Journal articles: 'Implicit rules'

1

Davies, Martin. "Two Notions of Implicit Rules." Philosophical Perspectives 9 (1995): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2214216.

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Romero, Gorge A., Michael N. Pham, and Aaron T. Goetz. "The Implicit Rules of Combat." Human Nature 25, no. 4 (2014): 496–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-014-9214-3.

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DeKeyser, Robert M. "Learning Second Language Grammar Rules." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 17, no. 3 (1995): 379–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s027226310001425x.

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This is a report on a computerized experiment with a miniature linguistic system, consisting of five morphological rules and a lexicon of 98 words. Two hypotheses derived from the literature in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics were tested: that explicit-deductive learning would be better than implicit-inductive learning for straightforward (“categorical”) rules, and that implicit-inductive learning would be better than explicit-deductive learning for fuzzy rules (“prototypicality patterns”). Implicit-inductive learning was implemented by pairing sentences with color pictures; explicit-deductive learning was implemented by means of traditional grammar rule presentation, followed by picture-sentence pairing. The findings were in the expected direction for both hypotheses, but only the first one could be confirmed through statistically significant results.

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Kuhn, Gustav, and Zoltán Dienes. "Implicit Learning of Nonlocal Musical Rules: Implicitly Learning More Than Chunks." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31, no. 6 (2005): 1417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.6.1417.

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Davis, Howard. "Explicit Rules, Implicit Rules, and Formal Variation in Vernacular Building." Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture 4 (1991): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514221.

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Cordewener, Kim A. H., Anna M. T. Bosman, and Ludo Verhoeven. "Implicit and explicit instruction." Written Language and Literacy 18, no. 1 (2015): 121–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.18.1.06cor.

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This study examined the influence of implicit and explicit instruction for the acquisition of two types of Dutch spelling rules: a morphological and a phonological rule. A sample of 193 first grade, low- and high skilled spellers was assigned to an implicit-instruction, explicit-instruction, or control-group condition. The results showed that for both rules, students in the explicit condition made more progress than students in the control condition. For the morphological rule, students in the explicit condition had higher posttest scores on pseudo-words than students in the implicit condition. The effects of the three conditions were the same for low- and high-skilled spellers. Both low- and high-skilled spellers in the implicit and explicit condition did not fully generalize their knowledge of both rules to new and pseudo-words.

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Caragiannis, Ioannis, Swaprava Nath, Ariel D. Procaccia, and Nisarg Shah. "Subset Selection Via Implicit Utilitarian Voting." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 58 (January 16, 2017): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5282.

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How should one aggregate ordinal preferences expressed by voters into a measurably superior social choice? A well-established approach -- which we refer to as implicit utilitarian voting -- assumes that voters have latent utility functions that induce the reported rankings, and seeks voting rules that approximately maximize utilitarian social welfare. We extend this approach to the design of rules that select a subset of alternatives. We derive analytical bounds on the performance of optimal (deterministic as well as randomized) rules in terms of two measures, distortion and regret. Empirical results show that regret-based rules are more compelling than distortion-based rules, leading us to focus on developing a scalable implementation for the optimal (deterministic) regret-based rule. Our methods underlie the design and implementation of RoboVote.org, a not-for-profit website that helps users make group decisions via AI-driven voting methods.

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O. Pagan, Nicholas. "From C.Y. Lee to Shawn Wong: The Transnational Family and its Implicit Rules." Southeast Asian Review of English 58, no. 2 (2021): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sare.vol58no2.3.

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Employing the distinction between explicit and implicit rules as formulated by psychoanalytic theorist and philosopher Slavoj Žižek, this article examines the way in which challenges toward an initial rule-based fantasy take place within transnational families. In particular, the article employs an implicit, unwritten rules framework to assess the effect of transpacific migration on the institution of family within the Chinese American diaspora as represented in post-World War II fiction by Asian Pacific authors C.Y. Lee and Shawn Wong. Suggesting five implicit rules underpinning Chinese American families, the article examines Lee’s The Flower Drum Songto highlight early challenges to these rules before finding in Wong’s Homebasean unflinching adherence to an implicit rule concerning reverence for ancestors. Wong has the advantage of writing in the wake of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and of being in a position to trace more and more challenges to the initial fantasy following later waves of transpacific migration. His novel American Kneesis then shown to epitomize the implicit rules being stretched almost to breaking point as, for instance, the criteria for spouse selection becomes no longer Chinese or partially Chineseor even Asian or partially Asian but Americanization.

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Kemper, M. J., L. Verhoeven, and A. M. T. Bosman. "Implicit and explicit instruction of spelling rules." Learning and Individual Differences 22, no. 6 (2012): 639–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.06.008.

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Pelham, Brett W., Mauricio Carvallo, and John T. Jones. "Implicit Egotism." Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, no. 2 (2005): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00344.x.

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People gravitate toward people, places, and things that resemble the self. We refer to this tendency as implicit egotism, and we suggest that it reflects an unconscious process that is grounded in people's favorable self-associations. We review recent archival and experimental research that supports this position, highlighting evidence that rules out alternate explanations and distinguishes implicit egotism from closely related ideas such as mere exposure. Taken together, the evidence suggests that implicit egotism is an implicit judgmental consequence of people's positive self-associations. We conclude by identifying promising areas for future research.

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Zhong, De-Yun, Li-Guan Wang, and Jin-Miao Wang. "Combination Constraints of Multiple Fields for Implicit Modeling of Ore Bodies." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031321.

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In this paper, we introduce combination constraints for modeling ore bodies based on multiple implicit fields interpolation. The basic idea of the method is to define a multi-labeled implicit function that combines different sub-implicit fields by the combination operations, including intersection, union and difference operators. The contribution of this paper resides in the application of combination of more general implicit fields with combination rules for the implicit modeling of ore bodies, such that the geologist can construct constraints honoring geological relationships more flexibly. To improve the efficiency of implicit surface reconstruction, a pruning strategy is used to avoid unnecessary calculations based on the hierarchical bounding box of the operation tree. Different RBF-based methods are utilized to study the implicit modeling cases of ore bodies. The experimental results of several datasets show that the combination constraints are useful to reconstruct implicit surfaces for ore bodies with mineralization rules involving multiple fields.

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Jitpeera, Thanyarat, Anantachai Padcharoen, and Wiyada Kumam. "On New Generalized Viscosity Implicit Double Midpoint Rule for Hierarchical Problem." Mathematics 10, no. 24 (2022): 4755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10244755.

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The implicit midpoint rules are employed as a powerful numerical technique, and in this article we attend a class of viscosity iteration approximations on hierarchical problems for the implicit double midpoint rules. We prove the strong convergence theorem to the unique solution on hierarchical problem of this technique is established under some favorable conditions imposed on the control parameters in Hilbert spaces. Furthermore, we propose some applications to the constrained convex minimization problem, nonlinear Fredholm integral equation and variational inequality on fixed point problem. Moreover, some numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the different proposed methods and convergence results. Our results modified the implicit double midpoint rules with the hierarchical problem.

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Kovic, Vanja, Gert Westermann, and Kim Plunkett. "Implicit vs. explicit learning in German noun plurals." Psihologija 41, no. 4 (2008): 387–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0804387k.

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Over the past few decades there has been a lot of debate about language learning and the opinion about the status of mental rule during the process of language learning is still divided between different researches. The present study examines learning morphology of German noun plurals based on rules, examples or on both, rules and examples. The results across these three experimental conditions suggest that the morphological patterns are learned more easily in the form of rules and thus, seem to be more easily captured by dual-route (which suggest that rules and exceptions are processed by two qualitatively different mechanisms) than single route theories (which suggest a singe mechanism for processing both rules and exceptions). However, a closer examination of error patterns across the five rules (-e, -n, -er, ?, -s) revealed results confronting dual-route theories and suggest the existence of two rulemechanisms (-n and -s) rather than one for learning regular inflection in German plural nouns. Moreover, the second rule (with plural ending -n) was the easiest one to be learned, although it is the fifth rule (with plural ending -s) which is considered as a default rule in German.

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Robinson, Peter. "Learning Simple and Complex Second Language Rules Under Implicit, Incidental, Rule-Search, and Instructed Conditions." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 18, no. 1 (1996): 27–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100014674.

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This study examines the generalizability of claims by Reber (1989, 1993) about the implicit learning of artificial grammars to the context of adult second language acquisition (SLA). In the field of SLA Krashen (1981, 1982, 1985, 1994) has made claims parallel to those of Reber regarding the differential effectiveness of conscious learning of rules and unconscious incidental acquisition of rules. Specifically addressed are Reber's and Krashen's claims that (a) implicit learning is more effective than explicit learning when the stimulus domain is complex, and (b) explicit learning of simple and complex stimulus domains is possible if the underlying rules are made salient. One hundred four adult learners of English as a second language were randomly assigned to implicit, incidental, rule-search, or instructed computerized training conditions. Speed and accuracy of judgments of novel tokens of easy and hard rule sentence types presented during training were used as dependent measures. Results do not support the first of Reber's and Krashen's claims but do support the second. Implicit learners do not outperform other learners on complex rules, but instructed learners outperform all others in learning simple rules. Analyses of the effect of sentence type and grammaticality on learning suggest a transfer-appropriate processing account of the relationship among consciousness, rule awareness, training, and transfer task performance.

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Izzo, Federico, Olof Runborg, and Richard Tsai. "Corrected trapezoidal rules for singular implicit boundary integrals." Journal of Computational Physics 461 (July 2022): 111193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111193.

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Curran, Joanne M. "Constraints of Pretend Play: Explicit and Implicit Rules." Journal of Research in Childhood Education 14, no. 1 (1999): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02568549909594751.

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Feinauer, Ian D., Jeffry H. Larson, and James M. Harper. "Implicit Family Process Rules and Adolescent Psychological Symptoms." American Journal of Family Therapy 38, no. 1 (2010): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926180902961548.

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Fradejas-García, Ignacio, and Noel B. Salazar. "Mobility rules." Focaal 2024, no. 99 (2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2024.990101.

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Abstract In this introductory article, we critically analyze which rules govern human mobility and how mobility regulations and codes are resisted, transgressed, broken, and remade. To play by the rules of mobility means to follow habits and laws governed by social norms and institutional control. Our point of departure is that social and institutional mobility rules both abound and are intertwined and that they are routinely disputed by individuals, groups, and institutions. Drawing on ethnographic examples and the literature on legal anthropology, mobilities, and transnational migration, the article disentangles the specific mechanisms, principles, and symbolic power of mobility rules—written and non-written, legal and non-legal, formal and informal, codified and non-codified, explicit and implicit. In short, we address how people are navigating rules of mobility that operate in contradictory, ambiguous, and hidden ways.

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Crane, Jeffrey, James M. Harper, Roy A. Bean, and Erin Holmes. "Family Implicit Rules, Shame, and Adolescent Prosocial and Antisocial Communication Behaviors." Family Journal 28, no. 1 (2020): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480719896563.

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This study examined the relationship between implicit family process rules and adolescent prosocial and antisocial communication behaviors. Data came from two-parent families in Wave 5 of the Flourishing Families Project which consisted of 322 families (fathers, mothers, and children ages 13–17). Both observational and questionnaire data were used in data collection. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed using observational codes from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. Each of the family members’ perceptions was used to assess constraining family rules and facilitative family rules. Findings showed a direct positive relationship between facilitative family process rules and prosocial communication and a negative relationship with antisocial communication for both girls and boys. Constraining family process rules were also positively related to antisocial communication behaviors in adolescents. Shame was a significant mediator of the relationship between facilitative family rules and prosocial behavior as well as between constraining family rules and antisocial behavior.

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Teichmann, Roger. "Explaining the Rules." Philosophy 77, no. 4 (2002): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819102000475.

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There is a class of speech-acts employing expressions such as ‘can't, ‘must’, and ‘meant to’, which have a paradigm role in stating the rules that govern a practice. Elizabeth Anscombe called such expressions stopping (or forcing) modals. Although “You can't phi”, etc., are not implicit hypothetical imperatives, it nevertheless makes prima facie sense to ask of a given practice why we go in for it, what the point of it is. Various questions are discussed in connection with these facts, e.g. What distinguishes a rule's applying to someone from its having force (for that person)? Where the practice at issue is a ‘language-game’, does the question “Why do we do this?” still makes sense?

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Li, Teng-fei, and Heng-you Lan. "On New Picard-Mann Iterative Approximations with Mixed Errors for Implicit Midpoint Rule and Applications." Journal of Function Spaces 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4042965.

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In order to solve (partial) differential equations, implicit midpoint rules are often employed as a powerful numerical method. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study a class of new Picard-Mann iteration processes with mixed errors for the implicit midpoint rules, which is different from existing methods in the literature, and to analyze the convergence and stability of the proposed method. Further, some numerical examples and applications to optimal control problems with elliptic boundary value constraints are considered via the new Picard-Mann iterative approximations, which shows that the new Picard-Mann iteration process with mixed errors for the implicit midpoint rule of nonexpansive mappings is brand new and more effective than other related iterative processes.

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Kostadinov, O.D. "SOME ASPECTS OF IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 79 (May 7, 2024): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11127256.

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Learning foreign languages has always been a personal challenge because it requires a lot of effort and time. Foreign language learning involves acquiring knowledge and skills to communicate verbally and in writing. There are two main ways of learning a foreign language: implicit and explicit. Implicit and explicit language learning differ because implicit methodology involves learning through indirect rules and contextual understanding, while explicit methodology employs formulated rules and direct instruction. These two principal methods could be applied separately or together. This research aims to unravel the inherent mystery of how humans acquire a foreign language most easily and effectively, to accumulate the knowledge necessary for foreign language methodologists to create the most rational methodology for foreign language acquisition.

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Thirumaran., M., E. Ilavarasan., K. Thanigaivel., and S. Abarna. "BUSINESS RULE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR ENTERPRISE WEB SERVICES." International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC) 1, no. 2 (2010): 15–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3936393.

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Making a business rule extraction more dynamic is an open issue, and we think it is feasible if we decompose the business process structure in a set of rules, each of them representing a transition of the business process. As a consequence the business process engine can be realized by reusing and integrating an existing Rule Engine. We are proposing a way for extracting the business rules and then to modify it at the runtime. Business rules specifies the constraints that affect the behaviors and also specifies the derivation of conditions that affect the execution flow. The rules can be extracted from use cases, specifications or system code. But since not many enterprises capture their business rules in a structured, explicit form like documents or implicit software codes, they need to be identified first, before being captured and managed. These rules change more often than the processes themselves, but changing and managing business rules is a complex task beyond the abilities of most business analysts. The capturing process focuses on the identification of the potential business rules sources. As business logic requirements change, business analysts can update the business logic without enlisting the aid of the IT staff. The new logic is immediately available to all client applications. In current trend the rules are modified or changed in the static time phase. But this paper provides to change the rules at the run time. Here the rules are extracted from the services and can be a changed dynamically. The existing rules are modified and attached to source code without hindering service to the end user which can be achieved with source control systems. When the rules are revised, it provides a path in budding new business logic. This new business logic can be adopted for the efficient software development. 

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Thirumaran., M., E. Ilavarasan., K. Thanigaivel., and S. Abarna. "BUSINESS RULE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR ENTERPRISE WEB SERVICES." International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC) 1, no. 2 (2010): 15–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3345678.

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Making a business rule extraction more dynamic is an open issue, and we think it is feasible if we decompose the business process structure in a set of rules, each of them representing a transition of the business process. As a consequence the business process engine can be realized by reusing and integrating an existing Rule Engine. We are proposing a way for extracting the business rules and then to modify it at the runtime. Business rules specifies the constraints that affect the behaviors and also specifies the derivation of conditions that affect the execution flow. The rules can be extracted from use cases, specifications or system code. But since not many enterprises capture their business rules in a structured, explicit form like documents or implicit software codes, they need to be identified first, before being captured and managed. These rules change more often than the processes themselves, but changing and managing business rules is a complex task beyond the abilities of most business analysts. The capturing process focuses on the identification of the potential business rules sources. As business logic requirements change, business analysts can update the business logic without enlisting the aid of the IT staff. The new logic is immediately available to all client applications. In current trend the rules are modified or changed in the static time phase. But this paper provides to change the rules at the run time. Here the rules are extracted from the services and can be a changed dynamically. The existing rules are modified and attached to source code without hindering service to the end user which can be achieved with source control systems. When the rules are revised, it provides a path in budding new business logic. This new business logic can be adopted for the efficient software development.

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Schwarb, Hillary, and Eric H. Schumacher. "Implicit sequence learning is represented by stimulus—response rules." Memory & Cognition 38, no. 6 (2010): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/mc.38.6.677.

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CELESTE, Alcigeimes Batista, Akihiro KADOTA, Koichi SUZUKI, and Valterlin da Silva SANTOS. "DERIVATION OF RESERVOIR OPERATING RULES BY IMPLICIT STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 49 (2005): 1111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.49.1111.

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MACCOUN, ROBERT J. "THE IMPLICIT RULES OF EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY ANALYSIS, UPDATED." Addiction 105, no. 8 (2010): 1335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02936.x.

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Chala, Oksana, Lyudmyla Novikova, and Larysa Chernyshova. "METHOD FOR DETECTING SHILLING ATTACKS IN E-COMMERCE SYSTEMS USING WEIGHTED TEMPORAL RULES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 5 (September 17, 2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00983.

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The problem of shilling attacks detecting in e-commerce systems is considered. The purpose of such attacks is to artificially change the rating of individual goods or services by users in order to increase their sales. A method for detecting shilling attacks based on a comparison of weighted temporal rules for the processes of selecting objects with explicit and implicit feedback from users is proposed. Implicit dependencies are specified through the purchase of goods and services. Explicit feedback is formed through the ratings of these products. The temporal rules are used to describe hidden relationships between the choices of user groups at two consecutive time intervals. The method includes the construction of temporal rules for explicit and implicit feedback, their comparison, as well as the formation of an ordered subset of temporal rules that capture potential shilling attacks. The method imposes restrictions on the input data on sales and ratings, which must be ordered by time or have timestamps. This method can be used in combination with other approaches to detecting shilling attacks. Integration of approaches allows to refine and supplement the existing attack patterns, taking into account the latest changes in user priorities.

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Oksana, Chala, Novikova Lyudmyla, and Chernyshova Larysa. "METHOD FOR DETECTING SHILLING ATTACKS IN E-COMMERCE SYSTEMS USING WEIGHTED TEMPORAL RULES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 5 (September 30, 2019): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00983.

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The problem of shilling attacks detecting in e-commerce systems is considered. The purpose of such attacks is to artificially change the rating of individual goods or services by users in order to increase their sales. A method for detecting shilling attacks based on a comparison of weighted temporal rules for the processes of selecting objects with explicit and implicit feedback from users is proposed. Implicit dependencies are specified through the purchase of goods and services. Explicit feedback is formed through the ratings of these products. The temporal rules are used to describe hidden relationships between the choices of user groups at two consecutive time intervals. The method includes the construction of temporal rules for explicit and implicit feedback, their comparison, as well as the formation of an ordered subset of temporal rules that capture potential shilling attacks. The method imposes restrictions on the input data on sales and ratings, which must be ordered by time or have timestamps. This method can be used in combination with other approaches to detecting shilling attacks. Integration of approaches allows to refine and supplement the existing attack patterns, taking into account the latest changes in user priorities.

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Harviainen, J. Tuomas, and Katherine Frank. "Group Sex as Play." Games and Culture 13, no. 3 (2016): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412016659835.

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Drawing on ethnographic and interview data collected from the United States and Finland on lifestyle (“swinging”) events, this article explores the implicit and explicit rules influencing negotiations for group sex as a type of play. Participants maintain a sense of freedom and spontaneity while acting within situational constraints—ethical expectations, preexplicated rules, implicit rules, and complex negotiations that occur during the play itself either openly or more subtly. Because it has implications for the participants’ everyday lives, lifestyle group sex is a phenomenon on the border between games and adult play. Through an analysis of the rules and social contracts arising in group sex, we demonstrate how participants learn to read interactions at group sex events in the way that players learn game systems and how they can and do become “good players” in such situations.

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Celeste, Alcigeimes B., Wilson F. Curi, and Rosires C. Curi. "Implicit Stochastic Optimization for deriving reservoir operating rules in semiarid Brazil." Pesquisa Operacional 29, no. 1 (2009): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-74382009000100011.

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This paper deals with the application of Implicit Stochastic Optimization (ISO) to determine monthly operating rules for a reservoir system located in the semiarid Northeast of Brazil. ISO employs a deterministic optimization model to find optimal reservoir allocations under several possible inflow scenarios and later constructs the rules by analyzing the ensemble of these optimal releases. The operating policies provide the monthly reservoir release conditioned on the storage at the beginning of the month and the inflow predicted for the month. In addition to the classical regression analysis, this study establishes the rules by a two-dimensional interpolation strategy. After the rules are identified, they are applied to operate the system under new inflow realizations and show ability to produce policies similar to those obtained by deterministic optimization taking the same inflows as perfect forecasts.

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Donnelly, Michael. "Inequalities in Higher Education: Applying the Sociology of Basil Bernstein." Sociology 52, no. 2 (2016): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038516656326.

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This article seeks to re-invigorate debate about how we theorise inequalities in higher education. The work of sociologist Basil Bernstein has not yet been brought to bear in this area, despite the affordances it brings in teasing out the implicit rules that perpetuate inequalities in higher education. Drawing on empirical findings from a qualitative study into the impact of university-led ‘outreach’ work in the UK context, the article applies and tests the work of Bernstein. It is argued that his framework offers the analytical precision to expose the implicit rules and principles that underlie young people’s encounters with higher education.

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LaPointe, Leonard L. "Linguistic Competence in Aphasia." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 17, no. 3 (2008): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac17.3.87.

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Abstract Loss of implicit linguistic competence assumes a loss of linguistic rules, necessary linguistic computations, or representations. In aphasia, the inherent neurological damage is frequently assumed by some to be a loss of implicit linguistic competence that has damaged or wiped out neural centers or pathways that are necessary for maintenance of the language rules and representations needed to communicate. Not everyone agrees with this view of language use in aphasia. The measurement of implicit language competence, although apparently necessary and satisfying for theoretic linguistics, is complexly interwoven with performance factors. Transience, stimulability, and variability in aphasia language use provide evidence for an access deficit model that supports performance loss. Advances in understanding linguistic competence and performance may be informed by careful study of bilingual language acquisition and loss, the language of savants, the language of feral children, and advances in neuroimaging. Social models of aphasia treatment, coupled with an access deficit view of aphasia, can salve our restless minds and allow pursuit of maximum interactive communication goals even without a comfortable explanation of implicit linguistic competence in aphasia.

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Gorrell, Jeffrey. "Cognitive Modeling and Implicit Rules: Effects on Problem-Solving Performance." American Journal of Psychology 106, no. 1 (1993): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1422865.

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Wang, Shoujin, and Longbing Cao. "Inferring Implicit Rules by Learning Explicit and Hidden Item Dependency." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 50, no. 3 (2020): 935–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2017.2768547.

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Axt, Jordan R., Charles R. Ebersole, and Brian A. Nosek. "The Rules of Implicit Evaluation by Race, Religion, and Age." Psychological Science 25, no. 9 (2014): 1804–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797614543801.

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Sætrevik, Bjørn, Rolf Reber, and Petter Sannum. "The utility of implicit learning in the teaching of rules." Learning and Instruction 16, no. 4 (2006): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2006.07.006.

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Cai, Gang, Yekini Shehu, and Olaniyi Samuel Iyiola. "Modified viscosity implicit rules for nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces." Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications 19, no. 4 (2017): 2831–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11784-017-0458-5.

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LeBlanc, Justin D., Andrea Civelli, Cary Deck, and Klajdi Bregu. "State dependent price setting rules under implicit thresholds: An experiment." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 68 (July 2016): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2016.04.004.

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ZHONG, De-yun, Li-guan WANG, Lin BI, and Ming-tao JIA. "Implicit modeling of complex orebody with constraints of geological rules." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 29, no. 11 (2019): 2392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(19)65145-9.

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Emo, Kenneth. "How Rules Shape Experience." Journal of Experiential Education 31, no. 2 (2008): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105382590803100204.

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Rules guide and constrain participants' actions as they participate in any educational activity. This ethnographically driven case study examines how organizational rules—the implicit and explicit regulations that constrain actions and interactions—influence children to use science in the experiential educational activity of raising 4-H market animals. Observations, interviews, and artifacts gathered are interpreted using Dewey's (1938) theory of an experiential continuum, with a focus on how social control in the form of explicit organizational rules influenced the children to use science. This study provides examples of two explicit organizational rules, market animal weight restrictions and record book rules, and analyzes the influence of these rules on bringing science into the children's 4-H experience. This study provides evidence that children involved in 4-H are influenced by organizational rules to incorporate skills and processes of science into their actions.

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Zhang, Yongjie, and Ansheng Deng. "Redundancy Reduction Algorithms in Rule-Based Knowledge Bases." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 30, no. 09 (2016): 1660011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001416600119.

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Redundancy rules in knowledge bases will affect the reasoning process of knowledge bases. And they will take up a lot of unnecessary memory space. So the notions of redundancy rules are briefly introduced. Meanwhile they are classified into four types. This paper studies the redundancy rules based on propositional logic and presents the reduction algorithms of four kinds of redundancy rules. They are equivalent redundancy rules, implication redundancy rules and cycle redundancy rules in explicit redundancy rules and condition redundancy rules in implicit redundancy rules. The reduction in this paper optimizes the structure of rule-based knowledge bases. And it also improves the efficiency of time and space of the reasoning on knowledge bases.

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Glaser, Karen. "The Neglected Combination: A Case for Explicit-Inductive Instruction in Teaching Pragmatics in ESL." TESL Canada Journal 30, no. 7 (2014): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v30i7.1158.

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A substantial part of interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) research has contrasted ex- plicit and implicit teaching designs, generally finding that explicit approaches— those featuring metapragmatic rule provision—are more effective than their implicit counterparts, which are characterized by the absence of metapragmatic information. A second dichotomy used to characterize instructional designs, that of deductive vs. inductive approaches, has received somewhat less attention. Con- cerned with the sequencing of the instruction rather than the criterion of whether or not to provide rules, this concerns the question of whether to choose (deductive) rules or (inductive) language use as the starting point of the instruction. Although the two dichotomies are interrelated, they are often unjustifiably merged, with the labels deductive and explicit, on the one hand, and inductive and implicit, on the other, being used interchangeably. This article illustrates the reasons for this oversimplification and argues that the resulting focus on the contrast of explicit-deductive and implicit-inductive designs has led to overlooking a third possible constellation: the explicit-inductive framework. Adopting a classroom perspective, the article further attempts to point out the advantages that this neglected combination can have for the teaching and learning of pragmatics in ESL.

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Ceng, Lu-Chuan, and Meijuan Shang. "Generalized Mann Viscosity Implicit Rules for Solving Systems of Variational Inequalities with Constraints of Variational Inclusions and Fixed Point Problems." Mathematics 7, no. 10 (2019): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7100933.

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In this work, let X be Banach space with a uniformly convex and q-uniformly smooth structure, where 1 < q ≤ 2 . We introduce and consider a generalized Mann-like viscosity implicit rule for treating a general optimization system of variational inequalities, a variational inclusion and a common fixed point problem of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in X. The generalized Mann-like viscosity implicit rule investigated in this work is based on the Korpelevich’s extragradient technique, the implicit viscosity iterative method and the Mann’s iteration method. We show that the iterative sequences governed by our generalized Mann-like viscosity implicit rule converges strongly to a solution of the general optimization system.

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Maxwell, J. P., R. S. W. Masters, E. Kerr, and E. Weedon. "The implicit benefit of learning without errors." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 54, no. 4 (2001): 1049–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713756014.

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Two studies examined whether the number of errors made in learning a motor skill, golf putting, differentially influences the adoption of a selective (explicit) or unselective (implicit) learning mode. Errorful learners were expected to adopt an explicit, hypothesis-testing strategy to correct errors during learning, thereby accruing a pool of verbalizable rules and exhibiting performance breakdown under dual-task conditions, characteristic of a selective mode of learning. Reducing errors during learning was predicted to minimize the involvement of explicit hypothesis testing leading to the adoption of an unselective mode of learning, distinguished by few verbalizable rules and robust performance under secondary task loading. Both studies supported these predictions. The golf putting performance of errorless learners in both studies was unaffected by the imposition of a secondary task load, whereas the performance of errorful learners deteriorated. Reducing errors during learning limited the number of error-correcting hypotheses tested by the learner, thereby reducing the contribution of explicit processing to skill acquisition. It was concluded that the reduction of errors during learning encourages the use of implicit, unselective learning processes, which confer insusceptibility to performance breakdown under distraction.

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Lu, Yi Qing, Min Hu, and Chen Li. "Study of Knowledge Reasoning in Supply Chain." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4533.

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The knowledge reasoning can be used by the inference engine to acquire the implicit knowledge in supply chain,. The reasoning based on the ontology semantic can be directly used the rules and axiom. Four kinds of semantic relations are studied in this paper. Then the Tool of establish reasoning rules is introduced.

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Gallhofer, Irmtraud, and Willem Saris. "Discovering Warrants in Political Argumentation." Informal Logic 41, no. 4 (2021): 641–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v41i4.6765.

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Philosophers deny a proposal for actions can be deduced from arguments for or against the proposal because they may be incompatible. Nevertheless, people in general, and politicians especially, make decisions and present arguments they believe are convincing. We studied politicians who made decisions in complex situations. They spoke about possible actions, their consequences, the probabilities of these consequences and their evaluations, but rarely indicated why their arguments led to their choice. We hypothesized implicit argumentation rules involved and checked whether they predicted those choices. We found seven implicit informal logic rules involved. We also found a random sample of people made the same choices based on the same arguments, suggesting basic warrants by which people argue about decisions.

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Shanks, David R., and Mark F. St. John. "Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17, no. 3 (1994): 367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00035032.

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AbstractA number of ways of taxonomizing human learning have been proposed. We examine the evidence for one such proposal, namely, that there exist independent explicit and implicit learning systems. This combines two further distinctions, (1) between learning that takes place with versus without concurrent awareness, and (2) between learning that involves the encoding of instances (or fragments) versus the induction of abstract rules or hypotheses. Implicit learning is assumed to involve unconscious rule learning. We examine the evidence for implicit learning derived from subliminal learning, conditioning, artificial grammar learning, instrumental learning, and reaction times in sequence learning. We conclude that unconscious learning has not been satisfactorily established in any of these areas. The assumption that learning in some of these tasks (e.g., artificial grammar learning) is predominantly based on rule abstraction is questionable. When subjects cannot report the “implicitly learned” rules that govern stimulus selection, this is often because their knowledge consists of instances or fragments of the training stimuli rather than rules. In contrast to the distinction between conscious and unconscious learning, the distinction between instance and rule learning is a sound and meaningful way of taxonomizing human learning. We discuss various computational models of these two forms of learning.

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Mendy, Sang B., John T. Mendy, and Alieu Jobe. "The Generalized Viscosity Implicit Rules of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Hilbert Spaces." European Journal of Mathematical Analysis 1, no. 1 (2021): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28924/ada/ma.1.19.

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The generalized viscosity implicit rules of nonexpansive asymptotically mappings in Hilbert spaces are considered. The strong convergence theorems of the rules are proved under certain assumptions imposed on the sequences of parameters. An application of it in the convex minimization problem is considered. The results presented in this paper improve and extend some recent corresponding results in the literature.

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Manning, Patricia. "Exploratory teaching of grammar rules and CALL." ReCALL 8, no. 1 (1996): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000003372.

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Manning argued that exploratory teaching is well suited to learning with computers, as it increases the learners' autonomy and motivation. The main thrust of this paper is to evaluate the merits of exploratory teaching of grammatical rules as opposed to the more traditional explicit or implicit approaches. It provides a brief description of tests carried out on a group of learners of French in the UK, working on gender agreement rules, using a specifically designed CALL program and presents and analyses the results of the testing, which favour the Exploratory approach.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Implicit rules'

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