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1
Koole, Sander L. The Psychology of Implicit Emotion Regulation. Psychology Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203723975.
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Bertsch, Katja, Harold Koenigsberg, Inga Niedtfeld, and Christian Schmahl. Emotion Regulation. Edited by Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel, and Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0007.
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This chapter describes the processes and systems implicated in regulation of emotion. Emotion regulation is an important topic in many fields of psychiatric disorders. According to the established model developed by Gross and colleagues, emotion regulation can be distinguished into antecedent-focused and response-focused emotion regulation strategies. This chapter reviews several implicit and explicit forms of emotion regulation including attention, habituation, and reappraisal. It describes multiple behavioral sequelae to emotion dysregulation such as avoidance and self-harm behaviors. The chapter synthesizes the evidence of altered emotion processing and regulation across multiple personality disorders and introduces emotion regulation as a target for psychotherapy for personality disorders.
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Mattavelli, Giulia, Alessia Celeghin, and Noemi Mazzoni, eds. Explicit and Implicit Emotion Processing: Neural Basis, Perceptual and Cognitive Mechanisms. Frontiers Media SA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88966-177-0.
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Jarrett, Michael, and Russ Vince. Psychoanalytic Theory, Emotion, and Organizational Paradox. Edited by Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.2.
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This chapter discusses the psychoanalytic foundations of organizational paradox. It argues that psychoanalytic theories offer a framework for the study of emotions in organizations and for the paradoxical tensions arising from emotions. It develops an analytical framework to discuss three core constructs of psychoanalytic thinking: unconscious emotions; defense mechanisms; and “the analytic attitude,” which is used to gain awareness of unconscious emotions, and as the basis of interventions to balance the contradictions (or paradoxical nature) of defense mechanisms. These constructs manifest in three dimensions of the workplace: among leaders, within groups, and in the organization itself. In the leadership dimension a new concept, the paradox of authority, to describe the tension between internal pulls and external roles that both support and undermine leadership, is introduced. It is shown how psychoanalytic theory can help to comprehend the power relationships embedded in implicit structures and their effects on organizational change.
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Durán, Juan I., Rainer Reisenzein, and José-Miguel Fernández-Dols. Coherence Between Emotions and Facial Expressions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0007.
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The phrase “facial expression of emotion” contains the implicit assumption that facial expressions co-occur with, and are a consequence of, experienced emotions. Is this assumption true, or more precisely, to what degree is it true? In other words, what is the degree of statistical covariation, or coherence, between emotions and facial expressions? In this chapter, we review empirical evidence from laboratory and field studies that speaks to this question, summarizing studies results concerning expressions of emotions frequently considered as “basic”: happiness-amusement, surprise, disgust, sadness, anger and fear. We provide general and separate emotion mean correlations and proportions as coherence estimates as using meta-analytic methods.
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Mathews, Andrew. Information-processing biases in emotional disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780192627254.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 discusses information-processing biases in emotional disorders, including the nature of information-processing in cognition and emotion, biases in information-processing (perceptual encoding, interpretation of meaning, implicit and explicit memory), automatic and controlled processing, content specificity, differences among disorders, the distinction between normal and abnormal mood, and links between research and treatment.
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Parkinson, Brian. Interpersonal Effects and Functions of Facial Activity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0023.
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This chapter discusses how and why facial activity affects other people. First, I distinguish three general functions relating to practical object-directed action, regulating interpersonal interaction, and coordinating two or more people’s orientations toward objects, events, or other people. Facial activity can also acquire secondary signal and symbolic functions, some of which relate to emotion communication. Second, I discuss interpersonal effects of gaze deriving from these functions. Gaze plays an important role in regulating social attention as a prior condition for many of facial activity’s other interpersonal effects, and in coordinating attention on referential objects at which orientations (including emotional orientations) are directed. Only some of these processes require decoding of emotional meanings. Finally, I discuss explicit and implicit processes underlying mimicry and social appraisal effects, concluding that facial activity other than gaze can also influence other people’s behavior in the absence of emotion attribution.
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Buhlmann, Ulrike, and Andrea S. Hartmann. Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0022.
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According to current cognitive-behavioral models, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a vicious cycle between maladaptive appearance-related thoughts and information-processing biases, as well as maladaptive behaviors and negative emotions such as feelings of shame, disgust, anxiety, and depression. This chapter provides an overview of findings on cognitive characteristics such as dysfunctional beliefs, information-processing biases for threat (e.g., selective attention, interpretation), and implicit associations (e.g., low self-esteem, strong physical attractiveness stereotype, and high importance of attractiveness). The chapter also reviews face recognition abnormalities and emotion recognition deficits and biases (e.g., misinterpreting neutral faces as angry) as well as facial discrimination ability. These studies suggest that BDD is associated with dysfunctional beliefs about one’s own appearance, information-processing biases, emotion recognition deficits and biases, and selective processing of appearance-related information. Future steps to stimulate more research and clinical implications are discussed.
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Fridlund, Alan J. The Behavioral Ecology View of Facial Displays, 25 Years Later. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0005.
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This chapter documents the twin origins of the behavioral ecology view (BECV) of human facial expressions, in (1) the empirical weakness and internal contradictions of the accounts proposed by basic emotion theory (BET) and particularly the neurocultural theory of Paul Ekman et al., and (2) newer understandings about the evolution of animal signaling and communication. BET conceives of our facial expressions as quasi-reflexes which are triggered by universal, modular emotion programs but require management in each culture lest they emerge unthrottled. Unlike BET, BECV regards our facial expressions as contingent signals of intent toward interactants within specific contexts of interaction, even when we are alone and our interactants are ourselves, objects, or implicit others. BECV’s functionalist, externalist view does not deny “emotion,” however it is defined, but does not require it to explain human facial displays.
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Hodges, John R. Distributed Cognitive Functions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749189.003.0001.
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This chapter discusses cognitive functions with a largely distributed neural basis within the framework of contemporary cognitive neuroscience. The following are described: arousal/attention, memory (short-term, or working memory; episodic memory; semantic memory; and implicit memory), and higher-order cognitive function such as planning, problem-solving and set-shifting, motivation, inhibitory control, social cognition, and emotion processing. Each function in placed in the context of its neural basis, with a brief description of the disorders that may affect these cognitive abilities. Methods of assessment at the bedside and by using neuropsychological tasks are also outlined.
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Kriegel, Uriah. Will and Emotion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791485.003.0008.
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Brentano offers a unified account of will, emotion, and pleasure/pain. In contemporary philosophy of mind, the theory of emotion and the theory of pleasure/pain are contentious areas featuring a bewildering variety of competing theories. The account Brentano offers, however, is not properly represented in either literature, and this chapter tries to make the case for its plausibility. Interestingly, the will, in particular desire, is not nearly as contentious in current philosophy of mind, and the account many accept, however implicitly, seems to be precisely Brentano’s. Accordingly, the chapter tries to leverage the evident plausibility of Brentano’s account of will to claim similar plausibility for his parallel accounts of emotion and pleasure/pain.
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Motowidlo, Steve, Harrison Kell, Kamalika Ghosh, and Michelle P. Martin. Implicit Trait Policies About Prosocial Professionalism. Edited by Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie, and Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.14.
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Prosocial elements of organizational citizenship behavior, contextual performance, citizenship performance, extra-role behavior, and organizational spontaneity are driven largely by beliefs about the importance of prosocial behavior for work effectiveness. These beliefs are a person’s prosocial implicit trait policy (ITP). We discuss recent theoretical and empirical work that develops the concept of prosocial ITP and tests hypotheses about relations between (a) prosocial ITPs; (b) their trait antecedents in agreeableness, benevolent values, social vocational interests, and emotional intelligence; and (c) their consequences for prosocial performance. Because prosocial action is especially critical in occupations that involve providing services and help to others, we focus primarily on management and administration, voluntary community service, medical practice, and legal practice. We review studies performed to develop measures of prosocial ITPs and test their relations with basic traits and prosocial performance. We also describe an effort to develop a generic measure of prosocial ITP.
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Meyer, Michel. The role of pathos: from argumentative responses to feeling and emotions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199691821.003.0010.
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Chapter 10 is devoted to the role of emotions or pathos. Pathos was the term ordinarily used to denote the notion of audience. For the first time since Aristotle, emotions receive a full role in a treatise on rhetoric. The responses of the audience are modulated by its emotions. What is their nature and how precisely do they operate? The areas of political and legal rhetoric are examined here in the light of an original view of the theory of distance: values at greater distance become passions at short distance, and this is one of the features which demarcates politics from law. Law and politics are not merely argumentative, nor are they entirely emotional. The norms they codify are often implicit in their shaping of our mutual expectations and behavior in the social world.
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Helm, Bennett W. Rationality, the Evaluative Attitudes, and Import. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801863.003.0002.
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Understanding communities of respect requires understanding evaluative attitudes like caring, valuing, loving, and respecting. This Chapter sketches the author’s existing background theory of how evaluative attitudes are constituted by rational patterns of emotions: to care about something, for example, is for it to be the focus of a rational pattern of emotions. Different kinds of evaluative attitudes are constituted by patterns of distinct types of emotions and, conversely, we can delineate types of emotions in terms of the sorts of rational patterns they form constituting distinct forms of evaluative attitudes. The result is a revisionist account of practical rationality, in particular of a rationality of import, in terms of a type of commitment implicit in the subject’s emotions and the normative implications of such commitments. This account of rationality and the relationship between evaluative attitudes and patterns of emotions will form the backbone of the account of communities of respect.
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Briesemeister, Benny, and Werner Klaus Selmer. Neuromarketing in der Praxis: Den Emotionen auf der Spur – implizite Kauftreiber erkennen und als Verkaufstreiber nutzen. Springer Gabler, 2020.
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Scheipers, Sibylle. From Small Wars to On War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799047.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 traces the lines from Clausewitz’s early intellectual engagement with small war to his magnum opus, On War. It shows how Clausewitz’s lifelong concern with the integration of reason and emotions/passion runs like a red thread through to his mature theory of war. In contrast to this continuity regarding the integration of reason and emotions/passion, Clausewitz’s thought on the role of people’s war evolved while he was writing On War. Whereas, in the reform years, people’s war had constituted an exceptional measure as a response to the exceptional situation of Napoleonic imperialism, in On War, people’s war became firmly integrated into Clausewitz’s theory of major war as the option of last resort to stave off conquest. As such, people’s war could even function as the custodian of the European balance of power. In this respect, Clausewitz proved to be an earlier (implicit) theorist of deterrence.
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Clarke, Katherine. Depth and Resonance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820437.003.0004.
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In this chapter Herodotus’ world is explored as a resonant landscape in three main ways. First, through the human emotions of admiration and wonder generated by Herodotus both in his authorial voice and through characters in the narrative in response to both natural and man-made marvels. Here the multiple focalizations bring complexity through their range of responses. Secondly, depth is brought by the dimension of time, as mythological associations of the landscape are revealed, particularly by the progress of the Persian army through locations famous from myth and epic. Finally, additional resonance is brought by Herodotus’ implicit or explicit drawing of geographical parallels, in which different parts of his world reflect their associations on each other.
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Rushdy, Ashraf H. A. The British Moral Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851972.003.0006.
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This chapter argues that British moralist philosophers of the eighteenth century—especially Joseph Butler and Adam Smith—developed a model of what resentment as a response to injury was, what it meant, what possibilities for moral behavior it bore, and what dangers to moral degradation it contained. The British tradition of philosophy about resentment focused on the emotion as one that could stimulate important social passions (especially the desire for justice) or one that could likewise become a brooding illness. What the British tradition implicitly assumed is that resentment could be expressed in and through individuals as a result of either personal injury to the self or public injury to others.
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Bruter, Michael, and Sarah Harrison. Inside the Mind of a Voter. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182896.001.0001.
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Could understanding whether elections make people happy and bring them closure matter more than who they vote for? What if people did not vote for what they want but for what they believe is right based on roles they implicitly assume? Do elections make people cry? This book invites readers on a unique journey inside the mind of a voter using unprecedented data from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, South Africa, and Georgia throughout a period when the world evolved from the centrist dominance of Barack Obama and Nelson Mandela to the shock victories of Brexit and Donald Trump. The book explores three interrelated aspects of the heart and mind of voters: the psychological bases of their behaviour, how they experience elections and the emotions this entails, and how and when elections bring democratic resolution. The book examines unique concepts including electoral identity, atmosphere, ergonomics, and hostility. The book unveils insights into the conscious and subconscious sides of citizens' psychology throughout a unique decade for electoral democracy. It highlights how citizens' personality, memory, and identity affect their vote and experience of elections, when elections generate hope or hopelessness, and how subtle differences in electoral arrangements interact with voters' psychology to trigger different emotions. The book radically shifts electoral science, moving away from implicitly institution-centric visions of behaviour to understand elections from the point of view of voters.
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Williams, David M., Ryan E. Rhodes, and Mark T. Conner. Overview of Affective Determinants of Health Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499037.003.0001.
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This chapter provides a brief introduction to the topic of affective determinants of health behavior. In doing so it analyzes each aspect of the book’s topic. It begins by outlining what is meant by “health behavior.” It then considers traditional views of the key determinants of such behaviors and the value of and need for integrating affective determinants within health behavior theories. Next, it offers a conceptualization of affective determinants in relation to health behaviors, including distinctions between/among (1) affect proper versus affect processing (the latter also known as affective judgments or cognitively mediated affect); (2) core affect versus moods and emotions; (3) integral versus incidental affect; and (4) anticipated affect, affective attitudes, implicit attitudes, and affective associations. It closes with a brief overview of measurement of affect in the context of health behavior research.
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Ma-Kellams, Christine, Julie Spencer-Rodgers, and Kaiping Peng. The Yin and Yang of Attitudes and Related Constructs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0013.
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Much of the literature has examined how dialectical thinking influences the self, emotions, and well-being. How does dialectical thinking affect valenced evaluations of objects outside of the self? This chapter argues that naive dialecticism shapes the internal consistency, cross-situational consistency, and temporal stability of attitudes and related constructs. It begins with a discussion of how dialecticism leads to greater attitudinal ambivalence or “both-valenced” (positive/negative) evaluations of a wide variety of phenomena. It then examines how dialecticism can explain the cultural variation in ingroup favoring versus ingroup derogating tendencies. The difference between cognitive versus affective components and implicit versus explicit levels emerge as important distinctions in elucidating cultural variation in group-based attitudes. The chapter continues with a discussion of how dialecticism can account for cultural differences in cognitive dissonance, intergroup attitudes and relations, and attitude flexibility and change, and topics for future research are proposed.
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Plantinga, Carl. Ethics and Character Engagement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867133.003.0011.
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An ethics of engagement demands that the critic understand the means by which stories are didactic and enlist affect in their implicit and explicit appeals. The ability of screen stories to elicit sympathies, antipathies, allegiances, and other responses to fictional characters is a key element in their aesthetic success and in the rhetorical “case” that they make. This phenomenon—let us call it “character engagement”—is didactic to the core; by cueing “pro” and “con” attitudes toward characters, storytellers manipulate point of view, encourage audience desires for various narrative outcomes, and elicit particular moral emotions. This chapter examines the phenomenon of character engagement, and argues that screen stories have the capacity to influence viewers by eliciting allegiances for characters in such a way that moral and other kinds of judgment become confused. It uses the film Legends of the Fall to make that point.
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Miller, Leta E. Looking to the Future. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038532.003.0008.
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This concluding chapter evaluates Aaron Jay Kernis's music. Critics have made much of his embrace of diversity, noting the influence of tonality and atonality, jazz, pop, and Baroque music, modernism and minimalism, intricate counterpoint and static ostinati—or as Mark Swed put it succinctly in 1995, “extravagance and eclecticism.” Kernis, however, resists the word eclecticism because implicit in it is the image of collage. Inclusivity, yes; a welcoming of diversity, certainly: but never with the aim of creating a static mixture, however bold it might be. Rather, Kernis's music—even in its slowest and most introverted manifestation—always emphasizes directionality. Moreover, the element of narrative is always present in his music. Hence the importance for Kernis of the motivating stimuli, be they political events, mosaics, life-cycle experiences, poetry, paintings, or simply an emotional state.
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Conoley, Collie W., and Michael J. Scheel. Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190681722.001.0001.
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Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy presents the first comprehensive positive psychology psychotherapy model that optimizes well-being and thereby diminishes psychological distress. The theory of change is the Broaden-and-Build Theory of positive emotions. The therapeutic process promotes client strengths, hope, positive emotions, and goals. The book provides the foundational premises, empirical support, theory, therapeutic techniques and interventions, a training model, case examples, and future directions. A three-year study is presented that reveals that Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy (GFPP) was as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapies, which fits the meta-analyses of therapy outcome studies that no bona fide psychotherapy achieves superior outcome. However, GFPP was significantly more attractive to the clients. Descriptions are provided of the Broaden-and-Build Theory, therapy goals based upon clients’ values and personal meaning (i.e., approach goals and intrinsic goals), identification and use of clients’ personal strengths (including client culture), centrality of hope and hope theory, the implicit theory of personal change or the growth mindset, and finally Self-Determination Theory. The techniques and interventions of GFPP as well as the importance of the therapist’s intentions during therapy are presented. GFPP focuses upon the client and relationship while not viewing psychotherapy as a set of potent scripted treatments that acts upon the client. Goal Focused Positive Supervision is presented as a new model that supports the supervisee’s strength-based self-definition rather than a pathological one or deficit orientation. Training that includes the experiential learning of GFPP principles is underscored.
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Farb, Norman A. S., and Kyle Logie. Interoceptive appraisal and mental health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0012.
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Interoception is the process of sensing the body’s internal state. An emerging neurobiological model supports the idea that subjective well-being is influenced by how physiological changes are detected and appraised. Contemplative interventions such as mindfulness training, which appear efficacious in reducing emotional distress, may operate by promoting curiosity and flexibility in this appraisal process. This chapter reviews evidence about the relationship between interceptive appraisal and mental health, including an account of how contemplative training modulates interoceptive networks to alter interoceptive appraisal tendencies. New measures are needed to distinguish the effects of appraisal tendencies from more implicit effects of physiological change. To support this endeavour, pilot data is introduced from a novel, respiration-focused task that experimentally manipulates interoceptive awareness, and by extension the need for interoceptive appraisal, within a given level of physiological arousal. Potential applications of this task for exploring the influence of interoceptive appraisal on affect, cognition, and behavior are discussed.
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Threadgold, Steven. Bourdieu and Affect. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206616.001.0001.
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A Bourdieusian contribution to studies of affect provides a more comprehensive understanding of the everyday moments that make, transform and remake the social contours of inequality, and how those relations are contested and resisted. By teasing out the affective elements already implicit in concepts like habitus, illusio, cultural capital, field and symbolic violence, this book develops a theory of affective affinities to consider how emotions and feelings are central to how class is affectively delineated along with material and symbolic relations. This includes theorising habitus as one’s history rolled up into an affective ball of immanent dispositions, an assemblage of embodied affective charges. Sketching fields as having their own affective atmospheres and structures of feeling, while considering everyday settings that the concept of field cannot capture. Drawing upon illusio, social gravity and social magic to unpack how the embodied nature of the forms of capital mean they operate in affective economies mediating transmissions of affective violence. The book concludes by critically engaging with aspects of social change due to the rise of reflexivity, irony and cynicism and proposing the figure of the accumulated being to challenge the dominance of homo economicus.
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Sang, Deborah Tze-lan. Eileen Chang and the Genius Art of Failure. Edited by Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.013.39.
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A favorite with critics intent on theorizing a female literature in Chinese, Eileen Chang’s works offer fertile ground for investigating the gender politics of representation. Ironically for one of the most acclaimed twentieth-century Chinese writers, Chang was obsessed with failure. Although failure is fascinating precisely because of its unpredictability—one can fall short of or deviate from the definition of success in such a multiplicity of ways that it is difficult to generalize—we can note that it is often through failure and a panoply of negative emotions that Chang calls gender and sexual norms into question. In another twist, Chang’s fascination with failure manifests itself as a repeated exploration of the romantic, moral, and political failings of the modern girl, an exploration that implicitly responds to the discourse on the shortcomings of the modern girl that ran rampant in the Chinese media throughout the 1930s–1940s.
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Dutton, Denis. Aesthetics and Evolutionary Psychology. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0041.
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The applications of the science of psychology to our understanding of the origins and nature of art is not a recent phenomenon; in fact, it is as old as the Greeks. Plato wrote of art not only from the standpoint of metaphysics, but also in terms of the psychic, especially emotional, dangers that art posed to individuals and society. It was Plato's psychology of art that resulted in his famous requirements in The Republic for social control of the forms and contents of art. Aristotle, on the other hand, approached the arts as philosopher more comfortably at home in experiencing the arts; his writings are to that extent more dispassionately descriptive of the psychological features he viewed as universal in what we would call ‘aesthetic experience’. Although Plato and Aristotle both described the arts in terms of generalizations implicitly applicable to all cultures, it was Aristotle who most self-consciously tied his art theory to a general psychology.
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Tripkovic, Bosko. The Metaethics of Constitutional Adjudication. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808084.001.0001.
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The book explores the metaethical foundations of value-based arguments in constitutional adjudication. The argument develops in four steps. First, the book identifies three dominant types of value-based arguments in comparative constitutional practice: the arguments from constitutional identity, common sentiment, and universal reason. Second, it examines the assumptions about the nature of moral value implicit in these arguments and subjects them to a critique. The book maintains that these arguments presuppose inadequate conceptions of value and fail as self-standing approaches to moral judgment. Third, the book develops an account of moral value and explains its practical consequences. It argues that a credible understanding of value suggests that the appropriate moral judgment emerges from the dynamics between practical confidence, which denotes the inescapability of the self and evaluative attitudes it entails, and reflection, which denotes the process of challenging and questioning these attitudes. Fourth, departing from this conception of value, the book reconstructs the existing value-based arguments of constitutional courts. It applies the notions of confidence and reflection to constitutional reasoning and shows how the arguments from constitutional identity, common sentiment, and universal reason can be combined to refashion the moral perspective of a constitutional court so that it coheres with a sound understanding of value. The book argues that the moral inquiry of the constitutional court ought to depart from the emotive intuitions of the constitutional community and then challenge these intuitions through reflective exposure to different perspectives in order to better understand and develop the underlying constitutional identity.
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Whittier, Nancy. Beyond Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190235994.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 shows how ideologically diverse activists and legislators converged around a narrow, single-issue opposition to child sexual abuse and defined it as a politically neutral issue. The chapter shows how three challenges to this consensus emerged and were resolved: a 1981 Republican attempt to kill CAPTA; 1992‒1996 feminist organizing around child custody cases and False Memory Syndrome Foundation attempts to weaken CAPTA; 2000 forward, expansions of sex offender registration and notification requirements. Narrow neutrality facilitated the passage of legislation and pulled policy toward criminal justice and away from feminist challenges to the patriarchal family and conservatives’ emphasis on preserving the traditional family. Federal engagement shifted over time from a focus on violence within the family to a focus on child pornography and the control of sex offenders; although framed in terms of dangerous strangers, the new focus affected the larger number of familial offenders as well. Legislators and advocates downplayed race and gender while constructing an implicitly white victim, producing predominantly white offenders because of the prevalence of familial abuse. Experiential and expert knowledge and shared emotional rituals produced and maintained narrow neutrality in Congress, activist and professional groups, and media representations.