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Walden, Brian E., Rauna K. Surr, Mary T. Cord, Ken W. Grant, Van Summers, and Andrew B. Dittberner. "The Robustness of Hearing Aid Microphone Preferences in Everyday Listening Environments." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 18, no. 05 (May 2007): 358–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18.5.2.
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Automatic directionality algorithms currently implemented in hearing aids assume that hearing-impaired persons with similar hearing losses will prefer the same microphone processing mode in a specific everyday listening environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the robustness of microphone preferences in everyday listening. Two hearing-impaired persons made microphone preference judgments (omnidirectional preferred, directional preferred, no preference) in a variety of everyday listening situations. Simultaneously, these acoustic environments were recorded through the omnidirectional and directional microphone processing modes. The acoustic recordings were later presented in a laboratory setting for microphone preferences to the original two listeners and other listeners who differed in hearing ability and experience with directional microphone processing. The original two listeners were able to replicate their live microphone preferences in the laboratory with a high degree of accuracy. This suggests that the basis of the original live microphone preferences were largely represented in the acoustic recordings. Other hearing-impaired and normal-hearing participants who listened to the environmental recordings also accurately replicated the original live omnidirectional preferences; however, directional preferences were not as robust across the listeners. When the laboratory rating did not replicate the live directional microphone preference, listeners almost always expressed no preference for either microphone mode. Hence, a preference for omnidirectional processing was rarely expressed by any of the participants to recorded sites where directional processing had been preferred as a live judgment and vice versa. These results are interpreted to provide little basis for customizing automatic directionality algorithms for individual patients. The implications of these findings for hearing aid design are discussed. Los algoritmos automáticos de direccionalidad actualmente implementados en auxiliares auditivos asumen que las personas hipoacúsicas con pérdidas similares preferirán el mismo modo de procesamiento del micrófono en los ambientes cotidianos específicos de escucha. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la firmeza de las preferencias de micrófonos para la audición cotidiana. Dos personas hipoacúsicas establecieron juicios de preferencia en cuanto a los micrófonos (preferencia omnidireccional, preferencia direccional, sin preferencia) en una variedad de situaciones cotidianas de escucha. Simultáneamente, estos ambientes acústicos fueron registrados a través de modos omnidireccionales y direccionales de procesamiento del micrófono. Las grabaciones acústicas fueron luego presentadas en un contexto de laboratorio para preferencias del micrófono a los dos sujetos originales y a dos sujetos que diferían en su habilidad auditiva y en su experiencia con procesamiento direccional de micrófonos. Los dos sujetos originales pudieron replicar en el laboratorio sus preferencias de micrófono en vivo con un alto grado de exactitud. Esto sugiere que las bases para la preferencia original y aquella en vivo de los micrófonos fueron correctamente representadas en los registros acústicos. Otros participantes con hipoacusia y normoyentes que escucharon los registros ambientales también replicaron con exactitud las preferencias omnidireccionales originales en vivo; sin embargo, las preferencias direccionales no fueron tan consistentes entre todos ellos. Cuando la clasificación de laboratorio no replicó la preferencia direccional de micrófono en vivo, los sujetos casi siempre dejaron de expresar preferencia por ningún modo de micrófono. Por lo tanto, la preferencia para procesamiento omnidireccional raramente fue escogida por ninguno de los participantes para situaciones donde se había preferido el registro direccional como un juicio en vivo y viceversa. Se interpreta que estos resultados aportan poco en la búsqueda de adecuar automáticamente los algoritmos de direccionalidad para pacientes individuales. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en el diseño de auxiliares auditivos.
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Ng, SeeHoe, Bridget Kelly, Heather Yeatman, Boyd Swinburn, and Tilakavati Karupaiah. "Policy Inertia on Regulating Food Marketing to Children: A Case Study of Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 9607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189607.
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Unhealthy food marketing shapes children’s preference towards obesogenic foods. In Malaysia, policies regulating this food marketing were rated as poor compared to global standards, justifying the need to explore barriers and facilitators during policy development and implementation processes. The case study incorporated qualitative methods, including historical mapping, semi-structured interviews with key informants and a search of cited documents. Nine participants were interviewed, representing the Federal government (n = 5), food industry (n = 2) and civil society (n = 2). Even though the mandatory approach to government-led regulation of food marketing to children was the benchmark, more barriers than facilitators in the policy process led to industry self-regulations in Malaysia. Cited barriers were the lack of political will, industry resistance, complexity of legislation, technical challenges, and lack of resources, particularly professional skills. The adoption of industry self-regulation created further barriers to subsequent policy advancement. These included implementer indifference (industry), lack of monitoring, poor stakeholder relations, and policy characteristics linked to weak criteria and voluntary uptake. These underlying barriers, together with a lack of sustained public health advocacy, exacerbated policy inertia. Key recommendations include strengthening pro-public health stakeholder partnerships, applying sustained efforts in policy advocacy to overcome policy inertia, and conducting monitoring for policy compliance and accountability. These form the key lessons for advocating policy reforms.
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Kalimantari, Ni Luh Ayu, and Ida Bagus Teddy Prianthara. "Merajut Asa Implementasi Food Preference di Rumah Sakit Swasta." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 16, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v16i3.2233.
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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to find out to find out how the implementation of the food preference in organizing food at Surya Husadha Nusa Dua Badung Hospital and the obstacles that occur in the implementation of a food preference. This research was conducted at Surya Husadha Nusa Dua Hospital, Badung Regency. The design of this study is qualitative, namely to understand the phenomenon of food preference implementation preference in organizing food. Technically, data collection uses interviews with informants. The research informants consisted of elements involved in the mechanism of organizing food at Surya Husadha Nusa Dua and patient. The results of the study showed that the food preference imple- mentation in Surya Husadha Nusa Dua Hospital had 1) effective communication in food preference implementation, 2) inadequate resources in the implementation of food preferences, 3) the attitude of the implementers in the food preference implementation was already underway well and 4) the bureaucratic structure in the implementation of a food preference knows the duties and responsibilities. The organizational structure has gone well. Then the obstacles in the implementation of food preferences include: The semi out-sourcing system that is used in hospitals triggers delays in food distribution and ineffective communication between task implementers, and the lack of human resources causes implementers to be more oriented towards the target time of completion of work rather than on the results or quality of work.
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Hollin, Ilene L., Juan Marcos González, Lisabeth Buelt, Michael Ciarametaro, and Robert W. Dubois. "Do Patient Preferences Align With Value Frameworks? A Discrete-Choice Experiment of Patients With Breast Cancer." MDM Policy & Practice 5, no. 1 (January 2020): 238146832092801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468320928012.
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Purpose. Assess patient preferences for aspects of breast cancer treatments to evaluate and inform the usual assumptions in scoring rubrics for value frameworks. Methods. A discrete-choice experiment (DCE) was designed and implemented to collect quantitative evidence on preferences from 100 adult female patients with a self-reported physician diagnosis of stage 3 or stage 4 breast cancer. Respondents were asked to evaluate some of the treatment aspects currently considered in value frameworks. Respondents’ choices were analyzed using logit-based regression models that produced preference weights for each treatment aspect considered. Aggregate- and individual-level preferences were used to assess the relative importance of treatment aspects and their variability across respondents. Results. As expected, better clinical outcomes were associated with higher preference weights. While life extensions with treatment were considered to be most important, respondents assigned great value to out-of-pocket cost of treatment, treatment route of administration, and the availability of reliable tests to help gauge treatment efficacy. Two respondent classes were identified in the sample. Differences in class-specific preferences were primarily associated with route of administration, out-of-pocket treatment cost, and the availability of a test to gauge treatment efficacy. Only patient cancer stage was found to be correlated with class assignment ( P = 0.035). Given the distribution of individual-level preference estimates, preference for survival benefits are unlikely to be adequately described with two sets of preference weights. Conclusions. Although value frameworks are an important step in the systematic evaluation of medications in the context of a complex treatment landscape, the frameworks are still largely driven by expert judgment. Our results illustrate issues with this approach as patient preferences can be heterogeneous and different from the scoring weights currently provided by the frameworks.
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Hasanzadeh, Kamyar, Marketta Kyttä, and Greg Brown. "Beyond Housing Preferences: Urban Structure and Actualisation of Residential Area Preferences." Urban Science 3, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3010021.
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The concept of residential housing preferences has been studied across multiple disciplines, with extensive literature supporting both stated and revealed preference methods. This study argues that both preference types, stated and revealed, should be assessed concurrently to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of residential housing choices. To provide evidence, this research used findings from a public participation GIS survey that identified the stated housing preferences associated with three categories of urban residents, which were called urban “tribes”. We implemented an analytical framework using fuzzy modelling to relate stated preferences with revealed preferences for the same individuals using empirical data describing the urban structure in Tampere, Finland. Following an analysis of the relationships between residents’ revealed preferences and urban structural variables, we examined the consistency of stated housing preferences with revealed preferences. The results show considerable mismatch between the stated and revealed preferences for the urban tribes that were examined i.e., the preferred housing environment was significantly different from the actual living environment. Further, the stated preferences showed disequilibrium within the current structure of the housing supply in Tampere. The findings can have important implications for housing policy making in Tampere. Further, the use of a novel fuzzy model approach demonstrated a flexible and tolerant method for working with imprecise and variable social data to capture subtle differences. Finally, this study elaborately discusses the remaining limitations and suggests how they should be addressed in future research.
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Manouselis, Nikos, and Andreas M. Maras. "Multi-attribute Services Brokering in Agent-based Virtual Private Networks." Computing Letters 1, no. 3 (March 6, 2005): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574040054861230.
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This paper presents the development of an agent-based Virtual Private Network (VPN) system that supports multimedia service brokering. The VPN agents employ multi-attribute preference models in order to represent the end-user preferences, and a multi-criteria decision making model to evaluate available services from network providers. A prototype multi-agent system demonstrating the proposed approach has also been implemented.
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Adiyoga, Witono, and Nurmalinda Nurmalinda. "Analisis Konjoin Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Atribut Produk Kentang, Bawang Merah, dan Cabai Merah." Jurnal Hortikultura 22, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v22n3.2012.p292-302.
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<p>ABSTRAK. Pemahaman tentang preferensi konsumen sangat penting dalam proses pengambilan keputusan pemangku kepentingan utama, termasuk bagi produsen/petani serta berbagai pihak terkait yang beroperasi di dalam subsektor sayuran. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk menghimpun informasi menyangkut preferensi konsumen atau optimalisasi utilitas atribut produk untuk komoditas prioritas/unggulan sayuran (kentang, bawang merah, dan cabai merah). Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juni sampai dengan September 2008 di tiga kota besar konsumen sayuran, yaitu Jakarta (DKI Jaya), Bandung (Jawa Barat), dan Padang (Sumatera Barat). Penelitian survai menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dilaksanakan untuk mewawancarai 335 responden yang dipilih secara acak di ketiga kota tersebut. Atribut produk yang diamati mencakup atribut eksternal, internal, dan organoleptik. Preferensi konsumen diidentifikasi menggunakan analisis konjoin yaitu salah satu modul dalam program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumen mengekspresikan preferensinya terhadap kentang yang berukuran 6–8 butir/kg, berkulit mulus, dan memiliki jumlah mata sedikit (<10). Konsumen menganggap ukuran umbi kentang merupakan faktor terpenting dalam menilai atau membeli kentang, dan secara berturut-turut diikuti oleh faktor permukaan kulit serta jumlah mata. Sementara itu, bawang merah yang paling disukai konsumen ialah bawang merah dengan diameter umbi 2,5 cm, berwarna kulit merah-ungu tua, dan beraroma tidak menyengat. Urutan kepentingan atribut bawang merah menurut persepsi konsumen secara berturut-turut yaitu warna kulit, ukuran umbi, serta aroma. Sementara itu, konsumen lebih menyukai cabai merah yang besar, kulit berwarna merah terang, dan memiliki kepedasan agak pedas. Dalam konteks atribut produk cabai merah yang digunakan untuk mengukur preferensi, faktor terpenting yang berpengaruh dalam proses pengambilan keputusan yaitu warna kulit, dan secara berturut-turut diikuti oleh faktor jenis cabai serta tingkat kepedasan.</p><p>ABSTRACT. Adiyoga, W and Nurmalinda 2012. Conjoint Analysis of Consumer Preferences on Potato, Shallots, and Hot Pepper’s Product Attributes. Understanding consumer preferences is important in the context of decision-making of key stakeholders, including producers themselves, as well as development agencies that operate in the vegetable subsector. This study was aimed at collecting information on consumer preference or optimizing the utility of product attributes of vegetable priority crops (potato, shallots, and hot peppers). It was carried out in June-September 2008 in three big vegetable consuming cities, Jakarta (Capital Special-Region of Jakarta), Bandung (West Java), and Padang (West Sumatera). Survey method by using a structured questionnaire was implemented to interview 335 respondents randomly selected in the three cities. Parameters observed were external, internal, and organoleptic attributes. Consumer preferences were identified by using conjoint analysis – a module in Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that consumers express their preference to potato that has some characteristics, such as medium size of tuber (6-8 tubers/kg), smooth-flawless skin, and few numbers of eyes (<10). Tuber size were perceived as the most important factor affecting purchasing decision, and followed by skin and number of eyes. The most preferred shallots was the one that has a diameter of 2.5 cm in size, dark-violet red skin color, and least strong aroma. The rank of shallot’s attributes importance as perceived by consumers were skin color, tuber size, and aroma, consecutively. Meanwhile, consumers prefer hot peppers that has the characteristics of bright-red skin color, big-hot peppers type, and slightly hot. Within the context of measuring preference, the most important hot peppers attribute that influences consumer decision making were skin color, and then followed by hot peppers type, and hotness.<br /><br /></p>
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Rigi, Mohammad Amin, and Farid Khoshalhan. "Eliciting User Preferences in Multi-Agent Meeting Scheduling Problem." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 7, no. 2 (April 2011): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jiit.2011040103.
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Meeting Scheduling Problem (MSP) arranges meetings between a number of participants. Reaching consensus in arranging a meeting is very diffuclt and time-consuming when the number of participants is large. One efficient approach for overcoming this problem is the use of multi-agent systems. In a multi-agent system, agents are deciding on behalf of their users. They must be able to elicite their users’ preferences in an effective way. This paper focuses on the elicitation of users’ preferences. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) - which is known for its ability to determine preferences - is used in this research. Specifically, an adaptive preference modeling technique based on AHP is developed and implemented in a system and the initial validation results are encouraging.
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Desai, Ruchi, and Manali Shah. "Understanding the Learning Styles of Physiotherapy Students." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210727.
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Physiotherapy students have wide range of diversity in their learning preferences therefore this has been always a challenged for the teachers to meet their demands. Understanding learning style preference encourages both students and teachers to continuously update themselves resulting in greater educational satisfaction. Study was performed to find out differences of learning preferences from first to final year physiotherapy students of LJ Institute of physiotherapy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Total 220 physiotherapy students from all four years were invited to participate in study, out of which 161 students (male: 49, female: 112) voluntarily participated in study. A web-based survey was implemented in this study which included VARK questionnaire and we found 72.7% students have multimodal learning style and kinaesthetic was the preferred sensory modalities of learning for most of the years but final year also showed more aural learning. Most of the male students in our study showed kinaesthetic learning and previous year academic performance also has influence on learning preference. Key words: VARK, learning style, Physiotherapy.
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Suzuki, Shinsuke, Emily L. S. Jensen, Peter Bossaerts, and John P. O’Doherty. "Behavioral contagion during learning about another agent’s risk-preferences acts on the neural representation of decision-risk." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 14 (March 21, 2016): 3755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600092113.
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Our attitude toward risk plays a crucial role in influencing our everyday decision-making. Despite its importance, little is known about how human risk-preference can be modulated by observing risky behavior in other agents at either the behavioral or the neural level. Using fMRI combined with computational modeling of behavioral data, we show that human risk-preference can be systematically altered by the act of observing and learning from others’ risk-related decisions. The contagion is driven specifically by brain regions involved in the assessment of risk: the behavioral shift is implemented via a neural representation of risk in the caudate nucleus, whereas the representations of other decision-related variables such as expected value are not affected. Furthermore, we uncover neural computations underlying learning about others’ risk-preferences and describe how these signals interact with the neural representation of risk in the caudate. Updating of the belief about others’ preferences is associated with neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Functional coupling between the dlPFC and the caudate correlates with the degree of susceptibility to the contagion effect, suggesting that a frontal–subcortical loop, the so-called dorsolateral prefrontal–striatal circuit, underlies the modulation of risk-preference. Taken together, these findings provide a mechanistic account for how observation of others’ risky behavior can modulate an individual’s own risk-preference.
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Mohsin, Ali, Qiong Shen, Xinyu Wang, and Xiaoming Zhang. "A Ranking Method for User Recommendation Based on Fuzzy Preference Relations in the Nature Reserve of Dangshan Pear Germplasm Resources." Information 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info9110291.
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Precision orchard management is an important avenue of investigation in agricultural technology and is an urgently needed part of information development in the fruit industry. Precision management based on a precision agricultural technology system involves many factors and results in users being unable to make accurate judgments. To improve user decision-making accuracy and the level of precision management, we used user preferences to achieve the recommendation function. In this paper, a ranking method based on fuzzy preference relations for user recommendation is proposed. We selected the Nature Reserve of Dangshan Pear Germplasm Resources as the research location and invited experts and representatives of different roles (government, farmers, and tourists) to give the fuzzy preference relation coefficients. Then, an optimization model was proposed based on the fuzzy preference relation. We solved the proposed model by constructing a Lagrangian function, and obtained the ranking values of the user preference recommendation function. Finally, we ranked the order of the given roles and implemented the fuzzy preference recommendation. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and can be conveniently applied to other problems related to user preference relations.
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Weldy, Christina R., John T. Rapp, and Kelli Capocasa. "Training staff to implement brief stimulus preference assessments." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 47, no. 1 (January 22, 2014): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaba.98.
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Birol, Ekin, Dorene Asare-Marfo, Bhushana Karandikar, Devesh Roy, and Michael Tedla Diressie. "Investigating demand for biofortified seeds in developing countries." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 5, no. 1 (May 18, 2015): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-02-2014-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore farmer acceptance of a biofortified staple food crop in a developing country prior to its commercialization. The paper focuses on the hypothetical introduction of a high-iron pearl millet variety in Maharashtra, India, where pearl millet is among the most important staple crops. Design/methodology/approach – A choice experiment is used to investigate farmer preferences for and trade-offs among various production and consumption attributes of pearl millet. The key pearl millet attributes studied include days it takes pearl millet to mature, color of the roti (flat bread) the grain produces, the presence of high-iron content (nutritional attribute), and the price of the pearl millet seed. Choice data come from 630 pearl millet-producing households from three purposefully selected districts of Maharashtra. A latent class model is used to investigate the heterogeneity in farmers’ preferences for pearl millet attributes and to profile farmers who are more or less likely to choose high-iron varieties of pearl millet. Findings – The results reveal that there are three distinct segments in the sample, and there is significant heterogeneity in farmer preferences across these segments. High-iron pearl millet is valued the most by larger households that produce mainly for household consumption and currently have lower quality diets. Households that mainly produce for market sales, on the other hand, derive lower benefits from consumption characteristics such as color and nutrition. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of the study is that it uses a stated preference choice experiment method, which suffers from hypothetical bias. At the time of implementing this study biofortified high-iron pearl millet varieties were not yet developed, therefore the authors could not have implemented revealed preference elicitation methods with real products and payment. Originality/value – The method used (stated preference choice experiment method) is commonly used to value non-market goods such as environmental goods and products that are not yet in the market. It’s application to agriculture and in developing countries is increasing. As far as the authors know this is the first choice experiment implemented to investigate farmer/consumer preferences for biofortified crops. The study presents valuable information for development and delivery of biofortified crops for reducing micronutrient deficiencies.
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HS, Rajeeva, Manjunath MV, Dinakar M, and Gaurav Pandey. "Self-Rechargeable Battery Vehicle." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3S (February 23, 2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c1005.02103s21.
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Widespread adoption of electric vehicles will relieve us from problems such as environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, theusage of EV is relatively low in spite of many governments implementing strong promotion policies. This paper presents a understandable review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further research. First, we compare the psychological and economic approach towards this topic, followed by a conceptual work of EV preferences which is then implemented to organise our review. We also consider the modelling techniques applied in the selected studies. Estimates of consumer preferences for financial, technical, infrastructure and policy attributes are then considered. A categorisation of main factors for consumer preferences into groups such as socio-economic variables, psychological factors, mobility condition, social influence, etc. is then made and their impacts are briefly explained. Finally, we discuss a research agenda to improve EV consumer preference studies and give suggestions for further research.
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Crespo-Cebada, Eva, Carlos Díaz-Caro, Rafael Robina-Ramírez, and M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández. "Is Biodiversity a Relevant Attribute for Assessing Natural Parks? Evidence from Cornalvo Natural Park in Spain." Forests 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040410.
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The economic valuation of goods that do not have a market, like services offered by natural parks, provide a lot of information for the purpose of policy making on the conservation and protection of the natural environment, as well as for establishing park use strategies for potential park visitors. In this respect, this paper aims to analyse visitor preferences for Cornalvo Natural Park, which has been classed, since 1992, as a Site of Community Importance. To do this, we conducted an analysis adopting the choice experiment methodology to determine visitor preferences for a set of attributes. Additionally, we included a visitor preference heterogeneity analysis based on a mixed logit model in order to calculate individual willingness to pay with respect to a set of previously specified attributes. Finally, we also implemented the latent class methodology to define groups of individuals with similar characteristics. The information was gathered from visitor surveys conducted during 2019. The main results show that tourists had a high preference and willingness to pay for higher biodiversity levels and lower numbers of visitors, whereas the other attributes were less relevant. Additionally, we detected some degree of heterogeneity in willingness to pay by sex, age and income. Finally, Latent class analysis identified two visitor classes, determined primarily by age and income.
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Strnad, Luke, Alyse Douglass, Kathleen Young, Heather Mayer, Jessica Brown, Stacey Mahoney, Elona Dellabough-Gormley, et al. "742. The Development, Implementation, and Feasibility of Multidisciplinary Treatment Planning Conference for Individuals with Unstable Substance Use Disorders and Active Infections Requiring Prolonged Antimicrobial Therapy: The OPTIONS-DC Model." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S331—S332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.810.
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Abstract Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), widely used for serious infections, has high failure rates in people with substances use disorders (SUD)1–2. At our institution, completing therapy in the hospital was previously the best option for high-risk patients; but long hospital stays are often unacceptable to patients and costly. To improve outcomes, our Infectious Diseases division, OPAT program, and Improving Addiction Care Team (IMPACT) developed and implemented a novel multidisciplinary conference (OPTIONS-DC) for inpatients with SUD requiring prolonged antibiotics. This study describes the conference development, tool, and initial experience. Methods From June 2017 to June 2018, diverse stakeholders collaboratively created and implemented a structured conference to discuss treatment options that balance medical efficacy, patient preferences, and feasibility using harm-reduction principles. After 10 months of hospital-wide implementation, we elicited provider feedback and performed a content analysis of OPTIONS-DC notes and patient records to evaluate the impact. Results The goal of conference development was prioritizing patient preferences and engaging multidisciplinary input. One RN facilitates the conference using the tool (Figure 1) to elicit input from the relevant providers. The tool systematically addresses components that may predict treatment success (i.e., working phone) while emphasizing patient preference and harm reduction. The IMPACT social work PICC safety assessment informs risks for IV access. Antibiotic recommendations are not a binary of optimal/suboptimal choices for the infection but options that best fit patient context. The average conference length was 28 minutes (IQR 21). Preliminary data shows good clinical outcomes and savings to inpatient days and cost. Initial feedback suggests the model was positively experienced by medical providers (Figure 2) and supported patient preferences. Conclusion A multidisciplinary patient-centered conference that prioritizes patient preference and uses harm-reduction principles for this high-risk population is practical, effective, and positively experienced by providers. This model may serve as a roadmap for other institutions. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Crosson, Scott. "Resistance to alternative management in fisheries: Economic and cultural considerations of North Carolina's commercial fishers." Politics and the Life Sciences 30, no. 02 (2011): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400014039.
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Research in recent decades has shown that although conventional fisheries management strategies such as fishing seasons, size limits, or gear restrictions can provide sufficient biological protection to fisheries stocks, they do not necessarily lead to satisfactory social or economic outcomes. In their stead, the merits and shortcomings of a variety of alternate management systems, including individual transferable quotas, have been proposed, implemented, and analyzed. Few investigations, however, have examined actual fishers' preferences for different management systems. Integrating results from a mail survey of North Carolina commercial fishers with their individual harvest histories and sociodemographic profiles shows that economic and cultural variables both play a significant role in management system preference. The analysis introduces the use of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a measure of investment diversity, as a measure of diversity in fisheries harvests and demonstrates an association with management preferences. Social and family factors are also notable indicators.
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Crosson, Scott. "Resistance to alternative management in fisheries: Economic and cultural considerations of North Carolina's commercial fishers." Politics and the Life Sciences 30, no. 2 (2011): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/30_2_31.
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Research in recent decades has shown that although conventional fisheries management strategies such as fishing seasons, size limits, or gear restrictions can provide sufficient biological protection to fisheries stocks, they do not necessarily lead to satisfactory social or economic outcomes. In their stead, the merits and shortcomings of a variety of alternate management systems, including individual transferable quotas, have been proposed, implemented, and analyzed. Few investigations, however, have examined actual fishers' preferences for different management systems. Integrating results from a mail survey of North Carolina commercial fishers with their individual harvest histories and sociodemographic profiles shows that economic and cultural variables both play a significant role in management system preference. The analysis introduces the use of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a measure of investment diversity, as a measure of diversity in fisheries harvests and demonstrates an association with management preferences. Social and family factors are also notable indicators.
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Rerkjirattikal, Pavinee, Van-Nam Huynh, Sun Olapiriyakul, and Thepchai Supnithi. "A Goal Programming Approach to Nurse Scheduling with Individual Preference Satisfaction." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2379091.
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The use of scheduling optimization tools is essential in creating an efficient nurse shift-rotation schedule. A well-designed nurse scheduling technique can improve nurses’ job satisfaction and their intention to stay. This study develops a goal programming approach to nurse scheduling that simultaneously considers workload fairness and individual preferences on working shift and day off assignments. A case study of an operating room at a hospital in Thailand is used to illustrate the model capabilities for solving an actual nurse scheduling problem. The job satisfaction factors defined based on an interview and questionnaire survey are integrated into the model. When compared against the manual scheduling result, the optimal schedules can be implemented to improve the nurse’s perception of fairness and preference satisfaction. The analysis of fairness and multiple individual preferences based on a case study investigation is the main contribution of this study.
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Havlíček, Jan, Jamie Winternitz, and S. Craig Roberts. "Major histocompatibility complex-associated odour preferences and human mate choice: near and far horizons." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1800 (April 20, 2020): 20190260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0260.
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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a core part of the adaptive immune system. As in other vertebrate taxa, it may also affect human chemical communication via odour-based mate preferences, with greater attraction towards MHC-dissimilar partners. However, despite some well-known findings, the available evidence is equivocal and made complicated by varied approaches to quantifying human mate choice. To address this, we here conduct comprehensive meta-analyses focusing on studies assessing: (i) genomic mate selection, (ii) relationship satisfaction, (iii) odour preference, and (iv) all studies combined. Analysis of genomic studies reveals no association between MHC-dissimilarity and mate choice in actual couples; however, MHC effects appear to be independent of the genomic background. The effect of MHC-dissimilarity on relationship satisfaction was not significant, and we found evidence for publication bias in studies on this area. There was also no significant association between MHC-dissimilarity and odour preferences. Finally, combining effect sizes from all genomic, relationship satisfaction, odour preference and previous mate choice studies into an overall estimate showed no overall significant effect of MHC-similarity on human mate selection. Based on these findings, we make a set of recommendations for future studies, focusing both on aspects that should be implemented immediately and those that lurk on the far horizon. We need larger samples with greater geographical and cultural diversity that control for genome-wide similarity. We also need more focus on mechanisms of MHC-associated odour preferences and on MHC-associated pregnancy loss. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Olfactory communication in humans’.
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Pisman, Maegan D., and Kevin C. Luczynski. "Caregivers can implement play‐based instruction without disrupting child preference." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 53, no. 3 (May 13, 2020): 1702–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaba.705.
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Swanson, H. Lee. "Developmental Changes in LD Readers' Encoding Preferences." Learning Disability Quarterly 10, no. 3 (August 1987): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1510489.
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The present study addressed the question, “Do encoding preferences underlie disabled readers' recall deficiencies and, if so, what cognitive mechanisms influence these preferences?” The free recall of learning disabled readers, ages 8 and 10, was compared with that of nondisabled readers during directive and nondirective encoding conditions. The former training condition was implemented to assess the independent effects of semantic and nonsemantic encoding. Both ability groups were found to recall more semantically than nonsemantically organized items. Age and ability group differences emerged in recall, but not in retrieval organization. During the nondirective phase readers' encoding preference for categorically organized and unrelated items was assessed. Although no ability group differences emerged, disabled readers preferred to encode categorically organized items nonsemantically whereas nondisabled readers organized items by semantic features. Results, discussed in terms of mismatch between encoding and retrieval processes, semantic cohesiveness of item retrieval, and children's word knowledge base, question the popular notion that strategy training eliminates processing differences between ability groups.
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Beukes, Bernice, Karin Barac, and Lynette Nagel. "Student Preferences within a Holistic Blended Learning Environment." EDEN Conference Proceedings, no. 1 (June 16, 2019): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2019-ac-0030.
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Extant research shows that blended learning environments are widely accepted by students mainly because of the flexibility it offers. However, there is very little research that focuses on students’ preferences within a holistic blended learning environment and the contribution that a component makes to the learning of the subject matter, especially in large class settings. The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ perceptions of blended learning components in a holistic blended learning environment and whether these perceptions vary for students with different academic performance levels. A mixed method approach was used in this study performed at a residential university in South Africa and the results indicate that auditing students do have a clear preference for specific components within the environment and significant differences exist between the preferences of different academic performance levels. Such insights allow lecturers to adjust the resources and focus of the different components implemented in a blended learning environment.
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Lee, Yeongju, and Minseok Song. "Adaptive Color Selection to Limit Power Consumption for Multi-Object GUI Applications in OLED-Based Mobile Devices." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102425.
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Recently, as OLED displays are widely used in smartphones, their power management has become an important issue. Since OLED display devices show a large difference in power consumption depending on the colors used, proper color selection is important to reduce power consumption, but this may affect quality-of-experience (QoE) perceived by users. To address this tradeoff, this paper proposes a new power management scheme for graphical-user-interface (GUI) applications in OLED-based mobile devices. First, we examine the relationship between power consumption and color usage based on actual measurements and derive a model to express color preferences. Next, we present a dynamic programming algorithm that adaptively changes the color of the GUI objects in the applications to limit the total power consumption while effectively reflecting the color preferences of the user. The proposed scheme was implemented on a commercial smartphone, and real power measurements were conducted to examine whether it uses the given energy budget accurately under various color preference configurations. Experimental results show that color preferences significantly affect both power consumption and QoE, thereby demonstrating that personalized color selection plays an important role in reducing total power consumption of an OLED smartphone.
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Reva, O. M., V. V. Kamyshуn, S. P. Borsuk, A. V. Nevynitsyn, and V. A. Shulgin. "The classical criteria application for the decisionmaking uncertainty risk determination of the preferences system by the air traffic controllers on the characteristic errors hazards." Science, technologies, innovation, no. 2(14) (2020): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2020-2-07.
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Given the influence of the human factor on decision-making processes by aviation operators of the “leading edge”, therefore, — of the flight safety, individual and group preference systems as formalized representations of air traffic controllers about a number of spectrum ordered by danger have been investigated from n=21 of characteristic errors. That has a pronounced positive proactive character. Explicating their opinions, the air traffic controllers simultaneously form discriminating, memorizing skills, therefore, — avoidance of mistakes in a professional activity: the subjects made one third fewer errors in comparison with other air traffic controllers in the process of simulator training. Group preference systems allow identifying the features of the functioning of individual societies — dispatch shifts, possible group deformations, as well as the impact on their members of the presentation features of the performing technological procedures specifics by instructors. m=37 individual preference systems of the air traffic controllers, which were involved in research, were built by pairwise comparison of the danger of errors and the application of a differential method of distributing the indicator of their total danger. That contributed to conducting of 420 pairwise error hazard comparisons. The implementation of a multi-step procedure for identifying and screening out 10 marginal opinions has led to a statistically consistent group system of preferences: Kendall’s concordance coefficient equals is W=0,700 and it became statistically significant at a high level of significance of a = 1 %. The decision matrix was formed from mА=27 individual preference systems of the air traffic controllers, which, by the definition, is a “cost matrix” and for the solution of which a methodology for the correct application of the classical decision criteria by Wald, Savage, Bayes-Laplace, Hurwitz has been implemented. It revealed the identity of the group systems of preferences obtained by Wald and Savage criterion, as well as the Bayes-Laplace criterion and such a strategy of group decisions as summation and averaging of ranks. The empirical preferences are generally the same: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients are unusually high (RB–L–W/S=0,8922, RB–L–HW=0,9263, RW/S–HW=0,9477) and statistically gullible at a high level of significance for human factor studies . The following values of the normative indicator of the not distinguishing dangers of error risk in the group preference systems are obtained: R*BL=0 , R*HW=0,19·10-2, R*W/S=5,58·10-2. The value of this indicator for the group is R*g=0,52·10-2.
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Rahmanto, Dwi. "POLA INTERAKSI GURU DAN SISWA KELAS X SMAN 1 JORONG." JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v10i1.8399.
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Abstract The Interaction Pattern of Teachers and Students of Class X of SMAN 1 Jorong. This study aims to describe (1) the pattern of intervention, (2) the pattern of adjacent pairs, and (3) the pattern of preference in the interaction discourse of teachers and students of class X at Jorong 1 Public High School during the teaching and learning process. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Sources of data collected in the form of oral speeches that occur during teaching-learning interactions. Data collection uses documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques use qualitative analysis techniques. From the results of data analysis and research conclusions, the findings are as follows: Interruptive patterns in teacher discourse and class x students at Jorong 1 State Senior High School during the teaching and learning process. The teacher's interruption pattern to students is due to weak student volume and to stop doubts or reinforce the answers to the teacher's questions. The pattern of contiguous pairs occurs normally or naturally according to the stimulus-response process and meets the structure of adjacent pairs which creates habits and regularity. This pattern of well-implemented preferences can be seen from the structure of the preferred action expected to be in the next action and not to be expected to be expected in the next action. Key words: teacher and student interaction, interrupt pattern, contiguous pair pattern, preference pattern … Pola Interaksi Guru dan Siswa Kelas X SMAN 1 Jorong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1), pola interupsi (2),pola pasangan berdekatan, dan (3), pola preferensi dalam wacana interaksi guru dan siswa dalam kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Jorong pada waktu proses belajar-mengajar. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Sumber data yang dikumpulkan berupa tuturan-tuturan lisan yang terjadi saat interaksi belajar-mengajar. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis data dan kesimpulan penelitian, diperoleh temuan antara lain sebagai berikut: Pola interupsi dalam wacana guru dan siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Jorong pada waktu proses belajar-mengajar. Pola interupsi guru kepada siswa dikarenakan volume suara siswa lemah dan untuk menghentikan keraguan atau mempertegas jawaban atas pertanyaan guru. Pola pasangan berdekatan terjadi dengan normal atau alamiah sesuai dengan proses stimulus-respon dan memenuhi struktur pasangan berdekatan yang menimbulkan kebiasaan dan keteraturan.Pola preferensi terlaksana dengan baik ini bisa dilihat dari adanya struktur tindakan yang disukai diharapkan ada pada tindakan berikutnya dan tidak disukai diharapkan tidak ada pada tindakan berikutnya. Kata-kata kunci: interaksi guru dan siswa, pola interupsi, pola pasangan berdekatan, pola preferensi
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Sawin, David A., Aaron M. Stewart, and Jeffrey A. Calcaterra. "Analyses of in-Keyboard Pointing Devices in the Context of Preferred Device and Dual versus Single Device Designs." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 5 (September 2002): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600502.
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Pointing sticks and touch pads remain the leading integrated pointing devices incorporated into notebook computers. Manufacturers have implemented dual point designs that include a pointing stick and touch pad on the same system to accommodate polarized preferences for pointing devices among users. Study of dual point designs analyzed the individual devices and identified strengths and weaknesses of combined designs. Findings indicate that with certain system attributes held constant, advanced technologies for pointing stick and touch pad produce near equal performance results and confirm hypotheses from previous research that user device preference and prior learning are key-contributing variables. Different types of pointing stick and touch pad technologies also lead to varying performance and preference results. in addition, users' abilities to transition to an alternate device depend on the device used during prior learning. Data suggests that unless device design is optimized for use of both devices, dual point designs may degrade performance and satisfaction of at least one component device when compared to similar metrics of the same device from single point designs.
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Kendran, Diah Ayu, Hanson Endra Kusuma, and Annisa Safira Riska. "Korespondensi Preferensi dan Karakteristik Tipe Wisatawan Grup pada Kawasan Agrowisata." Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jli.v13i1.33072.
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Facility planning will be successful if every process always consider the user and activities aspects. This aspects also applies to the agrotourism area, where tourist preference and segmentation can be used to understand visitor desires. This research aims to identify preferences and characteristics of the tourist segmentation in the visited agrotourism areas. This research used a grounded theory approach with qualitative exploratory methods. Data was collected online in an open–ended and close–ended questionnaire which was analyzed in 3 steps; open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Based on the analysis results, tourists’ preference for visiting agrotourism area were to enjoy natural environment and do various recreational activities. The study also found the tourist characteristics was dominated by visitors who come in groups with close relationship of family and friends. The characteristics of these tourists can be used as a basis of harmonisation for determining the criteria of facilities in agrotourism where the implemented design can give attention to the sustainability (lifecycle) of tourist attraction from natural and economic aspect.
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Edmunds, Kim, Laura Wall, Scott Brown, Andrew Searles, Anthony P. Shakeshaft, and Christopher M. Doran. "Exploring Community-Based Options for Reducing Youth Crime." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105097.
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BackTrack is a multi-component, community-based intervention designed to build capacity amongst 14–17-year-old high risk young people. The aim of the current study seeks to explore community value and preferences for reducing youth crime and improving community safety using BackTrack in a rural setting in Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. The study design used discrete choice experiments (DCEs), designed in accordance with the 10-item checklist outlined by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. The DCE was pilot tested on 43 participants to test feasibility and comprehension. A revised version of the survey was subsequently completed by 282 people over a 12-day period between 30 May 2016 and 10 June 2016, representing a survey response rate of 35%. Ninety per cent of respondents were residents of Armidale, the local rural town where BackTrack was implemented. The DCE generated results that consistently demonstrated a preference for social programs to address youth crime and community safety in the Armidale area. Respondents chose BackTrack over Greater Police Presence 75% of the time with an annual benefit of Australian dollars (AUD) 150 per household, equivalent to a community benefit of AUD 2.04 million. This study estimates a strong community preference for BackTrack relative to more policing (a community willing to pay equivalent to AUD 2.04 million) highlighting the clear value of including community preferences when evaluating community-based programs for high-risk young people.
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Notaro, Sandra, and Maria De Salvo. "Does Music Affect Visitors’ Choices for the Management and Conservation of Ecosystem Services?" Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810418.
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Psychological research has long demonstrated that preferences can be influenced by stimuli coming from the environment. Music, as an external stimulus influencing people behaviours, purchasing processes and spending, has been widely analysed in consumer behaviour and marketing literature. Here, we focus on the effect of music genres on preferences and willingness to pay for selected ecosystem services of a Nature Park when they are elicited with a Discrete Choice Experiment. This aspect is important in non-market valuation because music can represent an element of context-dependence for the assessment of individual choices, so that the assumption of preference stability does not hold, and welfare estimates may be biased. The results of a generalized mixed logit model evidenced a significant effect of music on preferences. If elicited preferences depend on the context on which the survey is implemented, wrong information to decision makers is provided when the choice context is altered by an uncontrolled external stimulus. This result is particularly important for applied researchers and policy makers. First, the use of protocols and guidelines that instruct respondents about the ambient background when answering a questionnaire is highly recommended, particularly for online surveys. Second, specific genres of music should be used in educational and ecosystem services conservation campaigns and also piped in visitor centres and virtual tours to encourage nature conservation and improve visitors’ sensitiveness for the environment.
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Moulin, Hervé. "Fair Division in the Internet Age." Annual Review of Economics 11, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 407–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-025559.
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Fair division, a key concern in the design of many social institutions, has for 70 years been the subject of interdisciplinary research at the interface of mathematics, economics, and game theory. Motivated by the proliferation of moneyless transactions on the internet, the computer science community has recently taken a deep interest in fairness principles and practical division rules. The resulting literature brings a fresh concern for computational simplicity (scalable rules) and realistic implementation. In this review of the most salient fair division results of the past 30 years, I concentrate on division rules with the best potential for practical implementation. The critical design parameter is the message space that the agents must use to report their individual preferences. A simple preference domain is key both to realistic implementation and to the existence of division rules with strong normative and incentive properties. I discuss successively the one-dimensional single-peaked domain, Leontief utilities, ordinal ranking, dichotomous preferences, and additive utilities. Some of the theoretical results in the latter domain are already implemented in the user-friendly SPLIDDIT platform ( http://spliddit.org ).
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Buxton, Amy, Jamie Jensen, Geoff Wright, Seth Bybee, Andrea Phillips, Tanner Phillips, and Michael Steadman. "Spiders or Butterflies? Despite Student Preference, Gender-Biased Lesson Models. Do Not Impact Interest, Attitude, and Learning in Biology." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 4 (April 19, 2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.74.8074.
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Background: Educational research often emphasizes the prevalent gender gap between males and females in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. In our study, we took a new approach on gender research by specifically considering whether there is a gender-oriented preference in curricular models (the specific lesson examples and content used to teach a broader biology topic, e.g., dust mites as a model of symbiosis) implemented to teach biology and how these models affect student interest, attitude, and learning. We sampled kindergarten through sixth grade students to determine whether a gender-oriented preference concerning lesson models exists and when that preference is most prevalent. We then designed active-learning curricula surrounding the models showing the largest gender preference and measured whether lesson model or presenter gender impacted student interest, attitude, and learning.
Results: Our findings show that students do indeed indicate a preference to learn using their own gender-oriented lesson models from kindergarten through sixth grade, but that the lesson model and presenter gender do not impact student interest, attitude, or learning during an active learning biology presentation.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that teachers as early as kindergarten should be aware and sensitive to the gender-based preferences for models used in teaching science that may exist within their classrooms and opt to alternate between male- and female-oriented lesson models to create a more inclusive classroom and to encourage especially females to pursue science. However, we offer strong advice to teachers to implement active-learning lessons as this may be the key to eliminating such gendered effects, as shown by our research.
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Grzesik, Katarzyna, and Katarzyna Piwowar‑Sulej. "Leadership Styles in Projects Implemented in Organizations – Model Approach vs. Results of Empirical Research." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 47, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1417.
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The aim of the article is to present the relationship between the practice of managing project teams and preferences of team members in this area and a model approach to management styles in particular project phases, based on the concept of J.R. Turner and R. Müller. The research process was based on literature studies and empirical research. The Authors evaluated current achievements regarding to the topic analyzed. The results of empirical research indicate that the most preferred leadership style is the democratic one. On the other hand, in the practice of project management, project teams’ members point out the use of democratic style and autocratic style. Both the respondents’ preferences and the practice are not coherent with the model approach.
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Quaife, Matthew, Aurélia Lépine, Kathleen Deering, Fern Terris-Prestholt, Tara Beattie, Shajy Isac, R. S. Paranjape, and Peter Vickerman. "The cost of safe sex: estimating the price premium for unprotected sex during the Avahan HIV prevention programme in India." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz100.
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Abstract There is some evidence that female sex workers (FSWs) receive greater earnings for providing unprotected sex. In 2003, the landscape of the fight against HIV/AIDS dramatically changed in India with the introduction of Avahan, the largest HIV prevention programme implemented globally. Using a unique, cross-sectional bio-behavioural dataset from 3591 FSWs located in the four Indian states where Avahan was implemented, we estimate the economic loss faced by FSWs who always use condoms. We estimate the causal effect of condom use on the price charged during the last paid sexual intercourse using the random targeting of Avahan as an instrumental variable. Results indicate that FSWs who always use condoms face an income loss of 65% (INR125, US$2.60) per sex act compared to peers providing unprotected sex, consistent with our expectations. The main finding confirms that clients have a preference for unprotected sex and that policies aiming at changing clients’ preferences and at improving the bargaining power of FSWs are required to limit the spread of HIV.
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Susetyo, Cahyono, Harry Timmermans, and Bauke de Vries. "Orthogonal strategy based computer-mediated negotiation: Principles and example." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 6 (January 8, 2018): 1036–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317748160.
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Previous efforts to improve stakeholders’ involvement in planning and decision-making processes mostly put planners and decision makers as the ones who decide which solution is the best for the decision problems. In bottom-up planning and decision-making processes that supposedly involve stakeholders as much as possible, the most common practice is that when stakeholders have different preferences about the decision issues, supra decision makers such as planners and experts gather stakeholders’ preferences, and then, using their expertise and experience, decide what is the best choice for stakeholders. We approach the involvement of stakeholders in planning and decision-making not by relying on planners’ expertise but from a negotiation perspective. Previous works related to stakeholders’ negotiation mostly require stakeholders to engage in a face-to-face negotiation that seldom involves a computer system to improve the process. In this paper, we develop a negotiation system to support multi-issue and multi-stakeholder decision-making problems. In our approach, stakeholders do not directly interact with each other. Their proposals are submitted to a system that produces counter-proposals to reduce the differences among stakeholders’ proposals. Therefore, stakeholders do not exchange their preferences directly, but rather preference elicitations are mediated by the system. This approach is called computer-mediated negotiation. The system itself is based on the principle of an orthogonal strategy. Our computer-mediated negotiation protocol consists of two main phases. The first phase is the preference elicitation phase, which measures stakeholders’ utility functions. The second phase is the e-negotiation phase, in which stakeholders make their proposals and the computer system provides suggestions to improve them. To simulate real-world negotiations where stakeholders make proposals and counter-proposals in a series of negotiation rounds, we implemented the indifference curve approach to enable stakeholders to make incremental changes of their proposals during negotiation. The results from our experiment suggest that our method can produce an optimum solution for a multi-issue and multi-stakeholder decision problem by moving stakeholders’ proposals closer to one another.
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Piasecki, Krzysztof, Ewa Roszkowska, Tomasz Wachowicz, Marzena Filipowicz-Chomko, and Anna Łyczkowska-Hanćkowiak. "Fuzzy Representation of Principal’s Preferences in Inspire Negotiation Support System." Entropy 23, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23080981.
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We consider the negotiation problem, in which an agent negotiates on behalf of a principal. Our considerations are focused on the Inspire negotiation support system in which the principal’s preferences are visualised by circles. In this way, the principal describes the importance of each negotiation issue and the relative utility of each considered option. The paper proposes how this preference information may be implemented by the agent for determining a scoring function used to support decisions throughout the negotiation process. The starting point of our considerations is a discussion regarding the visualisation of the principal’s preferences. We assume here that the importance of each issue and the utility of each option increases with the size of the circle representing them. The imprecise meaning of the notion of “circle size” implies that in a considered case, the utility of an option should be evaluated by a fuzzy number. The proposed utility fuzzification is justified by a simple analysis of results obtained from the empirical prenegotiation experiment. A novel method is proposed to determine trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, which evaluates an option’s utility using a series of answers given by the participants of the experiment. The utilities obtained this way are applied to determine the fuzzy scoring function for an agent. By determining such a common generalised fuzzy scoring system, our approach helps agents handle the differences in human cognitive processes associated with understanding the principal’s preferences. This work is the first approach to fuzzification of the preferences in the Inspire negotiation support system.
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GUAN, SHENG-UEI, WEN PIN TAN, and FEI LIU. "COGBROKER — A COGNITIVE APPROACH TO INTELLIGENT PRODUCT BROKERING FOR E-COMMERCE." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 07, no. 04 (December 2008): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026808002363.
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Researchers have proposed intelligent product-brokering applications to help facilitate the m-commerce shopping process. However, most algorithms require explicit, user-provided feedback to learn about user preference. In practical applications, users may not be motivated to provide unrewarded and time-consuming feedback. By adopting a cognitive approach, this paper investigates the possibility of replacing user feedback with user behavioral data analysis during product browsing. By means of evolutionary algorithms, the system is able to derive corresponding models that simulate the user's shopping behavior. User group profiling is also implemented to help identify the user's shopping patterns. Upon simulations of trial cases with consistent and rational shopping patterns, our experimental results confirm this approach being promising. The system shows high accuracy in detecting the preferences of the user. The algorithms are also portable and effective across different products.
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Henricksen, Karen, Jadwiga Indulska, and Andry Rakotonirainy. "Using context and preferences to implement self-adapting pervasive computing applications." Software: Practice and Experience 36, no. 11-12 (2006): 1307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.760.
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Pištek, Michal, and Martin Medvecký. "Class-Based Constraint-Based Routing with Implemented Fuzzy Logic in MPLS-TE Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/237810.
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The paper deals with constraint-based routing (CBR) in MPLS-TE networks and proposes a new CBR algorithm based on fuzzy logic called Fuzzy Class-Based Algorithm (FCBA). Multiprotocol label switching with traffic engineering (MPLS-TE) networks represent a popular mechanism to effectively use resources of service providers’ core networks. The paths can be either built by administrators (explicit routing) or built by using existing routing algorithms which mostly decide based on the shortest paths towards the destination which might not be sufficient in nowadays’ multimedia networks. To address this problem various CBR algorithms have emerged which take into consideration various aspects important to existing traffic like QoS parameters or administrative policies. FCBA makes routing decisions based on traffic classes and by using fuzzy logic we can assign normalized values to various constraints based on the traffic class’ preferences (e.g., low delay paths for voice traffic) and network administrator’s preferences (e.g., avoiding congested links). The paper provides comparison of FCBA with existing CBR approaches based on their ability to provide QoS parameters loss. The simulations show that FCBA provides the best results for the highest priority traffic where it uses lower priority traffic to efficiently utilize the network.
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Wang, Chao, Hengshu Zhu, Chen Zhu, Chuan Qin, and Hui Xiong. "SetRank: A Setwise Bayesian Approach for Collaborative Ranking from Implicit Feedback." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 6127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.6077.
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The recent development of online recommender systems has a focus on collaborative ranking from implicit feedback, such as user clicks and purchases. Different from explicit ratings, which reflect graded user preferences, the implicit feedback only generates positive and unobserved labels. While considerable efforts have been made in this direction, the well-known pairwise and listwise approaches have still been limited by various challenges. Specifically, for the pairwise approaches, the assumption of independent pairwise preference is not always held in practice. Also, the listwise approaches cannot efficiently accommodate “ties” due to the precondition of the entire list permutation. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel setwise Bayesian approach for collaborative ranking, namely SetRank, to inherently accommodate the characteristics of implicit feedback in recommender system. Specifically, SetRank aims at maximizing the posterior probability of novel setwise preference comparisons and can be implemented with matrix factorization and neural networks. Meanwhile, we also present the theoretical analysis of SetRank to show that the bound of excess risk can be proportional to √M/N, where M and N are the numbers of items and users, respectively. Finally, extensive experiments on four real-world datasets clearly validate the superiority of SetRank compared with various state-of-the-art baselines.
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Hils, Maximilian, Daniel W. Woods, and Rainer Böhme. "Privacy Preference Signals: Past, Present and Future." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2021, no. 4 (July 23, 2021): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2021-0069.
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Abstract Privacy preference signals are digital representations of how users want their personal data to be processed. Such signals must be adopted by both the sender (users) and intended recipients (data processors). Adoption represents a coordination problem that remains unsolved despite efforts dating back to the 1990s. Browsers implemented standards like the Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) and Do Not Track (DNT), but vendors profiting from personal data faced few incentives to receive and respect the expressed wishes of data subjects. In the wake of recent privacy laws, a coalition of AdTech firms published the Transparency and Consent Framework (TCF), which defines an optin consent signal. This paper integrates post-GDPR developments into the wider history of privacy preference signals. Our main contribution is a high-frequency longitudinal study describing how TCF signal gained dominance as of February 2021. We explore which factors correlate with adoption at the website level. Both the number of third parties on a website and the presence of Google Ads are associated with higher adoption of TCF. Further, we show that vendors acted as early adopters of TCF 2.0 and provide two case-studies describing how Consent Management Providers shifted existing customers to TCF 2.0. We sketch ways forward for a pro-privacy signal.
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Ponosov, Fedor N., Olga N. Malakhova, and Olga A. Zhuchenko. "Students’ choice of digital educational resource: Psychological aspect." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 10, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2021-10-2-158-167.
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The issue of psychological feasibility of distance learning is understudied and remains relevant both in theoretical and practical terms. The purpose of the study viewed in the article is to identify the connection between students’ preferences to study using the Internet and electronic textbooks with their personal psychological traits. Presumably, confident, self-organized students have a positive attitude towards their use, while anxious, emotionally unstable students have a negative attitude. The study involves 1st – 4th year students (N = 270, aged from 17 to 21 years; 61.3% women) students, who specialize in Economics and Agricultural Industry in Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy. We used the following techniques: questionnaire developed by O. N. Malakhova, O. A. Zhuchenko, aimed at studying students’ preferences and Cattell’s Personality Factor Questionnaire (16-PF), form C, which has the goal to study personality traits that are significant for the research. It was found that there was a direct interconnection between students’ preference to use digital educational resources with their personal psychological traits. The study revealed that students with self-discipline and analytical mindset have a negative attitude to the use of electronic textbooks and distance learning. It was found that among the main personal psychological characteristics of students, which influence their preferences, are sensitivity and radicalism, anxiety and lack of self-discipline. We did not confirm the hypothesis put forward in the study. The applied aspect of the problem under study can be implemented in educational practice to increase the efficiency of educational process and in the development of digital training courses. The research perspectives are related to the study of teacher preferences.
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Roscoe, Eileen M., and Wayne W. Fisher. "EVALUATION OF AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR TRAINING STAFF TO IMPLEMENT STIMULUS PREFERENCE ASSESSMENTS." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 41, no. 2 (June 2008): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2008.41-249.
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Plagányi, Éva E., Rebecca A. Rademeyer, Doug S. Butterworth, Carryn L. Cunningham, and Susan J. Johnston. "Making management procedures operational—innovations implemented in South Africa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 4 (May 1, 2007): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm043.
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Abstract Plagányi, É. E., Rademeyer, R. A., Butterworth, D. S., Cunningham, C. L., and Johnston, S. J. 2007. Making management procedures operational — innovations implemented in South Africa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 626–632. Operational management procedures (OMPs) have become an indispensable fisheries management tool in South Africa in light of their ability to consider the consequences of the main sources of assessment uncertainty. An overview is provided of the MP approaches applied to the major South African fisheries for hake, sardine and anchovy, and west coast rock lobster. As these are among the first OMPs to be implemented worldwide, some for periods longer than 10 y, they provide useful examples of some of the successes and problems encountered with the approach. Particular emphasis is given to some recent innovations and adaptations. These include moves to (i) joint two-species OMPs for the hake and sardine/anchovy resources; (ii) a reference set of weighted operating models for primary testing and tuning in preference to a single model; (iii) consideration of a “research-conditional” approach for hake to allow greater catches in the short term, conditional on research being implemented to resolve a key uncertainty; and (iv) incorporation of some ecosystem considerations by developing appropriate robustness tests (which link with moves towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries). Key lessons gained from experience over the past decade of OMP implementation in South Africa are summarized.
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Wu, Jian-Zhang, Yi-Ping Zhou, Li Huang, and Jun-Jie Dong. "Multicriteria Correlation Preference Information (MCCPI)-Based Ordinary Capacity Identification Method." Mathematics 7, no. 3 (March 24, 2019): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7030300.
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Multicriteria correlation preference information (MCCPI) refers to a special type of 2-dimensional explicit information: the importance and interaction preferences regarding multiple dependent decision criteria. A few identification models have been established and implemented to transform the MCCPI into the most satisfactory 2-additive capacity. However, as one of the most commonly accepted particular type of capacity, 2-additive capacity only takes into account 2-order interactions and ignores the higher order interactions, which is not always reasonable in a real decision-making environment. In this paper, we generalize those identification models into ordinary capacity cases to freely represent the complicated situations of higher order interactions among multiple decision criteria. Furthermore, a MCCPI-based comprehensive decision aid algorithm is proposed to represent various kinds of dominance relationships of all decision alternatives as well as other useful decision aiding information. An illustrative example is adopted to show the proposed MCCPI-based capacity identification method and decision aid algorithm.
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Amalina, Faiqoh, Ratya Anindita, and Abdul Wahib Muhaimin. "ANALYSIS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION PREFERENCES AND FOOD DEMAND IN CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 12 (June 30, 2020): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i12.2017.501.
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The efforts of the Government in food diversification of rice to local food thus generating household conditions that tend to switch to wheat consumption compared to local commodities. So the necessary analyse to look at preferences in consuming the food commodities. Besides seeing the influence of price changes and the expenditure against the demand for food as the evaluation of food diversification successfully implemented. This analysis were using Susenas data (2016) analyzed by the Linear Approximation/Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model. The results of the analysis note that the highest preference is present on rice and flour, seen from the amount of consumption as well as the proportion of its expenditure. The results of the demand elasticity indicates that diversifies effort still hadn't done very well because there were still a dependency of the rice. So that the effort to maintain the affordability of the rice should still be enacted.
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Hwang, Tae-Gyu, and Sung Kwon Kim. "Movie Recommendation through Multiple Bias Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062817.
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A recommender system (RS) refers to an agent that recommends items that are suitable for users, and it is implemented through collaborative filtering (CF). CF has a limitation in improving the accuracy of recommendations based on matrix factorization (MF). Therefore, a new method is required for analyzing preference patterns, which could not be derived by existing studies. This study aimed at solving the existing problems through bias analysis. By analyzing users’ and items’ biases of user preferences, the bias-based predictor (BBP) was developed and shown to outperform memory-based CF. In this paper, in order to enhance BBP, multiple bias analysis (MBA) was proposed to efficiently reflect the decision-making in real world. The experimental results using movie data revealed that MBA enhanced BBP accuracy, and that the hybrid models outperformed MF and SVD++. Based on this result, MBA is expected to improve performance when used as a system in related studies and provide useful knowledge in any areas that need features that can represent users.
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Leaf, Justin B., Christine Milne, Wafa A. Aljohani, Julia L. Ferguson, Joseph H. Cihon, Misty L. Oppenheim-Leaf, John McEachin, and Ronald Leaf. "Training Change Agents how to Implement Formal Preference Assessments: a Review of the Literature." Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 32, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10882-019-09668-2.
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Asensio-Cuesta, García-Gómez, Poza-Luján, and Conejero. "A Game-Theory Method to Design Job Rotation Schedules to Prevent Musculoskeletal Disorders Based on Workers’ Preferences and Competencies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 4666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234666.
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Job rotation is an organizational strategy based on the systematic exchange of workers between jobs in a planned manner according to specific criteria. This study presents the GS-Rot method, a method based on Game Theory, in order to design job rotation schedules by considering not only workers’ job preferences, but also the competencies required for different jobs. With this approach, we promote workers’ active participation in the design of the rotation plan. It also let us deal with restrictions in assigning workers to job positions according to their disabilities (temporal or permanent). The GS-Rot method has been implemented online and applied to a case in a work environment characterized by the presence of a high repetition of movements, which is a significant risk factor associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). A total of 17 workstations and 17 workers were involved in the rotation, four of them with physical/psychological limitations. Feasible job rotation schedules were obtained in a short time (average time 27.4 milliseconds). The results indicate that in the rotations driven by preference priorities, almost all the workers (94.11%) were assigned to one of their top five preferences. Likewise, 48.52% of job positions were assigned to workers in their top five of their competence lists. When jobs were assigned according to competence, 58.82% of workers got an assignment among their top five competence lists. Furthermore, 55.87% of the workers achieved jobs in their top five preferences. In both rotation scenarios, the workers varied performed jobs, and fatigue accumulation was balanced among them. The GS-Rot method achieved feasible and uniform solutions regarding the workers’ exposure to job repetitiveness.
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Goodman, Joseph, Kevin Caravati, Andrew Foote, Molly Nelson, and Emily Woods. "System Life Cycle EvaluationSM (SLiCE): harmonizing water treatment systems with implementers' needs." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2013): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.022.
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One of the methods proposed to improve access to clean drinking water is the mobile packaged water treatment system (MPWTS). The lack of published system performance comparisons combined with the diversity of technology available and intended operating conditions make it difficult for stakeholders to choose the system best suited for their application. MPWTS are often deployed in emergency situations, making selection of the appropriate system crucial to avoiding wasted resources and loss of life. Measurable critical-to-quality characteristics (CTQs) and a system selection tool for MPWTS were developed by utilizing relevant literature, including field studies, and implementing and comparing seven different MPWTS. The proposed System Life Cycle Evaluation (SLiCE) method uses these CTQs to evaluate the diversity in system performance and harmonize relevant performance with stakeholder preference via a selection tool. Agencies and field workers can use SLiCE results to inform and drive decision-making. The evaluation and selection tool also serves as a catalyst for communicating system performance, common design flaws, and stakeholder needs to system manufacturers. The SLiCE framework can be adopted into other emerging system technologies to communicate system performance over the life cycle of use.