Academic literature on the topic 'Implicit rules'
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Journal articles on the topic "Implicit rules"
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Davies, Martin. "Two Notions of Implicit Rules." Philosophical Perspectives 9 (1995): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2214216.
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Romero, Gorge A., Michael N. Pham, and Aaron T. Goetz. "The Implicit Rules of Combat." Human Nature 25, no. 4 (2014): 496–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-014-9214-3.
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DeKeyser, Robert M. "Learning Second Language Grammar Rules." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 17, no. 3 (1995): 379–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s027226310001425x.
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This is a report on a computerized experiment with a miniature linguistic system, consisting of five morphological rules and a lexicon of 98 words. Two hypotheses derived from the literature in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics were tested: that explicit-deductive learning would be better than implicit-inductive learning for straightforward (“categorical”) rules, and that implicit-inductive learning would be better than explicit-deductive learning for fuzzy rules (“prototypicality patterns”). Implicit-inductive learning was implemented by pairing sentences with color pictures; explicit-deductive learning was implemented by means of traditional grammar rule presentation, followed by picture-sentence pairing. The findings were in the expected direction for both hypotheses, but only the first one could be confirmed through statistically significant results.
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Kuhn, Gustav, and Zoltán Dienes. "Implicit Learning of Nonlocal Musical Rules: Implicitly Learning More Than Chunks." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31, no. 6 (2005): 1417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.6.1417.
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Davis, Howard. "Explicit Rules, Implicit Rules, and Formal Variation in Vernacular Building." Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture 4 (1991): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514221.
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Cordewener, Kim A. H., Anna M. T. Bosman, and Ludo Verhoeven. "Implicit and explicit instruction." Written Language and Literacy 18, no. 1 (2015): 121–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.18.1.06cor.
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This study examined the influence of implicit and explicit instruction for the acquisition of two types of Dutch spelling rules: a morphological and a phonological rule. A sample of 193 first grade, low- and high skilled spellers was assigned to an implicit-instruction, explicit-instruction, or control-group condition. The results showed that for both rules, students in the explicit condition made more progress than students in the control condition. For the morphological rule, students in the explicit condition had higher posttest scores on pseudo-words than students in the implicit condition. The effects of the three conditions were the same for low- and high-skilled spellers. Both low- and high-skilled spellers in the implicit and explicit condition did not fully generalize their knowledge of both rules to new and pseudo-words.
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Caragiannis, Ioannis, Swaprava Nath, Ariel D. Procaccia, and Nisarg Shah. "Subset Selection Via Implicit Utilitarian Voting." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 58 (January 16, 2017): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5282.
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How should one aggregate ordinal preferences expressed by voters into a measurably superior social choice? A well-established approach -- which we refer to as implicit utilitarian voting -- assumes that voters have latent utility functions that induce the reported rankings, and seeks voting rules that approximately maximize utilitarian social welfare. We extend this approach to the design of rules that select a subset of alternatives. We derive analytical bounds on the performance of optimal (deterministic as well as randomized) rules in terms of two measures, distortion and regret. Empirical results show that regret-based rules are more compelling than distortion-based rules, leading us to focus on developing a scalable implementation for the optimal (deterministic) regret-based rule. Our methods underlie the design and implementation of RoboVote.org, a not-for-profit website that helps users make group decisions via AI-driven voting methods.
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O. Pagan, Nicholas. "From C.Y. Lee to Shawn Wong: The Transnational Family and its Implicit Rules." Southeast Asian Review of English 58, no. 2 (2021): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sare.vol58no2.3.
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Employing the distinction between explicit and implicit rules as formulated by psychoanalytic theorist and philosopher Slavoj Žižek, this article examines the way in which challenges toward an initial rule-based fantasy take place within transnational families. In particular, the article employs an implicit, unwritten rules framework to assess the effect of transpacific migration on the institution of family within the Chinese American diaspora as represented in post-World War II fiction by Asian Pacific authors C.Y. Lee and Shawn Wong. Suggesting five implicit rules underpinning Chinese American families, the article examines Lee’s The Flower Drum Songto highlight early challenges to these rules before finding in Wong’s Homebasean unflinching adherence to an implicit rule concerning reverence for ancestors. Wong has the advantage of writing in the wake of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and of being in a position to trace more and more challenges to the initial fantasy following later waves of transpacific migration. His novel American Kneesis then shown to epitomize the implicit rules being stretched almost to breaking point as, for instance, the criteria for spouse selection becomes no longer Chinese or partially Chineseor even Asian or partially Asian but Americanization.
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Kemper, M. J., L. Verhoeven, and A. M. T. Bosman. "Implicit and explicit instruction of spelling rules." Learning and Individual Differences 22, no. 6 (2012): 639–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.06.008.
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Pelham, Brett W., Mauricio Carvallo, and John T. Jones. "Implicit Egotism." Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, no. 2 (2005): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00344.x.
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People gravitate toward people, places, and things that resemble the self. We refer to this tendency as implicit egotism, and we suggest that it reflects an unconscious process that is grounded in people's favorable self-associations. We review recent archival and experimental research that supports this position, highlighting evidence that rules out alternate explanations and distinguishes implicit egotism from closely related ideas such as mere exposure. Taken together, the evidence suggests that implicit egotism is an implicit judgmental consequence of people's positive self-associations. We conclude by identifying promising areas for future research.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Implicit rules"
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Chan, Ka-wai Ricky, and 陳嘉威. "Implicit learning of L2 word stress rules." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4961793X.
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In the past few decades, cognitive psychologists and linguists have shown increasing research interest in the phenomenon of implicit learning, a term generally defined as learning of regularities in the environment without intention and awareness. Some psychologists regard implicit learning as the primary mechanism for knowledge attainment and language acquisition (Reber, 1993), whereas others deny the possibility of learning even simple contingencies in an implicit manner (Lovibond and Shanks, 2002). In the context of language acquisition, while first language acquisition is essentially implicit, the extent to which implicit learning is relevant to second language acquisition remains unclear. Empirical evidence has been found on the implicit learning of grammar/syntactic rules (e.g., Rebuschat & Williams, 2012) and form-meaning connections (e.g., Leung & Williams, 2011) but little investigation of implicit learning has been conducted in the realm of phonology, particularly supra-segmental phonology. Besides, there is still no consensus on the extent to which implicit learning exhibits population variation.
This dissertation reports three experiments which aim to 1) address the possibility of learning second language (L2) word stress patterns implicitly; 2) identify relevant individual differences in the implicit learning of L2 word stress rules; and 3) improve measurement of conscious knowledge by integrating both subjective and objective measures of awareness. Using an incidental learning task and a two-alternative forced-choice post-test, Experiment 1 found evidence of learning one-to-one stress-to-phoneme connections in an implicit fashion, and successfully applied the process dissociation procedure as a sensitive awareness measure.
Experiment 2 found implicit learning effect for more complicated word stress rules which involved mappings between stress assignment and syllable types/types of phoneme, and integrated verbal reports, confidence ratings and inclusion-exclusion tasks as awareness measures. Experiment 3 explored potentially individual differences in the learning of L2 word stress rules. No correlation was found between learning of L2 word stress and working memory, processing speed and phonological short-term memory, supporting the belief that involvement of working memory in implicit learning is minimal, and the view that different stimuli/task-specific subsystems govern different implicit learning tasks. It is concluded that L2 word stress rules may be learnt implicitly with minimal individual variations.<br>published_or_final_version<br>English<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Cock, Josephine Judy. "Implicit learning : number rules and invariant features." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320132.
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Pfeifer, Lexie Y. "Facilitative Implicit Rules and Adolescent Emotional Regulation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4415.
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Research has linked emotional regulation to the adaptive functioning of adolescents. Further research suggests that family processes, which include implicit rules, impact children's emotional regulation. The current study examined the impact of implicit rules that are facilitative of family connectedness on development of adolescents' emotional regulation. Data came from the Flourishing Families Project (FFP), a seven-year longitudinal study measuring family processes that impact adolescent development. The sample was collected in the northwestern United States and consisted of 500 families with a target child between the ages of 10 and 14 years. Participants filled out self-report measures on implicit family rules and emotional regulation. Data was organized in a cohort sequential design and analyzed using latent variable growth curve modeling. Results indicated that there was no statistically significant growth in emotional regulation across the adolescent years. Results further indicated that initial status of facilitative rules did not have a statistically significant effect on growth in emotional regulation. Finally, growth in facilitative rules was found to have a statistically significant impact on growth in emotional regulation. Clinical implications for work with adolescents and families are discussed.
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Kuhn, Gustav. "Implicit learning of non-local rules in music." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402018.
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Wolfgramm, Mallory Rebecca. "Implicit Family Process Rules Specific to Eating-Disordered Families." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6266.
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Family environment is a significant factor in the development of eating disorders in young-adult females. Clinical experience, research and theories about eating disorders indicate that constrictive implicit process rules within a family are correlated with eating-disordered families. This study identified implicit family process rules that are unique to eating-disordered families and how well these rules predict membership in eating-disordered and non-eating-disordered families. One hundred and two families (51 eating-disordered and 51 comparison families) participated in the study. Mothers, fathers, young-adult female children, and siblings in each family completed the Family Implicit Rules Profile (FIRP). The design included cluster analysis of all 85 rules to determine which implicit rules clustered in eating-disordered families, and discriminant analysis to determine how well the rules from the cluster analysis predicted membership in the groups of eating-disordered vs. control families. Results indicated that two clusters emerged related to eating-disordered families. The first included rules regarding inappropriate protection of parents (ex. "Protect your parent even if they do not deserve it"), not upsetting or inconveniencing parents, the triangulation of a child (eg.. "Listen to a parent when they complain about the other parent"), avoiding pain at any cost, and blaming self for others' anger. Cluster 2 included rules about appearances (eg,. "Do whatever you have to do to look good to others") and rules about keeping family matters private. Discriminant analysis showed that these 15 implicit family rules predicted membership in either the eating-disordered or the non-eating-disordered family groups with 93% accuracy. Implications for family therapy are discussed.
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Crane, Jeffrey Paul. "Family Implicit Rules, Shame, and Adolescent Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4163.
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This exploratory cross-sectional study examined the relationship between implicit family process rules and adolescent prosocial and antisocial communication behaviors. Data came from two-parent families in wave 5 of the Flourishing Families project which consisted of 322 families (fathers, mothers and children ages 13-17). Both observational and questionnaire data were used in data collection. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed using observational codes from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales (Melby, et al., 1998). Each of the family members' perceptions were used to assess constraining family rules and facilitative family rules. Findings showed a direct positive relationship between facilitative family process rules and pro-social communication and a negative relationship with antisocial communication. Constraining family process rules were also positively related to antisocial communication behaviors in adolescents. Shame was a significant mediator of the relationship between facilitative family rules and prosocial behavior as well as between constraining family rules and antisocial behavior. Implications for family therapy practice are discussed.
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Lam, Ngo-shan Alision, and 林傲山. "Implicit learning of tonal rules in Thai as a second language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47869963.
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Implicit learning is the learning of underlying regularities hidden in the
environment without the learner being conscious of what is being learnt.
First language acquisition in young children is essentially implicit
(Krashen, 1982), but the role of implicit learning in second language
acquisition is debatable.
Previous research on learning of tonal languages focused on perception
and identification of language tones in relatively explicit settings, and
showed that tonal language experience may not help with learning a new
tonal language in an explicit setting (So & Best, 2010; Wang, 2006). Yet,
little research was done on the implicit learning of language tones, and on
whether prior tonal language experience plays a role in such implicit
learning.
In this study, simplified Thai tonal rules were used as a learning target to
investigate if implicit learning of such rules is possible. Implicit learning
performance among native tonal language speakers with no knowledge of
Thai, non?tonal language native speakers who have learnt/have been
learning tonal languages other than Thai, and non?tonal language
speakers with little knowledge of tonal languages were compared.
Results showed that the native tonal language group implicitly learnt the
target, and some trends of learning were found in the tonal language
learner group, but not in the tonal language na?ve group. This advantage
of tonal language experience over the learning of tonal patterns suggested
that tonal language experience can be transferable to the learning of a new
tonal language in implicit settings. This suggested that, rather than being
hindered by their prior linguistic experience, learners with some tonal
language background may benefit from implicit settings when learning a
new tonal language.<br>published_or_final_version<br>English<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Gergely, Noémi. "Implicit family process and couples rules : a comparison of American and Hungarian families /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1437.pdf.
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Feinauer, Ian David. "The Relationship of Implicit Family Process Rules to Adolescent Presentation of Psychological Systems." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1328.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Marriage and Family Therapy, 2006.<br>Title of electronic copy: Relationship of implicit family process rules to adolescent presentation of psychological systems. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-76).
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Mauzy, Mark J. "Family Implicit Rules, Child Self Regulation, and Observed Child Emotional Responsiveness to Parents." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3409.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how implicit family process rules are related to observed child emotional responsiveness with child self regulation as a possible mediating variable. Data from Wave 1 of the Flourishing Families project was used and included 337 two parent families and a target child between the ages of 10 and 13. Mother and father perception of family implicit rules were used to measure family implicit rules; child and mother report of the child's self regulation were used to measure self regulation, and child's emotional responsiveness to mother and father were taken from coding data. The Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales (Melby, et. al., 1998) were used to code the behavior of the child with mother and with father. Multiple Group Comparison using AMOS 16 was used to compare differences based on child gender. Results showed that family implicit rules were positively related to emotional responsiveness to mother for both sons and daughters and to emotional responsiveness to father for sons but not for daughters. Family implicit rules were positively related to child self regulation for both sons and daughters, and self regulation was related to both emotional responsiveness to mother and to father. Results indicated child self regulation significantly mediated the relationship between family implicit rules and emotional responsiveness to mother as well as the relationship between implicit rules and emotional responsiveness to father. Implications for family therapy are discussed.
Books on the topic "Implicit rules"
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McNamara, John Kennedy. Implicit and explicit functions in the acquisition of a phonics rule in the word recognition of learning disabled and non learning disabled students. Faculty of Education, Brock University, 1997.
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W. D. Gann Implicit Rules of Trend - WD Gann Mechanical Trend Trading System. Lulu Press, Inc., 2017.
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Miriam, Goldby. Part I How Practices Become Norms: The Continued Development of Shipping Law, 3 Enforceability of ‘Spontaneous Law’ in England: Some Evidence from Recent Shipping Cases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757948.003.0003.
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This chapter analyses the process of rule-making in the maritime transport industry. It uses the term ‘spontaneous law’ to refer to norms that emerge as a result of regular and repeated interactions among participants in shipping networks, interactions that create common understandings as to how contractual obligations undertaken are to be performed. The rule-making activity results in a combination of articulated or expressed rules that are enforceable directly as a result of the formation of a valid and binding contract; and unexpressed (or implicit) understandings that form part of the contractual context and that supplement the expressed rules. The context within which these unarticulated rules come into existence is a commercial network of contractual relationships. The chapter engages with the pragmatic question of how and to what extent these unarticulated rules will be enforced by the courts in the resolution of a dispute, focusing on the courts of England and Wales.
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Guen, Olivier Le. Managing epistemicity among the Yucatec Mayas (Mexico). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0010.
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Many studies have supported the idea that human interaction relies on cooperation and joint action, implying that everyday communication has primarily a social motivation. According to Grice, interlocutors are expected to meet the informational needs of their interactional partner(s) in both accuracy and informativeness. However, conversional principles incompatible with Grice’s maxims have been found to be implicitly applied in traditional societies from Madagascar, the Pacific Islands, and Mesoamerica. This chapter considers the management of epistemicity among the Yucatec Mayas of Mexico, focusing on the function and use of evidential particles and the broader cultural context into which they fit. Another is to present the implicit rules that adults and children follow to evaluate and endorse claims of knowledge. Such rules might explain why Yucatec Mayas tend to be linguistically accurate in stating and evaluating knowledge sources. Because they expect others to lie or withhold information, they constantly monitor how their and others’ assertions and information are shared.
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Pober, Maria. Redefining the Hypernym Mensch:in in German. Rowman & Littlefield, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978721500.
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Redefining the Hypernym Mensch:in in German: Gender, Sexuality, and Personhood examines how the verbalization of ‘human’ in gender normative terms results in implicit exclusion. Situated in the tension between traditional rules and progressive language use, this book criticizes the heteronormativity of masculine hypernyms and argues for the adoption of gender-inclusive linguistic practices.
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Nagarajan, Vijaya. Embodied Mathematics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170825.003.0007.
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This chapter introduces ethnomathematics and discusses the multiple relationships between the kōlam and mathematics. Some of these mathematical properties align with women’s implicit framing knowledge of the kōlam. These ritual patterns are relevant to four key mathematical aspects: symmetry, fractals, array grammars and picture languages, and infinity. This chapter presents the concept of embodied mathematics and argues that Chandralekha’s choreographies embody the three dimensional kōlam. The dot kōlams and the square kōlams are symmetrical. Using geometric algorithms, mathematicians have found that the kōlam is created by transforming and superimposing basic subunits into fractals. Picture languages use sets of basic units combined with formal rules to make larger and seemingly infinite patterns, which computer scientists use for programming computer languages. The kōlam’s connection to infinity serves as a vehicle for auspiciousness. This chapter also discusses how Chandralekha’s choreographies expand the two-dimensional kōlam into three dimensions.
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Vanderschraaf, Peter. A Limited Leviathan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199832194.003.0006.
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The state social contract relationship between rulers and the ruled in civil society is fruitfully understood as a governing convention. This relationship is modeled with an indefinitely repeated Humean Sovereignty game, where subjects and their sovereign maintain a governing convention by respectively obeying and providing adequate government. The ruled and their rulers maintain an implicit contract that is self-enforcing rather than an explicit contract requiring third-party enforcement. This model is motivated by the Trust problem in game theory and dynamic programming models of employment search. The governing convention idea has roots in Hume’s discussions of government. The closely allied Leadership Selection problem has roots in Hobbes’ account of commonwealth by institution. Hobbes’ original analysis fails, but his general strategy of justifying government by identifying an isomorphism between an actual regime and the regime of hypothetical choice motivates justifying democratic government via the salience of a democratic leadership convention.
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VanCour, Shawn. Making Radio Talk. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497118.003.0006.
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This chapter considers emerging forms of radio speech developed for formats ranging from scheduled talks to professional announcing. Disrupting established styles of public speaking, radio offered rich subject matter for the new discipline of speech communication, which helped to formalize new rules favoring a well-modulated delivery with restrained, natural speech and careful control over rate, pitch, and enunciation. Three larger sets of cultural tensions impacted these emerging announcing practices: (1) tensions surrounding a standardized national speech movement and its implicit regional, gender, and class biases; (2) concerns over an emergent culture of personality that informed debates on desired degrees of formality and informality in radio speech; and (3) long-standing concerns over disembodied communication-at-a-distance exacerbated by radio’s severing of voices from speakers' physical bodies. Resulting efforts to discipline the radio voice spurred important shifts in period voice culture that resonated across fields from rhetoric and theater to film and phonograph entertainment.
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Weinrib, Jacob. Sovereignty as a Right and as a Duty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922542.003.0003.
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The organizing principle of Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy is that each person has a basic right to equal freedom. This principle poses a challenge to the very possibility and purpose of sovereignty. It poses a challenge for the possibility of sovereignty because that idea divides persons into rulers and ruled and empowers the former to change the normative situation of the latter by conferring rights, powers, and immunities, or even imposing coercible obligations. But if each person has a right to equal freedom, how could sovereignty—with its attendant division of persons into ruler and ruled—be possible? Kant’s answer is that sovereignty is possible because it is constitutive of the condition in which private persons interact with one another on terms of equal freedom. Such an approach gives Kant resources both to explain how sovereignty can be justified to those bound by it and to deny that every organization that has a monopoly on violence exercises sovereignty. The right to equal freedom also has significant ramifications for thinking about the kinds of purposes that sovereign power may serve. Implicit in the justification of the sovereign’s right to exercise public authority is an overarching duty to bring the legal order as a whole into the deepest possible conformity with its own animating principle, equal freedom. Thus, Kant’s account of how sovereignty is possible culminates in an account of the duty that accompanies its exercise.
Book chapters on the topic "Implicit rules"
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Hegner, Stephen J., and M. Andrea Rodríguez. "Implicit Representation of Bigranular Rules for Multigranular Data." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98809-2_23.
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Timmermans, Bert, and Axel Cleeremans. "Rules vs. Statistics in Implicit Learning of Biconditional Grammars." In Perspectives in Neural Computing. Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0281-6_19.
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Shepherd, Dean A., Holger Patzelt, and Nicola Breugst. "Simple Rules for Entrepreneurial Decision-Making." In 66 Simple Rules for Entrepreneurs. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62032-4_4.
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AbstractThis chapter offers simple rules for entrepreneurial decision-making. These simple rules are: entry decisions are complex, so time them right; if you think you do not have implicit biases, you are probably wrong (we all do), so set up procedures to circumvent them; reduce your overconfidence in making predictions; while slack is nice, necessity can be the mother of innovation; when you lack information to make decisions, turn to what you have at hand; if you want to capture fleeting opportunities, then speed up your decision-making; and decision analysis will only get you so far, tap into your inner child to ask questions.
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Murali, Adithya, Lucas Peña, Christof Löding, and P. Madhusudan. "A First-Order Logic with Frames." In Programming Languages and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_19.
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AbstractWe propose a novel logic, called Frame Logic (FL), that extends first-order logic (with recursive definitions) using a construct $$\textit{Sp}(\cdot )$$ Sp ( · ) that captures the implicit supports of formulas— the precise subset of the universe upon which their meaning depends. Using such supports, we formulate proof rules that facilitate frame reasoning elegantly when the underlying model undergoes change. We show that the logic is expressive by capturing several data-structures and also exhibit a translation from a precise fragment of separation logic to frame logic. Finally, we design a program logic based on frame logic for reasoning with programs that dynamically update heaps that facilitates local specifications and frame reasoning. This program logic consists of both localized proof rules as well as rules that derive the weakest tightest preconditions in FL.
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Ramanujam, Rangaraj. "The Effects of Top Managers’ Organizational Reliability Orientation." In Compliance and Initiative in the Production of Safety. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45055-6_6.
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AbstractThe implicit theories that top managers hold about organizational reliability potentially exert strong effects on how frontline employees approach the task of managing reliability and, hence, on reliability-linked outcomes. Specifically, such implicit theories (“orientation” for short) can be thought of as varying along a continuum ranging from modular at one end to systemic at the other. A more modular orientation leads to a stronger organizational emphasis on strict compliance, whereas a more systemic orientation emphasizes local initiative by enabling employees to go “above and beyond” formal rules when appropriate. I describe the two ends of the continuum and their implications for organizational reliability. I then point out recent trends that warrant a shift toward a systemic orientation across industries and discuss some initial implications for research and practice.
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Giorgi, Alberta, and Hande Eslen-Ziya. "Contestation of Science, Post-truth Regimes and Emotions: A Review." In Science Communication and Trust. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1289-5_4.
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Abstract This chapter delves into the significant role of emotions in contemporary epistemic conflicts, particularly within the online realm. Exploring the implicit norms and expectations governing emotional expression, known as “feelings rules”, uncovers valuable insights into the underlying power dynamics at play. Hence, it underscores the necessity of examining how emotions are moderated within online groups and the impact of societal structures on emotional expression, pointing out the gendered and racialised nature of feeling rules. By understanding the role of digital platforms in influencing emotional expression and interactional dynamics, this chapter suggests that we can gain deeper insights into the mechanisms of epistemic conflicts and misinformation spread. Contemporary epistemic conflicts are characterised not only by the increased accessibility to science-related discussion through the web, but also by the active role of politics—and, particularly, far-right actors. The chapter argues that focusing on how emotions circulate, on how the feeling rules towards science are established in online epistemic conflicts, and on the role of political actors would be particularly fruitful, because doing so enables us to analyse the transformations in the public attitudes towards science, as well as the social and political implications of these transformations.
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Cohen, Liron. "Non-well-founded Deduction for Induction and Coinduction." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_1.
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AbstractInduction and coinduction are both used extensively within mathematics and computer science. Algebraic formulations of these principles make the duality between them apparent, but do not account well for the way they are commonly used in deduction. Generally, the formalization of these reasoning methods employs inference rules that express a general explicit (co)induction scheme. Non-well-founded proof theory provides an alternative, more robust approach for formalizing implicit (co)inductive reasoning. This approach has been extremely successful in recent years in supporting implicit inductive reasoning, but is not as well-developed in the context of coinductive reasoning. This paper reviews the general method of non-well-founded proofs, and puts forward a concrete natural framework for (co)inductive reasoning, based on (co)closure operators, that offers a concise framework in which inductive and coinductive reasoning are captured as we intuitively understand and use them. Through this framework we demonstrate the enormous potential of non-well-founded deduction, both in the foundational theoretical exploration of (co)inductive reasoning and in the provision of proof support for (co)inductive reasoning within (semi-)automated proof tools.
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Grindstaff, Laura. "Barriers to Inclusion: Social Roots and Current Concerns." In Uprooting Bias in the Academy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85668-7_2.
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AbstractA working knowledge of the roots of, and barriers to, diversity, equity, and inclusion within organizations is essential to creating a more inclusive community, both in and beyond the academy. Structural inequalities arise and are reproduced at multiple levels simultaneously, each reinforcing the other: socially through interaction, culturally through ideas, values, and representations, and institutionally through formal rules and procedures as well as informally through taken-for-granted norms and practices. This chapter focuses primarily on the socio-cultural and cognitive factors identified by scholars as important barriers to achieving a diverse, inclusive academic community. Identity exclusion, stereotyping, and implicit bias, among other barriers, play a role, and, together with inequitable distribution of opportunities and resources, produce and reproduce racial and gendered inequalities. Identifying barriers to inclusion and understanding how they shape behavior is critical to eliminating them.
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Burmester, Inês, Vanessa Tavares, and João Poças Martins. "Framework for a Multi-level Approach for Testing the Construction Demolition Waste Hierarchy." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_58.
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AbstractThe Waste Framework Directive (WFD) proposes a Waste Hierarchy (WH), a list of waste management strategies ordered from the most to the least preferable and often illustrated as an inverted pyramid. Waste prevention is at the top of this pyramid, followed by preparing for reuse, recycling, and then other recovery activities such as waste to energy. At the bottom of this hierarchy, the waste management strategy to be avoided is waste disposal at landfills.Although this hierarchy establishes a logical framework for waste management policies, case-by-case assessment shows many exceptions to the rules implicit in this structure. Indeed, depending on the materials and constructive solutions, the order proposed by the WFD can be modified by considering a detailed LCA. On the other hand, when performed on an element level, the results of LCA may not be viable to inform policymakers on the best course of action towards a more sustainable built environment. This paper proposes a multi-level approach – at a material, element and building level – combining the waste hierarchy with the 9R framework. Assessments of building refurbishment at the building or element level can yield vastly different results, which may be relevant when addressing questions posed by each type of stakeholder according to their scope of action.
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Hsu, Ellen. "Immunoglobulin Recombination Signal Sequences: Somatic and Evolutionary Functions." In The Implicit Genome. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195172706.003.0010.
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Abstract Vertebrates defend themselves against the onslaught of a vast and evolving array of pathogens by drawing from a vast antibody repertoire that is encoded by somatically generated DNA sequences. This diversity can be achieved because it is implied, rather than explicity encoded, in the germline genome. This chapter describes our current understanding of the rules by which this diversity of immunoglobulin combining sites is created in B lymphocytes.
Conference papers on the topic "Implicit rules"
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Mitterer, Felix, Christian Burmer, and Konstantin Schekotihin. "Automating Routing of Product Returns for Failure Analysis with Neuro-Symbolic AI." In ISTFA 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0047.
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Abstract Before failure analysis (FA) can start, a product must get from the customer to the correct location, which is not always trivial, especially in larger companies with many FA labs. Automating and optimizing this routing, therefore reducing manual labor, misrouting, and turnaround time, requires the development of problem-solving methods utilizing both explicit and implicit knowledge. The first type refers to known routing rules, e.g., based on lab equipment or certifications, whereas the second type must be induced from available data, e.g., by analyzing customer descriptions using machine learning (ML) methods. Therefore, to solve the routing problem, we suggest a neurosymbolic integration of natural language processing methods into the symbolic context of a logic-based solver. The conducted evaluation shows that the suggested method can reduce the reships by appr. 33% while ensuring the fulfillment of all shipment constraints.
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Zhang, Xin, Zhe Wang, Guozheng Rao, and Kewen Wang. "Implicit and Explicit Rule Injection for Complex Query Answering over Knowledge Graphs." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889593.
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Zhao, Jiexing, Qiaozhu Zhai, Yuzhou Zhou, et al. "Multi-stage Robust Implicit Decision Rule for Optimal Control Problem of Energy Storage System." In 2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case59546.2024.10711743.
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Crolet, J. L., and M. R. Bonis. "Algorithm of the Protectiveness of Corrosion Layers 1 - Protectiveness Mechanisms and CO2 Corrosion Prediction." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10363.
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Abstract The predictions of the so called CO2 or sweet corrosion and the so called H2S or sour corrosion are questions raised and still pending for over 60 years. A reliable prediction actually requires one to understand when high or low corrosion rates are encountered in E&P operations (field data), how they can occur (comprehension of the various mechanisms ruling the corrosion layer protectiveness), and finally why they do occur (link between data and mechanisms). So far, however, and despite long lasting researches, these three aspects had always been studied separately. After a short reminder of the chronology of each theme, the protectiveness concept is revisited in depth, and without any equation… In this way, major differences can be emphasized between a unique acid gas or a mix of acid gases, and then between two acid gases with insoluble iron salts, and a single gas plus a second acid with a soluble iron salt. The latter may be the well known free acetic acid (HAc), but also a potential contribution of the direct diffusion of H+ ions from the bulk medium through the deposit. At the metal surface, this is locally equivalent to a strong acid, i.e. HCl in brines or HClO4 in condensed water. Thanks to the user friendliness of a recent calculation tool on water chemistry, which now includes corrosion products, the leading parameters of protectiveness were systematically quantified, or at least their base value in the bulk medium: pH, potential corrosivity (PC), solubility limit of iron as an added corrosion product (Fes) and pH at saturation. This results in a genuine algorithm of protectiveness, i.e. allowing us to understand why what was observed in the field did occur. Consequently, one will at last be certain that this cannot but reoccur in the same conditions as those identified. In CO2 corrosion, the previous prediction of a low, medium or high risk is thus up graded into a firm prediction, namely of a low corrosion for the two first cases, and of a high corrosion for the latter. At a medium CO2 level, the acceptance threshold for HAc is also moved up from 0.1 to 1 mM in gas wells. The algorithm also confirms that such field based prediction could only address downhole corrosion. The reason is that the explicit clauses of a prediction tool derived from downhole experience cannot be separated from some implicit clauses specific to wells, and coming from geology or technology. Nevertheless, the prediction can now be extended to piping and lines, provided the life time and leading parameters will be close to those encountered in wells. Finally, it is shown that, paradoxically, dissolved CO2 is basically a non corrosive species, because its weak acidity also supplies the cathodic corrosion product HCO3- and iron insolubility. Therefore, in oil wells or any well producing reservoir water, only a sufficient presence of free HAc and the solubility of iron acetate can jeopardize the protectiveness of FeCO3 layers. And in gas wells or any well producing condensed water, only the very low pH values associated with high PCO2 figures can also jeopardize this protectiveness. In both cases, actually, as soon as pH becomes low enough for enabling an incipient direct diffusion of H+ throughout the layer, or as soon as an incipient free HAc content is present in the bulk medium, an autocatalytic process transforms the local medium within the deposit into a strong acid with a soluble iron salt (through the local exhaustion of bicarbonate, pH lowering, and a possible recycling of half of the H+ or HAc used by the cathodic reaction). Conversely, the algorithm also shows that whatever the partial pressure PCO2, a bicarbonate buffered produced water is never corrosive under CO2 alone. This results in a much more simple formulation of prediction rules.
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Bergström, Karl. "The implicit rules of board games." In the 14th International Academic MindTrek Conference. ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1930488.1930506.
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Liu, Zhishuo, Qianhui Shen, and Jingmiao Ma. "Extracting Implicit Features Based on Association Rules." In the 3rd International Conference. ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3265689.3265707.
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Bitner-Gregersen, Elzbietta M., Liv Hovem, and Rolf Skjong. "Implicit Reliability of Ship Structures." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28522.
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Ship structures must be designed with adequate safety and reliability, and their designs must be acceptable from an environmental and economical point of view. Target reliabilities have to be met in the design rules in order to ensure that certain safety levels are reached in design according to the rules. There are several steps involved in a process of determining target reliabilities in agreement with a risk based approach as recommended by Formal Safety Assessment, IMO (1997, 2001). The study concentrates on the second step of FSA, i.e. calculation of the reliability level inherent in existing rules representing past practice when state-of-the-art models for environment, loads, response and capacity are adopted. Buckling of a ship deck in the extreme sagging conditions is considered. The suggested procedure is illustrated by three examples. The reliability calculations are carried out for the ‘as build’ stiffened deck plate thickness. Uncertainties involved in the suggested analysis procedure and their consequences on implicit reliability are presented. Implementation of the results in the risk analysis is discussed.
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Zaman, Tarannum Shaila, and Tingting Yu. "Extracting implicit programming rules: comparing static and dynamic approaches." In ASE '18: 33rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3242887.3242889.
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Kim, Taesoon, Jun-Haeng Heo, and Jaeeung Yi. "Monthly Reservoir Operating Rules Generated by Implicit Stochastic Optimization." In Watershed Management and Operations Management Conferences 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)155.
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Machado, Mateus Tarcinalli, Thiago Alexandre Salgueiro Pardo, Evandro Eduardo Seron Ruiz, and Ariani Di Felippo. "Learning rules for automatic identification of implicit aspects in Portuguese." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informação e da Linguagem Humana. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17787.
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This sentiment analysis work is focused on the task of identifying aspects, emphasizing the so-called implicit aspects, i.e., those that are not explicitly mentioned in the texts. For this, we analyzed frequency-based methods, adapted rules from the English language to Portuguese, and developed a method that learns new rules through corpus analysis.
Reports on the topic "Implicit rules"
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Seccareccia, Mario, and Guillermo Matamoros. Is “Inflation First” Really “Rentiers First”? The Taylor Rule and Rentier Income in Industrialized Countries. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp209.
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The Taylor rule has returned as a significant policy guide amid increasingly overt political pressures for its official (and not just its implicit) adoption at the US Fed as inflation fears have come to dominate monetary policy actions both in the US and internationally in recent times. Our paper analyzes the effect of monetary policy on the functional distribution of income by reconstructing how the post-1970s “inflation first” policy commitments of central banks came to be crystallized in the Taylor rule. While there are differences among the various specifications of this “rule”, the Taylor relation is merely an offshoot of what can be described generically as the family of Wicksellian reaction functions whose implications support rentier income over time. Because of the internal logic of the Taylor rule, this has led to different interpretations such as, for example, the more Keynesian Yellen rule, which depart from the strict sense of the Taylor rule. The paper also interprets the Taylor Rule in light of Wicksell’s formulation and analyzes the potential consequence of the differences. In contrast to the strict Wicksell rule of “proportional” adjustment, our econometric findings suggest evidence that central banks adjust “over-proportionally” the benchmark money interest rate in the presence of changes in the inflation rate for the complete “inflation first” era since the 1970s until the COVID-19 crisis. They thereby strongly favored rentier incomes in their reaction functions, with the possible exception of the post-financial crisis period. To limit the pro-rentier consequences of such inflation-targeting regimes, it is important that policymakers mandate multiple objectives for central banks, as exemplified in the current US Fed’s dual mandate.
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Mendoza, Enrique G. Why Should Emerging Economies Give Up National Currencies?: A Case for "Institutions Substitution". Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010952.
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Financial contagion and Sudden Stops of capital inflows experienced in emerging-markets crises may originate in an explosive mix of lack of policy credibility and world capital market imperfections that afflict emerging economies with national currencies. Hence, this paper argues that abandoning national currencies to adopt a hard currency can significantly reduce the emerging countries' vulnerability to these crises. The credibility of their financial policies would be greatly enhanced by the implicit subordination to the policymaking institutions of the hard currency issuer. Their access to international capital markets would improve as the same expertise and information that global investors already gather to evaluate the monetary policy of the hard currency issuer would apply to emerging economies. Yet, adopting a hard currency does not eliminate business cycles, rule out all forms of financial crises, or solve severe fiscal problems that plague emerging economies, and it entails giving up seigniorage and potential benefits of conducting independent monetary policy. However, these disadvantages seem dwarfed by the urgent need to enable emerging countries to access global capital markets without exposing them to the risk of recurrent Sudden Stops.
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Luengas, Pavel, and Inder J. Ruprah. Should Central Banks Target Happiness?: Evidence from Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011178.
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It has become common wisdom amongst monetary policy professionals that central banks in Latin America should adopt inflation targeting. Pure inflation targeting implicitly assumes a social loss welfare function dependent on only inflation. In this working paper, using subjective well-being survey data for Latin America the authors present evidence that both inflation and unemployment reduce wellbeing; where the cost of inflation in terms of unemployment, hence the relative size of the weights in a social well-being function, is about one to eight, almost double of that found for OECD countries. The evidence presented in this paper, combined with the low frequency of happiness data, may not be sufficiently convincing for central banks to adopt happiness-targeting rule. However, happiness data would be useful to inform policy makers regarding the optimal disinflation policy or at least allow consciousness of the potential discontent of different sub-groups of the population of different disinflation strategies.
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Lewis, Dustin, and Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.
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For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.
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Guppy, Lisa, Paula Uyttendaele, Karen Villholth, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Groundwater and Sustainable Development Goals: Analysis of Interlinkages. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/jrlh1810.
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Groundwater represents 97% of the world’s available freshwater resources and is extensively abstracted throughout the world. While abundant in a global context, it can only de developed to a certain extent without causing environmental impacts. Also, it is highly variable across the globe, and where it is heavily relied on, it is less renewable. Hence, it is critically important that this resource is managed sustainably. However, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Development Agenda do not, as a rule, account explicitly for the significant role that groundwater plays and will continue to play in sustainable development. This report aims to unpack and highlight this role through consistent analysis of the interlinkages between groundwater and the targets of the SDGs. The key features of groundwater relevant to the SDGs are its use, management and sustainability. The methodology used to analyse groundwater interlinkages with SDG targets includes, first, identification of ‘evidence-based’ and ‘logical’ interlinkages. The first type of interlinkages is supported by existing data, while the second is by information and logic that needs to be drawn from existing bodies of relevant research. While only a few interlinkages may be seen at present as “evidence-based”, more data are continuously emerging to make more interlinkages supported by hard-core evidence. Subsequently, the interlinkages are classified into either ‘reinforcing’, ‘conflicting’ or ‘mixed’ – depending on whether achievement of a target will have predominantly positive, negative, or mixed impact on groundwater. The interlinkages are also classified into ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’, depending on how strong and direct the impacts on groundwater from achieving the targets may be. The report presents a summary of key interlinkages, and subsequently provides the narrative of all ‘primary’ ones. The analysis suggests that more than half of interlinkages are ‘reinforcing’, while only a few are ‘conflicting’. From a policy perspective i) conflicting interlinkages are the most critical and difficult ones to manage, and ii) it is important to draw synergies between SDG initiatives and groundwater to allow reinforcing interlinkages to materialise. Nearly a third of all identified interlinkages were classified as ‘mixed’. This means that when target activities are planned, careful consideration must be given to possible impacts on groundwater to avoid unintended negative outcomes that may not be evident at first. Primary interlinkages that constitute 43% of all may be the easiest to understand and the most important to plan for. However, there are even more secondary interlinkages. This means that groundwater experts need to be able to share knowledge to a range of actors involved in addressing the targets with secondary interlinkages to groundwater, and vice versa. It is also shown that i) the importance of groundwater to sustainable development is poorly recognised and captured at the SDG target level; ii) there is a lack of globally useful, up-to-date and SDG-relevant groundwater data available, which makes it difficult to make globally, and even locally, relevant recommendations for groundwater use, management and sustainability in the SDG era, and iii) there are often poor links between targets and their indicators. This may signal that all groundwater-related and groundwater-relevant aspirations may not be translated into real, let alone, measurable action. This report is not a comprehensive analysis and involves an element of subjectivity, associated primarily with the data and information paucity on one hand, and with the imperfection of the SDG target and indicator system itself – on another. However, even with these limitations, the report shows how significant groundwater is in sustainable development, even if the current SDG framework is implicit about this. Furthermore, it suggests a structured way to improve the visibility of groundwater in the SDG framework as it continues to develop.