Relevant bibliographies by topics / Implicit Price

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Implicit Price'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Implicit Price"

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Turner, Robert, Carlton M. Newton, and Donald F. Dennis. "Economic Relationships Between Parcel Characteristics and Price in the Market for Vermont Forestland." Forest Science 37, no. 4 (1991): 1150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/37.4.1150.

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Abstract An implicit price model is used to analyze the market for forestland in Vermont. Data were collected on physical and locational characteristics associated with a sample of recent sales (100-500 ac tracts). Least squares regression was used to identify marginal implicit prices of the characteristics. More than 46% of the variation in price per acre was explained by the set of characteristics and all significant characteristics influenced the price in the expected direction. Parcel size had little effect on price per acre; however, the presence of road frontage, the presence of open land, increases in population, proximity to major roads and ski areas, and lower taxes all contributed to higher prices. For. Sci. 37(4):1150-1162.
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Roy, Debarpita. "Housing demand in Indian metros: a hedonic approach." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 1 (2018): 19–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-04-2017-0041.

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Purpose This paper aims to understand housing demand of urban Indian households in terms of housing and household-level characteristics. Because a house is a bundle of certain characteristics which vary across houses, each characteristic has an implicit price. Finding this implicit price for certain important characteristics is the first objective of this study. The second objective of the paper is to compute the income elasticity and price elasticity of housing demand for these cities. Design/methodology/approach To achieve comparable estimates, household-level data from India’s National Sample Survey Organisation housing surveys for the years 2002 and 2008-2009 have been used. A hedonic price function is estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) and Box-Cox functional forms to estimate the implicit prices of housing characteristics. This exercise is attempted for owned and rented houses separately. Demand function required for computing the elasticities, uses the hedonic price index derived from the implicit prices and household characteristics. Findings The study finds housing demand to be income elastic and price inelastic for the six cities across both the time periods. Originality/value Firstly, this study includes housing characteristics such as individual access to drinking water, modern sanitation facility, separate kitchen, condition of the structure, existence of a road with street light and whether the house is in a slum or non-slum area in the hedonic price function. These variables were not used in any of the earlier studies pertaining to India. Secondly, it uses the Box-Cox non-linear form to derive the hedonic price function, a specification not used earlier. Thirdly, this is the first study analysing housing demand across the six largest Indian cities.
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Jordan, Jeffery L., R. L. Shewfelt, S. E. Prussia, and W. C. Hurst. "Estimating Implicit Marginal Prices of Quality Characteristics of Tomatoes." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 17, no. 2 (1985): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025139.

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AbstractA hedonic price function is developed for estimating the implicit prices for selected quality characteristics of fresh tomatoes at three points in the marketing season. The estimation of this function, proposed as a method of evaluating changes in the post-harvest system, is accomplished using a flexible functional form. Those quality characteristics that most affect the price of tomatoes can help determine the economic feasibility of alternative handling techniques or new technologies.
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Jacobsen, Lina Fogt, Nora Mossing Krogsgaard-Jensen, and Anne O. Peschel. "Shopping in Reality or Virtuality? A Validation Study of Consumers’ Price Memory in a Virtual vs. Physical Supermarket." Foods 11, no. 14 (2022): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11142111.

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This study validates a VR supermarket as a research tool by studying the influence of the food shopping setting on consumers’ price memory—an important antecedent for price comparisons in the purchase situation. In a quasi-experiment, two groups of consumers were given a shopping task in either a physical supermarket or a virtual reality supermarket setting. Upon task completion, participants’ explicit and implicit price memory was measured across three food product categories (pizza sauce, pasta, and dark chocolate). Results revealed no significant difference between the two settings, supporting the comparability between the VR shopping experience and the experience in the physical supermarket. The VR supermarket can therefore be a valid tool for studying consumer food choice behaviour in a shopping context. Further results show that explicit price memory is weaker compared to implicit price memory, that even prices are remembered better than odd prices, and that price memory follows the expected pattern in a VR supermarket as well. Finally, exploratory findings indicate that the feeling of physical presence and self-presence is relatively high for this particular VR supermarket, whereas social presence is weaker.
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Shang, Tiancheng, Kaiti Shang, Peihong Liu, Xiaotong Sun, and Xinxin Li. "Do implicit prices show differences in tourists’ valuation on hotel attributes in different time periods and different markets? A case of Beijing." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 15, no. 1 (2021): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-11-2019-0218.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the implicit prices of hotel attributes in different time periods and different markets. Design/methodology/approach With data from the travel meta-search engine, this paper chose 3- to 5-star hotels in Beijing’s central business district and use hedonic price models. Findings The results suggest that the attributes with significant implicit prices differ in different time periods; the same attributes with different implicit prices in different time periods; the same attributes with different implicit prices in different market segments. Originality/value This study may help to explain the different findings on the relationship between the attributes and room rates of Chinese star-rated hotels in different time periods, and will be useful in both revenue optimization efforts and the design of new hotels projects.
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Jordan, Jeffrey L., R. L. Shewfelt, S. E. Prussia, and W. C. Hurst. "Estimating the Price of Quality Characteristics for Tomatoes: Aiding the Evaluation of the Postharvest System." HortScience 20, no. 2 (1985): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.2.203.

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Abstract An important aspect in the fresh tomato market is the array of quality characteristics that affect value. This paper estimates implicit prices for quality factors of fresh tomatoes delivered at a terminal market. The study’s findings suggest a relationship between the implicit price of quality attributes and the cost of changes in the postharvest handling and distribution process.
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Bimbo, Francesco, Kristi Nico, and Emilio De Meo. "Assessing the Quality and Floral Variety Market Value: A Hedonic Price Model for Honey." Sustainability 17, no. 9 (2025): 3903. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093903.

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This study quantifies the market values, or implicit prices, of honey quality features (e.g., organic and origin information, package-related features) and floral varieties for supporting beekeepers in differentiating their products to escape from price competition characterizing the Italian honey market. The research employed a sample of sales data, 660 observations collected from the Italian market, and a hedonic price model, estimated via Ordinary Least Squares, to assess the implicit prices of honey characteristics. A high premium price was recorded for honey with added royal jelly and propolis, as well as for “100% Italian” honey. In contrast, moderate price premiums were recorded for Protected Designation of Origin and organic honey. Furthermore, the floral varieties used largely affected the product price: the highest premium prices were estimated for the Manuka, Kanuka, and Tawari floral varieties. Price premiums above +50% were estimated for floral varieties such as Strawberry tree, Pine, Cistus, Tree of Heaven, Sainfoin, Marruca, and Solidago. Results suggest that honey quality features and some floral varieties can effectively differentiate products, supporting beekeepers to achieve higher revenues. This study offers empirical evidence of the extent to which floral varieties and other product characteristics affect the market price of honey using a dataset of secondary data, with the aim to support producers to improve their competitive position in the market.
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MADAN, DILIP B. "EXECUTION COSTS AND EFFICIENT EXECUTION FRONTIERS." Annals of Financial Economics 07, no. 01 (2012): 1250002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010495212500029.

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Single period risks acceptable to the market at zero cost are modeled by a convex set of random variables leading to bid and ask prices that are trade size dependent. The theory of nonlinear expectations is employed to construct dynamically consistent sequences of bid and ask unit size prices that are size and trade date contingent. We then study the optimal design of spot and forward trading to minimize execution costs. Finally, we illustrate the construction of a two period execution cost frontier trading a decrease in execution costs for additional exposure to price risk. Most structured products already have prices that depend on the direction of the trade. Additionally markets already exist for large block trades with their own price structure that takes account of the time allowed for its execution. This paper outlines arbitrage free mechanisms for generating such price structures that could lead to automating quotation systems for such markets. Additionally, we describe the tradeoffs implicit in seeking to commit to trades now as opposed to assuming the price risk implicit in delaying commitments. Such an explicit analysis could lead to the development of optimal execution algorithms that economize on the level of price risk absorbed into the execution strategies.
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Guignet, Dennis, Charles Griffiths, Heather Klemick, and Patrick J. Walsh. "The Implicit Price of Aquatic Grasses." Marine Resource Economics 32, no. 1 (2017): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/689201.

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Ashour, Mervat A. S., and Rabee M. A. A. Belal. "A comparative study between organic farming and the traditional cultivation of some medicinal and aromatic plants in the New Valley Governorate." International Journal of Social Studies 3, no. 2 (2024): 63–81. https://doi.org/10.55627/ijss.003.02.0545.

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The policy analysis matrix for the fennel crop in organic agriculture in the New Valley Governorate indicates the average period (2019-2021), where the negative impact of both revenues and the total work element and the land rent, which was estimated at 0.69, 0.239, 0.919 thousand pounds/acre, while there is a positive impact for each of the requirements, the net return, which was estimated at 0.051 and 1.727 thousand pounds/acre, respectively. The nominal and effective protection factors and the cost of local resources for the cumin crop in organic agriculture in the New Valley Governorate during the period (2019-2021) indicate that the local price of a ton of cumin is greater than its price at the border, and this means that the cumin farmer gets only about 1.24% of the value produced at the global price, and this means that there are no implicit taxes borne by the survivor of the cumin crop. As for the fennel crop, the fennel farmer receives only about 2.09% of the value produced at the world price, which means that there are no implicit taxes borne by the fennel crop. The effective protection factor for cumin and fennel crops in organic agriculture in the New Valley Governorate during the period (2019-2021), for the cumin crop, the effective protection factor was about 0.76, meaning that the added value of the crop at local prices is less than its counterpart evaluated at shadow prices, which confirms that there are implicit taxes on the producers of the cumin crop amounted to about 0.24%. As for the fennel crop, the effective protection factor was about 0.84, meaning that the value added of the crop at local prices is lower than its counterpart evaluated at shadow prices, which confirms that there are implicit taxes. The results of the relative importance of the productive problems facing the farmers of medicinal and aromatic plants in the study sample also showed that the most important problems are low yield and low productivity, tenure fragmentation and small production.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Implicit Price"

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Swedberg, Kristen. "Examining Implicit Price Variation for Lake Water Quality." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105137.

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Hedonic models are used to estimate implicit prices for water quality in housing markets. Recent studies aggregate sales across large spatial areas in scaled-up models leading to a concern that these models may overlook regional heterogeneity in water-quality preferences. We estimate scaled-up hedonic models comprised of multiple states and individual states and investigate how observations from subregions can differ. We find that the scaled-up model results are driven by select subregions. The results of this study call into question hedonic models using data for large geographic regions where substantial differences may arise across housing markets.<br>M.S.<br>Water quality in lakes impacts the prices people pay for lakefront properties. However, these effects can vary across different housing markets. We study whether owners of lakefront properties throughout the northeast and upper Midwest are willing to pay the same amount for water in lakes. We find that in multi-state housing markets, the effects from one state can dominate the overall results and there is likely heterogeneity in preferences across housing markets.
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Chung, Man-tik Marvin. "Critical analysis of the implicit value of residential fitting-out work on residential property price." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37937716.

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Asadi, Mehrnoosh. "Evaluating the Economic Impact of Recreational Charter Fishing in Florida Using Hedonic Price and Economic Impact Analysis." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2547.

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Florida is the “Fishing Capital of the World”. With 3.1 million recreational anglers and total recreational fishing-related expenditures of $5 billion in 2011, Florida ranked first in the nation. Given the large benefits of recreational fishing in Florida, assessing the preferences of anglers is critical for sustaining the substantial benefits obtained from recreational fishing in Florida. The objective of this study is to estimate the value of fishing attributes using data on recreational fishing services offered by guides and outfitters. Hedonic price models are applied to estimate the implicit prices of fishing trip attributes and features. The estimated total economic impacts suggest that recreational fishing activities have added $151.19 million value to the economy of Florida and generated $69.73 million in total output. The results can be used by state and national policymakers for future policy design and management of this unique ecosystem service to ensure a sustainable economy.
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Kaloč, Jiří. "Hodnocení vlivu znečištění ovzduší na cenu bydlení v Praze." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149893.

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This thesis is aimed at the topic of economical evaluation of environmental goods, namely at estimating willingness to pay utilizing the hedonic price model. The theoretical part describes the impact air pollution has on the environment and human health. Methods of evaluation are also discussed with special attention on the hedonic approach. Goal of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of air pollution by applying the hedonic model to the real-estate market in Prague, thus giving the authorities a basis for their air pollution management.
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Elliott, Paul Harrison 1979. "An efficient projected minimal conflict generator for projected prime implicate and implicant generation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17766.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111).<br>Performing real-time reasoning on models of physical systems is essential in many situations, especially when human intervention is impossible. Since many deductive reasoning tasks take memory or time that is exponential in the number of variables that appear in the model, efforts need to be made to reduce the size of the models used online. The model can be reduced without sacrificing reasoning ability by targeting the model for a specific task, such as diagnosis or reconfiguration. A model may be reduced through model compilation, an offline process where relations and variables that have no bearing on the particular task are removed. This thesis introduces a novel approach to model compilation, through the generation of projected prime implicates and projected prime implicants. Prime implicates and prime implicants compactly represent the consequences of a logical theory. Projection eliminates model variables and their associated prime implicates or implicants that do not contribute to the particular task. This elimination process reduces the size and number of variables appearing in the model and therefore the complexity of the real-time reasoning problem. This thesis presents a minimal conflict generator that efficiently generates projected prime implicates and projected prime implicants. The projected minimal conflict generator uses a generate-and-test approach, in which the candidate generator finds potential minimal conflicts that are then accepted or rejected by the candidate tester. The candidate generator uses systematic search in combination with an iterative deepening algorithm, in order to reduce the space required by the algorithm to a space that is linear in the number of variables rather than exponential.<br>(cont.) In order to make the algorithm more time efficient, the candidate generator prunes the search space using previously found implicants, as well as minimal conflicts, which identify the sub-spaces that contain no new minimal conflicts. The candidate tester identifies implicants of the model by testing for validity. The tester uses a clause-directed approach along with finite-domain variables to efficiently test for validity. Combined, these techniques allow the tester to test for validity without assigning a value to every variable. The conflict generator was evaluated on randomly generated models; problems in which models with 20 variables, 5 domain elements each, were projected onto 5 variables. All projected prime implicates were generated from models with 20 clauses within 2 seconds, and from models with 80 clauses within 13 seconds.<br>by Paul Harrison Elliott.<br>S.M.
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Ball, Michael A. "Estimating probability distributions implicit in option prices /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00026903.pdf.

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Richard, Olivier. "Considérations adaptatives. Mesures explicites et implicites de l'anxieté de reblessure." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30024.

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L’anxiété de reblessure, cette appréhension à l’idée de se reblesser, fait partie des réactions psychologiques survenant suite à une blessure. La littérature scientifique n’a pour le moment fait état de cette dernière uniquement comme un facteur négatif qu’il faut prendre en charge. En effet, étudiée exclusivement chez les sportifs, elle semble être un obstacle lors de la rééducation et du retour au sport. Nous souhaitons adopter un autre point de vue et considérer le caractère adaptatif de cette émotion, en nous basant sur le caractère protecteur que nous connaissons de l’anxiété et ses tendances à l’action (l’évitement et l’inhibition). À travers cet ensemble de recherches, nous avons donc exploré le caractère bénéfique de l’anxiété de reblessure dans une population sportive, mais également non-sportive.Le document se déroule en 5 chapitres. Au cours du premier chapitre, nous faisons état de la littérature sur l’anxiété de reblessure. Puis dans un second chapitre, nous développons une mesure explicite de l’anxiété de reblessure. Un troisième chapitre explore les liens qu’entretiennent l’anxiété de reblessure et la prise de risque alors qu’un quatrième chapitre porte sur la mesure implicite de l’anxiété de reblessure et ses tendances automatiques à l’action. Enfin, un cinquième et dernier chapitre dans lequel nous discutons des résultats et de la prise en charge de l’anxiété de reblessure<br>Reinjury anxiety is a psychological reaction arising further to an injury. Currently, the scientific literature considers reinjury anxiety solely as a negativ emotion you have to deal with and make disappear. Fact is, reinjury anxiety seems to be an hindrance to reeducation and a potential trouble when restarting a physical activity. We would like to adopt another point of view and consider the adaptive aspect of this emotion. We know anxiety, as a defensive reaction, makes you prone to action (avoidance and inhibition) and therefore could also be used as a positive incentive. Through our researches, we explored the positive aspects and mechanisms of reinjury anxiety on sportsman and non-sportsman people.The file is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the academic work concerning reinjury anxiety. In a second chapter, we develop an explicit measure to reinjury anxiety. Chapter three explores the connections between reinjury anxiety and risk taking. The fourth chapter is related to the implicit measure of reinjury anxiety and its action readiness. Finally, in the fifth and last chapter, we discuss the results and the psychological treatment for reinjury anxiety
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Pšurná, Pavla. "Vývoj efektivních sazeb daní z práce v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72737.

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This diploma thesis deals with the effective taxation on labour in the Czech republic and compares these trends with the countries of the European Union on the basis of statistical data to Eurostat and the OECD. An effective tax rate is an indicator that measures actual tax burden on taxpayers. In the contrast with nominal rate, this indicator can take into account aspects of the tax system that affect the final tax. First, I deal closely with the indicators used to measure the tax distortion on labour. Emphasis is placed on the implicit tax rate created by Eurostat and which enables the comparison of the tax burden in the CR with the other member states of the Union. The next section gives an overview of the income tax reforms that took place in the CR since 1993. It follows the part of the analysis which compares the implicit tax rates on labour between EU member states. The last chapter describes the tax wedge which complements the analysis of implicit tax rates. I also investigate the impact of labour costs on the tax burden on taxpayers in the EU countries. The aim of this work is to analyze the development of effective tax rates on the labour in the Czech Republic from 1993 to present and identify causes of changes in comparison with EU countries.
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Tourret, Sophie. "Prime implicate generation in equational logic." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM006/document.

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Ce mémoire présente le résultat de mon travail de thèse sur la génération d'impliqués premiers en logique équationnelle fermée, i.e., la génération des conséquences les plus générales de formules logiques contenants des équations et des disequations entre termes sans variables. Ce mémoire est divisé en trois parties. Tout d'abord, deux calculs de génération d'impliqués sont définis. Leur complétude pour la déduction est prouvée, ce qui signifie qu'ils sont tous deux capables de générer l'ensemble des impliqués modulo redondance d'une formule équationnelle fermée. Dans une deuxième partie, une structure de données arborescente est proposée pour stocker les impliqués générés, accompagnée d'algorithmes pour déceler les redondances et couper les branches de l'arbre lorsque c'est nécessaire. Cette structure de données est adaptée aux différents types de clauses (avec et sans symboles de fonctions, avec et sans contraintes) ainsi qu'aux différentes notions de redondance utilisées dans les calculs. En effet, chaque calcul utilise un critère de redondance légèrement différent des autres. Les preuves de correction et de terminaison des algorithmes sont fournies pour chaque algorithme. Enfin, une évaluation expérimentale des différentes méthodes de génération d'impliqués premiers est réalisée. Pour cela, un prototype de ces méthodes, écrit en Ocaml est comparé à des outils de génération d'impliqués premiers récents.Les résultats de ces expériences sont utilisés pour identifier les variantes les plus efficaces des algorithmes proposés. Les résultats sont prometteurs et dans la plupart des cas, meilleurs que ceux de l'état de l'art<br>The work presented in this memoir deals with the generation of prime implicates in ground equational logic, i.e., of the most general consequences of formulae containing equations and disequations between ground terms.It is divided in three parts. First, two calculi that generate implicates are defined. Their deductive-completeness is proved, meaning they can both generate all the implicates up to redundancy of equational formulae.Second, a tree data structure to store the generated implicates is proposed along with algorithms to detect redundancies and prune the branches of the tree accordingly. This data structure is adapted to the different kinds of clauses (with and without function symbols, with and without constraints) and to the various formal definitions of redundancy used in the calculi since each calculus uses different -- although similar -- redundancy criteria. Termination and correction proofs are provided with each algorithm. Finally, an experimental evaluation of the different prime implicate generation methods based on research prototypes written in Ocaml is conducted including a comparison with state-of-the-art prime implicate generation tools. This experimental study is used to identify the most efficient variants of the proposed algorithms. These show promising results overstepping the state of the art
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Faivre, Catherine. "La décision implicite de l'administration en droit public français." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMD022.

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La décision implicite constitue une forme particulière d'acte administratif unilatéral. Elle donne un sens au silence de l'Administration. Cette notion recouvre deux réalités différentes. La décision implicite peut être appréhendée dans une perspective contentieuse. Il s'agit alors de pallier les inconvénient résultant du déni d'administration, les administrés ne pouvant accéder au prétoire en l'absence de décision préalable. La prise de conscience des pouvoirs publics de ce véritable privilège du silence au profit des autorités administratives les a conduits à reconnaître au silence gardé par elles une valeur négative. Dans cette hypothèse la décision implicite de rejet est un instrument de liaison de contentieux. La décision implicite peut également être appréhendée dans une perspective d'amélioration des rapports entre l'Administration et les administrés. Le silence sera alors considéré comme valant acceptation. Ainsi en est-il du permis de construire. Elle connaît un regain d'intérêt avec la loi du 12 avril 2000 relative aux droits des citoyens dans leurs relations avec les administrations. Ce texte a modifié certains aspects de son régime juridique (délai d'obtention, conditions de retrait. . . ) et tend à opérer un rapprochement entre la décision implicite de rejet et la décision implicite d'acceptation. Cette étude fait apparaître la décision implicite plus comme un moyen de simplifier et d'accélérer la procédure administrative que comme un moyen pour l'Administration de se soustraire à la légalité.
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Books on the topic "Implicit Price"

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Aït-Sahalia, Yacine. Nonparametric estimation of state-price densities implicit in financial asset prices. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Rady, Sven. State prices implicit in valuation formulae for derivative securities: A martingale approach. London School of Economics, Financial Markets Group, 1994.

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Bishop, Kelly C. Hedonic prices and implicit markets: Estimating marginal willingness to pay for differentiated products without instrumental variables. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011.

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Yu, Kam. Measuring the output and prices of the lottery sector: An application of implicit expected utility theory. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008.

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Wong, Khit. W. D. Gann Repeating Number Cycle - the Hidden & Implicit Mathematical Relationship Between Price Time (Book I). Lulu Press, Inc., 2018.

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Condition of Access. Praeger, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781639736539.

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Heller asserts that increased access to higher education institutions for lower income students must be established as a national priority--as an implicit promise to lower income families. This book clearly outlines the gap in college participation between rich and poor, stimulating discussion of barriers to postsecondary education for the most needy students. Price signals received by lower income students, as well as educational decisions those price signals are prompting, have potentially serious consequences. Heller asserts that increased access to higher education institutions for lower income students must be established as a national priority--as an implicit promise to lower income families. This book clearly outlines the gap in college participation between rich and poor, stimulating discussion of barriers to postsecondary education for the most needy students. A group of expert researchers, led by Donald Heller, use the most recent research available to discuss the state of access to America's higher education institutions for lower income students. They examine the postsecondary education patterns of lower income students in the U.S. Also considered is the status of student aid programs. Academic and social factors that help prepare a student to remain in the higher education system are considered, along with demographic trends facing the nation and recommendations for moving the country toward the ideals of the Truman Commission of the mid-twentieth century.
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Balas, Armelle Chanel. La prise de conscience de sa manière d'apprendre: De la métacognition implicite à la métacognition explicite. 1998.

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Schaberg, David. Classics (jing經). Редактори Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li та Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.12.

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Each of the texts and commentarial traditions known as the “Confucian” classics derives ultimately from Zhou dynasty models for speech and ritual behavior. Shijing (Classic of Poetry) includes both court liturgy and local popular song, Shangshu (Documents Classic) gathers speeches attributed to early rulers, Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Anna ls) assembles historical accounts and interpretations, the Classics on ritual (li) addresses fine points of ceremony and political order, and Yijing (Classic of Changes) offers a guide to divination and the connections between the natural and human worlds. Conceived of as a set and linked over time to the teachings of Confucius, the canon was adopted during the Han dynasty as the prime expression of China’s ideals for morality, education, administrative practice, and governance. As a rich literary corpus that had implicit legitimacy, the classics offered models both for particular literary styles and for an enduring order of textual expression and interpretation.
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Christian, Sam. Mohammad Bin Salman Promises Life to the Saudis, Not Murder As Alleged: Contenders for the Saudi Throne Killed Journalist Khashoggi to Implicate Crown Prince Bin Salman. Independently Published, 2018.

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Bédécarrats, Florent, Isabelle Guérin, and François Roubaud, eds. Randomized Control Trials in the Field of Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865360.001.0001.

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In October 2019, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer jointly won the 51st Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty." But what is the exact scope of their experimental method, known as randomized control trials (RCTs)? Which sorts of questions are RCTs able to address and which do they fail to answer? This book provides answers to these questions, explaining how RCTs work, what they can achieve, why they sometimes fail, how they can be improved and why other methods are both useful and necessary. Chapters contributed by leading specialists in the field present a full and coherent picture of the main strengths and weaknesses of RCTs in the field of development. Looking beyond the epistemological, political, and ethical differences underlying many of the disagreements surrounding RCTs, it explores the implementation of RCTs on the ground, outside of their ideal theoretical conditions and reveals some unsuspected uses and effects, their disruptive potential, but also their political uses. The contributions uncover the implicit worldview that many RCTs draw on and disseminate, and probe the gap between the method's narrow scope and its success, while also proposing improvements and alternatives. This book warns against the potential dangers of their excessive use, arguing that the best use for RCTs is not necessarily that which immediately springs to mind, and offering opportunity to come to an informed and reasoned judgement on RCTs and what they can bring to development.
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Book chapters on the topic "Implicit Price"

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Gass, Saul I., and Carl M. Harris. "Implicit price." In Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0611-x_442.

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Schmidt, Steffen, Sascha Langner, and Michael Schiessl. "Finding the Right Price: Exploring an Implicit Price Meter." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89883-0_81.

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Sugino, Makoto. "The Economic Effects of Equalizing the Effective Carbon Rate of Sectors: An Input-Output Analysis." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6964-7_11.

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Abstract The 2 °C target of the Paris Agreement has stimulated the implementation of carbon reducing policies such as carbon taxes and emission trading schemes, which explicitly applies a price on carbon emitting fuels. However, OECD (2016) reports that the effective carbon rate must be at least 30 Euros per ton of CO2. The effective carbon rate includes the implicit carbon price, e.g. energy taxes, along with the explicit carbon price. Previous studies have focused on the effects of explicit carbon prices. In this chapter, we will focus on the effective carbon rate and estimate the effects of carbon policies that increase the effective carbon rate to the 30 Euro threshold. We find that the short-term effect of a carbon tax that raises the effective carbon rate for all industries above 30 Euros will not only effect energy intensive industries, but also downstream industries that already have high effective carbon rates. Furthermore, we find that the carbon tax implemented in 2012 increase the average effective carbon rate, but increases the difference between taxed emitters and non-taxed emitters. Thus, tax exemption for energy intensive industries sacrifices economic efficiency.
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Schoenmaker, Dirk, and Willem Schramade. "Capital Market Adaptability, Investor Behaviour, and Impact." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35009-2_14.

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AbstractThe efficient markets hypothesis states that stock prices incorporate all relevant information instantaneously. However, investor behaviour is not always fully in line with theoretical predictions. The mechanism behind efficient markets is that a sufficient number of analysts pay attention to newly arriving information, judge it value relevant, and trade on that information. In that way, the new information gets priced in. But there is evidence that learning takes time and that adaptive markets are a better description than efficient markets. In particular, it seems that analysts have been slow to pick up sustainability-related information.Moreover, stock prices only reflect the effects of (sustainability-related) information on the financial value of companies. There is no ‘market’ (yet) for the diffusion of information on the social and environmental value (impact) of companies. New regulations, scientific research, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and ratings agencies do produce information on companies’ social and environmental impact. They create implicit markets on impact information and price-setting that are continuously evolving. These markets can be used to determine the willingness to pay for impact (and thus derive prices for impact). At the same time, a new breed of impact investors is emerging. These investors look for financial return (profit) as well as impact and may be willing to sacrifice some part of their financial return for higher impact.
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von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian, and Hagen M. Krämer. "Public Debt." In Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75031-2_6.

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AbstractMore than a third of private wealth in the OECD plus China region consists of entitlements to public retirement benefits. If the state covered these future obligations using a reserve fund, an insoluble problem of investment would arise. It is only by doing without reserve funds that the twenty-first century welfare state is compatible with price stability at non-negative real interest rates. In calculating government obligations according to the ADL method, statistical offices acknowledge the implicit public debt deriving from the retirement system. Systems of public health insurance and public nursing care insurance also generate considerable implicit public debt and corresponding private wealth. The TRILL system advocated by Robert Shiller can make an important contribution to stabilize the high public debt that will be necessary in the future at low real interest rates. We undertake an empirical estimation of the level of public debt in the OECD plus China region. To determine explicit public debt, we use data on net public debt from the International Monetary Fund. Implicit public debt is mainly comprised of the state’s capitalized financial obligations deriving from the public retirement system and public health insurance. Some statistical offices publish data on the retirement benefit entitlements that have accrued within social security systems. This data provides an important basis for our calculations. We estimate that total public debt in the OECD plus China region is equivalent to more than 600% of total annual consumption in the region.
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Godolja, Dante, Thomas Elmar Kolb, and Julia Neidhardt. "Unlocking the Potential of Content-Based Restaurant Recommender Systems." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58839-6_26.

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AbstractContent-based restaurant recommender systems use features such as cuisine type, price range, and location to suggest dining options to users. Current research explores ways to improve their effectiveness. In this work, we explore different ideas on how to build a recommender system. We explore TF-IDF as a baseline and the state-of-the-art model SBERT. These ideas are tested on a real-world data-set of a digital restaurant guide. Evaluation involves both qualitative assessment by a domain expert and quantitative analysis. The results show that, with proper preprocessing, TF-IDF can achieve similar scores to SBERT and, depending on the scenario, even better results. However, SBERT still provides more novel recommendations than TF-IDF. Depending on the scenario, both models can be used to generate meaningful restaurant recommendations. However, more implicit aspects like a restaurant’s atmosphere can hardly be captured by these models.
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Matusiewicz, Andrew, Neil V. Murray, and Erik Rosenthal. "Prime Implicate Tries." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02716-1_19.

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Janosi, Tibor, Robert Jarrow, and Yildiray Yildirim. "Estimating Default Probabilities Implicit in Equity Prices." In The Credit Market Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119201892.ch1.

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Murray, Neil V., and Erik Rosenthal. "Prime Implicates and Reduced Implicate Tries." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04125-9_22.

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Ribeiro, Tony, and Katsumi Inoue. "Learning Prime Implicant Conditions from Interpretation Transition." In Inductive Logic Programming. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23708-4_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Implicit Price"

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Zhou, Jingying. "Earnings Growth Potential Implicit in Price-Earnings Ratio." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/essaeme-17.2017.26.

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Janke, Tim, and Florian Steinke. "Probabilistic multivariate electricity price forecasting using implicit generative ensemble post-processing." In 2020 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pmaps47429.2020.9183687.

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"Transaction-Based Price Indices for Commercial and Office Land in Japan: Intertemporal Difference in Implicit Prices during Bubble Period." In 10th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2003. ERES, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2003_300.

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Öztürk, Serdar, Ali Sözdemir, and Özlem Ülger. "Inflation Targeting Approach: An Evaluation of the Application Process in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00619.

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As a result of many countries don’t provide the achievement as regards the satisfaction of the price stability between 1970 and 1990, the other targets and the stability programs aimed at these targets were put away and price stability as a point target was put forward in this process. In this context, inflation targeting approach has been formed as providing price stability and the fight against the inflation after 1990s. The first application of inflation targeting approach by the New Zealand in 1990 affected The Central Bank of Republic of Turkey (CBRT), because of positive impacts on many countries such as developing and developed countries. The results of Inflation targeting approach that has been applied by many countries following New Zealand's experience are positive. Thus, CBRT explained to take place inflation targeting of the point target in monetary policy at the beginning of 2002. Because Turkey don’t provide with the application set of the preconditions for this approach, CBRT decided to remove the elements that is restricting monetary policy and carried into practice "the implicit inflation targeting" until meeting this conditions. In the process of implicit inflation targeting approach, after the conditions related technical infrastructure was improved a new opinion, The CBRT announced to practice "the explicit inflation targeting" approach by the beginning of 2006.
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Borković, Aleksandra, Tatjana Botić, Pero Dugić, et al. "RELATIONSHIP OF QUALITY, PRICE AND TOILET SOAP CONSUMPTION." In INTERNATIONAL Conference on Business, Management, and Economics Engineering Future-BME. Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24867/future-bme-2024-106.

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The goal of the research was to identify the characteristics of soap according to the criterion of their importance for the consumer, that is, the customer, and to examine the interdependence of quality, price and consumer habits, that is, consumption. The first part of this research included the procurement and laboratory analysis of the quality of commercial soaps for washing hands on the domestic market. The second part of the research was a survey of the population to collect data based on which consumer habits and implicit values that consumers attach to toilet soaps were assessed. Also, the survey included key indicators of the consumer's living standard as an influencing factor in the consumer's decision when choosing any type of product and/or service. The research results show that consumers use liquid soap more often, and they make purchases mainly in consumer goods stores. Factors that show the greatest influence on the customer's decision when choosing soap are the ratio of quantity and price, price and the smell of the product. For the majority of consumers, the fact that the soap is made on a natural basis is of great importance, and about 70% of respondents are ready to spend more money on soap to contribute to the preservation of the environment. The obtained results can serve as a basis for developing a strategy for increasing the participation of this type of product in the market and consequently improving the quality of the manufacturer's business.
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Urbane, Biruta, Irina Plotka, Nina Blumenau, and Dmitry Igonin. "Measuring the Affective and Cognitive Bases of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Domestic and Foreign Food Brands." In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.024.

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The problem of accounting automatic affective and cognitive processes as bases for implicit attitudes towards brands, as well as methods for measuring them, is poorly developed. An analysis of previous research shows that the study of attitudes towards brands in terms of their affective and cognitive components is mainly carried out using self-assessment procedures. The aim of this research is to measure the affective and cognitive bases of implicit and explicit attitudes towards brands of domestic and foreign foods. Participants N = 131, aged 17-57 (Mdn = 31). Measures: specifically designed methodically balanced procedures for measuring implicit and explicit attitudes towards food brands: affective and cognitive implicit associative tests (IAT), Self-Concept IAT; emotional and cognitive explicit procedures and demographic questionnaires. The consistency of the results of implicit and explicit measurements is shown. The results of the measurements of implicit attitudes using three IAT procedures are related too. Using factor analysis, the independence of the constructs of explicit and implicit attitudes towards brands was confirmed, which is interpreted in terms of the theory of double attitudes. The greatest contribution to the implicit attitude, measured by the Self-concept IAT, is made by the cognitive component of attitude, which represents the implicit brand associations of domestic or foreign foods with attributes that characterize the price and quality of the foods. All implicit assessments obtained separately using the affective and cognitive procedures of the IAT, as well as the Self-concept IAT, testified in favour of the preference for foods of domestic brands. However, explicit assessments of the frequency of consumption of the brands under consideration did not reveal preferences for any of them. This discrepancy is seen not only as evidence of a possible ambivalent interaction between affective and cognitive associations, but also as an indication of the importance of future measurements of implicit assessments of instrumental associations that are the result of instrumental learning from consumers. This has the potential to improve the predictive validity of implicit measurements of brand attitudes and to better understand the structure of implicit consumer attitudes and the mechanisms of their influence on behaviour.
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"Measuring the Implicit Price Effect of Aircraft Noise on the Housing Environs of Adelaide International Airport, South Australia." In 9th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2002. ERES, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2002_152.

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Stojčevski, Dejan, Vladimir Stanojevic, Gabriella ,. Juhász, Rita Rahberger-Hódos, and Pierre Milon. "DEMONSTRATION OF INTRADAY MARKET COUPLING IMPLICIT AUCTION BETWEEN EU AND NON-EU COUNTRIES." In 36. Savetovanja CIGRE Srbija 2023 Fleksibilnost elektroenergetskog sistema. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre36.1725s.

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This paper presents the results of a demonstration of intraday market coupling between different market areas using an auction mechanism. The target model of internal European electricity market for Intraday trading foresees implicit allocations of cross-border capacities, which means that electricity and capacity are traded simultaneously. Intraday auctions (IDAs) will serve as complement to the continuous Single Intra-Day Coupling (SIDC). They will offer added value to existing practice as a new intraday product that fills up periods between day-ahead auctions and beginning of continuous trade, determines the cross-zonal capacity price and enables optimal market participants’ portfolio. The estimated go live of IDA in internal European market is expected during 2024. In this paper, described are the business process, products, relations between the involved entities, intraday market coupling benefits as well as the results of the experiment. The geographic area of the experiment covered Hungary (HUPX) and Serbia (SEEPEX), with Montenegro (BELEN) which played a role of an import-export zone. Like in Day-Ahead Market (DAM) auctions, the EUPHEMIA algorithm was used to solve the pricing problem as requested by the Regulation (ACER decision on Algorithm methodology). Two products were tested: 15 min MTU covering 12h of the current day, and 60 min MTU covering 24h of the following day. Both un-congested and congested test-cases were performed. The results clearly demonstrate that electricity market coupling between EU and Non-EU countries brings benefits to both sides. The paper also shows that small-size markets with lower intraday liquidity, or the markets that do not find business interest to implement full intraday market coupling using auction mechanism, still can access a liquid market that is coupled to integrated Pan-EU market.
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Dal, Abdurrahim, and Tuncay Karaçay. "Dynamics of Externally Pressurized Air Bearing With High Values of Clearance." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20131.

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Performance parameters such as critical speed and stability are affected by various design parameters such as supply pressure, clearance between shaft and rotor (air film thickness), bearing diameter and length etc. for externally pressurized gas lubricated bearing. Literature about effects of supply pressure is generally analyzed with clearances which are lower than 100 μm. Externally pressurized gas lubricated bearings with small clearance have some practical disadvantages such as difficulties in manufacturing process and price. So, externally pressurized air bearing may become widespread with usage of higher values of clearance in the bearing. However, there is limited number of study investigating the dynamics of externally pressurized air bearing with high values of clearance. In this study the effect of supply pressure was investigated on the dynamic of an externally pressurized gas lubricated bearing with increased clearance. The flow between shaft and rotor was modeled using Reynold’s Equation which is known fluid equation of motion. And this model was solved by Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) numerical solution method. Dynamics of the rotor was investigated for different elevated (increased) clearances.
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Higuchi, Hiroyuki, and Yusuke Matsunaga. "Implicit prime compatible generation for minimizing incompletely specified finite state machines." In the 1995 conference. ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/224818.224903.

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Reports on the topic "Implicit Price"

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Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, and Andrew Lo. Nonparametric Estimation of State-Price Densities Implicit in Financial Asset Prices. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5351.

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Bishop, Kelly, and Christopher Timmins. Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Estimating Marginal Willingness to Pay for Differentiated Products Without Instrumental Variables. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17611.

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Yu, Kam. Measuring the Output and Prices of the Lottery Sector: An Application of Implicit Expected Utility Theory. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14020.

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Coyle, William, Mark Gehlhar, Thomas Hertel, Zhi Wang, and Wusheng Yu. Understanding the Determinants of structural Change in World Food Markets. GTAP Working Paper, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp02.

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This study assesses the interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies. We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission --as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture-- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. This is due to the positive correlation between productivity changes and current levels of agricultural support. Increases in subsidized output under climate change tend to exacerbate inefficiencies in the global agricultural economy in the absence of market insulation. However, once agricultural subsidies have also been eliminated, price transmission via the global trading system contributes positively to economic adaptation under climate change. products. This may partially explain the relatively slow growth of world grain import demand in recent years. In addition, bilateral agreements with East Asia, NAFTA, and the evolution of the CAP, have all had important impacts on the structure of world food and agricultural trade. The objective of this paper is to assess the relative role of each of the major forces-- consumer demand, factor accumulation, transport costs, and policy change--in driving changes in the composition of world food trade in 1980-1995. To do so, we employ a modified version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model of world trade which permits us to isolate the contribution of each of these related factors to the changing composition of world food trade in a general equilibrium context. We evaluate the relative role of each of these factors by simulating the model backwards in time, from 1995 to 1980 under different assumptions. This general approach, termed “backcasting” (i.e. backwards forecasting), takes as exogenous the basic drivers of change and attempts to explain the resulting change in food trade composition. The model-produced changes in the composition of agricultural and food trade are compared with historical trade data, to determine the relative importance of each factor on the changing composition of food trade. Given limited space, our focus will be on explaining the changes in the global composition of food and agriculture trade. A natural follow-on effort would target specific markets in more detail. This type of backcasting approach was first employed by Gehlhar (1997) who sought to explain the shift in exports of primary commodities to manufactures in East Asia in the 1980's. He calibrated the GTAP model to 1992 data, then implemented shocks to factor endowments and economywide total factor productivity (TFP) in order to force each economy back to its 1982 levels of population, land, labor, human capital, physical capital and technology. By comparing actual and predicted changes in export shares in this period, he found human capital accumulation played a key role in explaining the change in the aggregate composition of East Asian exports. Gehlhar, Hertel and Martin (1994) built on this work in an effort to predict future changes in the pattern of agricultural trade from 1992-2002. They also emphasized the importance of supply-side determinants of agricultural trade. In this paper, we go beyond this earlier work in a number of ways. First, we focus on the composition of agricultural exports, rather than simply looking at the share of agriculture in total trade. Secondly, we incorporate the Cranfield et al. estimates of Rimmer and Powell’s recently developed, implicitly directly additive demand system (nicknamed AIDADS) into the GTAP model. This permits us to better capture the impact of demand-side changes on the pattern of global tr
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