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Journal articles on the topic 'Implant connection'
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1
Kim, Jung-Ju, Jae-Hyun Lee, Jeong Chan Kim, Jun-Beom Lee, and In-Sung Luke Yeo. "Biological Responses to the Transitional Area of Dental Implants: Material- and Structure-Dependent Responses of Peri-Implant Tissue to Abutments." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010072.
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The stability of peri-implant tissue is essential for the long-term success of dental implants. Although various types of implant connections are used, little is known about the effects of the physical mechanisms of dental implants on the stability of peri-implant tissue. This review summarizes the relevant literature to establish guidelines regarding the effects of connection type between abutments and implants in soft and hard tissues. Soft tissue seals can affect soft tissue around implants. In external connections, micromobility between the abutment and the hex component of the implant, resulting from machining tolerance, can destroy the soft tissue seal, potentially leading to microbial invasion. Internal friction connection implants induce strain on the surrounding bone via implant wall expansion that translates into masticatory force. This strain is advantageous because it increases the amount and quality of peri-implant bone. The comparison of internal and external connections, the two most commonly used connection types, reveals that internal friction has a positive influence on both soft and hard tissues.
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DUBOVA, Lyubov, Andrey Shlyk, Natalia Romankova, Maria Sokolova, and Georgiy Maximov. "ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF THE FIXING SCREW FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF IMPLANT AND ABUTMENT CONNECTIONS." Actual problems in dentistry 17, no. 4 (February 4, 2022): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-21-17-4-13-17.
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Subject. The design of the implant-suprastructure connection is one of the key factors influencing the success of implant-supported prosthetic treatment.
Different types of connection have their own biological and mechanical characteristics, on the knowledge of which the success of the patient's rehabilitation directly depends.
Implants are permanently exposed to a cyclic chewing load, which spreads through the prosthetic structure to the internal connection, including the implant itself, the suprastructure and the fixing screw.
The retaining screw is the weakest link in the internal connection of the implantation system.
A clear understanding of the biomechanics of the implantation system allows you to optimize individual treatment planning and reduce the risk of complications.
Objectives. Analysis and search for patterns of occurrence of biomechanical complications in various types of connections between the implant, screw and abutment. Determination of the advantages and disadvantages of using implant systems with different types of connection in orthopedic treatment based on implants, in order to improve the quality of planning and orthopedic treatment.
Methods. Literature review was carried out to assess the state of the fixing screw of an implant in various types of implant connections. To write the article, more than 90 local and foreign sources were analyzed on electronic resources PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Elibrary, Cyberleninka for keywords.
Results. The literature review describes the current understanding of the causes of biomechanical complications arising in the connection of a dental implant, abutment and fixing screw.
Conclusions. The results of our analysis allow us to conclude that the patterns of the occurrence of biomechanical complications in various types of connections between the implant, screw and abutment are being actively studied, however, the effect of the type of connection on the fixing screw requires additional study.
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Pereira, Paulo Henrique de Souza, Marina Amaral, Kusai Baroudi, Rafael Pino Vitti, Mohammad Zakaria Nassani, and Laís Regiane da Silva-Concílio. "Effect of Implant Platform Connection and Abutment Material on Removal Torque and Implant Hexagon Plastic Deformation." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 03 (July 2019): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700662.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the plastic deformation of the hexagonal connection, and the removal torque of the implant-abutment joint of two dental implants combined with internal or external hexagonal connection implants after mechanical cycling. Materials and Methods Twenty-four dental implants were used in the study. Half of the implants had internal hexagonal connections (IH; Titamax II Plus) and the other half had external hexagonal connections (EH; Titamax Ti Ex). Four groups of two types of dental implant abutments (titanium: Ti, UCLA II Plus and zirconia: Zr, fabricated by CAD/CAM; n = 6) were investigated. The abutments received a metallic crown and the settings were submitted to mechanical cycling (MC; 106 cycles, axial load, 120N). The connection surface area was measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The removal torque was evaluated and the plastic deformation of the hexagonal surface of the implant was measured by comparing the images before and after MC. Statistical Analysis Paired-t test was used to analyze the data statistically at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results The torque values decreased for all groups after MC, and the hexagonal surface area decreased due to plastic deformation for IH and EH associated with Zr abutments. Conclusions Zirconia abutments showed the worst plastic deformation of the implant connection surface and torque loosening when associated with IH implant.
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Ramoglu, Serhat, Simge Tasar, Selim Gunsoy, Oguz Ozan, and Gokce Meric. "Tooth-Implant Connection: A Review." ISRN Biomaterials 2013 (October 21, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/921645.
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Connecting teeth to osseointegrated implants presents a biomechanical challenge. This is due to the implant being rigidly fixed to the bone and the tooth being attached to the bone with a periodontal ligament. In order to overcome this problem, various connection types such as rigid and nonrigid have been proposed. However, the mechanism of attachment and the perceived problem of the differential support provided by the implant and the tooth have been discussed by many authors, and the ideal connection type is still controversial. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of all available literature addressing the tooth-implant connection and evidence-based understanding of the management of tooth-implant-retained restorations.
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Shetty, Manoj, Krishna Prasad D., Naresh H. G. Shetty, and Raghavendra Jaiman. "IMPLANT ABUTMENT CONNECTION: BIOMECHANICAL PERSPECTIVES." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 02 (June 2014): 047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703763.
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Abstract:Dental implant therapy is a fast growing and brightest prospect in the rehabilitation of completely and partially edentulous arches. Study of implants has become indispensable and so is the biomechanics related to dental implant therapy. Implant abutment connection is a crucial synapse between the implant and the abutment. It is an important determinant of the strength and stability of an implant supported restoration, and play a major role in the success of the implant. The review describes the biomechanics of this crucial connection.
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Min-Hsuan Lin, Min-Hsuan Lin, 馮已榕 Min-Hsuan Lin, 陳俊榮 I-Jung Feng, and 毛念平 Chun-Jung Chen. "Evaluation of Peri-implant Bone Change and its Risk Factors in Patients Presenting to a Medical Center: A 7-year Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry 5, no. 2 (September 2022): 081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/261634032022090502001.
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<p>Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the amount of peri-implant bone loss detected on digital panoramic radiographs in patient presenting to Chi-Mei medical center and to determine the factors associated with peri-implant bone loss. Materials and Methods: The panoramic radiographs of patient who presenting to Chi-Mei medical center (CMH) form year of 2008 to 2014 were screened. Those with at least one dental implant were selected and further evaluated. Submerged implants, implants with healing cap, failure implants, and implants with blurred vision were excluded. For patient level, sex, age and number of implants were recorded. For each implant obscured on the radiographs, location, type of implant-abutment connection, type of prosthesis, implant placed at CMH or non-CMH were recorded. The amount of peri-implant bone loss (PIBL) was assessed at the mesial and distal aspect using magnifying option. Clinical features of patients and implants were separately presented by descriptive statistics. Two multiple logistic regression models were also performed. Results: A total of 34.83% (650/1866) implants with detectable bone loss were identified. According to the result of chi-square test, age, implant-abutment connections and type of prosthesis were separately shown a significant influence on PIBL. Patients older than 25 years old have greater than 2.5 times risk of developing bone loss than younger patients. Comparing to the bone level with butt-joint connections, tissue level and bone level with platform switch connection separately significantly decrease 93.5% and 59.2% risk of bone loss. For the type of prosthesis evaluation, fix partial denture, overdenture and full mouth fix complete denture increased 1.97, 2.39 and 1.53 times risk of bone loss. Conclusion: Among these patients presenting to CMH with implants, the prevalence rate of peri-implant bone loss was 34.83% in implant level. Age, different implant-abutment connection designs and type of prosthesis could play a major role in peri-implant bone loss.</p> <p> </p>
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M. Cobo Vázquez, Carlos. "Management of Fixed Rehabilitation of Single Implants in the Aesthetic Sector: A Systematic Review." Corpus Journal of Surgery (CJS) 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/cjs/1001.
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Introduction When dental implants are installed and subjected to functional loads, marginal bone resorption is frequent, also in sites not affected by peri-implantitis, and it can be a critical factor that will affect the aesthetics and longevity of the implant because it is associated with an increased risk of peri-implantitis and soft tissue collapse. Objective To assess the peri-implant marginal bone loss and the survival percentage of implant restorations that present internal and external prosthetic connections. Material and methods A systematic review of the literature was carried out. Various information sources were consulted such as PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Scopus databases. For the search process, the methodology approved by the PRISMA Guide was followed. Results 5 articles were found that met the established criteria. In these articles, 2,866 patients rehabilitated by means of 6,455 implants were registered, of which 3,057 were restored with an external hexagonal prosthetic connection and 3,398 with an internal connection of the hexagonal or conometric type. The 3,057 implants prosthetized by connection to an external hexagon showed a mean peri-implant marginal bone loss of 0.986 ± 0.58mm. The 3,398 implants prosthetized by means of an internal hexagon or conometric type connection highlighted a mean peri-implant marginal bone loss of 0.86 + - 0.43mm. Conclusion Taking into consideration the individual characteristics of each patient and each situation, the literature seems to indicate that on the intensity of the mechanical stress and the tensions emitted to the peri-implant region, the conical connection and the cylindrical design of the implant transmit less stress to the cortical bone. Bone with respect to the external hexagonal connection and the conical design of the implant, which transmit less stress and tension to the trabecular bone and more to the cortical bone.
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Angeles Maslucan, Romy, and John Alexis Dominguez. "A Finite Element Stress Analysis of a Concical Triangular Connection in Implants: A New Proposal." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 3680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103680.
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Conical implant–abutment connections are popular for their stability; however, in other conditions, such as excessive force, implants and abutments can absorb all the stress. Some connections with three points of support can resist more than conical connections. In recent years, different studies has shown that the design of a connection affects its stability. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the stresses in finite elements (FEs) in a newly proposed conical triangular connection in implants with hexagonal and conical connections. A nonlinear 3D FE parametric model was developed using SOLIDWORKS 2017®. All the connections, i.e., external and internal hexagons, morse taper, conical connection, and the new conical triangular proposal were compared when axial forces of 150, 250, and 350 N were applied to the occlusal. The maximum stress was found in the external hexagon. The maximum stress was concentrated at the level of the neck of the abutment, implant, and bone, except for the morse taper; at the level of the crown and abutment, the lowest stress occurred in the new proposal. Conclusions: The new conical triangular (CT) connection and the conical connection (CC) generate similar stress in the implant, abutment, and crown. However, the CT connection improves the CC by reducing stress at the bone level, adding an advantage to having three retention points.
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Mobarek, Salma, Hala Kamal Abdel Gaber, Mohamed Samy Zaki, and Mohamed Bissar. "Clinical and radiographic assessment of peri-implant tissue changes using two different implant connections with immediate implant placement and loading." Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): 04–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2022v4n2p04-17.
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Aim: Radiographic assessment of dimensional changes of peri implant tissues in immediately placed implants with non-functional loading in maxillary esthetic zone with Internal Hex (IH) and Conical Tapered (CT) connections
Materials and Methods: 20 immediately placed implant with immediate loading were inserted in the maxillary esthetic zone, patients meeting the inclusion criteria were allocated into one of the two groups: Internal Hex or Conical tapered connection.
Results: Pink Esthetic Scores(PES) of the CT connection showed significantly higher values than IH. It was shown that the IH group showed statistically significant higher mean value than the CT connection in the values of crestal bone loss using CBCT.
Conclusion: CT connection has proved to result in better clinical, radiographic and volumetric outcomes than IH.
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Szpak, Piotr, and Jolanta Szymanska. "The survival of dental implants with different implant-abutment connection systems." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 29, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2016-0003.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the survival of implants with different implant-abutment connection systems, in patients who had two kinds of implants implanted. In total, 240 implants were implanted - 91 implants with conical abutment Morse connection, and 149 with an internal hexagonal connection. During the follow-up period of 3 years and 10 months, the percentage of lost implants with a conical implant-abutment connection was 1.1%. Regarding the implants with hexagonal implant-abutment connection, this figure was 0.7%. Our work shows that there is a need for further research on the survival of dental implants. In this, the influence of other factors should be explored that are related both to the specific implant treatment, as well as to socio-demographic factors
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Dubova, Lyubov, Andrey Shlyk, Georgiy Maximov, and Elizaveta Madjidova. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF IMPLANTS POSITIONED UNDER INCLINE WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS IMPLANT - ABUTMENT - LOCKING SCREW." Actual problems in dentistry 18, no. 3 (November 23, 2022): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2022-18-3-144-148.
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Subject. Various options for internal connections of implants, abutments and screws have biomechanical features that affect the success of implant treatment.
All structures of the implant system, including the internal connection, are subjected to masticatory stress. The most favorable location of the implant is the position coaxial to the occlusal load. However, in many clinical cases, due to anatomical limitations and the presence of contraindications for osteoplastic surgery, it becomes necessary to install implants at an angle.
At present, angular dental implants are being successfully introduced in dental practice - implants with an orthopedic platform located at an angle to the axis of the implant and a fixing screw shaft.
A clear understanding of the features of stress distribution within various types of implant connections allows you to optimize planning and treatment, thereby reducing the risk of complications.
Purpose. To study the features of stress distribution in implant systems with different designs of connections between an implant located at an angle, a screw and a suprastructure.
Methods. A study of the stress-strain state of implant systems was carried out using the finite element analysis method when using straight and angled implants for dental orthopedic treatment using non-removable structures.
Results. Peak stress values for models with a direct implant with different options for the direction of the occlusal load varied from 43 to 45 MPa. For the model with the use of an angled implant, the maximum stresses reached 70 MPa under a coaxial load, and 265 MPa under an angled load.
Conclusions. It is shown that the different structure of the inner connection largely affects both the localization and the absolute value of the maximum stresses. In the case of a model with a straight implant, the maximum stress values are significantly lower than the fatigue failure limits; when considering a model with an angled implant, the maximum stress values and their localization are comparable to the fatigue strength value under certain load directions, which can potentially lead to damage in the internal connection of the implant.
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Costa, Gardel Nepomuceno, Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez, Aluísio Martins de Oliveira Ruellas, Daiane Cristina Peruzzo, Júlio Cesar Joly, and Marcelo Henrique Napimoga. "Microbiological Sealing Analysis of a Tapered Connection and External Hexagon System." International Journal of Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3849085.
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Considering the variety of implant connection systems available in the market and the contrasting literature regarding tapered connection systems in terms of bacterial leakage, the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of the bacterial seal at the implant/abutment interface between an external hexagon and a tapered connection system. Twelve sets of indexed tapered connection components and twelve sets of external hexagon connection components were used for microbiological analysis. In addition, for each model, an implant with its respective prosthetic abutment was used as a negative control and another as a positive control of microbial contamination. Failure of the abutment/implant interface seal was observed via turbidity or presence of deposits in the culture. Descriptive analysis of the data and relative frequency (percentage) as well as Fisher’s exact test were used at a significance level of 5%. Two of ten (20%) external hexagon specimens showed contamination against 0/10 (0%) tapered connection implants. In conclusion, both implant/abutment connections were able to prevent bacterial leakage in vitro.
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Vélez, Jorge, Jesús Peláez, Carlos López-Suárez, Rubén Agustín-Panadero, Celia Tobar, and María J. Suárez. "Influence of Implant Connection, Abutment Design and Screw Insertion Torque on Implant-Abutment Misfit." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082365.
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Background: An accurate fit at the implant-abutment interface is an important factor to avoid biological and mechanical complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal misfit at the implant-abutment interface on external and Morse taper connection, with straight and angulated abutments under different insertion torque loads. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 implants were used, 60 with external connection (EC) and 60 with Morse taper connection (IC). Straight (SA) (n = 60) and angulated abutments (AA) (n = 60) were randomly screwed to each connection at different torque levels (n = 10 each): 10, 20 and 30 Ncm. All specimens were subjected to thermal and cyclic loading and the misfit was measured by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between connections and abutments regardless of the torque applied. Morse taper connections with straight and angulated abutments showed the lowest misfit values (0.6 µm). Misfit values decreased as torque increased. Conclusions: The misfit was affected by the type of connection. The type of abutment did not influence the fit in the Morse taper connection. The higher the tightening torque applied the increase in the fit of the implant-abutment interface.
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Hoffmann, Oliver, and Gregory-George Zafiropoulos. "Tooth-Implant Connection: A Review." Journal of Oral Implantology 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00071.
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The aim of this review was to assess the long-term outcomes of restorations supported by implants and natural teeth with regard to complications associated with implants, teeth, and restorations, as well as the influence on these parameters of the connector type used. A net-based search in PubMed was combined with a manual search. Clinical studies, reviews, and biomechanical studies were included. Information on survival rate, complication rate, incidence of tooth intrusion, and, where applicable, type of connector used, was retrieved from the clinical studies. Force distribution and types of connectors used were retrieved from the biomechanical study. A summary of outcomes was retrieved from the reviews. A total of 25 articles were selected for inclusion in this review, including clinical studies (15), biomechanical studies (7), and reviews (3). Implant success rates ranged from 79.5%–100%. Tooth complications occurred in 5.4%–11.8% of cases. Complications in the suprastructure were observed in 5%–90% of cases. Tooth intrusion presented in a total of 0%–66% of all cases, more often in cases with nonrigid connection (0%–66%) than in cases with rigid connection (0%–44%). Biomechanical studies show a large difference in stress distribution and in dependence on the type of connector used, with most studies demonstrating that nonrigid connectors drastically reduce stress on the suprastructure while increasing forces on supporting teeth and implants. Long-term success rates for tooth-implant connections are lower than for solely implant-supported restorations with regard to prognosis for teeth, implants, and suprastructure. Use of rigid connectors leads to more favorable clinical outcomes in terms of long-term stability, occurrence of complications, and tooth intrusion.
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Streckbein, P., R. G. Streckbein, J. F. Wilbrand, C. Y. Malik, H. Schaaf, H. P. Howaldt, and M. Flach. "Non-linear 3D Evaluation of Different Oral Implant-Abutment Connections." Journal of Dental Research 91, no. 12 (October 8, 2012): 1184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512463396.
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Micro-gaps and osseous overload in the implant-abutment connection are the most common causes of peri-implant bone resorption and implant failure. These undesirable events can be visualized on standardized three-dimensional finite element models and by radiographic methods. The present study investigated the influence of 7 available implant systems (Ankylos, Astra, Bego, Brånemark, Camlog, Straumann, and Xive) with different implant-abutment connections on bone overload and the appearance of micro-gaps in vitro. The individual geometries of the implants were transferred to three-dimensional finite element models. In a non-linear analysis considering the pre-loading of the occlusion screw, friction between the implant and abutment, the influence of the cone angle on bone strain, and the appearance of micro-gaps were determined. Increased bone strains were correlated with small (< 15°) cone angles. Conical implant-abutment connections efficiently avoided micro-gaps but had a negative effect on peri-implant bone strain. Bone strain was reduced in implants with greater wall thickness (Ankylos) or a smaller cone angle (Bego). The results of our in silico study provide a solid basis for the reduction of peri-implant bone strain and micro-gaps in the implant-abutment connection to improve long-term stability.
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Romanos, Georgios E., Rafael Arcesio Delgado-Ruiz, and Ana I. Nicolas-Silvente. "Volumetric Changes in Morse Taper Connections After Implant Placement in Dense Bone. In-Vitro Study." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102306.
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The stability of the implant–abutment interface is crucial for the maintenance of the implant index integrity. Several factors are capable of inducing deformation in implant–abutment connection, such as the actual insertion of the implant into the bone. This study aimed to evaluate the deformations produced in the connection after the insertion of the implant. Ten implants with two different implant carriers (Type A: carrier attached to platform and Type B: carrier attached inside the index-connection) were placed in artificial Type II bone, and volumetric changes were evaluated for different connection features with a 3D digital microscope. ANOVA (analysis of variance), Wilcoxon, and Tukey HSD post-test were used for statistical comparisons. Type A implants presented deformation at the platform level (inner slot angles and slot width), but no volumetric changes were observed inside the connection. Type B implants presented deformation in three parameters inside the connection (outer channel length, coronal step width, and coronal step length). Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that more deformation is expected at the internal connection when the implant carrier engages this area. The engagement area should be as far away as possible from the index connection.
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Herrero-Climent, Mariano, Artur Falcao, Joao Tondela, Aritza Brizuela, Blanca Rios-Carrasco, and Javier Gil. "Relevant Aspects of the Dental Implant Design on the Insertion Torque, Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) and Micromobility: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030855.
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The major problems for the osseointegration of dental implants are the loosening of the screw that fixes the dental implant to the abutment and the micromovements that are generated when mechanical loads are applied. In this work, torque differences in the tightening and loosening of the connection screws after 1 cycle, 10 cycles and 1000 cycles for 4 dental implants with 2 external and 2 internal connections were analyzed. The loosening of 240 implants (60 for each system) was determined using high-precision torsimeters and an electromechanical testing machine. A total of 60 dental implants for each of the 4 systems were inserted into fresh bovine bone to determine the micromovements. The implant stability values (ISQ) were determined by RFA. The mechanical loads were performed at 30° from 20 N to 200 N. By means of the Q-star technique, the micromovements were determined. It was observed that, for a few cycles, the loosening of the screw did not exceed a loss of tightening of 10% for both connections. However, for 1000 cycles, the loss for the external connection was around 20% and for the internal connection it was 13%. The micromovements showed a lineal increase with the applied load for the implant systems studied. An external connection presented greater micromotions for each level of applied load and lower ISQ values than internal ones. An excellent lineal correlation between the ISQ and micromobility was observed. These results may be very useful for clinicians in the selection of the type of dental implant, depending on the masticatory load of the patient as well as the consequences of the insertion torque of the dental implant and its revisions.
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Matsuoka, Takashi, Tamaki Nakano, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Shinji Ono, Shota Watanabe, Takumi Sato, and Hirofumi Yatani. "Effects of Implant–Abutment Connection Type and Inter-Implant Distance on Inter-Implant Bone Stress and Microgap: Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092421.
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The attainment of a good aesthetic outcome in dental implant treatment requires inter-implant papilla reconstruction, which is very difficult to perform. Maintenance of the inter-implant bone is essential for maintenance of the inter-implant papilla. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical influences of the implant–abutment connection type and inter-implant distance on the inter-implant bone by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Three computer-aided design models of two-piece implants were designed: external connection (EC), internal connection (IC), and conical connection (CC). In each model, two identical implants were placed with inter-implant distances of 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0 mm. The maximum principal stress and microgap were evaluated. The stress values of the inter-implant bone decreased in the following order: IC, EC, and CC. The microgap decreased in the following order: EC, IC, and CC. Regardless of the type of implant–abutment connection, the stress of the inter-implant bone increased as the inter-implant distance decreased. The microgap barely changed as the inter-implant distance decreased. A CC implant is a mechanically advantageous implant–abutment connection type for maintenance of the inter-implant bone. With an inter-implant distance of less than 3.0 mm, use of a CC implant might suppress absorption of the inter-implant bone.
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BASTOS, Juliana Maria Coutinho, Dimorvan BORDIN, Andréa Araújo de VASCONCELLOS, and Milton Edson MIRANDA. "Influence of cantilever position and implant connection in a zirconia custom implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis: in silico analysis." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 47, no. 4 (August 27, 2018): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.06718.
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Abstract Introduction A better tension distribution on implants and abutments in implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis is essential in the rehabilitation of posterior mandible area. Objective: To evaluate the influence of cantilever position and implant connection in a zircônia custom implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis using the 3-D finite element method. Material and method: Four models were made based on tomographic slices of the posterior mandible with a zirconia custom three-fixed screw-retained partial prosthesis. The investigated factors of the in silico study were: cantilever position (mesial or distal) and implant connection (external hexagon or morse taper). 100 N vertical load to premolar and 300 N to molar were used to simulate the occlusal force in each model to evaluate the distribution of stresses in implants, abutments, screws and cortical and cancellous bone. Result: The external hexagon (EH) connection showed higher cortical compression stress when compared to the morse taper (MT). For both connections, the molar cantilever position had the highest cortical compression. The maximum stress peak concentration was located at the cervical bone in contact with the threads of the first implant. The prosthetic and abutment screws associated with the molar cantilevers showed the highest stress concentration, especially with the EH connection. Conclusion: Morse taper implant connetions associated with a mesial cantilever showed a more favorable treatment option for posterior mandible rehabilitation.
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Саркисян, Константин, Konstantin Sarkisyan, Мария Стрижакова, Maria Strizhakova, В. Стрижаков, and V. Strizhakov. "INVESTIGATION OF FIT OF THE INDIVIDUAL ABUTMENT TO THE VARIOUS PLATFORMS OF IMPLANTS ON SAGITTAL SECTION." Actual problems in dentistry 15, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2019-15-2-106-109.
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Introduction. Modern implant systems have different types of connections between the implant and the abutment, in the area of which a microgap can be constructively formed, as a result of which dentists are faced with a loss of bone tissue and inflammatory processes in the area of dental implants.
Objectives ― assessment of the accuracy of the marginal fit of an individual abutment to the implant platform on a sagittal slice.
Methods. Two groups were formed according to the type of connection between the implant and the abutment (conical and planar). Individual abutments for all systems were made using CAD-CAM technology. Using the grinding machine Metaserv 25, sagittal sections of the abutment and implant were obtained. The study and cutting the compound was carried out on a TESCAN MIRA 3 autoemission electron microscope.
Results. Using an electron microscope TESCAN MIRA 3, we obtained images of the surface of the connection of the abutment and the implant on a sagittal slice. When three-dimensional scanning of the studied samples were obtained volumetric images. Measurements of the microgap of the implant compound and abutment on the sagittal split showed that with an increase of x8000 in the first group with a conical connection, the figure varied from 0.27-3.46 microns. In the second group with a planar compound, the index varied from 6.50-9.70 microns.
Conclusions. The ratio of the abutment to the implant with conical connections showed the best results in comparison with planar connections. Using CAD-CAM technology allows you to create prostheses with good marginal fit of the connection between the implant and the abutment.
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Delgado-Ruiz, Rafael, Ana Nicolas Silvente, and Georgios Romanos. "Deformation of the Internal Connection of Narrow Implants after Insertion in Dense Bone: An in Vitro Study." Materials 12, no. 11 (June 6, 2019): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111833.
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Implant connections must resist surgical and prosthetic procedures without deformation. This study evaluated the deformation of different internal connections (IC) of narrow dental implants (NDI) after their insertion in artificial dense bone. Thirty NDI, with different IC geometries, Group A (internal hexagon), Group B (tri-channeled), and Group C (four-channeled), with the same length and similar narrow diameters, were inserted in type II density bone blocks. Drilling protocols for dense bone from each implant manufacturer were followed. The Insertion torque (IT), connection length, vertex angles, and wall deformations were analyzed before and after the insertion of the implants. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Tukey post-test were used for statistical comparisons. IT values were higher for Group A, surface damage, and titanium particles were observed in the IC in all the groups. Angle deformations between 5 and 70 degrees were present in all the groups, and the walls of Group B connection were the most affected by deformations (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this experiment, it can be concluded that narrow diameter implants will suffer deformation of the implant connection and will also experience surface damage and titanium particle release when inserted in type II bone density.
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Ivanov, Alexander S., Stanislav Yu Maksyukov, Valentina N. Olesova, Magomed Ya Salamov, Dmitry V. Martynov, and Egor E. Olesov. "Microstructural analysis of the surface of implants removed in connection with periimplantitis." Russian Journal of Dentistry 25, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2021-25-1-5-11.
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BACKGROUND: The practice of prosthetics on implants shows a fairly high percentage of removed implants over the specified period. The reasons can be both insufficient hygiene of the tissues around the implants and their overload. Regardless of the cause, bone resorption occurs from the apex of the alveolar ridge (part) of the jaw deep into contact with the implant in combination with chronic inflammation of the periimplant soft tissues. Removal of the implant in such cases is indicated for bone resorption at half the length of the implant. Microstructural analysis of the surface of implants is rarely reflected in publications, since high-resolution microscopy is only possible for removed implants.
AIM: Microscopy and spectrometry of the surface of implants removed for periimplantitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surface analysis of the five implants removed due to periimplantitis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy in high vacuum mode with electron probe microprobe analysis of the elemental composition. A FEI Teneo VolumeScope single-beam scanning electron microscope with a detector was used to perform XFlash 6/30 energy dispersive analysis. The research was carried out in the Skolkovo Technopark.
RESULTS: The performed microscopic and spectrometric analysis, accompanied by micrographs and spectrograms of the cervical part of the implant in the area of bone tissue conservation, the presence of connective tissue and in the area of the exposed surface of the implant, demonstrate the process of disintegration of the implant due to periimplantitis, which consists in demineralization and resorption of bone tissue (in places up to the surface of the implant, in places with through defects to the surface of the implant) and its replacement with connective tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: Disintegration of the implant due to periimplantitis is accompanied by the process of demineralization and resorption of bone tissue (in places up to the surface of the implant, in places with through defects to the surface of the implant) and its replacement with connective tissue.
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Pournasrollah, Alireza, Ramin Negahdari, Vahedeh Gharekhani, Ali Torab, and Soheil Jannati Ataei. "Investigating the effect of abutment–implant connection type on abutment screw loosening in a dental implant system using finite element method." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 13, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.044.
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Background. The most common problem associated with dental implants is the abutment screw loosening. This research aimed to investigate the effect of the type of connection on screw loosening, using a finite element method (FEM). Methods. Periosave system and different types of the implant–abutment connection were used for modeling. After being measured, CAD files were modeled using CATIA software and imported to the ANSYS analysis software, and the model was loaded. Results. A force of 100 N was applied at 0.1 second, and no force was applied at 0.42 second. The screw head deformation at 0.1 and 0.42 seconds was 8 and 3.8 μm, and 7.6 and 2.8 μm at morse taper and octagon dental implant connections, respectively. The displacement rate of the internal surface of the abutment at 0.1 and 0.42 seconds was 10.7 and 8.4 μm, and 5.7 and 5.6 µm in the octagon and morse taper dental implant connections, respectively. The displacement of the implant suprastructure–abutment interface from the screw head at 0.1 and 0.42 seconds was 9 and 7 μm, and 7 and 6 μm in the morse taper and octagon dental implant connections, respectively. At intervals of 0 to 0.1 seconds and 0.6 to 0.8 seconds, the octagon connection was separated at the maximum screw head displacement and the internal part of the abutment, but the morse taper connection did not exhibit any separation. In the above time intervals, the results were similar to the maximum state in case of the minimum displacement of the screw head and the internal part of the abutment. Conclusion. Screw loosening is less likely to occur in the morse hex connection compared to the octagon connection due to the lack of separation of the screw from the internal surface of the abutment.
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Zincir, Özge Özdal, Gökay Karapinar, Meral Ünür, and Ahmet Bülent Katiboğlu. "How Do Differences of Dental Implants’ Internal Connection Systems Affect Stress Distribution? A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 23, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2019-0023.
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Summary Background/Aim: A factor affecting the success rate of dental implants, which has been used successfully for many years, is the implant-abutment connection system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution of different implant-abutment connection systems under different forces. Material and Methods: This in vitro study included a finite element analysis. In the study, the cylindrical and screwed dental implants available in 3 different diameters from 4 different companies were categorized into 12 different models. Two different scenarios of force application were conducted on each model in this study. In the first scenario, 100 N force and 100 N moment were applied in a vertical direction onto a point considered as the center of each tooth. In the second scenario, a 100 N force and moment were applied at a 45° angle in an oblique direction. Results: As a result of the forces applied to dental implants of different diameters from different companies, octagon implant-abutment connection systems had less stress accumulation than hexagon implant-abutment connection systems. In addition, when stress accumulation ratios were evaluated according to the diameter of the implants used, it was observed that 3 mm diameter implants accumulated more stress in bone than 4 mm diameter implants; there was no significant difference between 4 mm diameter implants and 5 mm diameter implants. Conclusions: Implant-abutment connection system is important for the longevity of implants under the forces. Therefore, this factor should be considered during implant selection.
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Sundar, Manoj Kumar, Shruti Lakhanpal, Fayaz Pasha, and Anupama Gautam. "Tooth Implant Connection." International Journal of Oral Implantology & Clinical Research 4, no. 3 (2013): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1100.
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R, Dr Poojya, Dr Darakshan Nazir, and Dr Shruthi C S. "Comparison of stress distribution in a three unit cement retained implant supported prosthesis with different implant abutment connections: A photoelastic analysis." RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences 12, no. 1 (2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/rjds.12_1_8.
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Aim: With the emphasis on success of implant supported prosthesis, and health of the surrounding tissues that are related to accuracy, and fit between the implant components, stability at implant abutment interface is of prime importance. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the stress distribution in three unit cement retained implant supported fixed partial denture with different implant abutment connections through photo elasticity. Materials and methods: Two photo elastic resin models were fabricated of standard dimensions (44mmx22mmx10mm). Group I sample: Three unit cement retained implant supported fixed partial denture with Internal implant abutment connection (Internal hexagonal connection) (Paltop Advanced, Keystone Dental Company, US)Group II sample: Three unit cement retained implant supported fixed partial denture with conical Morse taper connection (1.5 degree Morse taper) (Paltop Conical Active, Keystone Dental Company, US). Three unit cement retained implant supported fixed partial denture simulated missing mandibular first molar. Axial and oblique loads of 100N were placed on each implant and pontic area for 10 sec. Ten tests were done for each group. The stress values around the implants were derived from the colored fringe patterns obtained through polariscope, which were photographed after load applications from which values were derived. Results: Under axial loading, there was statistically significant difference between internal hexagonal connection and Morse taper connection in three unit implant supported prosthesis. Stresses were more in Group II sample with Morse taper connection. Under oblique loading, there was no statistically significant difference between Group I and Group II samples. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that Internal hexagonal connection showed less stresses as compared to Morse taper connection in a three unit cement retained implant supported prosthesis. Stresses were concentrated more in apical area under axial loading; while under oblique loading stresses were seen on the side of application of force on the body of the implant and on the apical region. However, stresses were uniformly distributed in both groups I and group II samples. In both groups stresses under oblique loading were more than axial loading, but that was not statistically significant.
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Moraes, Sandra Lúcia Dantas de, Fellippo Ramos Verri, Joel Ferreira Santiago Júnior, Daniel Augusto de Faria Almeida, Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo Lemos, Jéssica Marcela de Luna Gomes, and Eduardo Piza Pellizzer. "Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Varying Diameter and Connection Type in Implants with High Crown-Implant Ratio." Brazilian Dental Journal 29, no. 1 (February 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801746.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying the diameter, connection type and loading on stress distribution in the cortical bone for implants with a high crown-implant ratio. Six 3D models were simulated with the InVesalius, Rhinoceros 3D 4.0 and SolidWorks 2011 software programs. Models were composed of bone from the posterior mandibular region; they included an implant of 8.5 mm length, diameter Ø 3.75 mm or Ø 5.00 mm and connection types such as external hexagon (EH), internal hexagon (IH) and Morse taper (MT). Models were processed using the Femap 11.2 and NeiNastran 11.0 programs and by using an axial force of 200 N and oblique force of 100 N. Results were recorded in terms of the maximum principal stress. Oblique loading showed high stress in the cortical bone compared to that shown by axial loading. The results showed that implants with a wide diameter showed more favorable stress distribution in the cortical bone region than regular diameter, regardless of the connection type. Morse taper implants showed better stress distribution compared to other connection types, especially in the oblique loading. Thus, oblique loading showed higher stress concentration in cortical bone tissue when compared with axial loading. Wide diameter implant was favorable for improved stress distribution in the cortical bone region, while Morse taper implants showed lower stress concentration than other connections.
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Siadat, Hakimeh, Hossain Najafi, Marzieh Alikhasi, Babak Falahi, Elaheh Beyabanaki, and Farid Zayeri. "Effect of lateral oblique cyclic loading on microleakage and screw loosening of implants with different connections." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 12, no. 3 (October 26, 2018): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2018.028.
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Background. The implant connection type might affect microleakage and screw loosening in two-piece implants. The aim of this study was to measure microleakage and screw loosening of two connections of Noble Biocare implant system before and after cyclic loading. Methods. Twelve samples were categorized into two groups: external hexagon (Branemark) and internal hexagon connection (Noble Active) and two implants as controls. The abutments were tightened to a 35 Ncm torque. Initial torque loss (ITL) was measured five minutes after retightening the abutment, using a digital torque wrench. The samples were covered with putty material to the abutment‒implant junction. Customized metal crowns with 45° inclinations were placed on the abutments and cyclic loading was performed accordingly. Thereafter, the secondary torque loss (STL) was measured. Microleakage test was also performed. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the two phases of gamma counting between and within two groups (P>0.05). However, STL after cyclic loading was less than ITL in both groups (P=0.042). Conclusion. Connection type and cyclic loading had no significant effect on microleakage. Furthermore, the internal connection had less TL as compared to the external connection. In addition, the STLs were less than ITLs in both groups.
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Yoo, Dong Ki, Seong Joo Heo, Jai Young Koak, Seong Kyun Kim, Young Jun Lim, Sung Hun Kim, and Chong Hyun Han. "A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis with Various Implant Designs." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.885.
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Various studies recommend that threaded type implants should be used to maximize initial contact, improve initial stability, enlarge implant surface area, and favor dissipation of interfacial stress. The objective of this study was to compare four types of screw implants placed in posterior region of mandible model and evaluate the influences of implant shape, configuration, length, diameter and abutment connection method on stress distribution using a three-dimensional finite analysis. Four types of two-length implant models — 8.5 and 13 mm — were selected and the wide diameter was also used. Four groups were classified by implant outline and connection manner A load of 100 N was applied vertically on the center of the implant. Oblique and horizontal loads were taken as equal to that of the vertical load. The TMJ area in mandibular model was constrained in all directions. Results show that the stress of two-length implants was similar in all groups and the internal connection implant with appropriate thickness of inner part of the implant had better stress distribution.
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Datte, Carlos Eduardo, Fabiana Barbi Datte, Vinícius Anéas Rodrigues, Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges, Júlio Ferraz Campos, and Renato Sussumu Nishioka. "Biomechanics effect of two implant system with different bone height under axial and non–axial loading conditions." JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE SPREADING 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): e11913. http://dx.doi.org/10.20952/jrks2111913.
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The objective of this current in silico study was to evaluate the influence of axial and non-axial loads on unitary implant-supported implants, with external hexagon or Morse-taper connection in two different bone level, using finite element analysis. Two implant models with the same length (13 x 3.75 mm) were analyzed according to the prosthetic connection (external hexagon or morse Taper) and bone height (bone level or 5 mm of bone loss). Both implant systems received screw-retained metallic crowns in chromium-cobalt. The peri-implant tissue was simulated as an isotropic material (polyurethane resin). The polyurethane block has been fixed and a load of 300 N was applied on the occlusal surface in two different directions (Axial or Non-axial) for each implant model and bone condition. The results were analyzed in terms of von-Mises stress and bone microstrain. The materials were considered isotropic, homogeneous, linear and elastic. The results showed that there is no difference regarding the prosthetic connection for the generated stress and strain under the same load incidence. However, bone loss and non-axial loadings increased the stress and strain magnitude regardless the prosthetic connections. In conclusion, the load incidence is more prone to modify the implant stress and bone microstrain than the prosthethic connection. In addition, the higher the bone loss the higher the stress and strain magnitude generated, regardless the loading condition.
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Nadeali, Monireh, Mojtaba Bayani, Vahideh Nazari, and Rahmatollah Moradzadeh. "Effect of Implant Angulation on the Accuracy of Connecting Impression Coping to the Implants With Internal Hex." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 24, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.24.6.6209.4.
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Background and Aim: Different implant angulation, which is unavoidable in clinical situations, can affect the accuracy of impression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fixture position on the accuracy of connecting impression coping to implants with internal hex. Materials and Methods: A gypsum model with 4 implants with internal hex connection was prepared. The implants were installed in different mesiodistal angles of 0, 15, 25 and 35 degrees to the longitudinal axis in the gypsum model. To simulate the gums, a gingival mask was injected around the implants to a height of 2 mm. After a training session for senior dental students on how to close the impression coping, forty students were asked to close the impression copings on four implants. The correctness of the impression coping was evaluated by an expert prosthodontist. Data were statistically analyzed using Cochran Q test. Significance level was considered 0.05. Ethical Considerations: this article is approved by ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The correct performance of students in connecting the impression coping to the implant at angles of 0, 15, 25 and 35 degrees was equal to 85%, 72%, 52%, 35%, respectively. With the exception of 0 and 15 degree groups, a statistically significant difference was observed between different study groups. Conclusion: The fixture position has a significant effect on the accuracy of connecting impression coping to the implants with the internal hex and by increasing the implant angulation, the accurate connection the impression coping to the implant decreases.
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Marchenko, K. V. "FACTORS OF MARGIN BONE STABILITY AROUND IMPLANTS: LITERATURE REVIEW." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2022.12.
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Implant-supported dentures are increasingly used in dental practice since last century. The purpose of this review is to assess the effect of the transmucosal surface of restorations and implants on peri-implant tissues.
Factors that affect bone loss around implants can be divided into local, systemic and social. Local factors include implant geometry, occlusal loading, and biological aspects. Biological factors include peri-implantitis, poor bone quality, surgical implant placement procedure, early implant loading, and poor osseointegration. Among other factors that can lead to bone loss, systemic factors (patient age, general condition, genetic predisposition) as well as social factors (socioeconomic status of the patient, oral hygiene, drug use) play an important role.
The article compares and discusses the properties of different materials. The advantages, disadvantages and biomechanical concept of different implant-abutment connections are presented. The location of the connections relative to the bone level and the effect of the micro-gap between the abutment and the implant are described. The article focuses on the following issues:
exposure to the material from which the implants and abutment are made, with an emphasis on titanium alloys and zirconium dioxide;
implant systems, which are classified according to their location in relation to the level of the bone;
type of connection between implants and abutments: external (external hexagon), internal (internal hexagon and octagon) and their modifications, such as conical (Morse taper);
the influence of the precision of abutments to the implants` connection;
type of fixation;
features of transmucosal surfaces;
biological factors around the implant-abutment joint.
Scientists and manufacturers offer advanced solutions that reduce the number of complications and ensure a longer service life of implants-supported restorations. With proper procedures and the right selection of systems and tools, you can reduce bone loss and preserve soft tissue. Finding a balance between function and aesthetics in implant rehabilitation is a crucial issue.
The use of solutions aimed at achieving the expected result in each individual patient, which allow individual consideration of the above risk factors for marginal bone loss, will probably become a standard part of the examination at the preoperative stage of treatment.
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Balik, Ali, Meltem Ozdemir Karatas, and Haluk Keskin. "Effects of Different Abutment Connection Designs on the Stress Distribution Around Five Different Implants: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Oral Implantology 38, S1 (October 1, 2012): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00127.
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The stability of the bone-implant interface is required for the long-term favorable clinical outcome of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation. The implant failures that occur after the functional loading are mainly related to biomechanical factors. Micro movements and vibrations due to occlusal forces can lead to mechanical complications such as loosening of the screw and fractures of the abutment or implants. The aim of this study was to investigate the strain distributions in the connection areas of different implant-abutment connection systems under similar loading conditions. Five different implant-abutment connection designs from 5 different manufacturers were evaluated in this study. The investigation was performed with software using the finite element method. The geometrical modeling of the implant systems was done with CATIA virtual design software. The MSC NASTRAN solver and PATRAN postprocessing program were used to perform the linear static solution. According to the analysis, the implant-abutment connection system with external hexagonal connection showed the highest strain values, and the internal hexagonal implant-abutment connection system showed the lowest strain values. Conical + internal hexagonal and screw-in implant abutment connection interface is more successful than other systems in cases with increased vertical dimension, particularly in the posterior region.
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Khorshidi, Hooman, Saeed Raoofi, Afagh Moattari, Atoosa Bagheri, and Mohammad Hassan Kalantari. "In VitroEvaluation of Bacterial Leakage at Implant-Abutment Connection: An 11-Degree Morse Taper Compared to a Butt Joint Connection." International Journal of Biomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8527849.
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Background and Aim. The geometry of implant-abutment interface (IAI) affects the risk of bacterial leakage and invasion into the internal parts of the implant. The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial leakage of an 11-degree Morse taper IAI with that of a butt joint connection.Materials and Methods. Two implants systems were tested (n=10per group): CSM (submerged) and TBR (connect). The deepest inner parts of the implants were inoculated with 2 μL ofStreptococcus mutanssuspension with a concentration of 108 CFU/mL. The abutments were tightened on the implants. The specimens were stored in the incubator at a temperature of 37°C for 14 days and the penetration of the bacterium in the surrounding area was determined by the observation of the solution turbidity and comparison with control specimens. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was traced for the estimation of bacterial leakage and the results between two groups of implants were statistically analyzed by chi-square test.Results. No case of the implant system with the internal conical connection design revealed bacterial leakage in 14 days and no turbidity of the solution was reported for it. In the system with butt joint implant-abutment connection, 1 case showed leakage on the third day, 1 case on the eighth day, and 5 cases on the 13th day. In total, 7 (70%) cases showed bacterial leakage in this system. Significant differences were found between the two groups of implants based on the incidence of bacterial leakage (p<0.05).Conclusion. The 11-degree Morse taper demonstrated better resistance to microbial leakage than butt joint connection.
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Rismanchian, Mansoor, Mansour Dakhilalian, Farshad Bajoghli, Ehsan Ghasemi, and Pooyan Sadr-Eshkevari. "Implant-Retained Mandibular Bar-Supported Overlay Dentures: A Finite Element Stress Analysis of Four Different Bar Heights." Journal of Oral Implantology 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00037.1.
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Proper stress distribution on dental implants is necessary in bar-retained implant overlay dentures. We aimed to comparatively assess this stress distribution according to different bar heights using finite element models. A three-dimensional (3D) computer model of mandible with 2 implants (ITI, 4.1 mm diameter and 12 mm length) in canine areas and an overlying implant-supported bar-retained overlay denture were simulated with 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-mm bar heights using ABAQUS software. A vertical force was applied to the left first molar and gradually increased from 0 to 50 N. The resultant stress distribution was evaluated. Bars of 1 and 2 mm in height transferred the least stress to the implants (3.882 and 3.896 MPa, respectively). The 0-mm height of the bar connection transferred the highest stress value (4.277 MPa). The amount of stress transferred by 3-mm heights of the bar connection was greater than that of 1- and 2-mm bar connections and smaller than that of 0-mm bar connection (4.165 kgN). This 3D finite element analysis study suggested that the use of Dolder bar attachment with 1- and 2-mm heights could be associated with appropriate stress distribution for implant-retained overlay dentures.
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Alikhasi, Marzieh, Hakime Siadat, Alireza Nasirpour, and Mahya Hasanzade. "Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Digital Impression versus Conventional Method: Effect of Implant Angulation and Connection Type." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (June 4, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3761750.
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Purpose. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of different implant impression techniques of the maxillary full arch with tilted implants of two connection types. Materials and Methods. Two maxillary edentulous acrylic resin models with two different implant connections (internal or external) served as a reference model. Each model had two anterior straight and two posterior angulated implants. Ninety impressions were made using an intraoral scanner (Trios 3Shape) with scan bodies for digital impression (groups DII and DIE), a custom open tray with additional silicone for the conventional direct group (groups CDI and CDE), and a custom closed tray with additional silicone for the conventional indirect group (groups CII and CIE) from both internal and external models, respectively. A coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure linear and angular displacement for conventional specimens. For digital groups, an optical CMM was used to scan the reference model. STL data sets from the digital specimen were superimposed on STL reference data sets to assess angular and linear deviations. Data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA and t-test at α=0.05. Results. There were significant angular and linear distortion differences among three impression groups (P<0.001), angular distortion differences between internal and external connections (P<0.001), and between straight and tilted implants for either linear (P<0.001) or angular (P=0.002) distortion. The type of the connection and implant angle did not have any effect on linear and angular distortion of the digital technique (p>0.05). Minimum angular and linear distortion was seen for tilted implants in DII and DIE groups (0.36° ± 0.37 and 0.16 ± 0.1 mm). Conclusion. Impression techniques (digital versus conventional) affected the transfer accuracy. Digital techniques demonstrated superior outcome in comparison with conventional methods, and the direct technique was better than the indirect conventional technique. Connection type and implant angulation were other factors that influenced accuracy. However, when digital impression was applied, accuracy was not affected by the type of connection and angulation.
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Nicolas-Silvente, Ana I., Eugenio Velasco-Ortega, Ivan Ortiz-Garcia, Alvaro Jimenez-Guerra, Loreto Monsalve-Guil, Raul Ayuso-Montero, Javier Gil, and Jose Lopez-Lopez. "Influence of Connection Type and Platform Diameter on Titanium Dental Implants Fatigue: Non-Axial Loading Cyclic Test Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 8988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238988.
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Two-pieces dental implants must provide stability of the implant-abutment-interface. The connection type and platform diameter could influence the biomechanical resistance and stress distribution. This study aims to evaluate the fatigue for different types of connections, external and internal, and different platform diameters. Three implant designs with the same length were used: (a) external hexagon/narrow platform; (b) internal double hexagon/narrow platform; (c) internal octagon/regular platform. A fatigue test was developed to establish the number of cycles needed before fracture. A 30º oblique load with a sinusoidal function of fatigue at a frequency of 15 Hz and 10% stress variation was applied to each system. The fatigue load limit (FLL) for design (a) was 190 N, being the nominal-curvature-moment (NCM) = 1.045; FLL = 150 N, with a NCM = 0.825 for (b), and FLL = 325 N, with a NCM = 1.788 for (c). The platform diameter affects the FLL, obtaining lower FLL on a narrow platform. The connection type interferes with the implant walls’ width, especially in narrow implants, making internal connections more unstable at this level. Long-term clinical studies to assess the restoration’s success rate and survival are mandatory.
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Lopes, Patricia A., Adriana F. P. Carreiro, Rubens M. Nascimento, Brendan R. Vahey, Bruno Henriques, and Júlio C. M. Souza. "Physicochemical and microscopic characterization of implant-abutment joints." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 01 (January 2018): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_3_17.
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ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate Morse taper implant-abutment joints by chemical, mechanical, and microscopic analysis.Materials and Methods: Surfaces of 10 Morse taper implants and the correlated abutments were inspected by field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) before connection. The implant-abutment connections were tightened at 32 Ncm. For microgap evaluation by FEG-SEM, the systems were embedded in epoxy resin and cross-sectioned at a perpendicular plane of the implant-abutment joint. Furthermore, nanoindentation tests and chemical analysis were performed at the implant-abutment joints.Statistics: Results were statistically analyzed via one-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of P < 0.05.Results: Defects were noticed on different areas of the abutment surfaces. The minimum and maximum size of microgaps ranged from 0.5 μm up to 5.6 μm. Furthermore, defects were detected throughout the implant-abutment joint that can, ultimately, affect the microgap size after connection. Nanoindentation tests revealed a higher hardness (4.2 ± 0.4 GPa) for abutment composed of Ti6Al4V alloy when compared to implant composed of commercially pure Grade 4 titanium (3.2 ± 0.4 GPa).Conclusions: Surface defects produced during the machining of both implants and abutments can increase the size of microgaps and promote a misfit of implant-abutment joints. In addition, the mismatch in mechanical properties between abutment and implant can promote the wear of surfaces, affecting the size of microgaps and consequently the performance of the joints during mastication.
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Kassem, Riyam, Amar Samara, Ameer Biadsee, Shchada Masarwa, Tarek Mtanis, and Zeev Ormianer. "A Comparative Evaluation of the Strain Transmitted through Prostheses on Implants with Two Different Macro-Structures and Connection during Insertion and Loading Phase: An In Vitro Study." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 4954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144954.
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Background: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the strain levels in the peri-implant bone as generated by the blade-like implant (BLI) and the screw-type implant (STI) with two different internal connections (hexagonal and conical) and with a 1:1 and 2:1 crown/implant (C/I) ratio. Methods: The implants (BLI and STI) were placed into sawbones according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Two strain gauges, horizontal and vertical to the implant axis, were placed around each implant on the bone surface 1 mm from the cervical part. Each implant was loaded by a material testing machine at a force of 100 N. Micro-strains (με) generated in the surrounding bone were measured by a strain gauge and recorded. Results: Recorded micro-strains were not significant in both the insertion and loading phases (p < 0.0625). The average recorded micro-strain values were lower in the horizontal dimension of STI with hexagonal connection when the C/I ratio was 2:1 compared with BLI, 210 με and 443 με, respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, implant design, implant-abutment connection and C/I ratio did not influence strain values in bone and there is no statistically significant effect of these parameters on bone.
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Galindo-Moreno, Pablo, Ada Concha-Jeronimo, Lucia Lopez-Chaichio, Roque Rodriguez-Alvarez, Elena Sanchez-Fernandez, and Miguel Padial-Molina. "Marginal Bone Loss around Implants with Internal Hexagonal and Internal Conical Connections: A 12-Month Randomized Pilot Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 22 (November 20, 2021): 5427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225427.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in terms of the marginal bone level (MBL) around implants with either an internal conical or an internal hexagonal implant–prosthesis connection. A randomized clinical trial included patients in need of a single implant-supported restoration. The implant–prosthesis connection was either internal conical or internal hexagonal while maintaining the same type of implant macro- and microarchitecture. Clinical and radiographical variables were registered up to 12 months of follow-up, including MBL. A total of 30 patients were included in the study. The main outcome variable, MBL 12 months after prosthesis delivery, was statistically different in both groups: −0.25 (0.12) vs. −0.70 (0.43) (conical vs. hexagonal; p = 0.033). Differences were also observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits as well as for the MBL change from prosthesis delivery to the 12-month follow-up (−0.15 (0.13) vs. −0.56 (0.44); conical vs. hexagonal; p = 0.023). Correlations between MBL around the implants and radiographic measurements on the adjacent teeth, buccal bone to implant, tissue thickness or keratinized tissue were not significant neither globally nor when analyzed independently by group. In view of such results, it can be concluded that single-unit restorations with internal hexagonal-connection implants induce higher marginal bone loss after 12 months of follow-up from prosthesis delivery than internal conical-connection implants.
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Goh, Rayner, Andrew Tawse-Smith, Momen Atieh, Warwick Duncan, Sunyoung Ma, and Kai Chun Li. "The effect of implantoplasty on dental implant fracture resistance: a systematic review." IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v3i1.113.
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An increase in dental implant placements in recent years has seen a growth in the reported cases of post-operative complications such as peri-implantitis. One of the available treatment modalities to overcome such complications is implantoplasty. Although this procedure is not new, the long-term effect of implantoplasty has not been addressed extensively. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the change in fracture resistance of dental implants after implantoplasty. Three electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were searched to assess the potential effect of implantoplasty on implant fracture resistance. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers in parallel. The extracted information regarding implant fracture resistance was reported based on the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. A total of 56 studies were identified, of which, nine studies were included. Narrow platform implants (<3.75 mm) were more susceptible to fracture following implantoplasty compared to wider platforms (?5 mm). Implants with internal hexagon connection may have a higher risk of fracture after implantoplasty compared to other connection designs such as external hexagon and conical connections. Other potential factors which may affect implant fracture resistance after implantoplasty include crown to implant ratio, implant material, and the amount of peri-implant bone loss. Within the limitation of in vitro studies, there is no clear evidence to demonstrate the effect of implantoplasty on implant fracture resistance. Methodological differences between the available studies did not allow for clear comparison between them. Furthermore, the limited amount of clinical reports of this resective procedure, in combination with patient and operator variability, affect the clinical assessment of this treatment modality.
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Menini, Maria, Paolo Pesce, Emilio Corvino, Giuliano Iannello, Domenico Baldi, and Luigi Canullo. "Clinical Outcomes of Dental Implants with Two Different Internal Connection Configurations—A RCT." Prosthesis 4, no. 4 (October 12, 2022): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4040046.
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Background: The aim of the present study was to highlight clinical and radiographical differences among implants sharing the same macro-geometry but with two different prosthodontic connections. Methods: Patients requiring at least 2 implants in the posterior area of the jaw were randomly divided into two groups (Conical (CS) and Internal Hexagonal (IH) connection). At implant surgery (T0), insertion torque, implant stability quotient (ISQ values recorded by resonance frequency analysis, RFA), and soft tissue thickness (STH) were assessed. A 1-abutment/1-time protocol was applied, and the prosthesis was realized following a fully digital workflow. At the 36-month follow-up periapical x-rays were taken. In order to statistically analyse differences among the two groups and the different variables, paired T-test was used. Linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze how marginal bone loss (MBL) was affected by other independent variables. A neural network created to predict the success (good or not good) of the implant itself was implemented. Results: 30 out of 33 patients (14 males, 16 females, mean age: 68.94 ± 13.01 years) (32 CS and 32 IH) were analyzed. No implants failed. Marginal bone loss at the 3-year time-point was 0.33 ± 0.34 mm and 0.43 ± 0.37 mm respectively for CS and IH with a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.004). The presence of keratinized gingiva (p = 0.034) significantly influenced MBL. Conclusions: Both the implant connections investigated presented optimal clinical outcomes with minimal marginal bone loss; however, CS implants and implants with the presence of a greater width of keratinized tissue presented significantly lower MBL.
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Scarano, Antonio, Bartolomeo Assenza, Maurizio Piattelli, Giovanna Iezzi, Giulio C. Leghissa, Alessandro Quaranta, Pietro Tortora, and Adriano Piattelli. "A 16–year Study of the Microgap Between 272 Human Titanium Implants and Their Abutments." Journal of Oral Implantology 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/753.1.
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AbstractA microgap has been described at the level of the implant-abutment connection. This microgap can be colonized by bacteria, and this fact could have relevance on the remodeling of the peri-implant crestal bone and on the long-term health of the peri-implant tissues. The authors report on 272 implants with screw- or cement-retained abutments retrieved from humans for different causes during a 16-year period. In the implants with screw-retained abutments, a 60-μm microgap was present at the level of implant-abutment connection. In some areas the titanium had sheared off from the surface and from the internal threads. The contact between the threads of the implant and those of the abutment was limited to a few areas. Bacteria were often present in the microgaps between implant and abutment and in the internal portion of the implants. In implants with cement-retained abutments, a 40-μm microgap was found at the level of the implant-abutment connection. No mechanical damage was observed at the level of the implant or of the abutment. All the internal voids were always completely filled by the cement. No bacteria were observed in the internal portion of the implants or at the level of the microgap. The differences in the size of the microgap between the two groups were statistically significant (P < .05). In conclusion, in screw-retained abutments the microgap can be a critical factor for colonization of bacteria, whereas in cement-retained abutments all the internal spaces were filled by cement. In these retrieved implants, the size of the microgap was markedly variable and much larger than that observed in vitro.
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Wang, L., J. P. Sadler, L. C. Breeding, and D. L. Dixon. "An In Vitro Study of Implant-Tooth-Supported Connections Using a Robot Test System." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2798322.
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Many unsolved problems in dental implant research concern the interfacial stress distributions between the implant components, as well as between the implant surface and contacting bone. To obtain a mechanical understanding of how vertical and horizontal occlusal forces are distributed in this context, it is crucial to develop in vitro testing systems to measure the force transmission between dental implants and attached prostheses. A new approach to such testing, involving a robotic system, is described in this investigation. The system has been designed to produce simulated mandibular movements and occlusal contact forces so that various implant designs and procedures can be thoroughly tested and evaluated before animal testing or human clinical trials. Two commonly used fixed prosthesis designs used to connect an implant and a tooth, a rigid connection and a nonrigid connection, were fabricated and used for experimental verification. The displacement and force distributions generated during simulated chewing activities were measured in vitro. Force levels, potentially harmful to human bone surrounding the connected dental implant and tooth, were analyzed. These results are useful in the design of prostheses and connecting components that will reduce failures and limit stress transfer to the implant/bone interface.
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OLIVEIRA, Marina Reis, Ariane de Souza OLIVEIRA, Vitor Augusto LEITE, Marisa Aparecida Cabrini GABRIELLI, Oriana Elara Barelli PAGANELLI, Rubens SPIN-NETO, and Valfrido Antonio PEREIRA-FILHO. "Immediate loading over lower prosthesis in edentulous mandibles: comparison between two types of prosthetic connection." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 65, no. 4 (December 2017): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-863720170002000043369.
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ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated two implant-abutment connection systems under immediate loading of lower prosthesis in edentulous mandibles. Methods: Seventy-two implants placed in 18 patients were analyzed. The parameters evaluated included probing depth, stability of implants and perimplant bone loss, which were measured immediately when installing the prosthesis and after 3 and 6 months. All data underwent statistical analysis (T-Test and ANOVA, 5% significance level). Results: Implants with Morse cone connections showed smaller, statistically significant probing depth values for all periods (0.68/1.19/1.31), when compared to the external hexagon connections (1.08/1.52/1.64). A statistically significant difference was observed between baseline, 3 months (p<0.01 for Morse cone; p<0.001 for external hexagon) and 6 months (p<0.001 for both connections). When periods were considered there was a statistically significant difference in Implant Stability Quotient ISQ values between baseline and 6 months for both prosthetic connections. Conclusion: Immediate loading of the lower prosthesis is a viable option for the treatment of edentulous mandibles and that the external hexagon or Morse cone connections do not interfere with the success of the implants in a short-term evaluation.
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Bassetti, Renzo, Simone Reischel, Sükran Öztürk, Mario Bassetti, Regina Mericske-Stern, and Norbert Enkling. "Factors Associated with Bone Level Alterations at Implants with Inner-Cone Connection and Platform Switching." Journal of Dental Surgery 2014 (February 23, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/685803.
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Purpose. This retrospective cohort study evaluated factors for peri-implant bone level changes (ΔIBL) associated with an implant type with inner-cone implant-abutment connection, rough neck surface, and platform switching (AT). Materials and Methods. All AT placed at the Department of Prosthodontics of the University of Bern between January 2004 and December 2005 were included in this study. All implants were examined by single radiographs using the parallel technique taken at surgery (T0) and obtained at least 6 months after surgery (T1). Possible influencing factors were analysed first using t-test (normal distribution) or the nonparametric Wilcoxon test (not normal distribution), and then a mixed model q variance analysis was performed. Results. 43 patients were treated with 109 implants. Five implants in 2 patients failed (survival rate: 95.4%). Mean ΔIBL in group 1 (T1: 6–12 months after surgery) was -0.65±0.82 mm and -0.69±0.82 mm in group 2 (T1: >12 months after surgery) (P=0.801). Greater implant insertion depth in diameter 3.5 mm implants might be associated with increased ΔIBL (P<0.05). In the anterior region, the bone alteration was more pronounced (P<0.01). Conclusions. ΔIBL values indicated that the implant system used in this study fulfilled implant success criteria.
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Passariello, Claudio, Dario Di Nardo, and Luca Testarelli. "Inflammatory Periimplant Diseases and the Periodontal Connection Question." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 01 (February 2019): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688525.
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AbstractImplant therapy has become a widespread reality in modern dentistry. Nevertheless, dental implants can fail due to different causes, among which inflammatory peri-implant diseases (IPDs) are a major challenge, with prevalences that are much higher than previously believed.Specific searches were undertaken for each question raised between October and November 2017, in the PubMed website database (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, United States). Only articles written in English and published from 2007 onward were considered initially. The following keywords were used in the searches “periimplantitis (PI),” “periimplant mucositis (PM),” “dental implant failure,” “periimplant microbiota,” “periodontal microbiota,” “implant failure” (no temporal limit), and “foreign body reaction” (no temporal limit). The selection process resulted in the selection of 239 articles that were analyzed in detail in elaborating this review. The reference list was limited to the 47 most relevant articles due to editorial limits of this Journal.Intrinsic differences between natural teeth and dental implants are able to give rise to inflammatory diseases that share only minor and scarcely relevant characters, and would consequently deserve different and specifically designed instruments and strategies, for both diagnosis and therapy.
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On, Sung-Woon, Sang-Min Yi, In-Young Park, Soo-Hwan Byun, and Byoung-Eun Yang. "Fracture and Fatigue of Dental Implants Fixtures and Abutments with a Novel Internal Connection Design: An In Vitro Pilot Study Comparing Three Different Dental Implant Systems." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 4 (November 14, 2022): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040239.
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The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical behaviors of three dental implant fixtures with different abutment connection designs. Three implant systems were studied: the control (BLX implant), test group 1 (TORX++ implant), and test group 2 (IU implant). Three samples from each group were subjected to static compression to fracture tests to determine the maximum fracture load, and twelve samples were exposed to fatigue tests that measured how many cycles the implants could endure before deformation or fracture. Detailed images of the implant–abutment assemblies were obtained using micro-computed tomography imaging, and fractured or deformed areas were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mean maximum breaking loads of 578.45 ± 42.46 N, 793.26 ± 57.43 N, and 862.30 ± 74.25 N were obtained for the BLX, TORX++, and IU implants, respectively. All samples in the three groups withstood 5 × 106 cycles at 50% of the nominal peak value, and different fracture points were observed. All abutment connection designs showed suitable mechanical properties for intraoral use. Microscopic differences in the fracture patterns may be due to the differences in the fixture design or abutment connection, and mechanical complications could be prevented by lowering the overload reaching the implant or preventing peri-implantitis.
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Meloni, Silvio Mario, Luca Melis, Erta Xhanari, Marco Tallarico, Giovanni Spano, Milena Pisano, Edoardo Baldoni, Gabriele Cervino, Antonio Tullio, and Aurea Immacolata Lumbau. "Three-Year Retrospective Comparative Study between Implants with Same Body-Design but Different Crest Module Configurations." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8040135.
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Crest module can be defined as the portion of a two-piece implant designed to retain the prosthetic components and to allows the maintenance of the peri-implant tissues in the transition zone. Aim: To evaluate the three-year after loading clinical and radiographic data, collected from patients that received a prosthetic rehabilitation on conical connection implants with partial machined collar (PMC; CC Group) and same body-designed implants, with flat-to-flat connection and groovy neck design (FC Group). Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of previously collected data, including documents, radiographs, and pictures of patients who received at least one implant-supported restoration on NobelReplace CC PMC or NobelReplace Tapered Groovy implants was performed. Patients with at least three years of follow-up after final loading were considered for this study. Outcomes measures were implant and prosthesis failures, any biological or technical complications, marginal bone loss. Results: Eight-two patients (44 women, 38 men; average age 55.6) with 152 implants were selected and divided in two groups with 77 (CC group) and 75 (FC group), respectively. Three years after final loading, one implant in CC group failed (98.7% survival rate), while no implants failed in FC group (100% survival rate). One restoration failed in CC group (98.7% survival rate) with no restoration failing in the FC one (100% survival rate). Differences were not statistically significant (p = 1.0). Three years after final loading, mean marginal bone loss was 0.22 ± 0.06 mm (95% CI 0.2–0.24) in CC group and 0.62 ± 0.30 mm (95% CI 0.52–0.72) in FC group. The difference was statistically significant (0.40 ± 0.13 mm; 95% CI 0.3–0.5; p = 0.003). Conclusion: with the limitation of this retrospective comparative study, implants with conical connection and partial machined collar seem to achieve a trend of superior outcomes if compared with implants with flat connection and groovy collar design.
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Sidun, Jarosław, and Jan Ryszard Dąbrowski. "Bone Ingrowth Processes on Porous Metalic Implants." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.776.
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The surface of an endosseous implant has fundamental importance in forming mechanical and chemical connection with osseous tissue. One of the methods of enlarging area is using technology of powder metallurgy. The paper presents research regarding osteointegration of porous materials for implants made for Co-Cr-Mo and titanium with Bioglass type-S2. The research was made on the castrated goats averaging one year of age, from this oneself herds. Bone growth process on surfaces of implants made with additional bioglass was significantly intense. The amount of osseous tissue and the number of connection points are significantly increased. On surfaces of titanium implants few areas of stochastic callus formation were observed. In that case areas of preferential bone integration have uneven surface due to technological process. A significant difference appears in osseous tissue growth morphology on implant surface. In porous implants bone grows around the pores of an implant. The obtained results showed that porosity influences callus growth intensity beneficially on the implant structure. Use of bioglass increases bone growth intensity on implant surface.