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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Implicit biases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Miller, Demi Ariel, and Demi Ariel Miller. "Physicians Hold Implicit Biases About Women With Cervical Cancer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625103.

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The present study examined healthcare professionals' implicit prejudice and stereotyping toward cervical cancer versus ovarian cancer. Although prior research has looked at physician bias and its potential effects on the treatment of patients, there is a deficiency in research specifically looking at a bias toward cervical cancer patients. This study aimed to answer the question of whether or not a bias toward cervical cancer versus ovarian cancer exists and if this bias is moderated by any variables. This study used two implicit association tests (IAT) to determine if physicians are mor

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2

Lytle, Jonathan Matthew. "The role of implicit race biases on juror decision-making." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/41135.

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Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>Most efforts to identify juror bias rely on explicit measures, which have been subject to criticisms concerning validity. The following studies attempt to better understand juror bias through the use of an indirect measure, the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT). The goal of these studies was to investigate whether jurors have implicit biases regarding the guilt or innocence of a defendant, even before trial begins. Also, to investigate whether this bias varies as a result of extra-legal factors, such as defendant race and juror race. A final goal was to

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Briscoe-Juin, Deanna. "Pre-service Teacher's Implicit Biases and the School-to-Prison Pipeline." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1593523885431335.

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4

Haynes, Jacqueline K. "High Expectations and Teacher Implicit Biases in a Culture of Care." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7517.

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This graduate project was part of a group project completed by five school and district administrators in Hillsborough County, Florida. The project began because of our passion for teachers who are able to establish a culture of care in their classrooms that support students academically but transform their learning through experiences that enable them to be more highly engaged and productive students, regardless of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, perceived academic abilities, and backgrounds. My project component looked at research on teacher expectations and their effects on student success

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Haynes, Jacqueline K. "High Expectations and Teacher Implicit Biases in a Culture of Care." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2020. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13421018.

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This graduate project was part of a group project completed by five school and district administrators in Hillsborough County, Florida. The project began because of our passion for teachers who are able to establish a culture of care in their classrooms that support students academically but transform their learning through experiences that enable them to be more highly engaged and productive students, regardless of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, perceived academic abilities, and backgrounds. My project component looked at research on teacher expectations and their effects on student success

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6

Benas, Jessica Sara. "Cognitive biases in depression and eating disorders." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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7

Egwu, Okenna. "I Should Know Better: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Of New Counselors' Experiences Navigating Their Implicit Biases." W&M ScholarWorks, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1627407465.

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Implicit biases are known to have potentially damaging effects in counselors’ professional work. Although it is widely accepted that all people have these personal and unconscious biases, it has been difficult for researchers to identify strategies for consistently eradicating them on an individual level. To engage in multiculturally competent practice, counselors are directed to make every effort to eliminate latent biases. In order to understand how clinicians go about doing this, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was employed to explore the nature of counselors’ experiences navigating

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8

Fox, Lena Franziska. "Biases in leadership perception : the role of implicit leadership theories, attachment style, attentional capacity, and accuracy motivation." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12569/.

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Previous work suggested that followers’ insecure attachment style might bias the accuracy of follower leadership ratings (Davidovitz, Mikulincer, Shaver, Izsak, & Popper, 2007; Hansbrough, 2012), possibly also via followers’ implicit leadership theories (ILTs; Berson, Dan, & Yammarino, 2006; Keller, 2003). We argue that both followers’ attachment anxiety and avoidance—due to non-constructive emotion regulation and hence limited attentional capacity—lead to a biased leadership perception due to a greater usage of ILTs when rating a leader. In three online studies with full-time employed partici

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Cludius, Barbara [Verfasser], and Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] Moritz. "Cognitive Biases in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : Manifestation in Implicit Measures of Attention, Approach-Avoidance and Aggression / Barbara Cludius ; Betreuer: Steffen Moritz." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140166646/34.

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10

Bolin, Jerie J. "Attitudes on Legal Insanity and the Impact of Race." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1564414182185381.

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11

Tanner, Marilee Rose. "What is the Impact of a New Initiative Designed to Stimulate Culturally Responsive Practices in a High Performing Suburban School?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1563831319342741.

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12

Nicholas, Julie. "The Implicit Association Test as a Measure of Attitudinal Biases Towards Individuals with Disabilities: Assessing the Convergent Validity with the Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale and Tringo's Disability Social Distance Scale." TopSCHOLAR®, 2003. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/557.

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The present study addressed attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. Barriers that individuals with disabilities have faced and continue to face were discussed. Drawbacks (e.g., fakeability and unidimensionality) of traditional paper-and-pencil tests were presented. The Implicit Association Test (IAT), Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale (IDP), Tringo's Disability Social Distance Scale (DSDS), and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) were administered to 74 college students. Participants completed IAT tests for four disability conditions (i.e., paraplegic, alcoholism, ca

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13

Bolton, Charles Leonard III. "Development of a Questionnaire to Identify Barriers and Facilitators to Academic Careers for Women in STEM." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1578.

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The purpose of this research was to develop a questionnaire to be used to identify barriers and facilitators to women faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) academics. The phenomenon known as the leaky pipeline, a theoretical model describing why women are underrepresented in STEM disciplines, was examined. Women have long been underrepresented in STEM professions despite an increase in the number of women earning STEM degrees, suggesting women are faced with barriers that prevent them from achieving equal representation with men. The literature has identified seve

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Scott, Delbert Christopher Eugene. "Developing an Instrument to Measure Educator Perceptions of African American Male Students PreK - 12." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1571837290653201.

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Ciuca, Diana M. "Reducing Subjectivity: Meditation and Implicit Bias." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1213.

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Implicit association of racial stereotypes is brought about by social conditioning (Greenwald & Krieger, 2006). This conditioning can be explained by attractor networks (Sharp, 2011). Reducing implicit bias through meditation can show the effectiveness of reducing the rigidity of attractor networks, thereby reducing subjectivity. Mindfulness meditation has shown to reduce bias from the use of one single guided session conducted before performing an Implicit Association Test (Lueke & Gibson, 2015). Attachment to socially conditioned racial bias should become less prevalent through practicing me

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Gonzalez, Antonya Marie. "Malleability of implicit intergroup bias across development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54562.

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Implicit intergroup bias emerges early in development and exerts a powerful influence on an individual's social preferences and behaviors across the lifespan. While interventions to change these biases (e.g., racial bias) have been successful in adults, the magnitude of change is still notably small. No studies thus far have investigated whether these biases might be more amenable to change at different periods in development. Two studies examined potential developmental differences in the malleability of implicit bias. The first study examined the formation and malleability of novel implicit

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Burchett, Tabitha S., and L. Lee Glenn. "Measurement Validity of Tests for Implicit Negative Bias." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7483.

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Excerpt: The study by Terbeck et al. (2012) that was published in Psychopharmacology, Online First concluded that propranolol reduces implicit negative racial bias. However, this conclusion is not supported by the study because the implicit association test (IAT) (Greenwald et al. 2009) has not been sufficiently validated and because the claim for clinical treatment due to amygdala suppression is unsupported.

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Hyde, Jacquelyn Elaine. "Reconsidering Health Literacy: The Role of Implicit Bias." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/433020.

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Urban Bioethics<br>M.A.<br>Low health literacy in the United States has numerous negative impacts on health outcomes. Efforts to equip physicians with the ability to better identify patients with low health literacy have consistently shown lackluster and transient results. The transient nature of these results closely mirror those seen in the implicit bias literature, implying that health literacy may be better addressed if considered a type of coded bias among clinicians. In this paper, a review of the literature is presented which includes the impact of health literacy on patient outcomes, p

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19

Laird, Jess. "Understanding Implicit Bias in Public Defender Social Workers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/889.

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Research has demonstrated that implicit bias is an inescapable part of the human experience that can have harmful repercussions. Its effects can be seen particularly in the criminal justice system where those of marginalized groups are disproportionately represented. Social workers in the public defender’s office representing indigent clients in the criminal justice system, implicit bias can negatively impact client outcomes or service access. This study sought to explore how these social workers understand implicit bias in their work and will be conducted using qualitative analysis through th

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Whitfield, Marvin. "Influence of Implicit-Bias Training on the Cultural Competency of Police Officers." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7095.

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Highly publicized media events involving African American men and the use of deadly force by police officers have occurred between 2013 and 2014. These events have emphasized the need to examine the influence of implicit bias training on police officers' decision-making processes. During the past two decades, Community Oriented Policing Services has invested several billion dollars in training programs designed to eliminate racial bias within the law enforcement community. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how implicit-bias training influences the decision-making processes o

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McDermott, Daniel, and Daniel McDermott. "Implicit race bias towads American Indians documented in physicians." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626737.

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The present study was designed to examine implicit stereotyping and prejudice towards American Indians in a physician sample. An invitation with a link to the online survey was emailed to Southern Arizona physicians. Participants completed both a stereotype and prejudice Implicit Association Test (IAT) to determine if they held implicit bias against American Indians. It was predicted that participants would be quicker to implicitly associate American Indian stimuli with noncompliance compared to non- Hispanic White stimuli in the stereotype IAT and hold an implicit preference for White

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Spece, Lloyd, and Lloyd Spece. "Implicit race bias towards American Indians in physician sample." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626818.

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The present study analyzes whether implicit racial prejudice and/or stereotyping is present within a sample of healthcare professionals. Email invitations were sent to physicians in the Southwestern United States to perform the study online. The physicians were given both a prejudice and stereotype Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure potential implicit bias towards American Indians compared to Whites. The study found that physicians implicitly stereotype American Indians as non-compliant and harbor negative implicit prejudice towards American Indians as well. The implications of physici

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Koech, Jasmine Maria. "Contact and Explicit and Implicit Bias Towards Latinos/as." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068408.

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The positive effects of intergroup contact on prejudice reduction have been well established, with prior research demonstrating that real or imagined contact with outgroup members can reduce implicit and explicit racial bias (e.g., Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006; Turner, Crisp, & Lambert, 2007). The current research assessed non-Latinos’ to more closely examine the relationship between contact and explicit bias (Study 1) and implicit bias (Study 2) towards Latinos. Additionally, this work examined if imagining a contact scenario with a Latino stranger was sufficient in reducing bias compared to those

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Miller, Kurtz Karlmichael. "The essence of awareness of implicit bias: A phenomenological case study of educators' stories of coming to the realization they possess implicit bias." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1574284477424395.

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Stammers, Sophie. "Awareness, control and responsibility for implicit bias : the continuum thesis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/awareness-control-and-responsibility-for-implicit-bias(95558ff7-44cb-4d8c-802a-92ecd8200eae).html.

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A growing body of empirical research reveals that implicit biases manifest in many of our actions. It has been suggested that there is a fundamental distinction between (i) our implicit biases and the actions which they influence; and (ii) attitudes such as beliefs that we attribute to persons and think of as agential, and the actions that they guide. Call these the ‘substantial distinction’ (SD) views. According to SD arguments, implicit biases are distinguishable from beliefs and other agential attitudes, on the basis of one or more of the following features: • We lack awareness of our impli

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Rickert, Elise L. "Implicit Versus Explicit Attitudes of the Public Towards People Who Stutter." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1607947498737628.

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Gregg, Amy L. ""Nineteenth-Century American Medicine:The Implications of Professionalism, Capitalism, and Implicit Bias"." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492473135829899.

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Thornton, Vera Elizabeth, and Vera Elizabeth Thornton. "A Modified Implicit Association Test to Study Bias in Decision Making." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625227.

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The role that bias plays in decision making is a topic with significant societal implications. To understand that bias better, it is useful to be able to study it under controlled laboratory conditions. To facilitate this study, a modified implicit association test (IAT) which makes use of the mouse rather than the keyboard was designed. By tracking the mouse movement and varying the inter-trial interval (ITI) in the IAT, new information can be gathered to shed light on the underlying decision process. In this project the drift diffusion model (DDM) is considered as a potential model for the d

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Berry, Seth Allen. "AVERSIVE RACISM AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGY: CONTEXT-DEPENDENT DECISIONS AND PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSERVATIVES AND LIBERALS." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/640.

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This study examined perceptions among non-racists, aversive racists, and blatant racists of differentially-performing African-American employees and the effects of the evaluation manipulation on future hiring decisions of an African-American applicant. Using a procedure for categorizing participants into one of these three racism groups, which utilized both implicit and explicit measures of racism, an internet-based sample (n = 221) rated the job performance of a European- or African-American incumbent law associate in a positive or mediocre performance condition and then provided performance

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Matherly, Carter. "Influence of Distributed Reporting of Terror Violence on Implicit Associations of Individuals." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5374.

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Following the 9/11 terror attacks, many Americans experienced some form of habit or mood-altering stress though, most had received their impressions of the violence via distributed media reporting rather than firsthand exposure. Researchers have found that the propagating effects of media broadcasting can exasperate the effects of terror. However, little is known of how reports of terror violence affect group dynamics in geographically distant nations. The purpose of this study, following terror management theory, was to understand if terrorist violence influences cognitive and implicit racial

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Whitaker, Wesley. "Owning Our Implicit Attitudes: Responsibility, Resentment, and the Whole Self." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1749.

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Are implicit biases something we can rightly be held responsible for, and if so, how? A variety of social and cognitive psychological studies have documented the existence of wide-ranging implicit biases for over 30 years. These implicit biases can best be described as negative mental attitudes that operate immediately and unconsciously in response to specific stimuli. The first chapter of this thesis surveys the psychological literature, as well as presents findings of real-world experiments into racial biases. I then present the dominant model of implicit attitudes as mere associations, foll

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Potter, Kirsten Irene Laurent Jeff Catanzaro Salvatore J. "Implicit and explicit memory bias in adolescents who report symptoms of anxiety." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9924352.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1998.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed July 14, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Jeff Laurent, Salvatore J. Catanzaro (co-chairs), Connie B. Horton, Alvin E. House. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-83) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Schlosser, Elizabeth Auretta Cox. "Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Implicit Bias| Implications for Closing the Achievement Gap." Thesis, The University of Southern Mississippi, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10690797.

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<p> This study accessed the relationship between race, socioeconomic status, age and the race implicit bias held by middle and high school science teachers in Mobile and Baldwin County Public School Systems. Seventy-nine participants were administered the race Implicit Association Test (race IAT), created by Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R., (2003) and a demographic survey. Quantitative analysis using analysis of variances, ANOVA and t-tests were used in this study. An ANOVA was performed comparing the race IAT scores of African American science teachers and their Caucasian

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Harper, Tiffany. "FAST FRIENDS: IMPLICIT BIAS OF CROSS-GROUP FRIENDSHIPS IN A COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/36.

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Cross-group paired individuals were administered an intervention to measure impacts of inmate interactions and friendships on anxiety and implicit bias among participants. Researchers predicted the intervention would decrease levels of racial anxiety, implicitness, prejudice, and racial color-blindness among entering freshmen in the College of Agriculture, Food & Environment at the University of Kentucky. Results indicated that the control group had no change in implicitness. The treatment group yielded no change in implicitness on four out of five experimental measures with the exception of d

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Brauhardt, Anne, Almut Rudolph, and Anja Hilbert. "Implicit cognitive processes in binge-eating disorder and obesity." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-215567.

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Objectives: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes, associated eating disorder and general psychopathology, and commonly occurs in obese individuals. Explicit self-esteem and explicit weight bias have been linked to BED, while little is known about implicit cognitive processes such as implicit self-esteem and implicit weight bias. Methods: Obese participants with BED and an individually matched obese only group (OB) and normal weight control group (CG; each N = 26) were recruited from the community to examine group differences and associations in expli

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Brauhardt, Anne, Almut Rudolph, and Anja Hilbert. "Implicit cognitive processes in binge-eating disorder and obesity." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (2014) 45, 2, S. 285-290, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15164.

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Objectives: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes, associated eating disorder and general psychopathology, and commonly occurs in obese individuals. Explicit self-esteem and explicit weight bias have been linked to BED, while little is known about implicit cognitive processes such as implicit self-esteem and implicit weight bias. Methods: Obese participants with BED and an individually matched obese only group (OB) and normal weight control group (CG; each N = 26) were recruited from the community to examine group differences and associations in expli

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Roderique, Meagan B. "Aspirations of Objectivity: Systemic Illusions of Justice in the Biased Courtroom." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1278.

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Given the ever-growing body of evidence surrounding implicit bias in and beyond the institution of the law, there is an equally growing need for the law to respond to the accurate science of prejudice in its aspiration to objective practice and just decision-making. Examined herein are the existing legal conceptualizations of implicit bias as utilized in the courtroom; implicit bias as peripheral to law and implicit bias as effectual in law, but not without active resolution. These views and the interventional methods, materials, and procedures they inspire are widely employed to appreciably “

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Collins, Katherine Anne. "Exposure to Biased Language: The Role of Linguistic Abstraction in the Transmission, Maintenance, and Formation of Beliefs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32100.

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Language plays an indispensable role in the transmission, maintenance, and formation of culturally shared beliefs. Yet beliefs about groups, in particular, are shared despite the existence of prohibitive norms that act to inhibit their expression. This apparent incongruity suggests that cultural beliefs become shared through linguistic means other than explicit expression. In support of this, the linguistic bias paradigm proposes that linguistic bias is the implicit and unintentional expression of beliefs through the differential use of linguistic abstraction (Franco & Maass, 1996; Maass, 1999

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Jackson, Sarah Marie. "The Influence of Implicit and Explicit Gender Bias on Grading, and the Effectiveness of Rubrics for Reducing Bias." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1464731201.

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Burgoon, Jacob N. "The Moral Foundations of Teaching: Measuring Teachers' Implicit Moral Beliefs." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1544787174462244.

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Nadler, Joel T. "Explicit and Implicit Gender Bias in Workplace Appraisals: How Automatic Prejudice Affects Decision Making." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/228.

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Explicit gender bias has been found using both experiments and field studies to favor men in hiring, promotion, and career opportunities (Eagly & Carli, 2007), but experimental studies have been criticized for over generalizing results obtained from a "stranger-to-stranger" paradigm (Copus, 2005; Landy, 2008). Landy (2008) argues that gender biases become negligible when raters are familiar with ratees. Additionally, Landy questioned the use of implicit measures to examine bias. Implicit or unconscious bias refers to a cognitive preference for one category over another, such as taking longer t

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Coates, Mark A. "Event Related Potential Measures of Task Switching in the Implicit Association Test." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19917.

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Since its creation in 1998, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has become a commonly used measure in social psychology and related fields of research. Studies of the cognitive processes involved in the IAT are necessary to establish the validity of this measure and to suggest further refinements to its use and interpretation. The current thesis used ERPs to study cognitive processes associated with the IAT. The first experiment found significant differences in P300 amplitude in the Congruent and Incongruent conditions, which were interpreted as a reflection of greater equivocation in the Inc

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Bergh, Carin. "Linking manager implicit racial and religious bias to abusive supervision : consequences for diverse employees." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67791.

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Abusive supervision is a distressing problem for individuals and organisations, with workplace aggression impacting a disconcerting number of employees. The costs and concerns include absenteeism, health care, and lost productivity. Numerous studies have explored the adverse consequences of abusive supervision, but this study is one of the fewer studies designed to add to the knowledge on antecedents of abusive supervision. In this study, I test a model of implicit bias, microaggressions (employees' evaluations of supervisors’ behaviour as being discriminatory), abusive supervision and employe

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Ferguson, Ashley M. "The Effects of Self-Disclosure on Implicit Bias and Social Judgments of Disfluent Speech." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1542362073730088.

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Townsend, Andrea D. "Equity and Access for Students with Disabilities: The Role of Implicit Bias and Oppression." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1625953250126442.

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Laub, Eric Franklin. "Are the Police Racist? Evidence from Traffic Stop Outcomes." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1596020889916973.

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Hall, Calvin J. III. "Factors Influencing Perceptual Distance." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5584.

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Previous research shows that social biases, such as pro-White racial bias, can influence a person's decisions and behaviors (Correll et al. 2007; Mekawi & Bresin, 2015). Studies also suggest that social biases may influence basic functions like visual perception (Cesario & Navarrete, 2014); however, few studies have examined the relationship between visual perceptions and threat (Cesario, Placks, Hagiwara, Navarrete, & Higgins, 2010; Todd, Thiem, & Neel, 2016). The current research aims to investigate whether implicit pro-White preference can influence basic functions like visual perception. A

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Olaiya, Eugene F. "The Impact of Inpatient Treatment on Implicit Opioid-related Cognitions." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1556635353457297.

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Snowden, Jessica L. "Explicit and implicit bias measures : their relation and utility as predictors of criminal verdict tendency /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/snowdenj/jessicasnowden.pdf.

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Calitri, Raffaele. "Nationalism and patriotism : the effects of national identification on implicit and expicit in-group bias." Thesis, University of Kent, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420945.

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