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Dion, Michelle L., and Sara McLaughlin Mitchell. "How Many Citations to Women Is “Enough”? Estimates of Gender Representation in Political Science." PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519001173.
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ABSTRACTRecent studies identified gendered citation gaps in political science journal articles, with male scholars being less likely to cite work by female scholars in comparison to their female peers. Although journal editors, editorial boards, and political scientists are becoming more aware of implicit biases and adopting strategies to remedy them, we know less about the proper baselines for citations in subfields and research areas of political science. Without information about how many women should be cited in a research field, it is difficult to know whether the distribution is biased. Using the gender distribution of membership in professional political science organizations and article authors in 38 political science journals, we provide scholars with suggested minimum baselines for gender representation in citations. We also show that women represent a larger share of organization members than the authors in sponsoring organizations’ journals.
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JHA, RAHUL, AMJAD-ABU JBARA, VAHED QAZVINIAN, and DRAGOMIR R. RADEV. "NLP-driven citation analysis for scientometrics." Natural Language Engineering 23, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 93–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324915000443.
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AbstractThis paper summarizes ongoing research in Natural-Language-Processing-driven citation analysis and describes experiments and motivating examples of how this work can be used to enhance traditional scientometrics analysis that is based on simply treating citations as a ‘vote’ from the citing paper to cited paper. In particular, we describe our dataset for citation polarity and citation purpose, present experimental results on the automatic detection of these indicators, and demonstrate the use of such annotations for studying research dynamics and scientific summarization. We also look at two complementary problems that show up in Natural-Language-Processing-driven citation analysis for a specific target paper. The first problem is extracting citation context, the implicit citation sentences that do not contain explicit anchors to the target paper. The second problem is extracting reference scope, the target relevant segment of a complicated citing sentence that cites multiple papers. We show how these tasks can be helpful in improving sentiment analysis and citation-based summarization.
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Dion, Michelle L., Jane Lawrence Sumner, and Sara McLaughlin Mitchell. "Gendered Citation Patterns across Political Science and Social Science Methodology Fields." Political Analysis 26, no. 3 (July 2018): 312–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2018.12.
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Accumulated evidence identifies discernible gender gaps across many dimensions of professional academic careers including salaries, publication rates, journal placement, career progress, and academic service. Recent work in political science also reveals gender gaps in citations, with articles written by men citing work by other male scholars more often than work by female scholars. This study estimates the gender gap in citations across political science subfields and across methodological subfields within political science, sociology, and economics. The research design captures variance across research areas in terms of the underlying distribution of female scholars. We expect that subfields within political science and social science disciplines with more women will have smaller gender citation gaps, a reduction of the “Matthew effect” where men’s research is viewed as the most central and important in a field. However, gender citation gaps may persist if a “Matilda effect” occurs whereby women’s research is viewed as less important or their ideas are attributed to male scholars, even as a field becomes more diverse. Analysing all articles published from 2007–2016 in several journals, we find that female scholars are significantly more likely than mixed gender or male author teams to cite research by their female peers, but that these citation rates vary depending on the overall distribution of women in their field. More gender diverse subfields and disciplines produce smaller gender citation gaps, consistent with a reduction in the “Matthew effect”. However, we also observe undercitation of work by women, even in journals that publish mostly female authors. While improvements in gender diversity in academia increase the visibility and impact of scholarly work by women, implicit biases in citation practices in the social sciences persist.
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Patenaude, Johane, Suzanne Kocsis-Bédard, Jean-Pierre Béland, Christian Bellemare, Louise Bernier, Pierre Dagenais, Charles-Etienne Daniel, Hubert Gagnon, Georges-Auguste Legault, and Monelle Parent. "PP131 Eliciting Implicit Value-Judgments In The HTA Process." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318002672.
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Introduction:Eliciting implicit value-judgments (VJs) in the HTA process is one way of integrating ethics in HTA since the latter is recognized as a value-laden process. An analysis of the diversity of opinions on implicit VJs in HTA and of their role, highlights the connection there exists between VJs and the different decisions involved in the whole HTA process. Such a link is corroborated by a conceptual analysis of VJ using a speech-act philosophical approach grounded in the philosophy of language, since VJs are linked with normative speech-acts such as commands, recommendations and advices.Methods:We propose an analysis of the published citations mentioning VJs, extracted from our systematic review on the challenges of integrating ethics in HTA. In order to do so, those quotes were categorized in a chart, the latter of which presents: (i) the different steps of decision-making in the HTA process, (ii) the description of the implicit VJ(s) and (iii) the criteria involved. This chart was elaborated with the participation of the HTA local evaluators involved as co-investigators in our research group. The final version was discussed, debated and validated by the entire research group.Results:The chart shows 18 decision-making steps in the HTA process in which twenty-three implicit VJs can be observed. The range of such VJs encompasses the whole HTA process from the initial mandate to the agency presenting the decisional issues, to the dissemination of the final report. The published citations gathered for each category compile different expectations on the elicitation of the implicit VJs, thus making the latter VJs more explicit.Conclusions:This chart allows a better understanding of the expectations that are at the core of the appeal for more transparency in the HTA process, since stakeholders need to understand which value-judgments the final conclusion of a report is relying on.
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Pendell, Kimberly. "Behind the Wall." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 4 (January 2, 2019): 1041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22180.
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Despite implicit and explicit expectations that research inform their practice, social workers are unlikely to have access to published research articles. The traditional publishing model does not support public access (i.e., no publisher paywall barrier) to scholarly journals. Newer models of publishing allow free access to research including open access publishing and deposit of scholarship in institutional or disciplinary repositories. This study examined public access to articles in the top 25 social work journals. A random sample of article citations from a total of 1,587 was assessed, with the result that 52% of citations had no full-text access. Of the remaining 48% of citations with full-text access, it is questionable most will remain available long term due to possible copyright violations. Citations from the random sample show only minimal usage of institutional or disciplinary repositories as a means of sharing research. Establishing this baseline measure of access to research is an important first step in understanding the barriers for social workers in accessing research to inform practice. Recommendations for increasing access to research include publishing in open access journals and utilizing full text repositories.
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VALLAT, DANIEL. "VARRO IN VIRGILIAN COMMENTARIES: TRANSMISSION IN FRAGMENTS." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 60, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-5370.12059.
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Abstract: This paper analyses the transmission of Varro in late antique Virgil commentaries. Various problems are identified and discussed: the reliability of authors' names and titles of works in citations and testimonies; different forms of quotation; complications entailed by manuscript transmission; the delimitation of the fragments; the indirect transmission of Varro already in antiquity; the status and function of Varro in a Virgil commentary. Finally I suggest that Varro had a special if implicit status in fourth-century ideological debates, in the tacit rivalry of grammarians with Christian polemicists.
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Namatende-Sakwa, Lydia. "‘Gendering’ the text through implicit citations of gendered discourses: the construction of gender and teacher talk around children’s fiction." Gender and Language 13, no. 1 (May 10, 2018): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/genl.34847.
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Goroshko, Olena, and Tetiana Poliakova. "Persuasiveness in Political Discourse on Twitter." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 24, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2018-24-2-29-46.
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The article focuses on the question of new communication form appearance – the internet communication, namely political internet communication, that furthermore influenced the appearance of the new genres, among which we can find twitting. The active twitting usage with the communicative aim in political sphere puts the question about language learning namely about the means of expression of the persuasive language influence in the analyzed genre, as the persuasive language influence function is one of the most important functions in political internet-communication from psycholinguistic point of view.
The research process found out the range of verbal expression meanings of explicit and implicit persuasiveness. To the verbal meanings of implicit persuasiveness, we can refer the usage of imperatives and imperative constructions, explicit performatives, constructions with modal verbs, short sentences, and slogans.
The verbal meanings of implicit persuasiveness include rhetorical questions, affirmative sentences, and famous people’s citations. To the special language meanings, which encourage the influence on the addressee we also refer the usage of elliptical sentences, parcelation, repetition. The mostly used lexical and stylistic meanings, that encourage the fulfillment of the main purposes of political discourse is the usage of metaphor, metonymy, irony, personification and oxymoron. The research allowed us to come to conclusion, that the English-speaking political internet-communication is characterized with the usage of the same verbal appellation meanings as traditional communication. But we can also outline the meanings peculiar only to the internet communication and especially the twitting genre. For the research methodology we took out modern scientific conceptions. The research methodology was developed according the framework of genre study, psycholinguistics, 2.0, virtual genre study. According to the aim and tasks, general and linguistic research methods were used.
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Liu, Jia, Lin Fan, and Hongshan Yin. "A bibliometric analysis on cognitive processing of emotional words." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 35, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqz025.
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Abstract To investigate the growth of studies on emotional word processing, co-citations and co-occurring terms in related research were analyzed by using CiteSpace software. Through visualizing the references obtained from Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection of Thomson Reuters, the main research patterns and the hot research topics were identified. The research patterns include processing levels (implicit and explicit processing), the comparison between emotional and neutral words as well as visual emotional word processing under various tasks such as blink modification and subvocal rehearsal. The hot themes are: (1) the neural correlates of negative, positive and neutral words, (2) individual differences in trait anxiety, gender or eating disorders, and (3) audiovisual processing of emotional stimuli (words, faces, pictures, and sounds). Different from the previous review papers, the present study offers a new approach to visualizing relevant data over the past three decades to synthesize scientific research findings on emotional word processing. In addition, suggestions for future work in this area are provided.
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Alter, Karen J., Jean Clipperton, Emily Schraudenbach, and Laura Rozier. "Gender and Status in American Political Science: Who Determines Whether a Scholar Is Noteworthy?" Perspectives on Politics 18, no. 4 (March 17, 2020): 1048–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592719004985.
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We investigate gender disparities in status construction in American political science, focusing on three questions: 1) Do institutions within the discipline of political science—including departments, APSA, editorial boards, and academic honor societies–reflect or remedy gender disparities that exist in many forms of recognition, including appointments to top leadership and citations? 2) Are institutions with centralized and accountable appointment mechanisms less gender skewed compared to networked and decentralized selection processes where implicit bias may go unchecked? 3) Does leaning in help? Does the effort of women to publish and to claim a seat at leadership tables increase the likelihood that higher-level status positions will follow? We find that the distribution of highest-status positions is still gender skewed, that women are over-represented in positions that involve more service than prestige, that “leaning in” by serving as section chair, on editorial boards, or on academic councils is not necessarily a gateway to higher-status appointments, and that accountability promotes greater gender parity. The study raises questions about the goal of gender parity when it comes to lower-status service, and about the types of contributions our discipline rewards.
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Lai, Shih-Kung. "An anatomy of time explicit planning behavior for urban complexity." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 5 (November 26, 2018): 912–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318814000.
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Planning has long been perceived as intervention in a complex spatial system that tends toward equilibrium. In this perspective, time is implicit and dynamic details do not matter. As a result, little has been said in the literature about planning behavior that takes into account time and dynamic details. Exploration into planning behavior is important in the face of complex systems that are path dependent and far from equilibrium. The purpose of the present paper is therefore to model normative planning behavior based on Savage’s ( 1954 ) utility theory, Marschak’s ( 1974 ) theory of teams, and Hopkins’s (1980) definition of plans (i.e. planning is an activity of information gathering and producing to reduce uncertainty), to interpret the planner’s behavior on plan making, implementation, and revision.[Per journal style, abstracts should not have reference citations. Therefore, can you kindly delete these reference citations ( Savage, 1954 ; Marschak, 1974 ; Hopkins, 1980 ) and rephrase the sentences as appropriate?] This model fits well the emerging perspective of the city in that urban development is non-equilibrium. We first define a simplified planning environment in which there are only one planner and one actor with three worlds: the grand world, the planner’s world, and the actor’s world, the latter two being small worlds. The notion of small world was first proposed by Savage ( 1954 ) and provides a useful way of explaining planning behavior. In the small worlds, the planner and the actor simultaneously select optimal actions among a set in order to maximize their expected utilities. Due to the mathematical property of the small world notion, planning behavior thus defined can be formulated analytically so that the planning process can be depicted in a precise, concrete language. The model proposed in the present paper is normative in nature, emphasizing on how planning behavior should take place and providing insights into how that behavior actually does come about in reality. In its current formulation, the model is only a preliminary approximation of normative planning behavior, but prompts some research questions worth pursuing, such as how multiple planners and actors make and use plans in a more complex situation and what planning procedures would be effective through computer simulations in the face of complexity.
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Milojević, Staša. "Towards a More Realistic Citation Model: The Key Role of Research Team Sizes." Entropy 22, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080875.
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We propose a new citation model which builds on the existing models that explicitly or implicitly include “direct” and “indirect” (learning about a cited paper’s existence from references in another paper) citation mechanisms. Our model departs from the usual, unrealistic assumption of uniform probability of direct citation, in which initial differences in citation arise purely randomly. Instead, we demonstrate that a two-mechanism model in which the probability of direct citation is proportional to the number of authors on a paper (team size) is able to reproduce the empirical citation distributions of articles published in the field of astronomy remarkably well, and at different points in time. Interpretation of our model is that the intrinsic citation capacity, and hence the initial visibility of a paper, will be enhanced when more people are intimately familiar with some work, favoring papers from larger teams. While the intrinsic citation capacity cannot depend only on the team size, our model demonstrates that it must be to some degree correlated with it, and distributed in a similar way, i.e., having a power-law tail. Consequently, our team-size model qualitatively explains the existence of a correlation between the number of citations and the number of authors on a paper.
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Papoutsi, Chrysanthi, Karen Mattick, Mark Pearson, Nicola Brennan, Simon Briscoe, and Geoff Wong. "Interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing of doctors in training (IMPACT): a realist review." Health Services and Delivery Research 6, no. 10 (February 2018): 1–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr06100.
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BackgroundInterventions to improve the antimicrobial prescribing practices of doctors have been implemented widely to curtail the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, but have been met with varying levels of success.ObjectivesThis study aimed to generate an in-depth understanding of how antimicrobial prescribing interventions ‘work’ (or do not work) for doctors in training by taking into account the wider context in which prescribing decisions are enacted.DesignThe review followed a realist approach to evidence synthesis, which uses an interpretive, theory-driven analysis of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods data from relevant studies.SettingPrimary and secondary care.ParticipantsNot applicable.InterventionsStudies related to antimicrobial prescribing for doctors in training.Main outcome measuresNot applicable.Data sourcesEMBASE (via Ovid), MEDLINE (via Ovid), MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (via Ovid), PsycINFO (via Ovid), Web of Science core collection limited to Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (CPCI-S) (via Thomson Reuters), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database (all via The Cochrane Library), Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) (via ProQuest), Google Scholar (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) and expert recommendations.Review methodsClearly bounded searches of electronic databases were supplemented by citation tracking and grey literature. Following quality standards for realist reviews, the retrieved articles were systematically screened and iteratively analysed to develop theoretically driven explanations. A programme theory was produced with input from a stakeholder group consisting of practitioners and patient representatives.ResultsA total of 131 articles were included. The overarching programme theory developed from the analysis of these articles explains how and why doctors in training decide to passively comply with or actively follow (1) seniors’ prescribing habits, (2) the way seniors take into account prescribing aids and seek the views of other health professionals and (3) the way seniors negotiate patient expectations. The programme theory also explains what drives willingness or reluctance to ask questions about antimicrobial prescribing or to challenge the decisions made by seniors. The review outlines how these outcomes result from complex inter-relationships between the contexts of practice doctors in training are embedded in (hierarchical relationships, powerful prescribing norms, unclear roles and responsibilities, implicit expectations about knowledge levels and application in practice) and the mechanisms triggered in these contexts (fear of criticism and individual responsibility, reputation management, position in the clinical team and appearing competent). Drawing on these findings, we set out explicit recommendations for optimal tailoring, design and implementation of antimicrobial prescribing interventions targeted at doctors in training.LimitationsMost articles included in the review discussed hospital-based, rather than primary, care. In cases when few data were available to fully capture all the nuances between context, mechanisms and outcomes, we have been explicit about the strength of our arguments.ConclusionsThis review contributes to our understanding of how antimicrobial prescribing interventions for doctors in training can be better embedded in the hierarchical and interprofessional dynamics of different health-care settings.Future workMore work is required to understand how interprofessional support for doctors in training can contribute to appropriate prescribing in the context of hierarchical dynamics.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015017802.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Muppidi, Satish, Satya Keerthi Gorripati, and B. Kishore. "An approach for bibliographic citation sentiment analysis using deep learning." International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems 24, no. 4 (January 18, 2021): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/kes-200087.
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Sentiment analysis of scientific citations is a novel and remarkable research area. Most of the work on opinion or sentiment analysis has been suggested on social platforms such as Blogs, Twitter, and Facebook. Nevertheless, when it comes to recognizing sentiments from scientific citation papers, investigators used to face difficulties due to the implied and unseen natures of sentiments or opinions. As the citation references are reflected implicitly positive in opinion, famous ranking and indexing prototypes frequently disregard the sentiment existence while citing. Hence, in the proposed framework the paper emphasizes the issue of classifying positive and negative polarity of reference sentiments in scientific research papers. First, the paper scraps the PDF articles from arxiv.org under the computer science group consisting of articles that are comprised of ‘autism’ in their title, then the paper extracted cited references and assigns polarity scores to each cited reference. The paper uses a supervised classifier with a combination of significant feature sets and compared the performance of the models. Experimental results show that a combined CNN-LSTM deep neural network model results in 85% of accuracy while traditional models result in less accuracy.
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Pawlik, Joseph R., Tse-Lynn Loh, and Steven E. McMurray. "A review of bottom-up vs. top-down control of sponges on Caribbean fore-reefs: what’s old, what’s new, and future directions." PeerJ 6 (January 31, 2018): e4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4343.
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Interest in the ecology of sponges on coral reefs has grown in recent years with mounting evidence that sponges are becoming dominant members of reef communities, particularly in the Caribbean. New estimates of water column processing by sponge pumping activities combined with discoveries related to carbon and nutrient cycling have led to novel hypotheses about the role of sponges in reef ecosystem function. Among these developments, a debate has emerged about the relative effects of bottom-up (food availability) and top-down (predation) control on the community of sponges on Caribbean fore-reefs. In this review, we evaluate the impact of the latest findings on the debate, as well as provide new insights based on older citations. Recent studies that employed different research methods have demonstrated that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and detritus are the principal sources of food for a growing list of sponge species, challenging the idea that the relative availability of living picoplankton is the sole proxy for sponge growth or abundance. New reports have confirmed earlier findings that reef macroalgae release labile DOC available for sponge nutrition. Evidence for top-down control of sponge community structure by fish predation is further supported by gut content studies and historical population estimates of hawksbill turtles, which likely had a much greater impact on relative sponge abundances on Caribbean reefs of the past. Implicit to investigations designed to address the bottom-up vs. top-down debate are appropriate studies of Caribbean fore-reef environments, where benthic communities are relatively homogeneous and terrestrial influences and abiotic effects are minimized. One recent study designed to test both aspects of the debate did so using experiments conducted entirely in shallow lagoonal habitats dominated by mangroves and seagrass beds. The top-down results from this study are reinterpreted as supporting past research demonstrating predator preferences for sponge species that are abundant in these lagoonal habitats, but grazed away in fore-reef habitats. We conclude that sponge communities on Caribbean fore-reefs of the past and present are largely structured by predation, and offer new directions for research, such as determining the environmental conditions under which sponges may be food-limited (e.g., deep sea, lagoonal habitats) and monitoring changes in sponge community structure as populations of hawksbill turtles rebound.
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Karri, Jay, Sergio M. Navarro, Anne Duong, Tuan Tang, and Alaa Abd-Elsayed. "Exploration of Gender-Specific Authorship Disparities in the Pain Medicine Literature." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 45, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2019-100806.
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BackgroundGiven the readily increasing membership of the pain physician community, efforts toward correcting notable gender disparities are instrumental. The under-representation of women is particularly prevalent within leadership roles in academic medicine, thought to be driven largely by diminished research efforts. Consequently, we aimed to characterize gender differences among the highest impact pain literature.MethodsThe 20 highest cited articles per year from 2014 to 2018 were extracted from each of seven impactful journals affiliated to the largest pain medicine societies. Collected data from each article included genders of the first and last authors, the number of citations accumulated and the journal impact factor at the time of publication.ResultsAcross all considered literature, female authors were surprisingly not under-represented when considering the national prevalence of female pain physicians. However, more in-depth analysis found trends toward significance to suggest that female authorship was relatively diminished within more impactful and higher cited literature. When exploring gender–gender collaboration patterns, we found that male authors were favored over female counterparts with statistical significance; it must be noted that this likelihood analysis and preference toward male authors may be statistically obfuscated by the high prevalence of male authors. Nonetheless, these findings help to quantify overt, demonstrated disparity patterns. Of note, this inequity may also be fully secondary to the lower number of female pain physicians and/or those involved in research endeavors and decreased number of submissions from female physicians. Establishing gender discrimination patterns as causal factors in such disparities can be extremely challenging to determine.ConclusionIn our analysis of authorship between genders within the context of pain medicine literature, we found trends, although non-significant, toward women being lesser represented in the more impactful literature. We suggest that these inequities are possibly resultant of a markedly small and outnumbered female pain physician membership that has yet to achieve a critical mass and possible implicit gender biases that may restrict female authorship. However, further exploration and analysis of this issue are necessary to more clearly illuminate which systemic deficits exist and how they may, in turn, be corrected with cultural and macroscopic organizational-driven change.
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Song, Min, Nam-Gi Han, Yong-Hwan Kim, Ying Ding, and Tamy Chambers. "Discovering Implicit Entity Relation with the Gene-Citation-Gene Network." PLoS ONE 8, no. 12 (December 17, 2013): e84639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084639.
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REBUSCHAT, PATRICK, and JOHN N. WILLIAMS. "Implicit and explicit knowledge in second language acquisition—CORRIGENDUM." Applied Psycholinguistics 33, no. 4 (September 24, 2012): 857–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000306.
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There was an error in German Example (3b) on page 836 and an incorrect reference citation on page 853, both of which are reprinted herein. We regret these errors and any problems they may have caused.
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Gorcy, Gérard. "Citations explicites ou implicites, éléments de la mémoire sociale." Le médiéviste et l'ordinateur 22, no. 1 (1990): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/medio.1990.1292.
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Shtovba, S. D., and E. V. Shtovba. "A citation index with allowance for the implicit diffusion of scientific knowledge." Scientific and Technical Information Processing 40, no. 3 (July 2013): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0147688213030040.
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Kang, In-Su. "Recognition of Korean Implicit Citation Sentences Using Machine Learning with Lexical Features." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2015): 5565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.8.5565.
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Métailié, Georges. "Note à propos des citations implicites dans les textes techniques chinois." Extrême orient Extrême occident 17, no. 17 (1995): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/oroc.1995.1009.
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Tzoref, Shani. "Qumran Pesharim and the Pentateuch: Explicit Citation, Overt Typologies, and Implicit Interpretive Traditions." Dead Sea Discoveries 16, no. 2 (2009): 190–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851709x429256.
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AbstractQumran pesher is characterized as contemporizing exegesis of poetic/prophetic biblical texts. Previous research has focused upon pesher exegesis of works which later canonical tradition designates as "Latter Prophets" and of the book of Psalms, the dominant base-texts in pesharim. The current study surveys the use of the Pentateuch in Qumran pesher, examining instances of explicit citation, overt Pentateuchal typology, and implicit interpretive traditions. The most noteworthy attributes that emerge are the prominence of Deuteronomy and a strong reliance upon pre-existing exegetical traditions.
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Fiereck, Kirk. "After Performativity, Beyond Custom." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 26, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 503–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-8311829.
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This article explores how Black LGBTQ-identified and other gender nonconforming South Africans juxtapose the queer with the customary as they constitute forms of biofinancial personhood that are paradigmatic of capitalisms globally. These hybrid forms of personhood inadvertently index the secret normativities of so-called antinormative theories of performativity within Euro-American queer theory. Everyday South Africans foreground practices of cross-context citation in the register of “unsuccessful” performatives. Their experiences underscore Jacques Derrida’s diagnosis of the performative’s structure as irreducibly contingent; its structural rule is the possibility of the failure of the performative, rather than its success. The cultural milieus of postapartheid South Africa are also spaces where financial instruments like derivatives, social theory, and pharmaceuticals actively produce queer connections and contestations through the circulation of ostensibly universal subjects, be they the risk-bearing patient, the scholar, or the (biological) human. In South Africa, citational sexualities are performative of both constitutional and customary cultural spheres when juxtaposing multiple gender and sexual identities within hybrid forms of queer personhood. Through an examination of the figure of the gay woman—not a lesbian or trans subject but, rather, a gay man who is also, alternately a woman—the author argues that sexualities that bridge the paradoxical impasse between constitutional and customary cultural life are, like all performatives, first and foremost citational. Such citational sexualities are considered in clinical contexts where many Black gay women were coded as men who have sex with men in global health HIV science. In this vein, new forms of global biofinancial connectivity expressed by biomedicalizing risk-hedging practices, personhood, and subjectivities—what the author terms derivative subjectivity—implicitly depend on the suppressed presence of cross-cultural citationality of sexuality and gender that are customarily queer.
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Hilário, Rosângela Nogarini, Marina Célia Mendonça, and Alessandra Del Ré. "A citação da palavra de outrem em artigos de opinião: a variação linguística em foco (La citation du discours de l’autre dans les articles d’opinion: la variation linguistique en question)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v10i2.1184.
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Este artigo visa analisar as relações entre língua e poder implícitas nos discursos veiculados pela mídia escrita brasileira, em seu embate com o discurso científico, a partir da polêmica sobre os exemplos de variação linguística, presentes no livro didático Por uma vida melhor. Partimos das reflexões de Bakhtin e do Círculo sobre língua(gem). O corpus é composto pelos textos do jornalista Reinaldo Azevedo, publicados no site da revista Veja, no mês de maio de 2011. Pretendemos demonstrar que a forma como a palavra de outrem é citada não é aleatória, mas indica uma adesão ou não ao discurso alheio.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Polêmica. Variação linguística. Círculo de Bakhtin. Citação da palavra do outro. Artigos de opinião.RÉSUMÉ Cet article vise à analyser les relations entre la langue et le pouvoir, implicites dans les discours véhiculés par les médias écrits brésiliens en confrontation au discours scientifique, au sujet de la controverse sur les exemples de variation linguistique qui ont été presentés dans le livre didactique Por uma vida melhor. Nous nous basons sur les réflexions de Bakhtine et du Cercle. Le corpus est composé par des textes du jornaliste Reinaldo Azevedo publiés sur le site du magazine Veja en mai 2011. Nous cherchons à démontrer que les citations ne sont pas faites de manière aléatoire. Au contraire, elles traduisent l’adhésion ou non au discours de l’autre.MOTS-CLE: Polémique. Variation linguistique. Cercle de Bakhtine. Citation du discours de l’autre. Articles d’opinion.
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Westra, Haijo. "Références classiques implicites et explicites dans les écrits des Jésuites surla Nouvelle-France 1." Tangence, no. 92 (November 24, 2010): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044940ar.
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Cet article s’intéresse à la pratique de la citation implicite des sourcesclassiques dans les écrits latins des Jésuites sur le Canada, que l’on compare aveccelle de la citation explicite, en usage chez les mêmes auteurs dans les Relations qui, elles, sont écrites en languevernaculaire. L’analyse d’un poème latin figurant en tête du Journal des Jésuites permettra d’illustrer lepropos, en montrant en quoi l’inspiration virgilienne dont il procède met enparallèle la situation désastreuse de la mission jésuite en Nouvelle-France vers1650 avec celle des Troyens exilés dans l’Énéide de Virgile. Ce poème, dont la signification n’a pas étéreconnue jusqu’à ce jour, témoigne d’une sensibilité se démarquant tout-à-fait decelle qui s’exprime dans les Relations.
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Nylen, William R. "The demand for ‘critical research’ in a competitive authoritarian regime: think tanks in Mozambique." Journal of Modern African Studies 56, no. 2 (May 11, 2018): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000204.
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AbstractThink tanks in competitive authoritarian regimes are implicitly if not explicitly oppositional, producing and disseminating research critical of government policies and elite behaviour. Existing literature asks how and why such think tanks emerge and survive, and if they exercise real influence. This paper asks if anyone actually reads their critical research. Focusing on two cases in Mozambique – theInstituto de Estudos Sociais e Económicos(IESE) and theCentro de Integridade Pública(CIP) – three original data sets are examined: (1) citations in the bibliographies of end-of-programme theses of undergraduates in the political science, public administration, economics, and/or sociology departments of two of Mozambique's most important universities; (2) websites and Facebook activities – visits, downloads, etc.; and (3) citations in academic journals that publish on Africa. Findings show evolving demand for these think tanks’ research, suggesting their growing status within Mozambique and, by implication, within civil societies of similar competitive authoritarian regimes.
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Buckmaster, Dale. "INCOME SMOOTHING IN ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS LITERATURE PRIOR TO 1954." Accounting Historians Journal 19, no. 2 (December 1, 1992): 147–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.19.2.147.
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The origin of income smoothing in literature has been attributed to different authors in recent years. However, the attributions have been made based on research using a simple analysis of the term “income smoothing”. This study considers the modern concept of income smoothing rather than simply the term itself. Using this approach, income smoothing is either explicitly or implicitly recognized and discussed in literature long before the aforementioned authors. A lack of awareness has been the primary reason for modern income smoothing research overlooking the earlier literature on the subject. This awareness can be ascribed to weak citation analysis. Therefore, researchers should be more cautious in how they use citation analysis.
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Voracek, Martin, and Lisa Mariella Loibl. "Scientometric Analysis and Bibliography of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Research, 1998–2008." Psychological Reports 104, no. 3 (June 2009): 922–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.3.922-956.
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A scientometric analysis of modern research on the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a widely studied putative marker for prenatal androgen action, is presented. In early 2009, this literature totalled more than 300 publications and, since its initiation in 1998, has grown at a rate slightly faster than linear. Key findings included evidence of publication bias and citation bias, incomplete coverage and outdatedness of existing reviews, and a dearth of meta-analyses in this field. 2D:4D research clusters noticeably in terms of researchers, institutions, countries, and journals involved. Although 2D:4D is an anthropometric trait, most of the research has been conducted at psychology departments, not anthropology departments. However, 2D:4D research has not been predominantly published in core and specialized journals of psychology, but rather in more broadly scoped journals of the behavioral sciences, biomedical social sciences, and neurosciences. Total citation numbers of 2D:4D papers for the most part were not larger than their citation counts within 2D:4D research, indicating that until now, only a few 2D:4D studies have attained broader interest outside this specific field. Comparative citation analyses show that 2D:4D research presently is commensurate in size and importance to evolutionary psychological jealousy research, but has grown faster than the latter field. In contrast, it is much smaller and has spread more slowly than research about the Implicit Association Test. Fifteen conjectures about anticipated trends in 2D:4D research are outlined, appendixed by a first-time bibliography of the entirety of the published 2D:4D literature.
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Dragojlovic, Y. "AUTOINTERTEXTUALITY IN «PAVIĆ’S PRODUCTIONS»." Comparative studies of Slavic languages and literatures. In memory of Academician Leonid Bulakhovsky, no. 35 (2019): 216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2075-437x.2019.35.21.
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Reception of Pavić’s work is conducted per déjà vu principle – it is not just that the heroes, situations and motives travel from one text to another, but also fragments or entire stories can be found within the structure of larger works, all the while going through certain transformations (name changes with characters, shortening or downsizing of primary fragments, weaving them with leitmotifs etc.). Connections of “one’s own” and “one’s own” in creative opus of Milorad Pavić is shown through examples of self-citation and auto-allusions between Pavić’s poetry, prose and dramas is presented in this paper. Such autointertextuality confirms the functioning of literary reality of Pavić’s productions as conceptual entirety, so that actualisation of explicit and implicit connections between works widens the intertextual semantic field of writingreading, i.e. the intertext.
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Bertinetto, Pier Marco, Chiara Finocchiaro, and Clara Rastelli. "Looking for the Kennformen of the Italian verb paradigm. An experimental study." Acta Linguistica Academica 67, no. 2 (June 2020): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00015.
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AbstractIt is generally assumed that, within an inflectional paradigm, some forms are cognitively more salient than others. Although this effect is the result of various concomitant factors to which all forms of the given paradigm concur, the existence of salient forms is crucial to assist the speaker in predicting the remaining forms of the paradigm. The notion of ‘salient form(s)’ was implicit in the so-called Kennform(en) proposed by Wolfgang Ullrich Wurzel as inflectional class marker(s). A possible candidate to salience is the so-called citation-form, i.e. the form by means of which lexemes are referred to in a dictionary, but this should be checked on a language-by-language basis. The present paper addresses the task of defining the most salient form(s) within the Italian verb paradigm. By means of three lexical decision experiments, the performance on the Infinitive (the citation-form) was compared with the performance on its most likely competitors, i.e. the Present Indicative 3SG, which is the most frequent form of most verbs, and the Present Indicative 1SG, which is selected as citation-form in some lexicographic traditions. The results indicate that the Infinitive and the Present Indicative 3SG prevail over the Present Indicative 1SG – as well as on various other forms used as controls and fillers in the experiments – but do not differ from each other. This offers an interesting insight into the organization of a complex verb paradigm, such as the Italian one. In particular, it shows that salience depends on the interaction of various morphological and psycholinguistic factors, whose relative weight is a function of the specific language considered.
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Roden, David. "Subtractive-Catastrophic Xenophilia." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 16, no. 1-2 (December 28, 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v16i1-2.371.
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Subtraction is a critical method whereby a cognitively inaccessible reality is thought in terms of its inaccessibility or “subtraction” from discourse. In this essay I begin by considering the role of subtraction in Alain Badiou’s work, where the method receives its most explicit contemporary articulation. I then generalize subtraction beyond Badiou’s ontology to explore a productive aporia in posthumanist theory. The implicit subtraction of posthumanist epistemology and ontology, I claim, confronts theorists of the posthuman with an inescapable tension between their philosophical language and its deployment within the historical situation I call the “posthumanist predicament.” This reveals an equivalence between ontological subtraction and an empty compulsion to become what one cannot yet think, or “xenophilia.” That is, between a philosophy of limits that forecloses the thought of the posthuman (qua defined structure or subject) through subtraction and an implicit desire to construct or “become” this subtracted, unpresented posthuman.
Author(s): David Roden
Title (English): Subtractive-Catastrophic Xenophilia
Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 16, No. 1-2 (Summer - Winter 2019)
Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje
Page Range: 40-46
Page Count: 7
Citation (English): David Roden, “Subtractive-Catastrophic Xenophilia,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 16, No. 1-2 (Summer - Winter 2019): 40-46.
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Schaberg, David. "Remonstrance in Eastern Zhou Historiography." Early China 22 (1997): 133–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800003266.
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Remonstrances (jian 諫) reveal a great deal about the writing of history in China during the Eastern Zhou. As represented in the Zuozhuan and Guoyu, remonstrances, like other speeches, are normally delivered in court and address questions of official policy. They tend to test contemporary phenomena against the lessons of the past, especially as those lessons have been formulated in the Shijing, the Shangshu, aphorisms, and other forms of what I term “inherited speech.” Remonstrances also have the support of the third-person historical narrative which surrounds them; the ruler who ignores a remonstrance always suffers for his obstinacy. After briefly discussing the importance of speeches in the Zuozhuan and Guoyu, I outline the structure of a remonstrance and examine four passages in which critical speech, including remonstrance, is said to have circulated freely in the courts of an idealized early period. Next I show how remonstrances match observed historical particulars with fragments of inherited speech. The famous remonstrance of Gong zhi Qi, an exemplary episode, shows how this application of inherited speech guides rhetorical choices and establishes Traditionalist or Confucian terms as the keys to historical intelligibility. Finally, I examine a set of remonstrances which are exceptional in that they do not include overt citations of inherited speech. Among these, military remonstrances can genuinely eschew explicit citation of lessons of the past, while others borrow the authority of inherited speech without seeming to do so. In one case, a brief remonstrance has apparently acquired the status of an aphorism, so that already when it is first uttered it qualifies as a sort of inherited speech. In another case, a precursor of the indirect remonstrances (fengjian 諷諫) of later periods, remonstrators use a theatrical combination of actions and speech to criticize their superior's departure from correct ways. As texts in which the speakers (and behind them the authors) of the Zuozhuan and Guoyu state explicitly their understanding of historical causation, remonstrances make it possible for us to understand the ideals which operate implicitly throughout the narratives of these works.
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Bourbonnais, Nicole. "Angéline de Montbrun, de Laure Conan : oeuvre palimpseste." Études 22, no. 1 (August 29, 2006): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/201281ar.
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Résumé Depuis sa parution en 1884, le roman Angéline de Montbrun a suscité des lectures fort variées, d'ordre moralisateur, psychanalytique, formel ou féministe. Mais il est un aspect de l'oeuvre qui est resté relativement peu exploré, celui de sa littérarité. Pourtant, ce roman s'appuie autant, sinon davantage, sur un hors-texte littéraire que sur une réalité extra-textuelle. En effet, on y trouve de nombreuses citations, parfois identifiées mais le plus souvent implicites. Surtout, le roman entretient un rapport privilégié et constant avec son génotexte, le Journal d'Eugénie de Guérin. fe propose donc une lecture littéraire ¿¿'Angéline de Montbrun, oeuvre palimpseste, qui permettra d'éclairer la pratique intertextuelle de Laure Conan tant dans les liens établis avec des textes venus de divers horizons qu'avec fe Journal de son illustre devancière.
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Sidorenko, Konstantin Pavlovich. "QUOTES FROM THE FABLES OF IVAN ANDREEVICH KRYLOV IN RUSSIAN SPEECH (The 250-th anniversary of the birth)." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-238-255.
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The article is devoted to some questions of functioning of quotation units from I.A. Krylov’s fables (actually quotations, literary images, winged expressions and phraseological units created on their basis). The author's word is considered from the standpoint of intertext dynamics, taking into account the complex problems of intertext derivation associated with variation, normative mobility, frequency, segmentation, associative activity, polydiscursivity, diversity and inconsistency of illustrative contexts, types of intertextile contaminations on the background of the phraseological contamination. Intertexual energy of the fable, within the terms of the Russian verbal culture, directed from the source of morality as the foundation works to engage in explicit or implicit citation of the fragments, correlated with the narrative escorts, consequential historical events and the development of a variety of structuralsemantic paradigms and based on a specific organization of the units used. Description of intertext units can be focused on two ways of accounting and processing of material. First, it is an appeal to the “nuclear” part of the circle of verbal culture. The number of works of an author is usually relatively small, but a large number of authors themselves. In the dictionaries of the winged expressions as a whole is represented by about 50-60 dictionary entries of Krylov. Secondly, there may be publications on the intertext potential of one author, when taken into account almost all or almost everything that goes beyond the source text, the number of dictionary entries increases significantly, which allows to determine the status of the author’s idioms in the intertext picture of the world. In this case, it becomes possible to understand the citation in the broadest sense as the use of the author’s word outside the author’s text. The revised citation heterogeneous unity: idioms, actual quotes, often playing off of segments of these unities, literary images. Intertext dynamics is a functional condition for the life of this material. It is primarily numerous changes frazeological modeling, segmentation, dispersion, associative movement. It is significant that the past two centuries have shown consistent continuity and significant typological similarity in a series of endless uses of the fabled word Krylov.
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Roux-Faucard, Geneviève. "Intertextualité et traduction." Meta 51, no. 1 (May 29, 2006): 98–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012996ar.
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Résumé Le sens d’un texte ne se constitue pas uniquement dans sa relation à l’auteur et au lecteur (lecteur implicite, lecteur réel), mais aussi dans sa relation à d’autres textes. Rencontrées dans un texte à traduire, les traces intertextuelles (citations, allusions, références) posent un problème spécifique. Cette difficulté est particulièrement sensible lorsque le texte cité par l’original n’est pas familier à la culture d’accueil. Le traducteur peut se voir amené à intervenir par des pratiques explicitatives, risquant alors de modifier l’effet produit ou visé. Une autre solution consiste à privilégier la fonction du lien intertextuel ou à effectuer une adaptation. Par le jeu de l’intertextualité, chaque texte prend sa place à l’intérieur d’un vaste réseau. La seconde partie de l’article montre que le texte traduit y a, lui aussi, sa place, qui n’est pas la même que celle de son texte directeur. Le traducteur doit accepter cette donnée qui, loin de limiter la valeur d’une traduction, fait d’elle un texte vivant, autonome, et constitue peut-être la condition d’existence d’une « grande » traduction. Cette étude s’appuie sur différents exemples empruntés à la littérature allemande (Kafka, Fontane, Zweig), avec plusieurs traductions françaises et anglaises.
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Kitching, Karl. "Governing ‘Authentic’ Religiosity? The Responsibilisation of Parents beyond Religion and State in Matters of School Ethos in Ireland." Irish Journal of Sociology 21, no. 1 (May 2013): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.21.1.3.
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The aim of this paper is to advance scholarship on the governance of religious difference and its relationship to social reproduction, inclusion and exclusion, with specific reference to parenting, schooling and childhood. Rather ask ‘how does the state and religion govern religious pursuits?’, the focus of this paper is ‘how might parents’ and children's religious expressions be already implicated, or caught up in, the ordering and coordination of complex social systems?’ Drawing on Foucault's concept of governmentality, it analyses how the political rationalities of freedom of choice and diversity are deployed through media discourse. The paper traces an iterative process of producing a symbolically ‘new’ national space, which re-legitimises state (and more ‘discerning’ school patron) power in a marketised, global age. It argues that ‘Irish’ parents are evaluated in this imagined space in terms of their capacity to combine consumption and religious practices responsibly and authentically. In its implicit citation and elision of generational, classed and racialised hierarchies, the mediated, moral governance of responsible religious and ethical subjects, expressions and practices becomes clear. The paper concludes by noting the potential contribution of governmentality thinking to contemporary debates on religious and secular governance.
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Galati, Dario, Renato Miceli, and Marco Tamietto. "Emotions and feelings in the Bible: analysis of the Pentateuch's affective lexicon." Social Science Information 46, no. 2 (June 2007): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018407076653.
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English This study aims to investigate how affective states are described in the Old Testament. Three psychology researchers were asked to read the first five books of the first Italian version (from the 18th century) of the Old Testament (Pentateuch, or Torah) and to select all the terms that referred to an emotion or a feeling. For each selected term, they also had to pinpoint its position in the text (i.e. book, chapter) and the various characteristics of the affective episode in which it appeared (i.e. experiencing subject, situational antecedent, intentional object, instrumental behaviors). The textual analysis showed that the affective terms most frequently cited referred to four categories: “fear, awe”, “anger, hate”, “affliction, pain, sadness” and “love, joy, happiness”. These categories were significantly associated with specific instrumental behaviors and characters of the narration. Multivariate analysis also indicated that the frequency of citation of the affective categories varied significantly as a function of the book in which they appeared. In the conclusions, the authors discuss the conception of emotions and feelings issuing from the Pentateuch analysis. French L'article se propose d'analyser de quelle manière les expériences affectives sont décrites et évaluées dans la Bible. On a demandé à trois chercheurs psychologues de lire les cinq premiers livres de la première version italienne (du 18ème siècle) de la Bible (le Pentateuque, ou Torah) et d'y sélectionner tous les termes se référant à des expériences affectives (émotions et sentiments). Pour chaque terme sélectionné, ils devaient aussi indiquer sa position dans le texte (livre, chapitre) et les différentes composantes de l'épisode au cours duquel l'émotion ou le sentiment étaient expérimentés (le sujet qui expérimentait l'expérience affective, la situation qui la causait, l'objet intentionnel auquel elle se référait, le comportement réactif du sujet, l'évaluation morale de l'expérience). Les résultats de la sélection ont mis en évidence que les termes affectifs les plus fréquents se réfèrent à quatre catégories d'émotions, à savoir, dans l'ordre, la peur, la colère, la tristesse, la joie. Ces émotions sont expérimentées à des fréquences différentes par les principaux personnages de la narration (Dieu, les hommes, le Peuple d'Israël). L'émotion le plus souvent expérimentée par Dieu est la colère et par les différents personnages humains, la peur. Aucune évaluation morale négative quant aux expériences affectives n'émerge de l'analyse du texte. L'analyse multivariée met en évidence le fait que la fréquence des citations des catégories émotionnelles change sensiblement en fonction des cinq livres du Pentateuque. Dans leurs conclusions, les auteurs examinent la conception implicite des émotions et des sentiments qui semble émerger du Pentateuque.
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Drozdova, Anastasiia, and Vladimir Petrov. "Modern Classic in the Web Environment: Narrative Variations of V. Nabokov’s Lolita in Fanfiction." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 18, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausfm-2020-0005.
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AbstractThe main focus of this paper is on the narrative strategy used by fan writers in the process of interpretation of a modern classic. The research is based on the hypothesis that text-interpretation implements the existing yet implicit narrative lines of an original source. The discussion focuses on Vladimir Nabokov’s œuvre represented by the novel Lolita in amateur writers’ communities. The article’s hypothesis is that due to the existence of English and Russian versions of Lolita, fan texts in both corpora differ in the choice of linguistic means, but use similar narrative structures (Greimas). Whenever the narrative scheme is not oversimplified to resemble the model of a mass literature novel, it follows Humbert’s confession scheme in a way the character himself wants the fictional reader to perceive it. If the name of one of the actants is omitted or the two-actant model is expanded, the amateur text is close to the plot of the novel and its auto-citation structure. The novel, devoted to the story about an erroneous interpretation, is open to any mass-media adaptations. The original narrative strategy of Lolita is more exposed through the fan adaptations: the active reader is an obligatory participant in the artistic creation.
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Lockett, Andy, and Steve Thompson. "The resource-based view and economics." Journal of Management 27, no. 6 (December 2001): 723–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700608.
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This paper analyzes the link between economics and the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm. Although, historically there has been a strong link between the disciplines of strategy and economics, explicit citations of key RBV works has been disappointingly low in mainstream economics journals. However, there are substantial bodies of works that build implicitly on the ideas of the RBV, in particular the consequences of path dependency on firm behavior, to explain a number of different economic issues. The issues we review in the paper are all influenced by path dependency and include: (1) diversification and market entry, (2) corporate refocusing, and market exit, (3) explaining innovative activity among firms, (4) diversification and performance and (5) industry evolution with rapidly changing products. Furthermore, we identify a number of reasons that may have limited the explicit use of the RBV in economics, which include the problems of causal ambiguity, tautology and firm heterogeneity. Finally, potential areas for future research are identified, which include the interaction of the RBV and Agency Theory, the RBV as a dynamic theory, using the RBV to explain radical change and the application of the RBV to issues of antitrust.
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Marres, Noortje. "The Redistribution of Methods: On Intervention in Digital Social Research, Broadly Conceived." Sociological Review 60, no. 1_suppl (June 2012): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2012.02121.x.
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This paper contributes to debates about the implications of digital technology for social research by proposing the concept of the redistribution of methods. In the context of digitization, I argue, social research becomes noticeably a distributed accomplishment: online platforms, users, devices and informational practices actively contribute to the performance of digital social research. This also applies more specifically to social research methods, and this paper explores the phenomenon in relation to two specific digital methods, online network and textual analysis, arguing that sociological research stands much to gain from engaging with their distribution, both normatively and analytically speaking. I distinguish four predominant views on the redistribution of digital social methods: methods-as-usual, big methods, virtual methods and digital methods. Taking up this last notion, I propose that a redistributive understanding of social research opens up a new approach to the re-mediation of social methods in digital environments. I develop this argument through a discussion of two particular online research platforms: the Issue Crawler, a web-based platform for hyperlink analysis, and the Co-Word Machine, an online tool of textual analysis currently under development. Both these tools re-mediate existing social methods, and both, I argue, involve the attempt to render specific methodology critiques effective in the online realm, namely critiques of the authority effects implicit in citation analysis. As such, these methods offer ways for social research to intervene critically in digital social research, and more specifically, to endorse and actively pursue the redistribution of social methods online.
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Higgins, Wendy C., Wendy A. Rogers, Angela Ballantyne, and Wendy Lipworth. "Against the use and publication of contemporary unethical research: the case of Chinese transplant research." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 10 (July 1, 2020): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-106044.
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Recent calls for retraction of a large body of Chinese transplant research and of Dr Jiankui He’s gene editing research has led to renewed interest in the question of publication, retraction and use of unethical biomedical research. In Part 1 of this paper, we briefly review the now well-established consequentialist and deontological arguments for and against the use of unethical research. We argue that, while there are potentially compelling justifications for use under some circumstances, these justifications fail when unethical practices are ongoing—as in the case of research involving transplantations in which organs have been procured unethically from executed prisoners. Use of such research displays a lack of respect and concern for the victims and undermines efforts to deter unethical practices. Such use also creates moral taint and renders those who use the research complicit in continuing harm. In Part 2, we distinguish three dimensions of ‘non-use’ of unethical research: non-use of published unethical research, non-publication, and retraction and argue that all three types of non-use should be upheld in the case of Chinese transplant research. Publishers have responsibilities to not publish contemporary unethical biomedical research, and where this has occurred, to retract publications. Failure to retract the papers implicitly condones the research, while uptake of the research through citations rewards researchers and ongoing circulation of the data in the literature facilitates subsequent use by researchers, policymakers and clinicians.
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Hussain, Ijaz, and Sohail Asghar. "DISC: Disambiguating homonyms using graph structural clustering." Journal of Information Science 44, no. 6 (March 5, 2018): 830–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551518761011.
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Author name ambiguity degrades information retrieval, database integration, search results and, more importantly, correct attributions in bibliographic databases. Some unresolved issues include how to ascertain the actual number of authors, how to improve the performance and how to make the method more effective in terms of representative clustering metrics (average cluster purity, average author purity, K-metric, pairwise precision, pairwise recall, pairwise-F1, cluster precision, cluster recall and cluster-F1). It is a non-trivial task to disambiguate authors using only the implicit bibliographic information. An effective method ‘DISC’ is proposed that uses graph community detection algorithm, feature vectors and graph operations to disambiguate homonyms. The citation data set is pre-processed and ambiguous author blocks are formed. A co-authors graph is constructed using authors and their co-author’s relationships. A graph structural clustering ‘gSkeletonClu’ is applied to identify hubs, outliers and clusters of nodes in a co-author’s graph. Homonyms are resolved by splitting these clusters of nodes across the hub if their feature vector similarity is less than a predefined threshold. DISC utilises only co-authors and titles that are available in almost all bibliographic databases. With little modifications, DISC can also be used for entity disambiguation. To validate the DISC performance, experiments are performed on two Arnetminer data sets and compared with five previous unsupervised methods. Despite using limited bibliographic metadata, DISC achieves on average K-metric, pairwise-F1, and cluster-F1 of 92%, 84% and 74%, respectively, using Arnetminer-S and 86%, 80% and 57%, respectively, using Arnetminer-L. About 77.5% and 73.2% clusters are within the range (ground truth clusters ± 3) in Arnetminer-S and Arnetminer-L, respectively.
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Trabulsi, Dana Abdul Rahman, and Abdulfattah Abu Ssaydeh. "Intertextuality in Legislative and Private Legal Texts." International Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v13i1.18177.
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Intertextuality has always been examined narrowly in the legal sphere despite its paramount significance to the legal translation analysis and pedagogy. For quite some time, the notion of intertextuality was deemed as a literary tool that contributed significantly to the literary works of infamous authors, novelists and poets. Post to a wealth of research to substantiate the omnipresence of intertextuality in other disciplines in general and in legal texts in particular, findings have restricted the notion of intertextuality to quite few phenomena such as citation, cross references, legal judgments, quotations and assimilation. This study, on the other hand, is an attempt to bring other implicit forms of intertextuality in legal written texts to light, through providing evidence-based generalizations about the different forms of intertextuality that are, deliberately or inadvertently, omnipresent in legislative and private legal texts. The notion of intertextuality was broadened to include recurrent legal terminologies and salient syntactic features in contractual agreements. The rhetorical organization of several legislative texts, such as UAE Decree, UAE labor law and an executive order originated from the USA was also closely examined to establish the notion of intertextuality in the structure of such texts. The results revealed that contractual agreements share similar templates and rhetorical organization, and the same holds true for legislative texts. A set of legal terminologies were found to be commonly utilized in lease agreements, employment agreements and Power of attorneys despite their different origins. Finally, the uses of a number of syntactic features were rather remarkable in contractual agreements, such as the abundant use of modal verbs to express obligation and imply futurity.
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Kuznetsov, Evgenii B., Sergey S. Leonov, and Ekaterina D. Tsapko. "The Parametrization of the Cauchy Problem for Nonlinear Differential Equations with Contrast Structures." Mordovia University Bulletin, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 486–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201804.486-510.
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Introduction. The paper provides an analysis of numerical methods for solving the Cauchy problem for nonlinear ordinary differential equations with contrast structures (interior layers). Similar equations simulate various applied problems of hydro- and aeromechanics, chemical kinetics, the theory of catalytic reactions, etc. An analytical solution to these problems is rarely obtained, and numerical procedure is related with significant difficulties associated with ill-conditionality in the neighborhoods of the boundary and interior layers. The aim of the paper is the scope analysis of traditional numerical methods for solving this class problems and approbation of alternative solution methods. Materials and methods. The traditional explicit Euler and fourth-order Runge-Kutta methods, as well as the implicit Euler method with constant and variable step sizes are used for the numerical solution of the Cauchy problem. The method of solution continuation with respect to the best argument is suggested as an alternative to use. The solution continuation method consists in replacing the original argument of the problem with a new one, measured along the integral curve of the problem. The transformation to the best argument allows obtaining the best conditioned Cauchy problem. Results. The computational difficulties arising when solving the equations with contrast structures by traditional explicit and implicit methods are shown on the example of the test problem solution. These difficulties are expressed in a significant decrease of the step size in the neighborhood of the boundary and interior layers. It leads to the increase of the computational time, as well as to the complication of the solving process for super stiff problems. The authenticity of the obtained results is confirmed by the comparison with the analytical solution and the works of other authors. Conclusions. The results of the computational experiment demonstrate the applicability of the traditional methods for solving the Cauchy problem for equations with contrast structures only at low stiffness. In other cases these methods are ineffective. It is shown that the method of solution continuation with respect to the best argument allows eliminating most of the disadvantages inherent to the original problem. It is reflected in decreasing the computational time and in increasing the solution accuracy. Keywords: contrast structures, method of solution continuation, the best argument, illconditionality, the Cauchy problem, ordinary differential equation For citation: Kuznetsov E. B., Leonov S. S., Tsapko E. D. The Parametrization of the Cauchy Problem for Nonlinear Differential Equations with Contrast Structures. Vestnik Mordovskogo universiteta = Mordovia University Bulletin. 2018; 28(4):486–510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201804.486-510 Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 18-19-00474.
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Nielsen, Trine Kellberg, and Felix Riede. "On Research History and Neanderthal Occupation at its Northern Margins." European Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 506–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2018.12.
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Epistemology and research history significantly shape scientific understandings, debates, and publication strategies, albeit often implicitly. In Palaeolithic archaeology in particular, these factors are rarely examined in depth. Here, we present a historiographic analysis of how research history has influenced the debate concerning the possible Neanderthal occupation in Scandinavia. We provide a qualitative discussion of this contentious research field as well as a citation network analysis that visualizes, quantifies, and hence clarifies some of the underlying conceptual, geographic, and temporal patterns in the development of the debate. Our results show significant regionalism as a structuring principle driving this debate as well as a basic rift between professional and avocational archaeologists in how they interpret and publish the available data. We also identify a troubling lack of cross-referencing, even when taking language barriers into account. We argue that the debate about Neanderthal occupation in Scandinavia has been shaped (negatively) by the following phenomena: regionalism, nationalism, lack of research and researchers, non-cumulative work, publication in Nordic languages, science by press release/sensationalism, and a lamentable trend towards arguments ad hominem. In order to take this research field forward, we propose an epistemological turn towards a cumulative, international, and hypothesis-driven agenda based on renewed research efforts and novel citizen science tools.
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Jong van Lier, Quirijn de. "Revisiting the S-index for soil physical quality and its use in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000100001.
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The S-index was introduced in 2004 in a publication by A.R. Dexter. S was proposed as an indicator of soil physical quality. A critical value delimiting soils with rich and poor physical quality was proposed. At present, Brazil is world leader in citations of Dexter's publication. In this publication the S-theory is mathematically revisited and extended. It is shown that S is mathematically correlated to bulk density and total porosity. As an absolute indicator, the value of S alone has proven to be incapable of predicting soil physical quality. The critical value does not always hold under boundary conditions described in the literature. This is to be expected because S is a static parameter, therefore implicitly unable to describe dynamic processes. As a relative indicator of soil physical quality, the S-index has no additional value over bulk density or total porosity. Therefore, in the opinion of the author, the fact that bulk density or total porosity are much more easily determined than the water retention curve for obtaining S disqualifies S as an advantageous indicator of relative soil physical quality. Among the several equations available for the fitting of water retention curves, the Groenevelt-Grant equation is preferable for use with S since one of its parameters and S are linearly correlated. Since efforts in soil physics research have the purpose of describing dynamic processes, it is the author's opinion that these efforts should shift towards mechanistic soil physics as opposed to the search for empirical correlations like S which, at present, represents far more than its reasonable share of soil physics in Brazil.
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Asare, Masi. "Vocal Colour in Blue." Performance Matters 6, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1075800ar.
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This essay invokes a line of historical singing lessons that locate blues singers Bessie Smith and Ethel Waters in the lineage of Broadway belters. Contesting the idea that black women who sang the blues and performed on the musical stage in the early twentieth century possessed “untrained” voices—a pervasive narrative that retains currency in present-day voice pedagogy literature—I argue that singing is a sonic citational practice. In the act of producing vocal sound, one implicitly cites the vocal acts of the teacher from whom one has learned the song. And, I suggest, if performance is always “twice-behaved,” then the particular modes of doubleness present in voice point up this citationality, a condition of vocal sound that I name the “twice-heard.” In considering how vocal performances replicate and transmit knowledge, the “voice lesson” serves as a key site for analysis. My experiences as a voice coach and composer in New York City over two decades ground my approach of listening for the body in vocal sound. Foregrounding the perspective and embodied experience of voice practitioners of colour, I critique the myth of the “natural belter” that obscures the lessons Broadway performers have drawn from the blueswomen’s sound.
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Editorial, E. "Erratum: Dyson spheres (Serb. Astron. J. - 200 (2020), 1)." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 201 (2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj2001061e.
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In the paper by Wright (2020), due to an editing error, Footnote 2 contains an incorrect citation. The intended meaning of the relevant parts of the footnote is as follows: As detailed in Gray (2020), many authors who discuss an extension of Kardashev's scale to noninteger values cite Carl Sagan's book The Cosmic Connection (Sagan 1973a), which has no explicit equation but describes one implicitly with some characteristic values. Wright et al. (2014) incorrectly cite an Icarus article by Sagan (1973b), which discusses the integer version of the scale but not noninteger extensions. In Table 1, the definition of s should read: Probability a photon emitted by inner surface of the Dyson sphere does not immediately strike the star : : : On page 7 immediately after Eq. (25), the end of the sentence should be: : : : represents the probability that a photon emitted from or reected by the interior of the sphere in a random direction will not strike the star before it strikes the sphere again. Eq. (23) should have units of g/m2, not g/cm2. Similarly, on page 15, col. 2, line 13, the units should be g/m2 (consistent with correction for Eq. (23)), not g/cm3. <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the corrected article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/SAJ2000001W">10.2298/SAJ2000001W</a></b></u>
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Winkelmann, Carolin, Thomas Neumann, Jan Zeidler, Anne Prenzler, Bodo Vogt, and Frank K. Wacker. "Health Technology Assessments in Radiology in Germany: Lack of Demand, Lack of Supply." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 191, no. 07 (February 14, 2019): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0838-6253.
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Background Health technology assessments (HTAs) are an interdisciplinary method to support sustainable, evidence-based healthcare decisions. They systematically assess medical products, procedures, and technologies with respect to medical, economic, legal, social, and ethical aspects. Method This review analyzes the current use of HTAs in radiology in Germany and discusses challenges associated with HTAs. In particular, incentive structures of various players in the healthcare field involved in HTA implementation are considered for both the inpatient and outpatient sectors. Taking into account that the Joint Federal Committee (G-BA) has different authority between sectors ("ban reservation” for inpatients and “authorization right” for outpatients), we focus on the repercussions on reimbursement for new diagnosis or treatment methods by statutory health insurance companies. Results The G-BA’s authority implicitly creates a paradox in terms of incentives to implement and finance HTAs: in the outpatient sector HTAs are considered necessary to evaluate new medical services while players may not have sufficient incentive to implement and finance HTAs in the inpatient sector. Conclusion Characteristics of HTAs differ widely with respect to the items to be assessed. Therefore, an HTA for drug effectiveness is not easily transferable to radiological procedures. Within radiology, each method must be assessed individually (e. g. according to tumor stage). Despite these challenges, systematic compilation and critical assessment (regarding both cost and medical effectiveness) of available evidence should be a basic component of evidence-based radiology. As companies in healthcare fail to invest in studies that advance evidence-based radiology and considering the lack of incentive for such investments, public funding institutions need to accept the challenge to support studies that assess the benefit of radiological procedures. Key Points: Citation Format