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Journal articles on the topic 'Implantable defibrillators efficacy'

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Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Spentzou, Georgia, Kaitlin Mayne, Helen Fulton, and Karen McLeod. "Virtual clinics for follow-up of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in children." Cardiology in the Young 29, no. 10 (2019): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119001823.

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AbstractThere is growing interest in the use of digital medicine to reduce the need for traditional outpatient follow-up. Remote interrogation of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators is now possible with most devices. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of virtual pacing clinics in following up children with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators, including epicardial systems.Methods:The study was retrospective over 8 years (2010–2017), with review of patient records and analysis of downloads from the implantable cardiac devices to the virtual clinics.Results:A total of 75 patients were set up for virtual clinic follow-up during the study period, 94.5% with a pacemaker and 5.5% an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The majority (76.8%) had an epicardial system. Data on lead impedance, battery longevity, programmed parameters, detected arrhythmias, percentage pacing and delivered defibrillator therapies were obtainable by download. Lead threshold measurements were obtainable via download in 83.7% of the devices, including epicardial systems. No concerning device issue was missed. In 15% of patients a major issue was detected remotely, including three patients with lead fractures. The virtual clinics resulted in fewer hospital attendances while enhancing monitoring and enabling more frequent device checks. The vast majority (91.4%) of families who responded to a questionnaire were satisfied with the virtual clinic follow-up.Conclusions:Virtual clinics allow safe and effective follow-up of children with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators, including those with epicardial systems and are associated with high levels of parent satisfaction.
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Madjarov, Jeko, Brad Poole, Svetozar Madzharov, John Fedor, Francis Robicsek, and Michael Katz. "An Extrapericardial Minimally Invasive Approach for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator." Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 65, no. 06 (2017): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1601313.

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AbstractThe indications for placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have greatly expanded over the last years. However, standard transvenous approach is not suitable for a subset of patients who cannot benefit from ICD therapy. Here, we have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of extrapericardial ICD placement through a minimally invasive access in intact hearts as well as in postmyocardial infarction large animal models. Based on our data, we conclude that extrapericardial ICD placement is a feasible approach that may be a valuable alternative or adjunct to current defibrillator lead systems.
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3

Yuldashev, S.J., Imran Aslam, and R.R. Arslonova. "Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Sudden Death and Implantable Defibrillators." RA JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 08, no. 01 (2022): 47–49. https://doi.org/10.47191/rajar/v8i1.09.

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ABSTRACT: Implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) are greatly efficient in eliminating arrhythmias in patients withhigh-risk hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, showing that this equipment has a contribution in the prevention and treatment of unexpected death. When patients have risk marker, unexpected death in one or more first-degree relations with maximal left ventricle wall thickness 30 mm of current and unexplained syncopal episode, ICD installation is considered appropriate. If one has a dangerously fast heartbeat that prevents heart from pumping enough blood to the rest of body ventricular fibrillationor ventricular tachycardia, or if the patient is at high risk of suffering such a heart rhythm problem (arrhythmia), usually due to a weak heart muscle, the patient can survive using ICD.
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4

Patel, Priyankkumar, and Jagbir Singh. "Evolution of the Cardiac Pace Maker and the Implants of Heart- A Narrative Review." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 8, no. 4 (2024): 8–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v8i4.2809.

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This review article aims to comprehensively elucidate the historical evolution, advancements, efficacy, and safety of traditional and newer pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), in the management of cardiac complications.
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5

Bockeria, L. A., N. M. Neminushchiy, S. I. Mikhaylichenko, S. A. Novichkov, and E. E. Achkasov. "Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the prevention of sudden cardiac death." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 89, no. 12 (2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/terarkh20178912103-109.

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The article highlights the role of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. It considers the results of multicenter studies comparing the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs and implantable devices in the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death, including that in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and discusses quality of life in patients with ICDs.
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6

Graham, Adam J., Michele Orini, and Pier D. Lambiase. "Limitations and Challenges in Mapping Ventricular Tachycardia: New Technologies and Future Directions." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 6, no. 3 (2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/aer.2017.20.1.

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Recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease are associated with increased mortality and morbidity, despite the life-saving benefits of implantable cardiac defibrillators. Reducing implantable cardiac defibrillator therapies is important, as recurrent shocks can cause increased myocardial damage and stunning, despite the conversion of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. Catheter ablation has emerged as a potential therapeutic option either for primary or secondary prevention of these arrhythmias, particularly in post-myocardial infarction cases where the substrate is well defined. However, the outcomes of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in structural heart disease remain unsatisfactory in comparison with other electrophysiological procedures. The disappointing efficacy of ventricular tachycardia ablation in structural heart disease is multifactorial. In this review, we discuss the issues surrounding this and examine the limitations of current mapping approaches, as well as newer technologies that might help address them.
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7

Guarracini, Fabrizio, Alberto Preda, Eleonora Bonvicini, et al. "Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Contemporary Overview." Life 13, no. 8 (2023): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13081652.

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The difference between subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICDs) and transvenous ICDs (TV-ICDs) concerns a whole extra thoracic implantation, including a defibrillator coil and pulse generator, without endovascular components. The improved safety profile has allowed the S-ICD to be rapidly taken up, especially among younger patients. Reports of its role in different cardiac diseases at high risk of SCD such as hypertrophic and arrhythmic cardiomyopathies, as well as channelopathies, is increasing. S-ICDs show comparable efficacy, reliability, and safety outcomes compared to TV-ICD. However, some technical issues (i.e., the inability to perform anti-bradycardia pacing) strongly limit the employment of S-ICDs. Therefore, it still remains only an alternative to the traditional ICD thus far. This review aims to provide a contemporary overview of the role of S-ICDs compared to TV-ICDs in clinical practice, including technical aspects regarding device manufacture and implantation techniques. Newer outlooks and future perspectives of S-ICDs are also brought up to date.
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8

Bennett, Matthew T., and Stanley K. K. Tung. "Long-Term Efficacy of Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillators." Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants 20, no. 3 (2010): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.v20.i3.30.

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9

Tsai, Vivian W., Joshua Cooper, Hasan Garan, et al. "The Efficacy of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Heart Transplant Recipients." Circulation: Heart Failure 2, no. 3 (2009): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.108.814525.

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10

Koyak, Zeliha, Joris R. De Groot, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, et al. "EFFICACY OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS IN ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57, no. 14 (2011): E407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(11)60407-5.

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11

Hayashi, Hiroshi, Wataru Shimizu, Yuki Iwasaki, et al. "Efficacy of antitachycardia pacing for electrical storms in patients with implantable defibrillators." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 32, no. 3 (2021): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.14891.

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12

Barbosa, Marco Paulo Tomaz, Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha, Alexandre Barbosa de Oliveira, Federico Lombardi, and Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro. "Efficacy and safety of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with Chagas disease." EP Europace 15, no. 7 (2013): 957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/eut011.

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13

Miyake, Christina Y., Gregory Webster, Richard J. Czosek, et al. "Efficacy of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Young Patients With Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia." Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology 6, no. 3 (2013): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circep.113.000170.

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14

Hawkins, Nathaniel M., Joanna Osmanska, and Mark C. Petrie. "Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators and survival – the fine line between efficacy concerns and ageism." European Journal of Heart Failure 22, no. 5 (2020): 868–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1803.

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15

Beggs, Simon A. S., Pardeep S. Jhund, Colette E. Jackson, John J. V. McMurray, and Roy S. Gardner. "Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, sudden death and implantable defibrillators: a review and meta-analysis." Heart 104, no. 2 (2017): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310850.

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ObjectiveThe recent Danish Study to Assess the Efficacy of ICDs in Patients with Non-ischemic Systolic Heart Failure on Mortality (DANISH) trial suggested that implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) do not reduce overall mortality in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), despite reducing sudden cardiac death. We performed an updated meta-analysis to examine the impact of ICD therapy on mortality in NICM patients.MethodsA systematic search for studies that examined the effect of ICDs on outcomes in NICM was performed. Our analysis compared patients randomised to an ICD with those randomised to no ICD, and examined the endpoint of overall mortality.ResultsSix primary prevention trials and two secondary prevention trials were identified that met the pre-specified search criteria. Using a fixed-effects model, analysis of primary prevention trials revealed a reduction in overall mortality with ICD therapy (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.91).ConclusionsAlthough our updated meta-analysis demonstrates a survival benefit of ICD therapy, the effect is substantively weakened by the inclusion of the DANISH trial—which is both the largest and most recent of the analysed trials—indicating that the residual pooled benefit of ICDs may reflect the risk of sudden death in older trials which included patients treated sub-optimally by contemporary standards. As such, these data must be interpreted cautiously. The results of the DANISH trial emphasise that there is no ‘one size fits all’ indication for primary prevention ICDs in NICM patients, and clinicians must consider age and comorbidity on an individual basis when determining whether a defibrillator is appropriate.
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16

Turnage, Thomas A., John A. Kpaeyeh Jr, and Michael R. Gold. "The Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: New Insights and Expanding Populations." US Cardiology Review 12, no. 1 (2018): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/usc.2017:37:1.

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Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have become a mainstay of treatment in patients at risk for sudden cardiac death. The majority of contemporary ICDs are implanted transvenously; however, this approach carries acute procedural and long-term risks. The subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) was developed, in part, to circumvent some of these adverse events or as an alternative option in patients unable to undergo transvenous implantation. Early promising trials evaluating the S-ICD were small and focused on niche populations. More recently, larger trials included broader populations with worse heart failure and co-morbidities that may be more representative of typical ICD recipients. These studies have consistently demonstrated positive results. This review describes the S-ICD system, implantation, and the safety and efficacy of the device.
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17

Meyer, Christian, Martin Martinek, and Helmut Pürerfellner. "Implantable Cardiac Monitors for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation – How Far Have We Come?" European Cardiology Review 7, no. 1 (2011): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2011.7.1.34.

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Symptoms are insensitive and non-specific for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Extensive Holter monitor recordings are essential to correctly diagnose AF and, subsequently, to inform therapeutic decisions for its management. Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators that detect atrial arrhythmias are a valuable resource for the investigation and quantification of AF. The application of these monitoring systems, however, is limited to a relatively small number of patients. Additional monitoring technologies are therefore necessary to detect the large number of asymptomatic AF episodes, as well as their resulting morbidities (including stroke and heart failure) and mortality. New, non-invasive systems could allow outsourcing of long-term Holter monitoring from the hospital, with attendant improvements in the extent of Holter monitoring and the quality of recording results. Subcutaneous implantable systems, with automated detection algorithms for atrial arrhythmias, represent a new opportunity for long-term rhythm monitoring. In summary, improving implantable cardiac monitors for AF detection could allow us not only to objectively evaluate the efficacy of different therapies but also to refine the future therapeutic management of AF.
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18

Knops, Reinoud E., Willeke van der Stuijt, Peter Paul H. M. Delnoy, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Appropriate Shocks and Antitachycardia Pacing in Transvenous and Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillators: Analysis of All Appropriate Therapy in the PRAETORIAN Trial." Circulation 145, no. 5 (2022): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.121.057816.

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Background: The PRAETORIAN trial (A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Subcutaneous and Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy) showed noninferiority of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) compared with transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (TV-ICD) with regard to inappropriate shocks and complications. In contrast to TV-ICD, S-ICD cannot provide antitachycardia pacing for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. This prespecified secondary analysis evaluates appropriate therapy and whether antitachycardia pacing reduces the number of appropriate shocks. Methods: The PRAETORIAN trial was an international, investigator-initiated randomized trial that included patients with an indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Patients with previous ventricular tachycardia <170 bpm or refractory recurrent monomorphic ventricular tachycardia were excluded. In 39 centers, 849 patients were randomized to receive an S-ICD (n=426) or TV-ICD (n=423) and were followed for a median of 49.1 months. ICD programming was mandated by protocol. Appropriate ICD therapy was defined as therapy for ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmias were classified as discrete episodes and storm episodes (≥3 episodes within 24 hours). Analyses were performed in the modified intention-to-treat population. Results: In the S-ICD group, 86 of 426 patients received appropriate therapy, versus 78 of 423 patients in the TV-ICD group, during a median follow-up of 52 months (48-month Kaplan-Meier estimates 19.4% and 17.5%; P =0.45). In the S-ICD group, 83 patients received at least 1 shock, versus 57 patients in the TV-ICD group (48-month Kaplan-Meier estimates 19.2% and 11.5%; P =0.02). Patients in the S-ICD group had a total of 254 shocks, compared with 228 shocks in the TV-ICD group ( P =0.68). First shock efficacy was 93.8% in the S-ICD group and 91.6% in the TV-ICD group ( P =0.40). The first antitachycardia pacing attempt successfully terminated 46% of all monomorphic ventricular tachycardias, but accelerated the arrhythmia in 9.4%. Ten patients with S-ICD experienced 13 electrical storms, versus 18 patients with TV-ICD with 19 electrical storms. Patients with appropriate therapy had an almost 2-fold increased relative risk of electrical storms in the TV-ICD group compared with the S-ICD group ( P =0.05). Conclusions: In this trial, no difference was observed in shock efficacy of S-ICD compared with TV-ICD. Although patients in the S-ICD group were more likely to receive an ICD shock, the total number of appropriate shocks was not different between the 2 groups. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01296022.
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Carroll, Sandra L., Michael McGillion, and Heather M. Arthur. "Living With an Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator: A Model of Chronic Uncertainty." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 28, no. 1 (2014): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.28.1.71.

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Over the last two decades, the number of patients receiving implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) for the prevention of sudden cardiac death has grown significantly. This growth is largely the result of broadened indication for ICD use because of the success of trials demonstrating efficacy. Early ICD indication centered on secondary prevention, which then advanced to primary prevention in high-risk patients. Nurses delivering care to these patients not only manage this complex technology but also patients’ uncertainty about their survival and related psychosocial adjustment to receiving an ICD. To inform practice, theoretical models such as Mishel’s (1988) uncertainty in illness model provide insight into such acute phases of illness. This article proposes expansion of the uncertainty in illness model to advance knowledge in this field for nurses caring for patients with ICD.
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20

Noro, Mahito, Xin Zhu, Yoshinari Enomoto, et al. "Efficacy and Myocardial Injury With Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators – Computer Simulation of Defibrillation Shock Conduction –." Circulation Journal 80, no. 1 (2016): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.cj-15-0883.

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21

Jiménez-Candil, Javier, Angel Arenal, Arcadio García-Alberola, et al. "Fast ventricular tachycardias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Efficacy and safety of antitachycardia pacing." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 45, no. 3 (2005): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.11.008.

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22

Elkaryoni, Ahmed, Firas Al Badarin, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, et al. "Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and survival in advanced heart failure patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis." EP Europace 21, no. 9 (2019): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz125.

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Abstract Aims Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) implantation in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction improves survival by reducing mortality secondary to arrhythmic events. Whether advanced HF patients treated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) derive similar benefit is controversial. Methods and results We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and Scopus from inception through November 2018 for studies examining the association between ICD implantation and all-cause mortality in patients with advanced HF and CF-LVADs. Analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity and publication bias were formally assessed, using I2 and funnel plots, respectively. Eight observational studies with a total of 6416 patients (ICD group = 3450, no ICD group = 2966) met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients (84.6%) came from the two largest observational studies. There was no difference in mortality in the ICD and no ICD groups (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73–1.27, P = 0.79, I2 = 42%), and ICD implantation post-CF-LVAD was not associated with an improvement in mortality (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.48–1.57, P = 0.64, I2 = 0%). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the likelihood of transplantation (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.93–1.30, P = 0.28, I2 = 26%) or non-mortality adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use was not associated with improved survival in advanced HF patients with CF-LVADs. These findings underscore the need to formally study the efficacy of ICDs in this population in a dedicated randomized controlled study.
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Li, Xiaoyao, Keping Chen, Wei Hua, et al. "Association of the Obesity Paradox With Objective Physical Activity in Patients at High Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 12 (2020): e4801-e4810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa659.

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Abstract Objective To investigate the obesity paradox and its interrelationship with objective physical activity (PA) in patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death. Methods A total of 782 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators in the Study of Home Monitoring System Safety and Efficacy in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device-Implantable Patients registry were retrospectively analyzed and grouped by body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) and overweight or class I obesity (25 ≤ BMI < 35). PA was measured with home monitoring and categorized into 4 groups (Q1-Q4) by the baseline quartiles. The main endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results During a mean follow-up period of 59.9 ± 21.9 months, 182 all-cause mortality events occurred. Mortality tended to be lower in overweight and obesity patients (18.9% vs 25.1%, P = 0.061) and decreased by PA quartiles (44.1% vs 22.6% vs 15.3% vs 11.2%, Q1-Q4, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated BMI (hazard ratio, 0.918; 95% confidence interval, 0.866-0.974; P = 0.004) and PA (0.436, 0.301-0.631, Q2 vs Q1; 0.280, 0.181-0.431, Q3 vs Q1; 0.257, 0.158-0.419, Q4 vs Q1; P < 0.001 for all) were associated with reduced risk. The obesity paradox was significant in the total cohort (log rank P = 0.049) and low PA group (log rank P = 0.010), but disappeared in the high PA group (log rank P = 0.692). Dose-response curves showed a significant reduction in risk with low-moderate PA, and the pattern varied between different BMI groups. Conclusions The obesity paradox only persisted in physically inactive patients. PA might be related to the development of the obesity paradox.
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Al-Ghamdi, Bandar. "Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: An Overview of Implantation Techniques and Clinical Outcomes." Current Cardiology Reviews 15, no. 1 (2018): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403x14666180716164740.

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Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is a significant health problem worldwide. Multiple randomized controlled trials have shown that Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) are effective life-saving management option for individuals at risk of SCD in both primary and secondary prevention. Although the conventional transvenous ICDs (TV-ICDs) are safe and effective, there are potential complications associated with its use, including localized pocket or wound infection or systematic infection, a vascular access related complication such as pneumothorax, and venous thrombosis, and lead related complications such as dislodgement, malfunction, and perforation. Furthermore, transvenous leads placement may not be feasible in certain patients like those with venous anomaly or occlusion, or with the presence of intracardiac shunts. Transvenous leads extraction, when needed, is associated with considerable morbidity & mortality and requires significant skills and costs. Totally subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) is designed to afford the same life-saving benefit of the conventional TV-ICDs while avoiding the shortcomings of the TV-leads and to simplify the implant techniques and hence expand the use of ICDs in clinical practice. It becomes commercially available after receiving CE mark in 2009, and its use increased significantly after its FDA approval in 2012. This review aims to give an overview of the S-ICD system components, implantation procedure, clinical indications, safety, efficacy, and future directions.
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Bänsch, Dietmar. "Defibrillation Testing During Defibrillator Implantation." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 1 (2012): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/aer.2012.1.51.

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Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) terminate ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) with high efficacy. ICDs improve mortality in patients after survived sudden cardiac death (SCD) and in patients at high risk of dying suddenly. All trials which show a benefit of ICD therapy, have performed some kind of defibrillation testing in order to prove correct system function, sensing of VF and effective defibrillation. Current devices show a shock efficacy of 80–90 % for singular shocks and devices provide up to seven rescue shocks. The probability that a device does not terminate an episode of VT or VF should therefore be very low. However, it is difficult to abandon defibrillation testing because prospective data is lacking that demonstrate non-inferiority, if ICDs are implanted without some kind of test. Two prospective trials are on the way and will be finish by 2013/14: the SIMPLE and NORDIC trial, which will answer the question if defibrillation testing can be abandoned without any effect on the benefit of ICD therapy or if testing may even be harmful.
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Farhangee, Arsalan, Mark J. Davies, Mihai Mesina, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Response to Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Upgrades in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators and Pacemakers." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 10 (2024): 2755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102755.

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Introduction: The efficacy of de novo cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) in patients with heart failure (HF), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), and a broad QRS morphology is well established. However, the optimal stage for upgrading patients with existing pacemakers (PPMs) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and HF with high-burden right ventricular (RV) pacing remains uncertain. Thus, this multicentre retrospective analysis compared patients with pre-existing PPMs or ICDs who underwent CRT upgrades to investigate the appropriate stage for CRT implantation in these patients and to assess the validity of treating both PPM and ICD recipients under the same recommendation level in the current guidelines. Materials and Methods: A total of 151 participants underwent analysis in this study, comprising 93 upgrades to cardiac resynchronisation therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P) and 58 upgrades to cardiac resynchronisation therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) across three centres in the UK. The aim of the study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of upgrading to CRT from an existing conventional pacemaker or an ICD in the context of high-burden RV pacing. The analysis was conducted separately for each group, assessing changes in echocardiographic parameters, functional New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and procedure-related complications. Results: The PPM group had a higher percentage RVP burden compared to the ICD group. Post-upgrade, NYHA functional class and EF and LV volumes improved in both groups; however, the response to an upgrade from a pacemaker was greater compared to an upgrade from an ICD. Post-procedural complication risks were similar across the two subgroups but significantly higher compared to de novo implantation. Conclusions: Within the CRT-P subgroup, participants exhibited better responses than their CRT-D counterparts, evident both in echocardiographic improvements and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) were better responders than those with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. These findings suggest that international guidelines should consider approaching each subgroup separately in the future.
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Lawless, Christine E., Rachel Lampert, Brian Olshansky, David Cannom, and Chantal DeJean. "Safety and Efficacy of Implantable Defibrillators (ICDs) and Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) in Athletes: Results of a Nationwide Survey Among AMSSM Members." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 15, no. 5 (2005): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jsm.0000186694.97414.f9.

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Isaksen, Kjetil, Ingvild Margreta Morken, Peter Scott Munk, and Alf Inge Larsen. "Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a review of current literature focusing on safety, effects of exercise training, and the psychological impact of programme participation." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 19, no. 4 (2011): 804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741826711414624.

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Background: Indications for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have been widened considerably during the last decade due to the well-documented effect in the heart failure population. Exercise training (ET) has a 1 A recommendation in heart failure. However, data on safety and efficacy of ET in patients with ICDs is sparse. ICD shocks are associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Whether ET may have a beneficial effect in heart failure patients with an ICD is not well documented. Methods: This review is based on a systematic search in the Pub Med database using the terms ‘exercise training’, ‘implantable cardioverter defibrillator’, and ‘cardiac rehabilitation’. Results: Nine studies were identified, comprising 1889 patients. The average duration of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) was 9.6 weeks. Ten ICD therapies (seven shocks) were reported in the 834 patients with ICD during ET. Between exercise sessions and during follow up 182 events were recorded including 166 shocks. Three studies (2 randomized) showed that the control group representing sedentary patients were more prone to ICD discharge than patients undergoing CR/ET. In all studies the ICD patients improved their aerobic fitness following ET. Few studies report data on the effect of ET on anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Based on the current literature, ET in patients with an ICD seems to be safe and is not associated with increased risk of shocks. ET improves aerobic capacity in ICD patients, while effects on anxiety, depression and quality of life are still under debate.
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Afolabi, Bosede A., and Fred M. Kusumoto. "Remote Monitoring of Patients with Implanted Cardiac Devices – A Review." European Cardiology Review 8, no. 2 (2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2012.8.2.88.

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There has been a rapid growth in the number of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), due to the consistent good results from large randomised trials and changing worldwide demographics with progressive ageing in all developed countries. Early generations of CIEDs provided only basic operations and stored only rudimentary data, but the evolution of all types of CIEDs (pacemakers, defibrillators, cardiac resynchronisation devices, implantable monitors) has led to their increased complexity and the development of a myriad of specialised features. As an outgrowth of this increased sophistication, once implanted, CIEDs can provide significant amounts of important clinical information, allowing to identify the presence of significant arrhythmias, assess drug efficacy, evaluate heart failure status and continuously monitor device function. With the advent of new methods of remote monitoring, the information recorded by these devices can be accessible in real time and thus lead to more timely clinical decision-making. This article summarises the impact of remote monitoring on clinical practice today and how the use of remote monitoring may evolve to affect the practice of medicine in the future.
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Shahreyar, Muhammad, Vijayadershan Mupiddi, Indrajit Choudhuri, Jasbir Sra, Abdul Jamil Tajik, and Arshad Jahangir. "Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in diabetics: efficacy and safety in patients at risk of sudden cardiac death." Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 13, no. 8 (2015): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2015.1059276.

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Maron, Barry J., Win-Kuang Shen, Mark S. Link, et al. "Efficacy of Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillators for the Prevention of Sudden Death in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy." New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 6 (2000): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200002103420601.

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WEBER, MAX, DIRK BÖCKER, DIETMAR BÁNSCH, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of the Initial Use of Stability and Onset Criteria in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 10, no. 2 (1999): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00655.x.

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&NA;. "Efficacy of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for the Prevention of Sudden Death in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy." Survey of Anesthesiology 45, no. 1 (2001): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132586-200102000-00037.

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34

Gold, Michael R., Hue-Teh Shih, John Herre, David Breiter, Yunlong Zhang, and Mark Schwartz. "Comparison of Defibrillation Efficacy and Survival Associated With Right Versus Left Pectoral Placement for Implantable Defibrillators." American Journal of Cardiology 100, no. 2 (2007): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.02.087.

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Kron, Jordana, William Sauer, Joseph Schuller, et al. "Efficacy and safety of implantable cardiac defibrillators for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis." EP Europace 15, no. 3 (2012): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus316.

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Ayan, Mohamed, Fuad Habash, Bilal Alqam, et al. "A comparison of anti-arrhythmic efficacy of carvedilol vs metoprolol succinate in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators." Clinical Cardiology 42, no. 2 (2019): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.23144.

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37

Chen, Pei-Yun, Ching-Yi Chou, Miao-Hsin Lien, Shu-Wen Chen, Shu-Hua Lu, and Chyi Lo. "Psychological factors associated with exercise self-efficacy in the recipients of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0305606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305606.

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Background Insufficient exercise affects the health of patients who have implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between exercise self-efficacy (ESE) and its associated psychological factors in ICD recipients. Methods This cross-sectional study included individuals who had undergone ICD implantation at the cardiology department of a medical centre in Taiwan. A face-to-face survey was conducted. The survey questionnaire included questions regarding the participants’ demographics, perceived health (PH), ICD shock–related anxiety (ICD-SRA), self-care self-efficacy (SSE), perceived exercise benefit (PE-benefit), perceived exercise barrier (PE-barrier), and ESE. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 Software. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were also performed to evaluate the predictive effects of the aforementioned factors on ESE. Results A total of 52 ICD recipients were enrolled. ESE was negatively correlated with ICD-SRA (r = −0.511; p < 0.01) and PE-barrier (r = −0.563; p < 0.01), but positively correlated with SSE (r = 0.339; p < 0.05) and PE-benefit (r = 0.464; p < 0.01). The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that PE-barrier, PE-benefit, and ICD-SRA effectively predicted ESE in the participants. Conclusions ESE may be improved by overcoming PE-barrier, ICD-SRA and enhancing PE-benefit. Consequently, improving ESE may enhance the health benefits of exercise.
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Kazberuk, Małgorzata, Piotr Pogorzelski, Łukasz Kuźma, et al. "Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator as a Treatment in Patients with Heart Failure of Various Aetiologies—A Series of Ten Cases Within the BIA-VEST Registry." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 24 (2024): 7686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247686.

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Background/Objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major global health concern and represents one of the most common causes of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. The wearable cardioverter–defibrillator (WCD) is an innovative, non-invasive medical device designed to provide continuous heart monitoring and immediate defibrillation in patients at risk for SCD. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of WCD usage in patients awaiting decision on therapy with implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs). Methods: We explored the clinical applications, benefits, and limitations of WCD usage within the BIA-VEST registry in Poland over the years 2021–2023. The study included 10 patients with a mean age of 49.1 ± 12.02 years. Results: All patients demonstrated good tolerance and compliance with the LifeVest WCD, wearing it for an average of 93.1 days, about 22.8 h per day (95.7% of the time). No interventions from LifeVests were recorded, and there were no effective, ineffective, or inadequate discharges. After the first follow-up echocardiography, five patients still required ICDs. Due to improved LVEF and overall condition in six out of ten patients undergoing WCD bridge therapy, ICD implantation was finally waived. Conclusions: The WCD acts as a bridge to therapy, such as ICD implantation or cardiac surgery, and may be particularly beneficial for patients with transient or evolving conditions, such as structural heart diseases and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
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Bhandari, Anil K., Nidal Isber, Manuel Estioko, et al. "Efficacy of low-energy t wave shocks for induction of ventricular fibrillation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators." Journal of Electrocardiology 31, no. 1 (1998): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0736(98)90004-8.

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Cheitlin, M. D. "A history of heart failure predicts arrhythmia treatment efficacy: Data from the Antiarrythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Study." Yearbook of Cardiology 2007 (January 2007): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-4145(08)70225-9.

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Große-Meininghaus, Dirk, J. Siebels, Ch Wolpert, et al. "Efficacy of antitachycardia pacing confirmed by stored electrograms A retrospective analysis of 613 stored electrograms in implantable defibrillators." Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 91, no. 5 (2002): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-002-0780-8.

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Brodsky, Michael A., John McAnulty, Douglas P. Zipes, Christina Baessler, and Alfred P. Hallstrom. "A history of heart failure predicts arrhythmia treatment efficacy: Data from the Antiarrythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Study." American Heart Journal 152, no. 4 (2006): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2006.04.021.

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43

Watanabe, Tetsuya, Koichi Inoue, Kazunori Kashiwase, et al. "Differences in amiodarone efficacy in relation to ejection fraction and basal rhythm in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators." Journal of Electrocardiology 51, no. 6 (2018): 1111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.10.083.

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44

López-Rubio, Marina, Marta-Olimpia Lago-Rodríguez, Lucía Ordieres-Ortega, et al. "A Comprehensive Review of Catheter-Related Thrombosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 24 (2024): 7818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247818.

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Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is a frequent and potentially serious complication associated with the widespread use of intravascular devices such as central venous catheters, including peripherally inserted central catheters and implantable port systems, pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Although CRT management has been informed by guidelines extrapolated from lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), unique challenges remain due to the distinct anatomical, pathophysiological, and clinical characteristics of upper extremity DVT. Risk factors for CRT are multifactorial, encompassing patient-related characteristics such as cancer, prior venous thromboembolism, and infection, as well as catheter-specific factors like device type, lumens, and insertion site. The diagnosis of CRT relies primarily on ultrasonography; however, computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging play a complementary role, particularly in anatomically challenging cases or when complications such as pulmonary embolism or superior vena cava syndrome are suspected. Treatment strategies for CRT include anticoagulation, catheter removal when feasible, and, in select cases, local thrombolysis or catheter-directed interventions. Anticoagulation remains the cornerstone of therapy, with direct oral anticoagulants increasingly favored due to their safety profile and efficacy. This article provides a detailed review of CRT, focusing on clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies while addressing specific challenges in managing pacemaker and hemodialysis catheter-related thrombosis.
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Milaras, Nikias, Evangelos Oikonomou, Konstantinos P. Letsas, et al. "Real-World Efficacy and Safety of the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: Insights from the GASP Registry." Biomedicines 13, no. 7 (2025): 1510. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071510.

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Background: The advent of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICDs) marked a significant milestone in the course of cardiac rhythm devices, particularly for patients who are deemed at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This extracardiac approach makes the S-ICD an especially valuable option for young patients, those with difficult venous access, or those at high risk of infection. Although the S-ICD does not provide pacing for bradycardia or heart failure, it has shown efficacy in treating ventricular arrhythmias while minimizing complications associated with transvenous systems. Methods: The purpose of this multicenter retrospective analysis was to assess the real-world efficacy and safety of the S-ICD in a heterogeneous population. Results: The GASP registry consisted of 114 patients, 68% male, aged 41 ± 15 years, with a mean LVEF of 50%. In the follow-up of 35 months, inappropriate shocks occurred in 7% while appropriate shocks occurred in 6.2%. The most common reasons for inappropriate shocks were myopotentials and atrial tachyarrhythmias. Thirty-day complication-free rates were 97.3%, with the majority of patients requiring device extraction due to infection. Over the longer term, four patients required re-intervention due to local discomfort, while one device was extracted for infection. In a multivariate analysis, complications were not significantly higher in the sicker population, such as those with diabetes, kidney disease requiring dialysis, or heart failure. Conclusions: These findings support the growing role of the S-ICD as an alternative to the TV-ICD, especially in patients without pacing indications.
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Komal, Bisht*1 Vijay Singh2 Sushmita Bala3. "Implants for cardiovascular diseases." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1, no. 12 (2023): 650–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10428745.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating continuous advancements in medical interventions. Implantable devices have emerged as promising solutions for managing various aspects of cardiovascular pathologies. This comprehensive review explores the current landscape of innovative implants in the realm of cardiovascular diseases.The review begins by examining the pivotal role of implantable devices in addressing cardiac conditions, ranging from heart failure to arrhythmias. Focus is placed on cardiac rhythm management devices, including pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, highlighting their evolving technologies and clinical applications. Furthermore, the review delves into advancements in the field of cardiovascular stents, discussing novel materials and designs aimed at optimizing vascular patency while minimizing complications. The integration of drug-eluting technologies and bioresorbable materials into stent development is explored, with emphasis on their impact on patient outcomes. The discussion extends to ventricular assist devices (VADs) and total artificial hearts, elucidating their role in providing temporary or long-term mechanical circulatory support. A critical evaluation of challenges and future prospects in enhancing the biocompatibility and durability of these devices is presented. In addition, the review encompasses the burgeoning field of bioelectronic implants, elucidating how neuromodulation devices and bioelectronic medicine are revolutionizing the management of hypertension and heart failure. The integration of smart sensors and closed-loop systems for real-time monitoring and adaptive interventions is discussed in the context of personalized cardiovascular care. Ultimately, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse landscape of cardiovascular implants, offering insights into their evolving technologies, clinical efficacy, and potential avenues for future research and development. The continuous innovation in implantable devices holds great promise for improving the prognosis and quality of life for individuals affected by cardiovascular diseases
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Wieniawski, Piotr, Michał Buczyński, Marcin Grabowski, Joachim Winter, and Bożena Werner. "Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Pediatric Single-Center Experience." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (2022): 11661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811661.

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Background: The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) was developed as an alternative to the transvenous ICD, to prevent lead-related complications associated with the latter. The absence of intravascular or intracardiac components offers potential advantages to pediatric patients. Aims: The aim of the study is to present an overview of our experience with S-ICDs in the pediatric center that, currently, has performed the largest number of implantations in children in Poland. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from medical history, qualification, implantation procedure, and S-ICD post-implantation observations in 11 pediatric patients were performed. Results: S-ICDs were implanted in 11 patients, 8 boys and 3 girls, aged 12–17 years. The S-ICD was implanted for primary prevention in seven patients: four with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), two with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and one with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). It was implanted for secondary prevention in four patients: two with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in the course of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF), one with long QT syndrome (LQTS) after probable SCA, and one with Brugada syndrome after SCA. In all patients, the device was implanted intramuscularly. One patient did not have a defibrillation test performed due to the presence of an intracardiac thrombus. In one patient, during screening, it was decided to implant an electrode on the right side of the sternum. There were no early or late complications with any of the procedures. So far, no inadequate discharges have been observed. Conclusions: Our results prove the efficacy of the S-ICD treatment option along with technically simple surgery, which supports its further and more widespread application in children.
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Payne, Taylor, Jennifer Waller, Mufaddal Kheda, et al. "Efficacy of Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillators for Secondary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease." Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management 11, no. 8 (2020): 4199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.19102/icrm.2020.110803.

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Guedon-Moreau, L., D. Lacroix, N. Sadoul, et al. "A randomized study of remote follow-up of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: safety and efficacy report of the ECOST trial." European Heart Journal 34, no. 8 (2012): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs425.

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PETERS, ROBERT W., XIAOZHENG ZHANG, and MICHAEL R. GOLD. "Clinical Predictors and Efficacy of Antitachycardia Pacing in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: The Importance of the Patient's Sex." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 24, no. 1 (2001): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00070.x.

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