar de implantes tipo cone morse com vedação da interface componente protético-implante com dimetacrilato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23150/tde-21092015-120600/.

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A conexão do implante com o componente protético é associado a remodelação óssea ao seu redor por servir de nichos para a colonização bacteriana. A proposta deste estudo é verificar se a vedação da conexão com dimetacrilato promove uma perda óssea menor. Foram utilizados 20 implantes ósseos Bone Level® Straumann, indicados para reabilitação protética unitária cimentada. Os pilares protéticos foram instalados nos grupos controle e experimental, adicionando-se o dimetacrilato à interface da conexão protética. Foram realizadas radiografias iniciais no dia da instalação do pilar e outra radiografia após 6 meses. As radiografias foram comparadas e medidas quanto a área de remodelação e perda vertical. A mediana da perda óssea em área foi de -1,16 mm2 e -1,05 mm2 e a média da perda em altura foi de -0.13 mm (±0,05) e -0,05 mm (±0,04) no grupo controle e experimental respectivamente. Os resultados não apresentaram diferença estatística significante em p > 0,05. Apesar de já ser comprovada a eficácia da vedação da interface com o dimetacrilato, o procedimento não foi suficiente para influenciar na remodelação óssea ao redor dos implantes. Entretanto, mais estudos devem ser desenvolvidos a fim de verificar se a vedação ajuda na sobrevivência dos implantes e incidência de peri-implantite.
The implant connection with the prosthetic component is associated with bone loss around the implants to serve as niche for bacterial colonization. The purpose of this study is to verify if sealing the connection with dimethacrylate promotes a lower bone loss. Twenty Straumann ® Bone Level implants were used, indicated for unitary cemented prosthetic rehabilitation. The abutments were installed in the control and experimental groups, adding the dimethacrylate to the prosthetic connection interface. Initial radiographs were obtained right after the pillar installation and another radiograph after 6 months. The radiographs were compared and measured as the area of remodeling and vertical loss. The mean bone loss in area was -1.16 mm2 and -1.05 mm2 and the average height loss was -0.13 mm (± 0.05) -0.05 mm (± 0.04) in the control and experimental group respectively. The results showed no statistically significant difference at p > 0.05. Although a study demonstrate the efficacy of the interface with the sealing dimethacrylate, the procedure was not sufficient to influence the bone remodeling around the implants. However, more studies are needed to verify that the seal helps the survival of implants and incidence of peri-implantitis.

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Carvalho, Marco Aurélio de 1989. "The effect of platform connection and abutment material on stress distribution in single anterior implant-supported restoration = a 3D finite element analysis = A influência do material e conexão de pilares na distribuição de tensões em coroas anteriores sobre implantes: um estudo pelo método dos elementos finitos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289174.

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Orientador: Guilherme Elias Pessanha Henriques
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A reabilitação de elementos unitários com implantes osseointegrados na região anterior da maxila é um cenário desafiador diante dos requisitos estéticos e funcionais. Nesse contexto, diferentes tipos de conexões pilar/implante e materiais constituintes do pilar surgiram no intuito de suprir as exigências estético-funcionais atuais. A distribuição de tensão no sistema de restaurações cimentadas a pilares cerâmicos parafusados a implantes é um fator importante na elucidação do processo de falha e também na previsibilidade de sucesso do tratamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes conexões e materiais de pilar na distribuição de tensões em restaurações sobre-implante unitárias anteriores através do método dos elementos finitos. Foram obtidos 9 grupos experimentais a partir da combinação de três conexões protéticas (hexagonal externa-HE, hexagonal interna-HI e cone morse-CM) e três tipos de material constituinte do pilar (titânio-Ti, zircônia-Zr e híbrido-H): HETi, HEZr, HEH, HITi, HIZr, HIH, CMTi, CMZr, CMH. Com o auxilio do software de modelagem 3D (SolidWorks 2012 Corp., Concord, MA, EUA), foram obtidos os modelos geométricos que se constituíam de: segmento anterior de maxila; implantes HE, HI e CM construídos a partir do implante Titamax Ex 4x13mm (Neodent, Curitiba, Brasil); pilar do tipo Munhão Anatômico CM (Neodent, Curitiba, Brasil) em titânio, zircônia e híbrido (corpo em zircônia e base em titânio) para implantes HE, HI e CM; coroa do elemento 21 em dissilicato de lítio cimentada com cimento resinoso. Foi aplicada uma carga, de 49N em 45 graus em relação ao longo eixo do dente, de forma contínua em 6 etapas desde a região de cíngulo à borda incisal, no intuito de simular o movimento de excursão da guia incisal. O critério de Tensão Equivalente de von Mises (?vM) foi utilizado para a avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa dos implantes e pilares entre os nove grupos. As tensões máxima (?max) e mínima (?min) principais foram utilizadas para a avaliação quantitativa entre os pilares de zircônia e corpo de zircônia de pilares híbridos. Os maiores valores de ?vM (MPa) para o pilar foram encontrados nos grupos CMZr, CMH e CMTi (315,61; 293,61; 289,36 respectivamente), e os menores nos grupos HEH, HITi e HIH (91,70; 97,58; 100,65, respectivamente). Os valores ?max e ?min foram menores nos grupos H que nos Zr. Qualitativamente, a concentração de tensão se deu na interface pilar/implante em todos os grupos, independente da conexão ou material do pilar. Concluiu-se que o tipo de conexão teve maior influência que o material constituinte nas tensões acumuladas nos pilares, sendo que os pilares híbridos tiveram comportamento mecânico semelhante aos de titânio, que por sua vez foi melhor que os pilares em zircônia
Abstract: The anterior single crown reconstruction is still a challenging scenario in implant dentistry. Within the esthetic and functional demand, different platform connections and abutment material emerged for better outcomes. The stress distribution through the structure is an important factor to be elucidated for better fail process understanding and also to the treatment success predictability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different abutment material and platform connection on stress distribution in single anterior implantsupported restorations, through the finite element method. Nine experimental groups were design from the combination of three platform connection (external hexagon-EH, internal hexagon-IH and morse tapered-MT) and three abutment material (titanium-Ti, zirconia-Zr and hybrid-H): EHTi, EHZr, EHH, IHTi. IHZr, IHH, MTTi, MTZr, MTH. Finite element models were obtained with the aid of a modeling software (SolidWorks 2012 Corp., Concord, MA, USA), and consisted of: EH, IH and MT implants modeled from Titamax Ex 4x13mm (Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil); abutment modeled from Anatomic Abutment CM (Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil) in titanium, zirconia and hybrid (two-piece abutment); lithium disilicate central incisor crown cemented over the abutment. The occlusal loading, consisted of a magnitude of 49N in 45 degrees to the implant long axis, was applied in six steps in order to simulate the incisal guidance. The equivalent von Mises criterion (?vM) was used for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of implant and abutment among all groups. The maximum (?max) and (?min) minimum principal stresses were obtained for numerical comparison of zirconia abutment and zirconia abutment body. The highest abutment ?vM (MPa) occurred in MTZr, MTH and MTTi (315.61; 293.61; 289.36 respectively); and the lowest in EHH, IHTi and IHH (91.70; 97.58; 100.65, respectively). The ?max and ?min values were lower in H groups than Zr groups. The stress distribution concentrated in the abutment/implant interface in all groups, regardless the platform connection or abutment material. It was concluded that the platform connection had more influence than abutment material on stress values and distribution on abutments, and the stress values for implants were similar among different platform connections, but greater stress concentrations were observed in internal connections
Mestrado
Protese Dental
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

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Rebeeah, Hanadi Abdulla. "Comparison of Three-Dimensional Displacements of Screw-Retained Zirconia Implant Crowns into Implants with Different Internal Connections." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449014390.

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Alriyahi, Mubarak. "An in vitro assessment of the bacterial sealing capacity of narrow diameter implants with Morse-taper abutment connections." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7332.

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Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD)
Background: Lack of appropriate bone thickness is a common clinical limitation for tooth replacement, often requiring narrow implants, which have shown better results when combined with Morse taper connections. Little is known about the sealing of the abutment-implant interface of narrow implants with Morse taper connections against oral bacteria. Aims: To investigate the in vitro ability of four commercially available narrow diameter implant (< 3.5 mm) with Morse-taper type implant abutment connections to impede bacterial penetration of their implant abutment interface (IAI). Material and Methods: Four commercially available narrow implant systems with Morse taper connections were subjected to Streptococcus sanguinis cultures in vitro and evaluated for contamination and microgaps through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: Bacterial penetration of the IAI was observed in all systems (n=12), ranging from 65 to >300 CFU. There were no statistically significant differences in the average log CFU between the four implant groups (χ2= 5.244, P=0.155). Microgaps ranging from 5-10 μm were observed in all assemblies when analyzed under SEM, with no statistically significant differences between the different systems (P>0.05). Conclusions: Despite the advantages of Morse taper systems, the evaluated narrow diameter implants using this type of abutment geometry failed to provide bacterial sealing. The observed microgaps can form reservoirs and potentially lead to inflammation in the peri-implant tissues and micromovements.

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Coppedê, Abílio Ricciardi. "Estudo biomecânico da conexão implante/pilar protético em implantes do sistema cone morse." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-31032008-164026/.

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Conexões em cone morse foram desenvolvidas para melhorar as propriedades biomecânicas e reduzir os problemas mecânicos encontrados nos sistemas de hexágono externo e interno. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de dois estudos que investigaram as propriedades biomecânicas da conexão implante/pilar protético em implantes do sistema cone morse. A proposta do primeiro estudo foi avaliar o efeito do carregamento mecânico na perda de torque de pilares protéticos do sistema cone morse, e o efeito de ciclos sucessivos de inserção/remoção no torque de remoção destes pilares. 69 implantes cônicos foram utilizados. Os implantes e pilares foram divididos em 4 grupos: grupos 1 e 3 receberam pilares sólidos, e os grupos 2 e 4(a,b) receberam os pilares com parafuso trespassante. Nos grupos 1 e 2 os torques de instalação foram medidos, os pilares foram removidos, e os torques de remoção foram medidos; dez ciclos de inserção/remoção foram realizados para cada conjunto implante/pilar. Nos grupos 3 e 4(a,b) os pilares foram instalados e carregados mecanicamente; os pilares foram removidos e os torques de remoção foram medidos; dez ciclos de inserção/carregamento mecânico/remoção foram realizados para cada conjunto implante/pilar. Os dados foram analizados com o teste de Student-Newman-Keuls, com um nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05%. A perda de torque foi maior nos grupos 4a e 2 (acima de 30%); seguidos pelo grupo 1 (10,5%); grupo 3 (5,4%); e grupo 4b (39% de ganho de torque). Todos os resultados foram significativamente diferentes. A comparação do número de ciclos mostrou que, com o aumento do número de ciclos de inserção/remoção, houve uma tendência de aumento na perda de torque, para todos os tipos de pilares e grupos. Concluiu-se que o carregamento mecânico aumentou o torque de remoção dos pilares carregados em comparação a pilares não-carregados, e que os valores dos torques de remoção decaíram conforme o número de ciclos de inserção/remoção aumentou. O objetivo do segundo estudo foi verificar se as diferenças estruturais entre os sistemas de implantes com conexão em hexágono internos e em cone morse influenciam sua resistência à fratura. Vinte implantes cônicos com dimensões de 4,4mm de diâmetro por 13mm de comprimento foram utilizados: 10 com conexão em hexágono interno (HI) e 10 com conexão em cone morse (CM) de 11,5°. Vinte pilares foram utilizados, 10 para os implantes HI (com um parafuso trespassante de fixação), e 10 para os implantes CM (sólidos). Os testes foram realizados em uma máquina universal de ensaios, com uma célula de carga de 500 kgf, deslocamento de 1mm/min, numa inclinação de 45° a força máxima de deformação (FMD) e a força de fratura (FF) foram analisadas. As informações coletadas foram analizadas com um teste paramétrico (teste \"t\" de Student, p ≤ 0,05). A média da FMD para os implantes CM [90.58(6.72)kgf] foi estatisticamente superior à média da FMD para os implantes HI [83.73(4.94)kgf] (p=0.0182). A média da FF para os implantes HI foi 79.86(4.77)kgf. Nenhum dos implantes CM fraturou. Por meio de microscopia óptica, verificou-se que as fraturas nos implantes HI sempre ocorreram no parafuso de fixação. Embora os implantes CM não tenham fraturado, eles sofreram deformações permanentes em sua plataforma e no pilar protético. É possível concluir que o desenho sólido dos pilares CM proporciona maior resistência à deformação e à fratura em comparação aos pilares HI.
Internal tapered connections were developed to improve biomechanical properties and to reduce mechanical problems found in external and internal hex implants. This work presents the results of two studies that investigated the biomechanical properties of the implant/abutment connection in implants with internal tapered connections. The purpose of the first study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical loading on the torque loss of abutments with internal tapered connections, and the effect of repeated torque cycles on the removal torque of these abutments. 68 conical implants and two abutment types were used. The implants and abutments were divided into 4 groups: groups 1 and 3 received the solid abutments, groups 2 and 4(a,b) received the trespassing screw abutments. In groups 1 and 2 installation torques of the abutments were measured, the abutments were uninstalled, and removal torques were measured; ten insertion/removal cycles were performed for each implant/abutment assembly. In groups 3 and 4(a,b) the abutments were installed, mechanically loaded, uninstalled, and removal torques were measured; ten insertion/mechanical loading/removal cycles were performed for each implant/abutment assembly. Data were analyzed with the Student-Newman-Keuls test, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Torque loss was greater in groups 4a and 2 (over 30%), followed by group 1 (10.5%), group 3 (5.4%) and group 4b (39% torque gain). All results were significantly different. The comparison of the number of cycles showed that, as the insertion/removal cycles increased, removal torques tended to be lower, for all abutment types and groups. It was concluded that mechanical loading increased loosening torque of loaded abutments in comparison to unloaded abutments, and removal torque values decrease as the number of insertion/removal cycles increase. The objective of the second study was to verify if the differences in the design of the internal hex and the internal tapered connection implant systems influence their fracture resistance. Twenty tapered implants with dimensions of 4.3mm X 13mm were utilized: 10 with an internal hex (IH) connection and 10 with an 11.5° conical tapered (CT) connection. Twenty abutments were utilized, 10 for the IH implants (with a trespassing fixation screw), and 10 for the CT implants (solid). The tests were carried out in a universal testing machine, with a 500kgf load cell, 1mm/min dislocation, and 45 degrees angulation. The maximum deformation force (MDF) and the fracture force (FF) were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed with a parametric test (Student\'s t, p<.05). The average MDF for the CT implants [90.58(6.72)kgf] was statistically higher than the average MDF for the IH implants [83.73(4.94)kgf] (p=0.0182). The average FF for the IH implants was 79.86(4.77)kgf. None of the CT implants fractured. By means of optical micrography, it was verified that the fractures in the IH implants occurred always in the fixation screw. Although the CT implants did not fracture, they showed permanent deformations in the abutment and in the platform. It is possible to conclude that the solid design of the CT abutments provides greater resistance to deformation and fracture when compared to the IH abutments.

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Faudemer, Gonzague. "Contribution de l'analyse mécanique à l'étude des implants et des biomatériaux dentaires." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841306.

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La solution la plus favorable cliniquement au remplacement des dents absentes est aujourd'hui la mise en place d'implants dentaires. Cette technique nécessite la maîtrise de plusieurs problématiques qui s'articulent autour des interfaces du système. Celles-ci sont au nombre de trois soit : l'interface os-implant, l'interface implant-pilier prothétique et l'interface pilier prothétique-prothèse. Dans cette étude, nous analysons les matériaux mis en présence au sein des interfaces et ce, par le biais de l'analyse mécanique afin d'apporter une contribution objective au choix clinique des matériaux par les praticiens. Les substituts osseux sont ainsi étudiés sous le prisme de leur stabilité mécanique, servant de trame à la reconstruction osseuse au contact de l'implant. Plusieurs systèmes implantaires (ensemble implant-pilier prothétique) sont ensuite étudiés pour en évaluer également la stabilité, gage de solidité du système et d'absence de dévissage. Enfin, plusieurs polymères dentaires sont évalués et comparés afin d'établir leur apport dans la solidité du complexe implanto-prothétique.

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Lazzari, Thiago Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Influência da colocação de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo ao redor de implantes instalados em áreas estéticas: estudo clínico controlado e randomizado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151299.

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Os implantes dentários têm sido utilizados desde meados da década de 50, e inúmeros estudos garantem a confiabilidade para sua utilização, dessa forma o implante tem se tornado uma prática comum entre os cirurgiões dentistas. À medida que sua utilização vem crescendo, suas complicações também aumentaram, principalmente quando instalados em áreas estéticas, onde há deficiência de tecido conjuntivo perimplantar. O objetivo deste estudo clínico controlado randomizado foi avaliar o aumento do volume de tecido conjuntivo perimplantar em implantes instalados em áreas estéticas com a utilização de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo. Para este estudo, foi utilizada uma amostra de 42 indivíduos com necessidade de implantes em áreas estéticas, onde o grupo teste (n=20) recebeu enxerto de tecido conjuntivo sobre os implantes e o grupo controle (n=22) recebeu apenas o implante dental sem a colocação de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo. Para análise do aumento do tecido perimplantar foram realizadas medidas clínicas no baseline, trans-operatório e pós-operatório de 4 meses. Após 4 meses o grupo teste apresentou diferença significativa no aumento de tecido conjuntivo, uma média 3,35±1,08mm / 3,62±1,08mm na vestibular e sobre o rebordo respectivamente, quando comparado ao grupo controle 2,08±0,62mm/ 2,51±0,53mm na vestibular e sobre o rebordo respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa na diminuição da deiscência óssea vestibular para o grupo teste uma média de 0,4±0,8mm contra 1,0±0,8mm do grupo controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa quanto a dor relatada pelos pacientes e a quantidade de analgésicos ingeridos. Pode-se concluir que após 4 meses o grupo teste apresentou aumento no volume de tecido conjuntivo, diminuição da deiscência óssea vestibular e os pacientes do grupo teste não sentiram uma dor maior que o grupo controle.
Dental implants have been used since 1950, and as numerous studies ensure reliability for its use, they implant have become a common practice among dentists. However , complications have also risen from its increased application, especially when they are installed in esthetic areas, where there is deficiency of periimplant soft tissue. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the increase in volume periimplantar soft tissue esthetic areas with the use of connective tissue graft. Individuals in need of implants in esthetic areas were included, and divided in two groups: test group (n = 20) received a tissue graft over the implants and the control group (n = 22) received only dental implant without the connective tissue graft placement. For the analysis of periimplantar tissue augmentation, baseline, trans-operative and postoperative measurements were performed. After 4 months, the test group presented a significant difference in mean connective tissue augmentation, with 3.35 ± 1.08 mm in the vestibular area and 3.62 ± 1.08 mm on the ridge when compared to the control group, with 2.08 ± 0 62 mm in the vestibular area and 2.51 ± 0.53mm on the ridge. There was a significant difference in the reduction of vestibular bone dehiscence for the test group, with a mean of 0.4 ± 0.8 mm versus 1.0 ± 0.8 mm in the control group (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in pain reported by patients and the amount of post-operative analgesics ingested taken. It can be concluded that after 4 months the use of connective tissue graft test group resulted in an increase in connective tissue volume, decreased vestibular bone dehiscence with similar amount of post-operative pain than the control group.

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Provinciatti, Mauricio Martins. "Análise fotoelástica comparativa entre pilares protéticos sólidos e de parafuso passante para implantes com conexão cônica instalados em diferentes profundidades ósseas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-22022016-155915/.

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As tensões de baixa intensidade contribuem para a remodelação óssea nos implantes osseointegráveis, enquanto as tensões de alta intensidade causam a reabsorção óssea abaixo da interface implante-pilar. A sobrecarga oclusal afeta a fisiologia do tecido ósseo, rompendo com o equilíbrio entre a neoformação e a reabsorção. Como consequência da desarmonia, lacunas surgem em meio a superfície óssea, criando um ambiente favorável à proliferação de patógenos e ao acúmulo de fibras. Com a continuidade da sobrecarga e com a permanência dos microrganismos o suporte ósseo é comprometido, resultando na falha do implante. Em condições normais de carregamento, os implantes com conexão cônica possibilitam uma distribuição homogênea das tensões. O posicionamento da plataforma protética abaixo da crista óssea determina a transferência das tensões para áreas distantes ao osso cortical. O presente estudo utilizou a análise fotoelástica para avaliar a distribuição de tensão em modelos experimentais com implantes com conexão cônica instalados na posição equicristal, 1,5 mm infraósseo e 3,0 mm infraósseo. Foram propostas reabilitações com coroas protéticas unitárias em cerâmica, cimentadas em pilares protéticos sólidos e de parafuso passante com alturas de transmucoso de 1,5 mm, 3,0 mm e 4,5 mm. Os implantes foram posicionados na posição correspondente ao primeiro molar inferior direito. Segundo as situações adotadas, os conjuntos implante/pilar foram avaliados isoladamente, adjacentes a réplicas do segundo pré-molar inferior direito e do segundo molar inferior direito e apenas adjacentes a réplicas do segundo pré-molar inferior direito. A carga aplicada aos modelos fotoelásticos foi de 200 Ncm para todas as situações. Nos modelos com réplicas dentais foi realizado o carregamento oclusal distribuído, nos modelos com implantes isolados o carregamento foi pontual na fossa central e distal das coroas protéticas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a indicação de um pilar protético em detrimento a outro se configurou segundo a presença ou não de elemento dental posterior à coroa protética, assim como também por intermédio da profundidade da plataforma do implante na crista óssea remanescente. Em extremidades livres com implantes infraósseo a distribuição de tensão proporcionada pelo pilar de parafuso passante foi superior a do pilar sólido. Com a presença do segundo molar a distribuição da tensão foi mais eficiente com o pilar sólido, independentemente da profundidade da plataforma do implante. Nos modelos fotoelásticos com extremidade livre, o deslocamento da plataforma para uma posição infraóssea determinou menores tensões ao tecido ósseo. Havendo contatos proximais bilaterais a distribuição da tensão foi favorecida quando o implante ocupou a posição infraóssea a 3,0 mm, estando conectado ao pilar de parafuso passante. Entretanto, quando conectado ao pilar sólido o implante equicristal apresentou melhor distribuição de tensão que os implantes infraósseo.
Low-intensity stresses contribute to bone remodeling, while high intensity stresses cause bone resorption, below implant-abutment junction in dental implants. The occlusal overload affects the physiology of bone tissue, disrupting the balance between new formation and resorption. As a result of the disharmony, gaps arise in the crestal bone, creating a favorable environment for the proliferation of pathogens and fiber accumulation. With the continued overloading and the permanence of microorganisms, the bone support is impaired, resulting in implant failure. In normal loading conditions the tapered connection implants enables a homogeneous distribution of stresses. The subcrestal positioning of the prosthetic platform determines the transfer of stresses to distant areas from the cortical bone. This study used photoelastic analysis to evaluate the stress distribution in experimental models in conical abutment connection implants placed in equicristal position, 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm subcrestal positions. Rehabilitations were proposed for single prosthetic ceramic crowns cemented in standard and regular Ankylos prosthetic abutments with transmucosal height of 1.5 mm, 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm. Implants were placed in the position corresponding to the first lower right molar. According to the chosen situations, sets of implant/abutments were evaluated separately, adjacent to replicas of the second lower right premolar and second lower right molar and just adjacent to replicas of the second right premolar. The load applied to the photoelastic models was 200 Ncm in all cases. In models with dental replicas, distributed occlusal loading was performed; on models with isolated implant, loading was precise in the central and distal fossa of prosthetic crowns. The results showed that the indication of an abutment over another is depended on the presence or absence of a dental element posterior to the prosthetic crown, and of the implant platform depth of the remaining bone crest. In distal extension with subcrestal implants, stress distribution provided by Regular Ankylos prosthetic abutments was better than that provided by the Standard Ankylos abutment. With the presence of the second molar distribution of stress was more efficient with the Standard Ankylos abutment, regardless of the depth of the implant platform. In photoelastic models with distal extension, the platform displacement to a subcrestal position determined lower stress to the bone. Having bilateral proximal contacts, the stress distribution was favored when the implant was placed in a 3.0 mm subcrestal position with Regular Ankylos prosthetic abutments. However, when connected to the Standard Ankylos abutment, implant placed in equicristal position showed better stress distribution than subcrestal implants.

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Calamia, Joseph Benjamin. "Implanted : technology and connection in the deaf world." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60841.

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Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30).
In 1984, the FDA approved a medical device called a cochlear implant for adult use in the United States. Unlike assistive hearing technologies that came before it, such as hearing aids, cochlear implants could offer wider access to sound even to the profoundly deaf. Given adult success with the device, the FDA lowered in 1990 the required age for implantation to two years old. The following year the National Association of the Deaf published a position statement on cochlear implants comparing them to "cultural genocide." This thesis explores two parallel stories. Drawing on interviews with implant engineers, surgeons, audiologists, and other specialists, the piece describes how cochlear implants function and how the devices have improved since the 1980s. Equally, the thesis pulls from interviews with bioethicists, deaf and hard of hearing individuals, educators at a signing deaf school, and others in the deaf community to describe the unique attributes and history of deaf culture and the changing and diverse reactions of the deaf community to this medical device.
by Joseph Benjamin Calamia.
S.M.in Science Writing

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Esquerra, Martha Margarita González. "Análise fotoelástica da distribuição de tensões em prótese fixa unitária posterior com conexões hexágono externo, hexágono interno e cone morse." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-25032015-090217/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição de tensões na região peri-implantar de próteses fixas unitárias cimentadas com conexões protéticas em hexágono externo (HE), hexágono interno (HI) e cone morse (CM), substituindo o 2° pré-molar mandibular; utilizando análise fotoelástica. Foram confeccionados 3 modelos fotoelásticos com implantes de diferentes conexões protéticas (HE, HI e CM) suportando coroas metalocerâmicas unitárias, com dentes adjacentes (1° molar e 1° pré-molar mandibular). Foram aplicados 2 tipos de cargas com diferentes intensidades, oclusal fisiológica (15, 20 e 25 Kgf) e pontual (10 e 15 Kgf) na fossa mesial das coroas implantossuportadas. As imagens obtidas foram inseridas no programa Fringes® (Laboratório de Projetos Mecânicos, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brasil), e selecionados 12 pontos a serem analisados. Foram realizadas análises quantitativa e qualitativa das tensões observadas. Os resultados das tensões (KPa) medias da região peri-implantar, para cada tipo e intensidade de carga, foram: Cargas fisiológicas: 1) 15 Kgf: HE 107,42; HI 88,81; CM 182,63; 2) 20 Kgf: HE 185,60; HI 123,77; CM 226,44; e 3) 25 Kgf: HE 207,90; HI 176,88; CM 320,65; Cargas pontuais: 1) 10 Kgf: HE 115,94; HI 108,14; CM 64,78; e 2) 15 Kgf: HE 147,25; HI 143,88; CM 177,87. Foi observado que para os carregamentos fisiológicos a HI apresentou os menores valores de tensão e melhor distribuição entre implante e dentes adjacentes; a CM apresentou os maiores valores de tensão, contudo a distribuição entre implante e dentes adjacentes também foi adequada; a HE mostrou a distribuição menos favorável com tensões na crista mesial do implante. Nos carregamentos pontuais a CM apresentou melhor distribuição de tensões ao longo do implante seguido pela HI e HE. Conclui-se que a distribuição de tensões foi influenciada pelo tipo de conexão protética; sendo que as tensões foram melhor distribuídas na carga oclusal fisiológica. O HI apresentou melhor distribuição de tensões para a carga fisiológica e o CM para a carga pontual, evidenciando melhor desempenho das conexões internas
This study aimed to evaluate the peri-implant stress fields generated from 3 different implant- abutment interfaces external hexagon (EH), internal hexagon (IH) and morse taper (MT); supporting single crowns corresponding to the 2nd mandibular pré-molar via photoelastic analysis. 3 photoelastic models with different implant-abutment connections (HE, HI, CM) supporting metal-ceramic single crowns with adjacent teeth (mandibular 1st molar and 2nd pre-molar) were fabricated. The models were submitted to different loads: physiologic occlusion (15, 20, 25Kgf) and punctual (10, 15Kgf) in the implant-supported crown at the mesial fossa region. The images obtained were inserted in the software Fringes® (Laboratório de Projetos Mecânicos, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brasil). The maximum stresses were determined and observed at 12 selected points, qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed. The results of the stress (KPa) average of peri-implant regions with the 2 different loads and their respective intensities (Kgf) were: Physiologic occlusion: 1) 15 Kgf: HE 107,42; HI 88,81; CM 182,63; 2) 20 Kgf: HE 185,60; HI 123,77; CM 226,44; and 3) 25 Kgf: HE 207,90; HI 176,88; CM 320,65; Punctual loads: 1) 10 Kgf: HE 115,94; HI 108,14; CM 64,78; and 2) 15 Kgf: HE 147,25; HI 143,88; CM 177,87. With the physiological load the IH showed the lowest stress values and a favorable distribution among implant and adjacent teeth; the MT showed the highest stress values, however a favorable distribution with the adjacent teeth; the EH showed stress values in the cervical mesial point of the implant. For the punctual load the MT showed the best stress distribution within the implant, followed by the IH and EH. It was concluded that stress patterns were influenced by the connection design and were more favorable with the physiological occlusion load for all connections. The IH showed better stress distribution with the physiological occlusion load and the MT with the punctual load, showing better performance for internal connections

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Tunes, Fábio Sanches Magalhães. "Efeito do jateamento de óxido de alumínio e uso de selante industrial, na superfície de pilares protéticos Cone Morse, de restaurações implanto suportadas sobre a resistência ao contratorque." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23150/tde-14092012-160152/.

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Problemas com desenho de conexões protéticas sobre implantes, microfendas, afrouxamento e, consequentemente, perdas das estruturas protéticas reabilitadoras são tópicos frequentes do estudo odontológico. Conexões do tipo Cone Morse, devido às suas características, diminuíram o índice desses problemas, abrindo uma nova perspectiva para o sucesso da prótese sobre implante. Contudo, ainda é frequente encontrar componentes que falham no desempenho, levando à falência da restauração, especialmente quando esses componentes não são bem ajustados, bem fixados ou, ainda, não possuem, na sua geometria, características suficientes para suportar as forças laterais e oclusais de um ciclo mastigatório. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a influência do jateamento com óxido de alumínio sobre a superfície externa dos componentes protéticos, separadamente e em conjunto, com um adesivo industrial, em uma tentativa de aumentar os valores de torque de abertura de componentes apertados em seu torque recomendado, pelo fabricante ou menor. Neste ensaio, foram utilizados 36 implantes da marca Straumann®, de 10mm de comprimento com diâmetro de 4,8 mm, os quais foram divididos em 6 grupos: Grupo 1 = controle, torque de 35 N.cm; Grupo 2 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 320) e torque de 35 N.cm; Grupo 3 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 320) e torque de 25 N.cm; Grupo 4 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 100) e torque de 25 N.cm; Grupo 5 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 320), aplicação de adesivo e torque de 25 N.cm; Grupo 6 = superfície jateada com óxido de alumínio (# 100), aplicação de adesivo e torque de 25 N.cm, que receberam componentes protéticos sólidos de 5,5 mm de altura, regulares e alterados. As modificações incluídas foram o jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio (100 e 320 micra) e o uso de Loctite® 277 como adesivo industrial. Os conjuntos implante-componente foram levados até uma máquina de controle de tração, Instron®, e, após a sua calibração, as amostras dos grupos foram apertadas em 35 e 25 N.cm, com um conjunto catraca-torquímetro, com checagem visual e registro no software acoplado à máquina de ensaio. Após trinta dias, os grupos foram levados à máquina novamente e o conjunto abutment-implante foi desapertado, agora somente com registro no software da máquina de ensaio. Os valores e porcentagens da diferença entre torque de aperto e desaperto foram avaliados estatisticamente, e comparados entre os grupos. Para todas as associações, o valor de p deveria ser menor ou igual 0,05, para relevância. O grupo Jateado 35 N.cm, 320 micra, não apresentou valores mais altos do que o grupo Controle no momento do torque de desaperto, assim como os grupos Jateados 25 N.cm 100 e 320 micra. Os grupos Jateados 25 N.cm, 100 e 320 micra, com adesivo, mostraram uma resistência por volta de uma vez e meia maior, no torque de desaperto do que o grupo Controle 35 N.cm.
Problems with design of prosthetic implant connections, microleakage,! loosening which leads to loss of rehabilitative prosthetic structures are frequent topics of dental study. Morse taper connections, due to its characteristics, decreased the rate of these problems opening a new perspective to the success of the prosthesis supported over implant. However, it is still frequent to find components that fail in performance leading to failure of restoration especially when these components are not well adjusted, tightened or do not have in its geometry enough characteristics to support the occlusal and lateral forces in a masticatory cycle. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of blasting with aluminum oxide on the outer surface of the prosthetic components separately and in conjunction with an industrial adhesive in an attempt to increase the opening torque values of components tightened on their recommended torque by the manufacturer or less, therefore allowing the dentist an early intervention in the prosthetic rehabilitation. In this test, 36 Straumann® implants of 10mm high and 4,8mm wide were used. They were divided into six groups: Group 1 Solid abutments control group - 35 N.cm tightened; Group 2 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 35 N.cm aluminum oxide 320 microns size particles; Group 3 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 25 N.cm aluminum oxide 320 microns size particles; Group 4 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 25 N.cm aluminum oxide 100 microns size particles; Group 5 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 25 N.cm aluminum oxide 320 microns size particles with glue application; Group 6 - Solid sandblasted abutments, 25 N.cm aluminum oxide 100 microns size particles with glue application, which received 5,5 mm high regular and modified solid abutments. The included modifications were sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles (100 and 320 microns) and the use of Loctite® 277 as an industrial adhesive. The samples were taken to a traction control test machine, Instron ®, and after calibration the group samples were tightened on 35 and 25 N.cm with a ratchet-wrench set with visual check. The data was recorded in a software coupled to the test machine. After thirty days the groups were brought again to the test machine and the samples were untightened. At this point the resulting data was recorded only in the testing machine software. The values and percentages of the changes between the tightening and loosening torques were recorded and compared among the study groups. For all associations a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The group blasted 35 N.cm, 320 microns did not show higher values than the control group at the time of loosening torque as well as groups blasted 25 N.cm 100 and 320 microns. The groups blasted 25 N.cm, 100 and 320 microns with adhesive showed a resistance around one and a half times greater in the loosening torque than the control group 35 N.cm.

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Rojo, Xicart Ernest. "Soft tissue volume gain around dental implants after abutment connection surgery using autogenous subepithelial connective tissue grafts harvested from the palate or tuberosity. A randomized prospective clinical study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586354.

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The aim of the present study is to compare the volume gain around dental implants when a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) from palate or tuberosity is used randomly. The most studied donor area for soft tissue augmentation has been the autogenous connective tissue from the palate. However recent studies has affirmed that tuberosity tissue may possess better tissue qualities for soft tissue volume augmentation. It has been shown that tuberosity connective tissue is more dense with less fat and glandular tissue. Therefore, it could be speculated that this firmer tissue will have less shrinkage and achieve more soft tissue gain. In the present study 32 patients with 36 implants with localized volume deficiency has been included and received randomly a SCTG from palate or tuberosity. Measurements using an intraoral optical scan has been done at baseline and 3 months. Also 20 samples were obtained at baseline for immunohistochemistry and descriptive histological analysis. In conclusion both groups obtained volume gain at 3 months. No statistical significant differences were found. Even though a tendency of better results was observed for patients who received SCTG from tuberosity.
L’objectiu del present estudi es comparar el guany de volum al voltant d’implants dentals després d’haver utilitzat aleatoriament injert de teixit conectiu subepitelial de paladar o de tuberositat. L’àrea donant més utilitzada per realitzat procediments d’augment gingival ha estat sempre la zona del paladar. Tot i que estudis recents han demostrat que la zona de la tuberositat pot ser una bona alternativa degut a que pot tenir millors propietats per l’augment gingival. S’ha demostrat darrerament que el teixit conectiu de la tuberositat és més dens i conté menys teixit gras i glandular. Això pot comportar que aquest teixit no es contraigui tant i que per tant pugui aconseguir millors resultats en quant a guany de volum. En aquesta investigació 32 pacients portadors de 35 implants amb defecte de volum vestibular han rebut cirugía d’augment de teixit tou utilitzant injert de teixit conectiu de paladar o tuberositat. S’han realitzat mesures utilitzant un escáner intraoral a l’inici de l’estudi i 3 mesos després. També s’ha realitzat estudi histològic i d’immunohistoquímica de 20 mostres. Com a conclusió, els dos grups de l’estudi han aconseguit guanyar volum de teixit tou als 3 mesos. No s’han detectat diferencies estadísticament significatives entre els grups. Tot i així s’ha observat una tendencia a millors resultats en el grup de pacients que han rebut injert de teixit tou de la tuberositat.

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Rancitelli, D. "HEALING AND REMODELING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT AROUND IMPLANTS WITH POOR KERATINIZED MUCOSA.INFLUENCE OF PROVISIONALIZATION TIMING (DELAYED VS IMMEDIATE) USING BOPT ABUTMENTS.A CLINICAL OBSERVATIONAL CONTROLLED PILOT STUDY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/473014.

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Aim of the study : the aim of the present study was to investigate the most effective timing of the surgical-prosthetic procedure in order to obtain a stable soft tissue augmentation around dental implants using BOPT abutments. Materials and Methods : Overall, 13 patients have been enrolled. A total amount of 21 implants have been placed and they have been alternatively assigned to the case (immediate provisionalization) or control group (delayed provisionalization) on the basis of the waiting list. The clinical criteria adopted for the enrollment in the study were the partial edentulism in which the teeth were lost at least 2 months before the date of implant placement with KM lower than 2 mm or inadequate soft tissues volume for a proper ridge contour. The two parameters evaluated for test and control groups were the apico-coronal migration and the soft tissue gain after grafting procedure. Results : gingival recession: for the control group 10 implants were analyzed between first and second evaluation. The mean difference was - 0.011 ± 0.8 mm (95% CI: - 0.3 to 0.27mm). For the test group 9 implants were analyzed between first and second evaluation. The mean difference was 0.0 ± 0.8mm (95% CI: - 0.35 to 0.37mm). Soft tissue gain: for the control group 8 implants were analyzed at the first evaluation. The mean augmentation was 1.17± 0.55 mm (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.45 mm). For the test group 4 implants were analyzed at the first evaluation. The mean augmentation was 0.82 ± 0.52 mm (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.65 mm). Conclusions : Both the prosthetic-surgical approaches are valid in order to treat limited horizontal defects with the application of connective tissue graft without recurring to costly, invasive and long lasting guided bone regeneration procedures. Considering the lack of available information from the preliminary results it is impossible to assess which is the best therapeutic option. A total amount of 34 implants will be necessary to be able to reject the null hypothesis that the population means of the experimental and control groups are equal with probability (power) 0.8.

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YOSHITO, DANIELE. "Cultivo e irradiação de fibroblastos humanos em meio enriquecido com lisado de plaquetas para obtenção de camada de sustentação em cultura de células da epiderme." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9959.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Xu, Yueshuo. "THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NON-LINEAR ROUTING WIRE BONDING PROCESS FOR HIGH-DENSITY CUFF ELECTRODE CONNECTOR." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1416583475.

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Hutton, Christopher G. "Comparison of two different surgical approaches to increase peri-implant mucosa thickness: a randomized controlled clinical trial." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2091.

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Objectives: Tooth replacement therapy using endosseous implants has become an essential component of contemporary dental practice. While a plethora of factors determine clinical success, the bucco-lingual and apico-coronal dimensions of the peri-implant mucosa play an important role in both esthetics and the maintenance of peri-implant health. Studies, most of which treat mucogingival defects in the natural dentition, comparing acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and autologous subepithelial connective tissue grafts (sCTG) have shown similar clinical outcomes. The purpose of this non-inferiority trial is to determine the clinical efficacy of ADM in the augmentation of peri-implant mucosa thickness (PMT) as compared to an autologous sCTG in human adults. Methods: Twenty healthy adults treatment planned for a single tooth implant restoration in need of simultaneous peri-implant mucosa augmentation at the time of implant placement were recruited on the basis of an eligibility criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to the control group (autologous sCTG), or the experimental group (ADM allograft). Clinical measurements of mucosal thickness at the site were made with a periodontal probe and an endodontic spreader at baseline and 16 weeks post-op. These measurements were made by a masked, calibrated examiner. Gingival health, oral hygiene, wound healing and patient reported outcomes were also obtained. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the mean mucosal thickness changes between the groups. Results: The mean gain in PMT was approximately 1.5mm in the control group and 0.8mm in the experimental group. When measured at 1, 3 and 5mm apical from the CEJ, only the 3mm site exhibited a difference between the groups that approached statistical significance (control: 2.08 ± 0.80mm, test: 0.83 ± 1.37mm, Mann Whitney U = 10.00, p=0.05). Changes in keratinized mucosa width, healing index and patient reported outcomes were generally similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both autologous sCTG and ADM appear to be adequate materials to augment PMT without sacrificing other relevant clinical parameters and/or patient related outcomes.

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Parreira, Diderot Rodrigues. "Matrizes tridimensionais de colágeno aniônico: elastina como suporte para reconstrução de tecidos moles: um estudo da integração matriz:tecido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-29032006-151033/.

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Este trabalho visou estudar a integração de implantes de colágeno aniônico:elastina obtidos a partir de pericárdio bovino acelularizado e com densidade de carga negativa variável. As cargas negativas foram introduzidas na forma de grupos carboxílicos, por hidrólise seletiva e controlada de grupos carboxamidas de asparagina e glutamina contidos na estrutura primária da proteína. Foram estudados materiais hidrolisados por 24 e 48 horas de tratamento correspondendo, respectivamente, a 46 '+ OU -' e 87 '+ OU -' cargas negativas adicionais em relação ao colágeno nativo. Os implantes foram introduzidos no subcutâneo de rato por tempos de 14, 60, 120 e 180 dias. Os materiais foram caracterizados por análise térmica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão, e os explantes avaliados por microscopia de luz (colorações de Hematoxilina: Eosina, tricrômico de Masson e Verhoeff). O objetivo foi avaliar o uso de matrizes com colágeno modificado para a reconstrução de tecidos moles. Diferentemente do tecido nativo (pericárdio bovino), a resposta biológica de matrizes de colágeno:elastina polianiônica após 14 dias do implante foi caracterizada por uma progressiva redução na fibrose, porém mais importante, não foram observadas células características de resposta inflamatória crônica, particularmente nos materiais tratados quimicamente. Após 180 dias, a maioria dos implantes estavam integrados à região implantada. Tais resultados sugerem que matrizes acelulares de colágeno:elastina preparadas pela desvitalização de tecido natural podem ser suportes bastante úteis para a reconstrução de tecidos moles, devido ao seu elevado grau de biocompatibilidade e integração
This work studied the integration of acellular polyanionic collagen:elastin matrices derived of bovine pericardium (BP) with variable negative charge. Negative charges were introduced in the material by selective hydrolisis of carboxamide side chain groups from Asn and Gln present in the primary structure of the protein. Hydrolized materials after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively with 46 '+ OU -' and 87 '+ OU -' extra negative charges, were studied. Implants were placed in the subcutaneous of rats for periods of 14, 60, 120 and 180 days. Materials were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, SEM and TEM, and explants analysed by optical microscopy (H.E., Masson tricromic and Verhoeff stains). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the use of modified collagen matrices for soft tissue reconstruction. Differently from native tissue (BP), the biological response of polyanionic collagen:elastin matrices after 14 days from implantation was characterized by a progressive decrease in fibrosis, but most important, no characteristic cells of a chronic inflammatory response were observed. After 180 days, most of the implants were integrated to the implant region. The results suggest that acellular collagen:elastin matrices prepared by devitalization of natural tissue due to their high degree of biocompatibility and integration may be potentially useful as a scaffold for soft tissue reconstruction

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Jacobs, Nicholas R. "Displacement of Screw-Retained Single Crowns into New Generation Narrow Diameter Implants with Conical and Conical/Hex Internal Connections and their Performance when Cyclically Loaded." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566144926275455.

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Scarpa, Carlotta. "The immunological response to breast implant: the role of cells and cytokines in the periprosthetic capsule and their involvement in the onset of the autoimmune diseases." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426173.

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Since their discovery breast prostheses have been criticized for being responsible for triggering systemic autoimmune disease. The presence of breast implants causes a natural foreign body reaction characterized by the infiltration of macrophages and T-cells. In order to understand which immunological pathways could be responsible for giving rise to, and the development of, connective tissue disease such as systemic sclerosis, I considered the cells and cytokines involved, focusing on the relationship between tissue growth factor-β, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and T helper 17 and/or T regulatory cells, and their effects on the different steps of capsular tissue formation. A disturbance in the modulation of these key cytokines may be responsible, in susceptible individuals, for a perpetuation of the inflammatory reaction which can locally lead to capsular contracture and at the systemic level may contribute to triggering autoimmune diseases
Sin dalla loro creazione le protesi mammarie sono state considerate responsabili della possibile insorgenza di malattie autoimmuni sistemiche. La presenza di protesi mammarie provoca una reazione naturale da corpo estraneo caratterizzata dall’infiltrazione di macrofagi e linfociti T. Al fine di capire i meccanismi immunologici che stanno alla base dell’insorgenza e dello sviluppo di malattie, come la sclerodermia, ho considerato le cellule e le citochine coinvolte, focalizzando l’attenzione sulla relazione tra il TGF-β, l’interleuchina (IL)-1, IL-6, i T helper 17 e/o le cellule T regolatrici, e il loro effetto sulle diverse fasi di formazione del tessuto capsulare. Un disturbo nella modulazione di queste citochine chiave può essere responsabile, in soggetti sensibili, di una cronicizzazione della reazione infiammatoria, che può localmente portare a contrattura capsulare e a livello sistemico può contribuire a innescare malattie autoimmuni

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Dietrich, Isa. ""Influência da composição de carreador biodegradável na viabilidade do implante de células mesenquimais indiferenciadas do tecido adiposo humano"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-03062005-143610/.

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Células mesenquimais indiferenciadas humanas foram obtidas por digestão enzimática e centrifugação do produto de lipoaspiração, expandidas in vitro, e implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de camundongos atímicos. No grupo I, cada animal recebeu o implante de uma membrana de 0,25cm2 de ácido glicólico e carbonato de trimetileno semeada com 1 x 106 destas células .No grupo II, cada um recebeu a injeção de 0,2ml de gel de ácido hialurônico reticulado contendo o mesmo número destas células. Com três semanas de implante, células humanas e vasos foram identificados nos dois carreadores. Entretanto, com oito semanas, somente no gel de ácido hialurônico as células humanas e os vasos estavam presentes
Human undifferentiated mesenchymal cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion and centrifugation of the product of liposuction. These cells were expanded, in vitro, and implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice. In group I, each animal received the implant of a 0,25cm2 membrane of glycolic acid and trimethylene carbonate, seeded with 1 x 106 of these cells. In group II, each one received 0,2 ml of cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel containing the same amount of these cells. With three weeks of implantation, human cells and vessels were identified in both carriers. However, with eight weeks of implantation, only in hyaluronic acid gel human cells and vessels were present

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31

Camenen, Romane Colette Hélène. "Mechanical tests for evaluation of the integrity of the implant abutment connection." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6155.

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Nos últimos trinta anos, a reabilitação oral por sistemas de implantes tornou-se uma das técnicas mais bem-sucedidas. Um sistema de implante tem habitualmente 2 corpos, um endosteal e um dispositivo de suporte para a prótese conectados por um parafuso. Ao longo desta interface, as microgaps podem se desenvolver. Estes espaços constituem um abrigo para bactérias, o que pode aumentar o risco de periimplantites, associadas a uma maior infiltração de células inflamatórias e perda de osso. Para reduzir esse risco e, portanto, o tamanho e número de microgaps, são realizados testes mecânicos para adquirir um maior conhecimentos sobre o desempenho de cada sistema de implantes. O comportamento dos dispositivos fora testados recorrendo a : análise microbiológica, extração de DNA, análise por estereomicroscópio, microscópio eletrônico de varredura, modelagem de elementos finitos, análise radiográfica e análise espectrofotométrica. Materiais e métodos : A pesquisa foi realizada entre novembro de 2016 e abril de 2017. Estudos experimentais, artigos de revisão e livros escritos em inglês com texto de versão de acesso completo, data de edição da publicação entre 2005 e 2017, e condições do teste mais realistas, como as condições na cavidade oral são critérios de inclusão. Os resultados foram posteriormente analisados, com o objetivo de avaliar a integridade da conexão de implante-pilar.
Over the last thirty years, the oral rehabilitation by implants systems has become one of the most successful techniques. An implant system has two main parts, an endosteal fixture and a prosthesis-supporting abutment connected to fixture with a screw. Along this interface, microgaps can develop; they are defined as a microscopic space. This localisation play a role of safe house for bacteria, which can increase the risk of peri-implantitis, they are associated with a higher inflammatory cell infiltration and bone loss. To reduce this risk and therefore the size and number of microgaps, mechanical tests are carried out in order to develop knowledge about the capacities of each implant system. As tests, it was found: microbiological analysis, DNA extraction, analysis by stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscope, finite element modeling, radiographic analysis and spectrophotometric analysis. Material and methods: the research was done between November 2016 and April 2017. Experimental studies, review articles and books written in the English with a full access version text, the edition date of the publication between 2005 and 2017, and conditions of the test more realistic, like the conditions in oral cavity are inclusions criteria. Their results are subsequently analysed, for the aim of an evaluation of the integrity of the implant-abutment connection.

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32

MENCIO, FRANCESCA. "Implant-abutment interface:bacterial leakage and microgap formation in two different type of Implant connections." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/918426.

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Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate, both in vitro and in vivo, two different types of implant-abutment connections: screwed connection and cemented connection, analyzing the permeability of the IAI to bacterial colonization and the stability to chewing forces. Materials and Methods In this study were compared two different types of implant-abutment connections: internal hexagon screwed connection (Winsix®, BioSAF IN, Ancona, Italy ) Group 1; and internal hexagon cemented-conical connection (Bone System®, Milano, Italy) Group 2. Group 1 and Group 2 were compared on three levels: impermeability to bacterial penetration an in vitro study, resistance to loading for 5 years a simulated computer model, type of peri-implant bacterial colonization and health of peri-implant soft tissues around the implant for 2 year in an in vivo study. Results The results had showed the lower stability to the screwed implant-abutment connection than the cemented implant-abutment connection both for the permeability to the bacterial colonization than for the stability to the chewing forces. Conclusion Also if the implants long-term failures are consequences of multi-factorial elements the choice of an adequate implant system is fundamental for the long-term success. Also the choice of connection system is very important and would be preferable to choose implants with cemented connection instead of implants with screwed connection.

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33

Lin, Ming-I., and 林明毅. "Effects of implant-abutment connection design on peri-implant bone levels." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64767862772249650511.

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碩士
中國醫藥大學
牙醫學系碩士班
100
Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of external, internal, and Morse taper implant-abutment connections on peri-implant bone levels prior to and after implant placement, by conducting a clinical analysis and comparison. Materials and Methods: In the first phase of this study, we collected, digitized, standardized, and classified the periapical x-ray data that was archived by the China Medical University Hospital Dental Department during the period of 2002 to 2010. In the second phase, we used Image J, a bio-image processing and analysis software to measure the bone loss prior to and after the loading of dental implant. Implants used in this study including external hex, Internal octagon and Morse taper implant-abutment connections. Three types of implant systems were placed at the bone level. Observation of the bone loss during time phases containing the periods of biological phase( 4 months after surgery) and the periods of Loading phase I ( 3 months after loading ) and loading phase II ( 6 months after loading. This study using the GEE (the generalized estimating equation) method to obtain the analysis data. Additionally, the protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of China Medical University Hospital. Results: The comparisons of the bone loss of three types of implant-abutment connections show no statistical significance among the biological phase, Loading phase I, and Loading phase II. For the bone loss in each time phase, the values of ΔVBD (bone loss) obtained during the biological phase are greater than those obtained while Loading phases I and II for all three types of implant-abutment connections. In the lower arch analysis between biological phase and Loading phase II, the analysis results also show that no statistical significance. The analysis results show that statistical significance exists in every time phase pair. Conclusions: Within limitations of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn, the implant-abutment connection design appears to have no significant impact on peri-implant bone levels.

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34

Al-Dujayli, Samantha. "Mechanical stability of morse taper implant – abutment connection: a focused review." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6348.

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O objetivo principal deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a integridade mecânica das conexões cone Morse de implante em relação à presença de microgap e manutenção do torque. Uma ampla pesquisa eletrônica foi realizada nos bancos de dados PubMed, Embase e Medline com as palavras chaves: dental implant” e “dental abutment” e (“conical” ou “taper” ou “cone”). “removal torque” e “Morse Taper”, “torque loss” e “micro gap size” Estudos in vitro demonstraram que os pilares cônicos têm melhor desempenho, no que diz respeito ao selamento bacteriano e a manutenção do torque e estabilidade do pilar, do que os pilares não cônicos. Estudos in vivo mostraram que as taxas de sucesso e sobrevivência dos sistemas de implantes cone Morse comparadas aos outras, são quase comparáveis; porém os implantes com conexão cone Morse mostraram menor perda ossea marginal. Conclui-se , com esta revisão sistemática, que o uso de implantes com conexões cone Morse parece ser mais vantajoso, pois de mostraram ter melhor desempenho em termos de estabilidade mecânica e selamento bacteriano.
The main aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review on the mechanical integrity of Morse taper implant-abutment connections in relation to the presence of micro gap and torque maintenance. A broad electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases with the logical operators: “dental implant” AND “dental abutment” AND (“conical” OR “taper” OR “cone”). “Removal torque” and “Morse Taper”, “Torque” and “micro gap size” In vitro studies demonstrated that conical abutments are more advantageous than non-conical abutments, and appeared to be superior in terms of bacterial seal performance, torque maintenance, and abutment stability. In vivo studies showed that the success and survival rates for conical and non-conical implant-abutment systems are almost comparable; however, the results indicated that, conical connection implants are more favourable as the majority of cases showed less marginal bone loss around. This systematic review points out that the use of conical implant–abutment connections seem to be more advantageous as they clearly showed better performance in terms of mechanical stability and bacterial seal.

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Hung, Hsien Ching, and 洪賢晴. "The Compressive Strength of Implant-abutment Complex with Different Connection Designs." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/su2vzb.

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碩士
長庚大學
顱顏口腔醫學研究所
106
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the stability of internal hex implant-abutment connection with internal hex with Morse taper implant-abutment connection by testing their compressive strength. Materials and methods: This was an in vitro study. The test group and the control group had 8 specimens separately. The test group was internal hex combined with Morse taper implant connection design, and the control group was internal hex connection design. Instron E3000 with axial load cell (Instron, Canton, MA, USA) was applied for the testing. The testing protocol was designed according to ISO14801 regulations. We compared the compressive strength of both groups. Results: The control group showed significantly higher compressive strength than the test group (p<0.0001). Conclusions: For the compressive strength of implant abutment complex, incorporating Morse taper design into internal hex connection failed to enhance its mechanical performance.

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36

Chu, Chun-Ming, and 朱俊銘. "Influence of Implant-Abutment Connection Design and Subcrestal Depth of Insertion on Stress Distribution in Mandibular Peri-Implant Crestal Bone." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74032465747530608475.

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碩士
中國醫藥大學
牙醫學系碩士班
97
Purpose：The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of various implant-abutment connection designs (part 1) and subcrestal-inserting depths (part 2) on the stress in peri-implant crestal bone by using three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis. Material and methods：Part 1：Thirty-six models with various morse-taper connection designs included different abutment diameters (3 mm, 3.5 mm & 4 mm), and connection depths (4 mm, 6 mm & 8 mm) and conically taper degrees (2∘, 4∘, 6∘& 8∘) between abutment and implant were constructed respectively. Vertical and oblique forces were set as 170N applied on the top surface of the abutment. The maximum values of von-Mises bone stress in the crestal bone around the implant were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA. In addition, the patterns of bone stress around the implant were examined. Part 2：In the crestal region when a morse-tapered implant (which is also one of the platform-switching implant) was subcrestally positioned, two factors were investigated. One is the thickness of cortical bone contacting to implant surface (CB). The other is the depth of subcrestal insertion (nCB). For the models of CB, eights thicknesses from 0.5 to 4 mm were constructed. For nCB, night depths were employed from zero to 1.6 mm. Therefore, a total of 72 FE models were generated. An oblique force of 170N at 45 degree to the long axis of the implant was applied on the top surface of the abutment. The stress distribution and the maximum values of von-Mises stress were recorded and statistically analyzed by using ANOVA. In addition, the experimental strain gauge test was performed to measure the highest strain data of bone around the implant on the four models (CB2-nCB0, CB2-nCB1, CB3-nCB0, and CB3-nCB1; CB2-nCB0 represents 2 mm of CB and 0 mm of nCB). In FE studies of part 1 and part 2, the geometry of bone models was generated based on the cross-section of mandible in the molar region and their material properties were anisotropic, i.e. properties differ in different directions. Results：Part 1： The results demonstrated that implants with smaller abutment diameter and deeper abutment connection did reduce the stresses significantly (p＜.0001) in the supporting bone around the implant under oblique or vertical loading. On the other hand, under vertical loading, less taper degrees of implant-abutment connection resulted in less bone stresses significantly (p＝0.0002) around implants. In oblique loading, however, the similar bone stresses were observed (p＝0.83) among the models with different taper-degree connection. As comparing those three factors, abutment diameter had stronger influence on reducing bone stresses than connection depth did, and the influence of conically taper degree was less. Part 2：The bone stresses were significantly different (P<.0001) among the models with different CB and nCB. CB played a major role in reducing bone stresses. The thicker CB was, the lower the maximal von-Mises stresses in the crestal region were, while the thickness of CB was within 2.5 mm. But, following CB increasing more than 2.5 mm, the decrease of stresses slowed down. However, insufficient thickness of nCB (about 0.2 to 0.4 mm), compared with equicrestal position (i.e. nCB is 0 mm), resulted in higher stresses of bone. On the contrary, lower stresses were found while the thickness of nCB was more than 0.6 mm. On in-vitro study, the peak value of minimum principal strain on crestal bone at models of CB2-nCB0, CB2-nCB1, CB3-nCB0, and CB3-nCB1 were 2012, 1239, 1630, and 945 microstrain respectively. The models with CB3 had lower bone strains than the models with CB2. The models with nCB1 had lower bone strains than the models with nCB0. Conclusion：Part 1：Within the limitations of this study, it was suggested that the narrower and deeper implant-abutment connection had the biomechanical advantage to reduce the stress concentration in the crestal region around the implants. Part 2：While the thickness of CB is more than 2.5 mm, adequate thickness of nCB more than 0.6 mm can help to further reduce the bone stresses around the implants.

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37

Ventura, Rita de Cássia Cabral. "Influence of connection type (internal VS. external) on implant impression accuracy: an in vitro study." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/25827.

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Tese de Mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2015
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if there was any significant difference in accuracy between implant-level impressions made on internal connection and external connection implant systems. The null hypothesis tested was that the accuracy of implant-impressions was not affected when internal connection or external connection implants were used. Materials and Methods: Two master models were fabricated with polyurethane by duplicating an edentulous mandibular arch. In each model four implant analogs (Biomet 3i®, Florida, USA) – internal connection (Group A) and external connection (Group B) - were placed in the intra-mental foramen region, simulating a supra osseous clinical environment and with longitudinal axis parallel to each other. The replicas were numbered anti-clockwise from 1 to 4 based on a frontal view of the master cast. For each group, reference bars machined to fit passively were fabricated using cobalt-chromium alloy. Twenty medium-consistency polyether (Impregum™ Penta™; 3M ESPE, Germany) impressions - 10 for each group - were made using the open-tray technique. Each cast produced was assessed for accuracy by attaching the respective reference framework with a single screw on analog number 1 and measuring the vertical gap between each cylinder and the respective analog (2, 3 or 4) at four different points - buccal, lingual, distal and mesial – using a toolmakers’ microscope. Results: The results showed there were significant differences between internal and external connections, comparing measurements in all analog/point combinations. It was determined that in Group B (External connection) the vertical gaps were statistically higher than the ones verified in Group A (Internal connection). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that internal connection implants present better results on the accuracy of implant impressions comparing to external connection implants. Implant-level impressions made on external connection implants resulted in statistically lower accuracy than the internal connection group.

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Kuo, Jia-Hum, and 郭佳晃. "Investigation of Fatigue Limit of Different Dental Implant Connection Types by Applying Various Abutment Screw Torques." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09639405598086201785.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
生物醫學工程學系
103
Most of the multi-stage implant system structure divided into abutment and implant component. Both abutment and implant structure are locked by abutment screw. Locking two-stage implant system structure by torque value of the manufacturers recommends. Because various manufacturers design, materials and processing, etc. Resulting in various torque values of abutment screw. However, the recommend torque of abutment combine implant is unclear. In addition, lower torque values of implant system and repeatedly chew of the mouth cause screw loosening made dental implant fracture. Furthermore, high torque values of implant system generate more high stiffness, leading to abutment thread abrasion and deformation or fracture. Effect of cyclic loading and fracture mode on the abutment screw with different torque of the multi-stage implant system. Two-stage implant system and three-stage implant carried out the maximum torque experiment, and then, it got maximum torque value that converted into percentage of torque value, then decreasing 10% torque value and increasing 10% torque value, converted into low limit of recommend torque, recommend torque and high limit of recommend torque. Subsequent, each two-stage implant system groups using a test according to ISO 14801 static / dynamic tests. It research that static load value and fatigue strength. Finally, After the experiment specimen analysis failure mode by the all test process. Each the maximum static load and the fatigue strength of two-stage implant system increases as locking torque value increases trends as well. Mode of failure of two-stage and three stage implant system are concentrated in abutment and implant connection.

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Hsu, Pei-Fang, and 徐珮芳. "Effects of axial loading on the pull-out force of conical connection abutments in ANKYLOS® implant." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zpdtfw.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
牙醫學系
105
Background: Conical implant-abutment connections possess a characteristic of tapered interference fit, originating from their conical geometry which allows abutment cones to sink into implant recesses. The frictional resistance generated between implant-abutment tapered interfaces enhances the stability of connections and brings expected clinical performances. However, axial loadings from chewing might further increase the sinking of the abutments, leading to the difficulty during abutment retrieval. Problems might arise when damaged abutments need to be replaced, and in certain cases the implants even have to be sacrificed. These serious consequences are worth to be investigated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of simulated axial loadings on the pull-out force required to disengage two-piece conical connection abutment from the implant. For better insights into the mechanics of conical connections, in addition to measuring the pull-out forces, we also investigated both the axial displacement of abutments and the change of torque values of abutment screws. Materials and Methods: Ten conical connection abutments (ANKYLOS® Regular/X Abutment, Dentsply-Friadent GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and ten implants (ANKYLOS® C/X Implant) were selected. The samples were divided randomly into 2 groups, control group (C) and experimental group (E), according to the loading conditions. For group E (n=5) a cyclic load of 18–180 N at a frequency of 10 Hz to 106 cycles was applied centrally and along the long axis of the implant, whereas for group C (n=5) each sample was put in workbench without cyclic loading at the same time during the cyclic testing period. Before mechanical loading, the initial torque values and the total lengths of tested samples of Groups C and E were recorded. After cyclic loading, the post-loading reverse torque value, the total length and the pull-out force of tested samples of Groups C and E were recorded. The difference between the initial torque value and the post-loading reverse torque value was defined as the total torque loss. The difference between the initial total length and the post-loading total length was defined as the axial displacement. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U tests. All statistical tests were performed at a 5% significance level. Results: The mean pull-out force values between the control group and the experimental group showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). The mean pull-out force of the experimental group was 77.60 N (SD = 6.16 N), which was significantly larger than that of the control group (mean = 55.28 N, SD = 9.41 N). The mean total torque loss and the mean axial displacement of the experimental group were both significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Simulated axial loading increased pull-out force of loaded abutments in comparison with unloaded abutments. Regardless whether in loaded or unloaded situations, conical connection abutments might present difficulties during abutment retrieval due to large pull-out forces. Under simulated axial loading, the pull-out force of abutments tended to increase as the axial displacement of abutments and the total torque loss of abutment screws were both increased. Keywords: implant abutment, conical connection, axial loading, pull-out force

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40

Karam, Pierre. "Effect of platform switching on marginal bone resorption around the implant." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5982.

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0 conceito de plaform switching, em português, plataforma alterada, referenciado na literatura, no âmbito da implantologia, que parece permitir uma melhoria na preservação do osso peri-implantar. Dos estudos sobre esta temática surgem varias hipóteses e explicações para justificar as melhorias clinicas obtidas com a sua utilização. Este trabalho procura rever e detalhar, tendo por base uma revisão da literatura cientifica, os fundamentos biológicos que suportam as vantagens clinicas obtidas com a utilização da técnica de plataforma alterada. Uma pesquisa na base de dados "PubMed", foi efetuada considerando os artigos dos últimos 10 anos. A bibliografia obtida inicialmente foi selecionada pela leitura dos resumos e posteriormente pela leitura integral das publicações. O mecanismo pelo qual a plataforma alterada apresenta melhorias clinicas quando comparado com as técnicas convencionais poderá estar relacionado com distintas ocorrências, nomeadamente devido a uma modelação biomecânica das componentes implantares, alteração da localização do microgap, modulação do infiltrado inflamatório peri-implantar e formação de um espaço biológico horizontal.
The concept of plaform switching, in Portuguese, changed platform, referenced in the literature, in the scope of implantology, which seems to allow an improvement in the preservation of the peri-implant bone. From the studies on this theme several hypotheses and explanations appear to justify the clinical improvements obtained with its use. This work seeks to review and detail, based on a review of the scientific literature, the biological foundations that support the clinical advantages obtained with the use of the altered platform technique. A search in the "PubMed" database was carried out considering articles from the last 10 years. The bibliography obtained initially was selected by the reading of the abstracts and later by the full reading of the publications. The mechanism by which the altered platform presents clinical improvements when compared to conventional techniques may be related to different occurrences, namely due to a biomechanical modeling of the implant components, alteration of microgap location, modulation of the peri-implant inflammatory infiltrate and formation of a Horizontal biological space.

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41

Kim, Hugh. "Implant surface topography affects connective tissue attachment to subcutaneous implants." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16234.

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A major concern with the implant-soft tissue interface is the aggressive proliferation of epithelium, which can be prevented in part by a firm attachment between the underlying connective tissue and the implant. Another problematic aspect is fibrous encapsulation of the implant, which denotes a failure of implant integration. The role of substrate texturing in maximizing fibroblast attachment and minimizing fibrous encapsulation has been documented previously. The aim of the present in vivo study is to evaluate the connective tissue attachment to titanium surfaces with varying degrees of roughness, including those found on commercially available dental implants. The roughness of the implant surfaces was previously quantified by numerical roughness (R[sub a]) values. Titanium-coated epoxy replicas were implanted subcutaneously in rats for periods ranging from 1-11 weeks. The implants were then processed for histomorphometric evaluation of connective tissue attachment, capsule thickness, and where applicable, the degree of separation between the tissue and implant. Statistical analysis revealed that the textured and rough substrata, namely the grooved (GR: V-shaped grooves, 30-um deep), titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS: R[sub a] =5.85 um), acid etched (AE: R[sub a] =0.59 um), coarsely blasted (CB: R[sub a] =5.09 um) and blasted and etched (SLA: R[sub a] =4.39 um) surfaces exhibited significantly (p<0.05) greater connective tissue attachment and thinner fibrous encapsulation when compared to the smooth, polished control surface (PO: R[sub a] =0.06 jam). In cases where separation occurred at the tissue-implant interface, this was of significantly (p<0.05) lower magnitude with the rough surfaces than the polished surface. The results indicate that rough implant surfaces are the most amenable to stable connective tissue attachment, which has implications for their use in percutaneous and permucosal applications, such as dental implant abutments.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate

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42

Jo, Paula Mira. "Enxerto conjuntivo subepitelial na implantologia." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7520.

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A técnica de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial tornou-se muito utilizada pela implantologia devido aos ótimos resultados obtidos na tentativa de melhorar os aspectos estéticos e funcionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura e mostrar as possíveis técnicas de tratamento, resultados e prognósticos dos enxertos de tecido conjuntivo em áreas implantadas, onde a gengiva requeria um novo contorno marginal. Ao concluir o levantamento da bibliografia, foi possível chegar à conclusão de que existem várias técnicas de enxertia do tecido conjuntivo, sendo que cada uma delas possibilita alcançar resultados previsíveis e satisfatórios na reabilitação do contorno gengival peri-implantar.
The technique of subepithelial connective tissue grafting has become widely used by implantology due to the excellent results obtained in an attempt to improve aesthetic and functional aspects. The objective of this work was to perform a literature review, and to show the possible techniques of treatment, results and prognostics of connective tissue grafts in implanted areas, where the gingiva required a new marginal contour. At the conclusion of the literature review, it was possible to conclude that there are several connective tissue grafting techniques, each one of which makes it possible to achieve predictable and satisfactory results in the rehabilitation of the peri-implant gingival contour.

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43

Yao, Kuang-Ta, and 姚光大. "Biomechanical study and design optimization of conical implant-abutment connections." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sv8957.

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博士
國立陽明大學
牙醫學系
105
Conical implant-abutment connections have been developed and become popular due to perfect stability in implant-abutment connections. The good clinical performance of conical connections is believed to be attributable to their large clamping force transformed from the large frictional resistance in the conical interface, which helps two-piece connections function as a single piece. Because chewing processes exhibit a regular pattern of the mandible moving forward and also inward on the working side, the effect is converted to bending and torsional moments on implant systems. The shape of the cross-section of conical connections is round, and the anti-torsional ability is questionable under a torsional moment. Meanwhile, several failed clinical cases of the Ankylos implant system (Densply, Mannheim, Germany) demonstrated conical abutment fractures occurring horizontally at the implant platform level in posterior single-implant restorations. Because of the large frictional resistance in the connection, it was quite difficult to retrieve a tightened fractured abutment, resulting in implant body removal with trephine as a final solution. This is a very serious issue due to the aggressiveness of this treatment. First, a series of in vitro tests were designed to investigate into the mechanical performance of conical connections under different cyclic loading conditions. Then, with design optimization, a finite element analysis (FEA) study was conducted to obtain a specific conical angle which leads to the best connection stability for the lowest abutment fracture possibility in the Ankylos-based conical implant-abutment connection system. Through the biomechanical analysis, the axial force in the posterior occlusion was found to play an important role in the stability of conical connections, which not only greatly increases their anti-torsional ability, but also restores their anti-bending ability when an index design was added. Furthermore, with design optimization, this FEA study obtained the optimal conical half-angle (10.1˚) for minimizing the von Mises stress of the abutment. Compared with the original design (5.7˚), the new design demonstrated the four advantages of increasing the rigidities of abutment and implant, diminished bone stress, shortened microgap at the implant-abutment interface, and a more even distribution of stress in the connection. This study employed a scientific methodology to solve the clinical problem of the potential disadvantages in conical connections and helped ascertain the relationships between the parameters of conical connections and occlusal pattern. This provides more information for both clinic applications and related further research.

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44

Pinto, Fernando Ramos. "The effect of connective tissue grafting on peri-implant tissue volume in immediate implant placement : a systematic review of the literature." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35123.

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Introdução: Atualmente, a Implantologia Oral é uma área de crescente importância na Medicina Dentária, fornecendo uma ampla oferta de tratamentos para pacientes desdentados totais ou parciais. O uso de implantes imediatos na zona anterior maxilar apresenta-se ainda como um tratamento de grau de dificuldade elevado, atendendo às potenciais alterações dos tecidos peri-implantares, podendo ocorrer complicações estéticas relacionadas com os resultados do tratamento, devido à modificação do contorno e da arquitetura da mucosa peri-implantar. Objetivos: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi o de analisar o efeito da utilização de um enxerto de tecido conjuntivo no volume dos tecidos peri-implantares após a colocação de um implante imediato no sector anterior maxilar. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, cuja escolha dos artigos, com data de publicação até 15 de abril de 2021, foi efetuada através das plataformas informáticas: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Sciencedirect e Cochrane Data base. Foram usadas as palavras-chave “immediate implant”, “immediate implant placement”, “immediate implantation”, “dental Implants”, “connective tissue graft” e “soft tissue graft”, em conjunto com os operadores booleanos AND e OR. Os estudos foram analisados e avaliados respeitando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos. Resultados: Foram selecionados 6 artigos, nos quais foram avaliados vários parâmetros e variáveis que repostaram os resultados do Tratamento. Foi evidenciado um valor superior de Pink Esthetic Score (PES) no grupo de teste em comparação com o grupo de controlo, obtendo-se um valor de 9.41,4 e 8.911,6, respetivamente. Na perda óssea marginal verificou-se uma maior perda no grupo de teste, sendo esta de -0.0550,35 mm, comparativamente ao grupo de controlo, que foi de -0.040,36 mm. Conclusão: O enxerto de tecido conjuntivo durante a colocação de implantes imediatos maxilares pode ser uma opção viável para a manutenção dos tecidos moles periimplantares, obtendo-se um resultado estético mais previsível. Relativamente á manutenção dos tecidos ósseos marginais, a utilização do enxerto de tecido conjuntivo não revelou qualquer vantagem comparativamente à sua não utilização.
Introduction: Currently, Oral Implantology is one of the most important areas in Dentistry, which provides a wide choice of treatments for patients who are totally or partially edentulous. However, the use of immediate implants in the anterior or esthetic area is still a High risk, given the unpredictability of changes in the peri-implant tissues, such as bone tissue in which esthetic complications may occur due to gingival contour and architecture modification. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of a connective tissue graft on the volume of peri-implant tissues when placing an immediate implant at the maxillary esthetic area. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out, selecting articles with publication date until 15 April 2021, through the computer platforms MEDLINE/Pubmed, Sciencedirect and Cochrane Data base. The keywords “immediate implant”, “immediate implant placement”, “immediate implantation”, “dental implants”, “connective tissue graft” and “soft tissue graft” were used, together with the boolean operators AND and OR. The studies were analyzed and evaluated respecting the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 6 articles were selected, which included several parameters and variables. A higher Pink Esthetic Score (PES) value was evidenced in the test group compared to the control group, obtaining a value of 9.41,4 e 8.911,6, respectively. In terms of marginal bone loss (MBL), there was a greater loss in the test group, which was -0.0550,35mm, than in the control group, which was -0.040,36mm. Conclusion: Connective tissue grafting during the placement of immediate maxillary implants can be a viable option to maintain the contour of the periimplant soft tissue, obtaining an acceptable aesthetic result. In terms of marginal bone loss, the connective tissue graft insertion does not result in any advantage.

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45

Chang, Shih-Hao, and 張士灝. "The in vitro and numeric biomechanical investigation of the natural teeth and implant-supported fixed partial dentures with various connector types." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74204571812258521849.

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碩士
長庚大學
顱顏口腔醫學研究所
92
Dental implant therapy has been introduced into clinical use for decades. Considerable success rates of the dental therapy have also been achieved. The applications were originally for the rehabilitation for the edentulous ridges, and have been extended to the fixed partial dentures and single tooth replacement. However, a controversy still existed in that whether the implants could be connected t the natural teeth. And, if so, should we use rigid or non-rigid connectors? The major cause for the complicated biomechanical behaviors of such natural teeth and implant-supported system is the dissimilar mobility of the natural teeth and osseointegrated implants. Therefore, we conducted the present study to investigate the effect of the non-rigid and rigid connectors on the biomechanical behavior of the natural teeth and implant-supported system. The present study consisted of three parts. In the first part we conducted an in vitro mechanical test to exert 150N vertical loads on the teeth, pontic and the implant in the dissected porcine mandibles. The amount of vertical displacement and intrusion were recorded. A corresponding finite element model was established and was set with the same loading conditions in the second part. The validity of the finite element model was verified with the in vitro test model by the ratio of the displacements of the teeth and the pontic to that of the implant. Finally, we analyzed the biomechanical responses of the natural teeth and implant-supported system. The results showed that the amount of displacement were greater in the rigid connector group from both the in vitro mechanical test and the finite element analysis. The validity of the finite element model was justified as the tendency of the ratio of the displacement of the teeth and pontic to that of the implant were similar for both the results from the in vitro test and the finite element analysis. Further analysis revealed that the strain and stress of the cortex of the non-rigid connector group became twice as high as the rigid connector group. Similar situations were also found in the stress of the abutment and the crown in the non-rigid connector group, which elevated for one to four folds and two folds for the abutment and the crown, respectively. The stress value would be extremely high if loading at the tooth adjacent to the non-rigid connector and the pontic with a non-rigid connector. The natural teeth and implant-supported systems with the rigid connector seemed to be relatively safe. Only one had better to avoid heavy loads on the terminal tooth, so as not to induce stress elevation of the implant fixture and the screw. Within the scope of the present study, we concluded that once the connection of the natural teeth and the implant became the very last options you have to take, the rigid connection would be a relative safe choice comparing to the non-rigid connector. Further biomechanical investigations and in vivo experiments may be necessary.

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46

Teixeira, Rafael Cristóvão Pinheiro. "A importância da gengiva queratinizada circundante aos implantes dentários: revisão narrativa." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10528.

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Objetivo: Comprovar a importância da Gengiva Queratinizada circundante aos Implantes Dentários, bem como avaliar os parâmetros clínicos e o impacto que a ausência/presença terá no sucesso do tratamento. Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica com recurso à base de dados PubMed e Science Direct. Foram estabelecidos critérios de inclusão:idioma em Inglês, o limite temporal do ano 2010 até 2021 e pelas palavras-chave. Após a obtenção dos artigos, foram lidos os abstracts e excluídos todos os artigos que não estavam na temática abordada ou cujo conteúdo era repetitivo a nível bibliográfico. Resultados: Foram analisados 11 artigos, nos quais foram avaliados todos os parâmetros clínicos de acordo com a presença/ausência de Gengiva Queratinizada. Conclusões: Após análise e comparação dos artigos revistos, apesar de discordância de um número reduzido de autores, podemos concluir que uma quantidade de Gengiva Queratinizada ≥ a 2 mm diminui a recessão gengival, perda de attachment, índice de placa, perda de crista óssea, inflamação gengival e sangramento.
Objective: To demonstrate the importance of Keratinized Gingiva to Dental Implants, as well as to assess the clinical parameters and the impact that its absence/presence will have on the success of the treatment. Methods: A literature search was carried out using the PubMed and Science Direct databases. Inclusion criteria were added: English, the time limit, from the year 2010 to 2021 and the keywords. After obtaining the articles, the abstracts were read and all articles that were not on the topic addressed or whose content was repetitive at the bibliographical level, were excluded. Results: 11 articles were presented, in which all parameters were obtained according to the presence/absence of Keratinized Gingiva. Conclusions: After analyzing and comparing the articles reviewed, despite the disagreement according to a small number of authors, we can conclude that a quantity of Keratinized Gingiva ≥ 2 mm decreases gingival recession, loss of attachment, plaque index, bone crest loss, gingival inflammation and bleeding.

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47

Huang, Yun-Hsuan, and 黃韻璇. "Effects of Different Horizontal Offset Platform Switching on the Crestal Bone Stress in Dental Implants with External and Internal Connections: A Strain Gauge Analysis." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83868573516326017422.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
臨床牙醫學研究所
99
Objectives: The stress around implants has been considered to affect the prognosis of implant therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of platform switching on the peri-implant bone strain in dental implants with external and internal connections, with strain gauge technique, under three different loads: the central vertical load, the lingual vertical load, the horizontal load. The other purpose was to evaluate whether increasing the degree of horizontal offset resulted in decreasing the peri-implant bone strain. Methods: Four types of implant：external hex connection and internal hex connection platform implant（OSSEOTITE® Parallel Walled Implants, BIOMET 3i, Palm Beach Gardens,USA）, length 13㎜ with different diameter 5.0 ㎜, 6.0 ㎜, were embedded in a 20 x 22 x 70 mm (width x height x length) epoxy resin block. Four strain gauges (EA-00-031CE-350) were bonded on resin surface adjacent to the buccal, mesial , lingual , and distal side of the implant platform. A CAD-CAM 10 x 10 x 11.5 ㎜ (width x length x height) tetragonal column customized abutments was fabricated. Three types of load were applied (vertical loads at two locations:the central vertical load, the lingual vertical load, and a horizontal load) with three different intensities (10N, 30 N and 50N). Each load was repeated 10 times and the data from the strain gauge were recorded and analyzed. Results: 1. Under the central vertical load, the platform switching design did not change peri-implant bone strain tendancy significantly. 2. Under the lingual vertical load, there was a tendency that the platform switching design decreased peri-implant bone strain. The greater amount of horizontal shifting, the smaller the peri-implant bone strain. When the applied load was larger, the tendency of reduced bone strain became more statistically significant. 3. Under the horizontal load, the trend was similar to that under lingual vertical load. 4. There was a difference between external hex connection and internal hex connection groups. Under the off-axis load, the reduction percentage of peri-implant bone strain in platform switching group of the internal hex connection group was not as large as that of the external hex connection. Conclusions: The data suggested that under off-axis load, there was a trend that the platform switching design decreased peri-implant bone strain in both external and internal connection groups. The greater amount of horizontal shifting, the smaller the peri-implant bone strain. When the applied load was larger, the tendency become more statistically significant. However, the reduction percentage in peri-implant bone strain in platform switching group of the internal hex connection group was not as large as that of the external hex connection under the off-axis force application.

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48

Nardelli, Maria. "O uso do tecido conjuntivo subepitelial na cirurgia plástica peri-implantar." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7159.

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O enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (SCTG) tem aumentado significativamente as chances de sucesso no tratamento de defeitos de tecidos moles na periodontia. Diretamente ligada a esse sucesso está a forma final do contorno gengival combinado ao SCTG, que contribui para o aumento e manutenção do rebordo, redução dos defeitos pós-exodontia, instalação de implantes imediatos, tratamento de recessão, fenestração e patologia periimplantar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica, considerando aspectos gerais como anatomia e morfologia periodontal, indicações e técnicas cirúrgicas relacionadas ao uso de SCTG na cirurgia plástica periimplantar. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, mostrando suas diversas vantagens e proporcionando aos profissionais da área uma visão geral e contemporânea. Torna-se claro, a partir dos estudos descritos, que o SCTG associado às várias técnicas cirúrgicas de manipulação tecidual deve ser o tratamento de escolha para alcançar um adequado tecido queratinizado na região de implantes estéticos e obter sucesso estético e funcional na reabilitação oral.
Subconective tissue graft (SCTG) significantly improved the treatment of soft tissues defects in periodontics. Directly attached to this success is the final shape of the gingival contour combined with SCTG, which contributes to the increase and maintenance of the alveolar ridge, reduces post-extraction defects, allows installation of immediate implants as well as the treatment of recession, fenestration and peri-implant disease. This work aimed to present a bibliographical review, considering general aspects such as anatomy and periodontal morphology, indications and surgical techniques related to the use of SCTG in peri-implant plastic surgery. A bibliographical research was carried out, showing its several advantages and providing to the area professionals a general and contemporary view of the subject. It is clear from the studies described that the SCTG associated to the various surgical techniques of tissue manipulation should be the treatment of choice to achieve an adequate keratinized tissue in the region of esthetic implants and to obtain aesthetic and functional success in oral rehabilitation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Implant connection'

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