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Journal articles on the topic 'Implied Licence'
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1
Mysoor, Poorna. "Exhaustion, Non-exhaustion and Implied Licence." IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 49, no. 6 (June 19, 2018): 656–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-018-0721-3.
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Allgrove, Ben. "The search engine's dilemma: implied licence to crawl and cache?" Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 2, no. 7 (May 25, 2007): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpm086.
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Sumi, Shuji. "Canadian implied renunciation theory with an implied licence-basis for recognizing the purchasers’ rights to patented products." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 15, no. 10 (August 23, 2020): 800–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa116.
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Lai, Jessica C. "Exclusive rights of patent owners versus rights of chattel owners: the implied licence approach." Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal 18, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2018.1530862.
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Sumi, Shuji. "A common law doctrine of exhaustion based on an implied licence: a Canadian perspective." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 16, no. 7 (May 16, 2021): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpab077.
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Dixon, Martin. "The non-proprietary lease: the rise of the feudal phoenix." Cambridge Law Journal 59, no. 1 (March 2000): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300290016.
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MR. Bruton occupied a flat by virtue of a written agreement with the Quadrant Housing Trust. The agreement specifically categorised itself as a “weekly licence” although it did give exclusive possession to Bruton. For its part, the Trust held the flat as licensee from the freehold owner, Lambeth Council, in order to pursue its charitable housing aims of providing temporary and emergency accommodation. By virtue of section 32 of the Housing Act 1985, any grant of a lease by the Council to the Trust would have been ultra vires. Bruton accepted the “licence” from the Trust on this basis, but now alleged that he held the flat on a lease, giving security of tenure and triggering a repairing obligation for the Trust under section 11 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 (implied repairing obligations for short term leases). The High Court had held that the agreement was a licence and this was confirmed by the Court of Appeal, with Millett L.J. noting that it was difficult to see how Bruton could have a lease when the Trust itself held no estate in the land out of which a lease could have been granted: [1998] Q.B. 834, 845. The House of Lords, unanimously, held that Bruton had a lease on a simple application of Street v. Mountford [1985] A.C. 809. The fact that the Trust held no estate in the land was neither here nor there: Bruton v. London & Quadrant Housing Trust [1999] 3 W.L.R. 150.
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Lai, Jessica C. "The exhaustion of patent rights v the implied licence approach: untangling the web of patent rights." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 8, no. 3 (August 2018): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2018.03.03.
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Arrowsmith, S. "Failure to show breach of implied licence and secondary passing-off of airline goods by advertising agency." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 10, no. 1 (November 19, 2014): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpu219.
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Lee, Bong-mun. "A Study on an implied license as a plea for reason to patent infringement." Journal of Intellectual Property 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34122/jip.2008.06.3.1.75.
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Martinez, Juan. "FRAND as Access to All versus License to All." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 14, no. 8 (June 26, 2019): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz075.
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Abstract In the last few decades, standardised cellular technology has experienced an impressive (r)evolution. This is mainly due to the success of open standardisation marked by the commitment of some companies to contribute their best innovative technologies to standards and to make them accessible to all on Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) terms and conditions. Recently, a discussion has emerged on whether such commitment implies that the patent holder has an obligation to license everyone across the supply chain (‘license to all’) or whether he is only obliged to offer everyone access to its standard essential patents through licences with end user devices (‘access to all’). Also discussed is whether a requirement to grant a licence at all levels of the supply chain is legally and practically possible. This paper will analyse the commercial licensing practice in the Information and Communication Technology field, the economic efficiencies of such licensing approaches, as well as the legal and practical implications of each of them.
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Castagnoli, Charisse. "Evaluating Existing and Implied Licenses for On-Line Distribution Rights." Acquisitions Librarian 8, no. 15 (July 11, 1996): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j101v08n15_11.
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Banda, Dennis, and Mulenga Kapwepwe. "The influence of rurality and its indigenous knowledge on teaching methods in higher education – lessons from Ukulange Mbusa of the Bemba people of Zambia." Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 4, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v4i2.148.
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This study was on the influence of rurality and its Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) with reference to the Ukulange Mbusa (UM) ceremony of the Bemba people of the Northern Zambia. Rurality is a demographic and a social category and implies distance from urban centres, sparse population, lack of amenities, infrastructure and sometimes social deprivation. A lot of forms of indigenous knowledge are imparted on learners from rural areas before they join universities and meet other knowledge systems. The study tried to establish if some learning and teaching approaches, methods and techniques used in such traditional ceremonies and settings could influence the teaching and learning in higher learning institutions. Interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and documents analysis were used to collect data. The sample was drawn from traditional chiefs, women counsellors (alangizi) and university students initiated in the Ukulange Mbusa ceremony. Findings of the study are that the positive influences of rurality and their forms of indigenous knowledge are often minimised, misunderstood, ignored, viewed as backward, local, native, and therefore not suitable for use in higher learning institutions. However, this study argues that progressive indigenous forms of knowledge must be hybridized with the university ones, save negative ones such as those fuelling early marriages.
Keywords: Indigenous knowledge, Rurality, Folklore, Culture, ZambiaHow to cite this article:Banda, D. & Kapwepwe, M. 2020. The influence of rurality and its indigenous knowledge on teaching methods in higher education – lessons from Ukulange Mbusa of the Bemba people of Zambia. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. 4(2): 197-217. https://doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v4i2.148.This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Jenkins, Georgia. "An Extended Doctrine of Implied Consent – A Digital Mediator?" IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 52, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 706–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01024-2.
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AbstractThis article explores whether an extended doctrine of implied consent can better balance copyright interests in the digital environment, particularly users’ access to digital content. Implied licences are analysed from a variety of jurisdictions including the United Kingdom, the European Union, Germany, the United States and Australia to submit that the role of implied consent emerges as a fundamental legal principle in both common and civil law jurisdictions. Given the significance of consent within the doctrine of exhaustion, the article also evaluates its application in the digital environment and the extent to which this could impact the proposal for an extended doctrine of implied consent. The boundaries of the extended doctrine along with its practical impact will be assessed through an example illustrating users’ access and interaction with digital content. It then becomes clear from the discussion that follows, that an extended doctrine of implied consent has the potential to balance copyright interests in the digital environment due to its status as a fundamental legal principle and inherent flexibility to consider a range of factors regarding users’ subsequent use of digital content.
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Subramaniam, Sathiyaperba, Rozi Hanum Shaharudin, Nurul Bazilah Abdul Hamid, and Nadiah Hanim Abdul Wahab. "Motivation and Willingness to Communicate in English amongst ESL Engineering Pre-university Students in Malaysia." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, SI4 (July 31, 2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6isi4.2906.
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This study investigated the relationship between motivation and willingness to communicate (WTC) in English and motivation towards the WTC in English amongst pre-university Engineering students. The instruments used to investigate the motivation and the WTC in English and the correlation between motivation and WTC in English were administered amongst 109 respondents. There was a significant relationship between the variables. The multivariate regression results implied that 48.8% of WTC variance could be predicted from the motivation to communicate in English. The study provided important implications concerning the extension of the corpus of knowledge and pedagogical enhancement. Keywords: Motivation to communicate, Willingness to communicate, Engineering students eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2906
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Mabahwi, Nurul Ashikin, Hitoshi Nakamura, and Yasmin Bhattacharya. "Open Space as Evacuation Areas on Super Levees along the Arakawa River, Japan." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 4, no. 14 (November 16, 2019): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i14.353.
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The objective of this study is to re-evaluate the conceptualisation of super levees by focussing on the availability of open spaces as evacuation areas along the Arakawa River. By using land use, occupation and cross-section analysis, this study found that open spaces on super levees able to accommodate a large number of evacuees. This proves that the development of super levees is undeniably ready to provide sizeable safe upland evacuation area for nearby residents. This study also implies that the future development of super levee should include more open space by the development of a public park on the site.
Keywords: super levee; open space; flood; evacuation
eISSN 2514-751X © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER, ABRA & cE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i14.353
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Zayyanu, Muhammad, Zungwenen U. J., Johar F., and Rafee M. Majid. "Measuring Improvement in Quality of Life in Community-Based Development Projects in Nigeria." Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, no. 11 (May 21, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i11.124.
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The lingering problem of poverty prompted many countries to adopt community-based strategies for improving Quality of Life (QoL) of poor communities. Numerous studies have focused on identifying but ignored to establish the contribution of the factors that influence improvement in QoL by community-based projects. This paper measures, using Structural Equation Modelling, the contribution of the factors that influence QoL in a Community-based Poverty Reduction Project (CPRP) in Nigeria. The model revealed that the measured factors contributed only 36% of the reduction in poverty, which implies that there are other “hidden” factors responsible for the improvement in the quality of life.Keywords: Quality of Life, Community-based Projects, Poverty Reduction, Structural Equation ModellingeISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i11.124
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Muhammad, Zayyanu, Zungwenen Jonathan, Foziah Johar, and Rafee M. Majid. "A Structural Equation Model of Improvement in Quality of Life in a Community-Based Development Projects in Nigeria." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 4 (August 7, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i4.97.
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The lingering problem of poverty has prompted many countries to adopt community-based development strategy towards improving the Quality of Life (QoL) of their citizens. Numerous studies have focused on assessing QoL by measuring the manifested (measured) variables and ignored the significant contribution of some “latent” factors. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), this paper investigated the factors that influence improvement in the QoL in a Community-based Poverty Reduction Project (CPRP) in Nigeria. The model indicates that the measured variables cause only 36% (R2 = 0.36) of the reduction in poverty level of the project beneficiaries. This finding implies that there are other “hidden” factors responsible for the improvement in the quality of life.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Quality of Life, Community-based Development Projects, Poverty Reduction, Structural Equation Modelling
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Mabahwi, Nurul Ashikin Binti, and Hitoshi Nakamura. "Re-evaluation of the conceptualisation of super levees by focusing on the availability of open space as an evacuation area along the Arakawa River." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 4, no. 11 (July 14, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1757.
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The objective of this study is to re-evaluate the conceptualisation of super levees by focussing on the availability of open spaces as evacuation areas along the Arakawa River. By using land use analysis, occupation analysis and cross-section, this study found that open spaces on super levees able to accommodate a large number of evacuees. This proves that the development of super levees is undeniably ready to provide sizeable safe upland evacuation area for nearby residents. This study also implies that the future development of super levee should include more open space by the development of a public park on the site.Keywords: super levee; open space; flood; evacuationeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Haubrich, Gislene, and Ernani Cesar de Freitas. "Cultura e organizações: a atividade de trabalho em editoriais de jornal de empresa." Revista da Anpoll 1, no. 39 (December 31, 2015): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18309/anp.v1i39.908.
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O trabalho ordena as sociedades perante a ação humana. Com base nesse pressuposto, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar a imbricação da cultura à cultura organizacional mediante o ato de linguagem manifesto em editoriais de jornal da empresa Hera. A partir da noção de cultura na contemporaneidade, com enfoque ao mundo do trabalho (HALL, 2003; ANTUNES, 2009), busca-se estabelecer um diálogo com o entendimento da cultura organizacional perante os saberes (SCHWARTZ; DURRIVE, 2007), os elementos ideológicos (MORGAN, 2011) e os mecanismos de conduta (GEERTZ, 2008). A análise, denominada teórico-ergo-discursiva, está ancorada na teoria semiolinguística (CHARAUDEAU, 2010, 2012). A evidência principal do estudo está na urgência das relações sociais no trabalho, visto que mesmo diante da força dos processos simbólicos que transformam a relação sujeito-atividade, ainda é preponderante a intencionalidade objetiva, prescritiva e mercantilizada da cultura. Nesse sentido, repensar as práticas organizacionais manifestas pelo discurso, no vínculo linguagem e trabalho, implica atribuir à cultura e à atividade laboral a dimensão simbólica que os institui. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
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Ergashev, Alisher. "The Economic Benefits of Improvements in Online Licensing of The Chemical Use in Queensland Crop Industries." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036046.
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The selective use of chemical products plays an important role in increasing production, improving the quality of Queensland’s agricultural produce and enabling producers to earn reasonable returns on their investments. Effective pest management, therefore, helps deliver high quality, healthy and affordable food for all consumers. The efficiency of policy tools such as chemical use licensing hinges critically on supply-side knowledge levels. Although licence applications are available online, information can be difficult to find and often businesses need to contact the state authority to seek further assistance in completing their licence applications. The aim of this study is therefore to identify the benefits for the users of agricultural chemicals from improvements in licensing application process. Based on a rigorous literature review and statistical analysis of available data, this study modelled the per day/per application value of the use of crop protection products in Queensland. Results indicate a potential saving by farmers due to a faster process for chemical licence applications. Extreme values of these savings range from $87 thousand to $52 million per annum, with actual ones falling in between depending on the coincidence and level of individual risk factors. Since the chemicals subject to licensing are used beyond agriculture and are utilised not only for crop protection, the results of this analysis are thus underestimated, which implies even greater benefits for the economy. It therefore seems important to update the current licence application platform so that applicants can lodge their application in a more user-friendly and synchronised manner.
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Azemat, Saeed, Seyed Bagher Hossini, Navid Elyasi, and Farhang Mozaffar. "The Effect of the Vitality Level of University Campuses on Increasing Social Interactions." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 12 (July 19, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.133.
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In recent years, universities in Iran have been developed and extended, and the open spaces which help to attain the university goals have been rarely considered. This study aims at reviewing the previous landscape designing theories and approaches, which leads to making vitality in the university spaces and finally the effective parameters of vitality in university open spaces. Therefore, this study is a descriptive review of esthetic, ecological and social-cultural aspects of landscape architecture designing in the academic spaces, and as its title implies, it tries to find a way to develop the science of designing open spaces in university sites in such a way that it improves the quality of interactions in these open spaces.Keywords: Landscape architecture; university campus; landscape social- culture aspect; ecology aspecteISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Tao, Ting, Decun Dong, Shize Huang, Wei Chen, and Lingyu Yang. "Object Detection-Based License Plate Localization and Recognition in Complex Environments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 12 (September 27, 2020): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120954202.
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Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) has made great progress, yet is still challenged by various factors in the real world, such as blurred or occluded plates, skewed camera angles, bad weather, and so on. Therefore, we propose a method that uses a cascade of object detection algorithms to accurately and speedily recognize plates’ contents. In our method, YOLOv3-Tiny, an end-to-end object detection network, is used to locate license plate areas, and YOLOv3 to recognize license plate characters. According to the type and position of the recognized characters, a logical judgment is made to obtain the license plate number. We applied our method to a truck weighing system and constructed a dataset called SM-ALPR, encapsulating pictures captured by this system. It is demonstrated by experiment and by comparison with two other methods applied to this dataset that our method can locate 99.51% of license plate areas in the images and recognize 99.02% of the characters on the plates while maintaining a higher running speed. Specifically, our method exhibits a better performance on challenging images that contain blurred plates, skewed angles, or accidental occlusion, or have been captured in bad weather or poor light, which implies its potential in more diversified practice scenarios.
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Nordin, Nadhirah, Hitoshi Nakamura, and Yasmin Bhattacharya. "Objective and Subjective Physical Measures of the Neighbourhood Environment among Older People." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 4, no. 14 (November 11, 2019): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v4i14.337.
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This paper aims to explore the relation between objective and subjective neighbourhood walkability and its impact on the physical activity level of older adults. The correlations were used to signify older people's level of physical activity in Johor Bahru neighbourhoods, Malaysia. The results show residents in a highly dense area with higher accessibility to facilities perceived higher walkability level but showed a lower actual physical activity level. People living in high intersection density areas who recognised high walkability demonstrated higher physical activity level, while residents in a highly dense area with higher accessibility show lower physical activity level. This implies that neighbourhoods with high intersection density demonstrated a highly walkable environment rather than neighbourhoods with high density and high accessibility.
Keywords: Active ageing; physical neighbourhood environment; neighbourhood liveability; quality of life
eISSN 2514-7528 ©2019 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v4i14.337
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Stadnisky, Michael D., Xuefang Xie, Ebony R. Coats, Timothy N. Bullock, and Michael G. Brown. "Self MHC class I–licensed NK cells enhance adaptive CD8 T-cell viral immunity." Blood 117, no. 19 (May 12, 2011): 5133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-12-324632.
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AbstractMHC class I (MHC I) is essential to NK- and T-cell effector and surveillance functions. However, it is unknown whether MHC I polymorphism influences adaptive immunity through NK cells. Previously, we found that MHC I Dk, a cognate ligand for the Ly49G2 inhibitory receptor, was essential to NK control of murine (M)CMV infection. Here we assessed the significance of NK inhibitory receptor recognition of MCMV on CD8 T cells in genetically defined MHC I Dk disparate mice. We observed that Dk-licensed Ly49G2+ NK cells stabilized and then enhanced conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) recovery after infection. Furthermore, licensed NK support of cDC recovery was essential to enhance the tempo, magnitude, and effector activity of virus-specific CD8 T cells. Minimal cDC and CD8 T-cell number differences after low-dose MCMV in Dk disparate animals further implied that licensed NK recognition of MCMV imparted qualitative cDC changes to enhance CD8 T-cell priming.
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Lam, Schuman, Heng Li, and Ann T. W. Yu. "Rethinking Urbanization: A Transit-Information-Communication –Technology-Oriented Development Path for the Developing Countries and Post-Industrial Towns." Geosfera Indonesia 6, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v6i1.20810.
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This study explores a new path of urbanization to enhance the conventional economy-led urban development practice by conducting an urban quality of life (Uqol) survey. It analyzes the Uqol evaluation gap caused by demographic attributes between developing countries, developed countries, and post-industrial town. We adopted a mixed-methods research design, including a literature review and an Uqol survey, to suggest the transit-oriented-development (TOD) and information-communication-technology (ICT) based urban-rural development concept. The finding indicates a disparity of Uqol mean score rankings among the developing countries, developed countries, and the marginalized post-industrial town. It highlights the health, transportation, socio-economic, and technological development in the developing countries strongly desired. Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Mann-Whitney U-test results show significant differences in economy, technology-ICT, smart living, and lifestyle within education, profession, age, and country groups. It clarifies that the well-being gap is shaped by demography and exhibited geographically, which implies TOD-ICT advancement can break down geographical barriers for achieving sustainable growth in remote areas. Supported by the planetary urbanization theory, the human-technology-driven urban development process would facilitate the maturity and implementation of the proposed TOD-ICT-based urban-ruralism (UxR) concept for enhancing the future global urbanization process.
Keywords : Human and Social Geography; Information-Communication-Technology; Urban Policymaking; Transit-Oriented-Development; Urban Quality of Life
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Sethi, Ahsan, and Gohar Wajid. "Continuing Professional Development for Doctors in Pakistan is need of the hour." Health Professions Educator Journal 3, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53708/hpej.v3i1.714.
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In Pakistan, health professionals get their professional undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications after thorough training and assessment criteria as defined by their respective national regulatory bodies. These qualifications help them get registered and get a license for clinical practice in their respective domains. Any registrations and licenses are renewed by paying the prescribed fee without any requirements for reassessment or recertifications. Over the last few decades, health sciences have shown rapid advancements with the invention of new drugs and technologies. Due to this exponential increase in knowledge, no practitioner can hope to remain competent for more than a few years after graduation without a program of active learning. As such, a well-structured and regulated program of lifelong learning must be followed by all health professionals. To keep health professionals abreast with these changes and to ensure the maintenance of certain minimum competencies, there is a need for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to be implemented at the national level with strict regulatory compliance. According to World Federation for Medical Education (World Federation for Medical Education, 2015), Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a process of education and training commencing after completion of basic and postgraduate medical education, thereafter, continuing as long as the health professional is engaged in professional activities. CPD mainly implies self-directed and practice-based learning activities in addition to supervised education, and rarely involves supervised training for an extended period of time. The terms ‘Continuing Medical Education (CME)’ and ‘Continuing Professional Development (CPD)’ are often used synonymously.
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Luo, Hong, and Julie Holland Mortimer. "Copyright Infringement in the Market for Digital Images." American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161017.
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Digital technologies for sharing creative goods create new opportunities for copyright infringement and challenge established enforcement methods. We establish several important facts about the nature of copyright infringement and efforts to settle past infringing use in the market for digital images. Infringement in this, and many other markets, is often uninformed: users may be unaware that their use infringes, and may lack information about the price of a license. The uninformed nature of infringement implies that price may not be the primary factor in the decision to settle past use; in contrast, non-price factors may significantly affect settlement outcomes.
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Binkley, Clark S., and Daowei Zhang. "Impact of timber-fee increases on British Columbia forest products companies: an economic and policy analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-032.
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On 14 April 1994, the British Columbia government announced a new stumpage formula that, at then-expected product prices, increased the average charge by about $12/m3 and more than doubled the rate at which stumpage fees change when lumber prices change. Most of the increased revenues are reinvested in the forest sector by a new organization, Forest Renewal British Columbia (FRBC), created specifically for that purpose. Using standard event-study methodologies, this paper documents the net effect of the fee increases and new policy direction on British Columbia forest products companies. After controlling for firm-specific risk and the decline in the Toronto Stock Exchange that occurred at about the same time, the new stumpage policy extracted about $1.0 billion from shareholders of the firms studied, and perhaps $2.4 billion from all licencees (an amount roughly equal to the capitalized after-tax cost of the higher fees). The impact on individual firms is highly correlated with the allowable annual cut (AAC) in replaceable licenses each holds, with an average impact of about $33.3/m3 of AAC. The market appears to have discounted both the good news about offsets in impending timber-supply reductions that the creation of FRBC implies and the reductions in earnings risk that the new stumpage system provides. When added to the increased regulatory costs associated with the new provincial Forest Practice Code, the timber-fee increases appear to have fully depleted the value of holding British Columbia timber quotas.
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Drago, Francesco, Friederike Mengel, and Christian Traxler. "Compliance Behavior in Networks: Evidence from a Field Experiment." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 96–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170690.
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This paper studies the spread of compliance behavior in neighborhood networks in Austria. We exploit a field experiment that varied the content of mailings sent to potential evaders of TV license fees. The data reveal a strong treatment spillover: untreated households are more likely to switch from evasion to compliance in response to mailings received by their network neighbors. Digging deeper into the properties of the spillover, we find that it is concentrated among close neighbors of the targets and increases with the treated households’ diffusion centrality. Local concentration of equally treated households implies a lower spillover. (JEL C93, D12, D85, L82, L88, Z13)
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Castaneda, Delio I., and Luisa F. Manrique. "Colchones Eldorado: dreaming of innovating." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, no. 8 (October 17, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211320533.
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Subject area Innovation and creativity in small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Latin America. Study level/applicability The case is recommended for creativity and innovation subjects, in undergraduate and MBA levels. The case is also suggested for subjects associated with the organizational dynamics on SMEs. Case overview Colchones Eldorado is a Colombian company dedicated to the bedding industry. The company was founded in 1957 by Gumercindo Gómez Caro, a creative man who in 1959 invented a machine to make springs, which allowed the company to grow steadily for several decades. On November 18, 2004, the founder's daughter, Martha Luz Gomez, was appointed as General Manager. On April 2011 it obtained a license from Sealy, the biggest mattress making company in the USA. The license implied a challenge - testing the company's innovative capacities to adapt Sealy mattresses to satisfy consumers in the Colombian market. Expected learning outcomes Students are shown the characteristics of the creative and innovation process in a Latin American SME, and the innovation challenges which are faced. From the reading and the case discussion, the students should be able to: analyse the manifestations of the creative process in an SME; identify examples of the innovation types of an SME; and discuss the organizational conditions to answer the creativity and innovation challenges in an SME. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Lintaman, Daniel. "Unusual canvasses: resolving copyright infringement through the lens of community customs." Interactive Entertainment Law Review 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ielr.2020.01.01.
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The evolution of video game technology is outpacing intellectual property law. As augmented realities and online gaming environments continue to collapse the distinction between real and virtual worlds, they have rendered traditional frameworks for copyright law unworkable. Gaming environments were traditionally circumscribed by the magic circle. Video games now interact with the outside world in a way that obscures the divide between the public domain and the private. Such disruption undermines copyright's core purpose of balancing interests, and transforms issues such as implied license, fair dealing, and moral rights into enigmas. This article proposes a framework that redraws the magic circle using the consent-based customs of gaming communities. Only those who play at the vanguard have the expertise to reconcile copyright with modern video games without constraining creativity or innovation. Deferring to community norms restores compatibility between copyright and unusual canvasses while preserving the integrity of these interesting works.
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Scharfetter, Beate, and Marco Van Dijk. "Legislation governing the implementation of small-scale hydropower projects for rural electrification in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i2a2005.
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The Department of Energy’s ‘new household electrification strategy’ allows for any appropriate and affordable technology option to be applied towards achieving South Africa’s non-grid electrification target of 300 000 households over the period 2014 to 2025. This paper describes the main legislative and regulatory framework governing the implementation of small-scale hydropower (SHP) projects in South Africa with the aim of attaining the objectives of the non-grid electrification component of the ‘new household electrification strategy’, and indicates that it is possible to implement such projects within South Africa’s complex institutional architecture. The inclusion of run-of-river type small-scale hydropower projects for rural electrification in the 2016 updated General Authorisation eased the process of attaining regulatory compliance in terms the National Water Act. This implies that these types of SHP projects would only need to follow a registration process to obtain the required water use authorisation, and not a full water use licence application process.
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Joppi, Roberta. "European and Italian regulation on orphan medicinal products." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 14, no. 2 (March 22, 2013): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v14i2.633.
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The paper presents an overview of the European and Italian Regulation on Orphan Medicinal Products (OMPs), along with some data on the OMPs licensed in the EU from 2000 to 2012. The EU legislation encourages pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs for rare diseases, so-called “orphan drugs”. The European Medicine Agency recognizes orphan drug status mainly on the basis of the prevalence of the disease (≤ 5/10,000), and potential benefit. Orphan status implies incentives for pharmaceutical companies. From 2000 up to 2012 890 candidate orphan drug designations received a positive opinion and the marketing authorization was granted to 72 OMPs corresponding to 80 different indications. Currently, 59 OMPs are available to Italian patients either because licensed to the market by the AIFA or included in the list of the L. 648/96. Despite of an encouraging regulation nearly all the currently estimated rare diseases still await treatments.
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Carmizini, Gilmara Dias Galvão, and Raquel Lauriano Rodrigues Fink. "Viabilidade jurídica acerca da ampliação da licença maternidade." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): e25610615697. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15697.
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A licença maternidade é um direito da mãe, dessa forma o Estado deve garanti-lo. Não obstante a existência de leis que desempenham a proteção à amamentação ocupando papel fundamental, o cenário jurídico atual leva à uma reflexão referente ao período de licença, mormente diante da previsão legal de afastamento de 120 dias, havendo uma discrepância com a necessidade da criança em relação à amamentação, de mínimo de 6 meses de amamentação exclusiva, como defendem a Organização Mundial da Saúde e o Ministério da Saúde. O trabalho visou analisar a viabilidade da expansão da licença maternidade propondo sua ampliação para, no mínimo, 180 dias, em contraposição ao previsto na legislação brasileira. Abordou a legislação interna, a exemplo da Lei nº 11.770/08 que criou o Programa Empresa Cidadã, a qual faculta às empresas sua adesão para ampliação da licença para 180 dias como forma de incentivo fiscal, o que, no entanto, implica em tratamento desigual entre as trabalhadoras. Comparando as legislações nacionais e internacionais vigentes acerca da licença maternidade pode-se perceber que há outros países que preveem maiores benefícios às mães com períodos maiores de licença maternidade. Para elaboração do presente estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em textos legais, doutrina e artigos científicos. Como conclusão, respeitando os princípios constitucionais, voltados aos direitos e garantias individuais do ser humano, verifica-se viável e necessária a ampliação do período da licença maternidade, visando a proteção de direitos fundamentais e melhores condições de vida pessoal e profissional da mãe e, por consequência, de seu filho.
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Morawetz, Thomas. "The Epistemology of Judging: Wittgenstein and Deliberative Practices." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 3, no. 2 (July 1990): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900001156.
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Wittgenstein seeks to inoculate us against the lure of metaphors. The conundrums of philosophy are, he implies, often the misbegotten offspring of abused metaphors. How many rooms are needed to house the “furniture of our mind”? With what key do others gain access to my “private” thoughts and feelings?Jurisprudence has its own syllabus of philosophical puzzles. One of the hardiest is the issue of judicial license and judicial standards. This issue has special fascination for American legal theorists because of the pivotal role played by the Supreme Court in exercising the power of judicial review by interpreting the Constitution. American theorists have taken for granted, and other theorists have seemed to acquiesce in this assumption, that to understand the nature of law is to understand how appellate judges find and/or make law.
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Suray, I. G., and V. I. Ohten. "Licensing of economic activity in Ukraine health care system." Likarska sprava, no. 5-6 (June 27, 2018): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.5-6.2018(30).
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The article substantiates the complex nature of the legislation in the sphere of regulation of medical practice activity that includes the rules of various branches of law, which at the same time are connected with the same subject of legal regulation. It shows the role of licensing as a main instrument of medical practice activity regulation – the kind of economic activity in the sphere of health care that is provided by the entities exclusively on the basis of a license obtained according to the law and implies the provision of medical care and medical services aimed on the realization of human rights regarding the protection of their health as the highest social value. In the article there are results of the analysis of the regulative and legal ensuring of licensing process of economic activity in the modern system of health care of Ukraine.
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Vasilyeva, Svetlana. "Factors Building Customers Loyalty to Russian Commercial Banks." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2018, no. 5 (October 30, 2018): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201857.
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The article considers factors of customer loyalty to Russian commercial banks. The research conducted by the author shows that interest rates on deposits, bank reliability and orientation towards raising funds from individuals are the main factors determining the choice of a bank. The article presents a comparative analysis of the significance of these factors for March 2012 and September 2017. In March 2012, an increase in deposits rates had a positive influence on a bank market share; in September 2017, the influence was negative. Trend reversal is due to the Bank of Russia policy of banking sector cleaning that started in 2013 and implied revocation of bank licenses, bank sanitations, and control over interest rates on deposits set by banks. The higher level of bank reliability and client orientation have a positive effect on the bank’s share in both periods.
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Nath, Nilanjana Dev, Shreekant Jha, Janki Meena M, and Syedibrahim S.p. "A SURVEY PAPER ON ELASTIC SEARCH SIMILARITY ALGORITHM." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 13 (April 1, 2017): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s1.19757.
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Elasticsearch is a web search tool in view of Lucene. Apache Lucene is a free and open-source data retrieval programming library. Versatile Search gives a conveyed, multitenant-fit full-content web search tool with a HTTP web interface and pattern free JSON archives. It is created in Java and has been released as open source under the terms of the Apache License. Elasticsearch can be utilized to pursuit a wide range of records. It gives adaptable hunt, has close continuous pursuit, and backings multitenancy. It is appropriated, which implies that records can be partitioned into shards and every shard can have zero or more duplicates. Every hub has one or more shards, and goes about as a facilitator to delegate operations to the right shard(s). Elasticsearch is like a wrapper on top of Lucene. In this paper a detailed description of how lucene’s scoring algorithm works and how elasticsearch uses it as “similarity algorithm”
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Erdheim, Mario. "Paul Parin, la caccia e l'etnopsicoanalisi." PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, no. 3 (September 2020): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2020-003006.
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L'etnopsicoanalisi implica anche, come hanno sottolineato etnopsicoanalisti quali Paul Parin e Mario Erdheim, la libertà di seguire la propria curiosità (Erdheim ad esempio ha fatto ricerche sugli studenti delle scuole superiori). Viene discusso un libro di Paul Parin sulla caccia (Die Jagd. Licence for Sex and Crime. Erzählungen und Essays. Wien: Mandelbaum Verlag, 2018), ma non tanto come omaggio all'opera letteraria di Parin, bensì come contributo all'etnopsicoanalisi e alla sua metodologia. Paul Parin (1916-2009) aveva più volte parlato del progetto di scrivere un libro sul potere, ma credeva di non poterlo scrivere. Aveva però scritto questa raccolta di storie di caccia che di fatto è anche un libro sul potere. Questo libro è un importante contributo alle fantasie e ai processi di potere, al punto che può essere in un qualche modo associato al libro di Elias Canetti del 1960 Massa e potere e allo scritto di Sigmund Freud del 1910 Osservazioni psicoanalitiche su un caso di paranoia (dementia paranoides) descritto autobiograficamente (Caso clinico del presidente Schreber).
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Tupper, N. P., E. F. Tadiar, D. L. Price, and J. D. S. Goodall. "A REVISED DEPOSITIONAL MODEL FOR EAST SPAR AND ITS IMPACT ON FIELD PERFORMANCE." APPEA Journal 42, no. 1 (2002): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01025.
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The East Spar gas condensate field is located in production licence WA-13-L in the offshore Carnarvon Basin. Production commenced in 1996 with two subsea wells linked to processing facilities on Varanus Island via a multi-phase pipeline. The pressure performance of the field has been significantly different to predevelopment expectations. This prompted a reexamination of the seismic and well data to investigate the potential for alternative reservoir models.Integrated stratigraphic and seismic interpretation reveals that the Barrow Group reservoir sands were deposited within an incised valley of limited lateral extent. Sea level fall instigated erosion of a valley that on transgression was filled with successive fluvial, estuarine and marine sediments. Good quality sands are expected to be limited to this valley, the upper part of which can be mapped on seismic. Poor sand development in East Spar–2ST is consistent with its location at the edge of the incised valley.Before development, the primary production mechanism was expected to be a strong bottom water drive comparable with other Barrow Group fields in the Carnarvon Basin. The revised depositional model, however, and the observed decline in reservoir pressure, indicate that connection to this regional aquifer is limited. This implies that water influx will probably be later, and ultimate recovery higher, than previously anticipated.
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Lee, Suzanne E., Gary S. Robinson, and John G. Casali. "An Analytical Look at Live and CB Speech Intelligibility in Contemporary Commercial Truck Cabs Based on the Articulation Index." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 17 (October 1998): 1180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201701.
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The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) currently has a hearing requirement for individuals seeking a commercial driver's license for interstate commerce. The existence of such a requirement implies that truck driving is a hearing-critical job, perhaps including speech communication tasks. Indeed, a task analysis performed in an earlier phase of this research confirmed that there are many hearing critical truck driving tasks, including several speech communication tasks. However, previous studies have shown that the truck cab environment can be quite noisy, perhaps noisy enough to impair speech communication. In this study, an analytical method known as the Articulation Index (AI) was used to predict the level of intelligibility in truck cabs for live and CB speech given certain measured truck-cab noise levels. Results showed that except in the quietest noise conditions, speech communication is severely degraded in the truck cab, a finding with potential safety implications. The AI method described herein can be used as a standardized analytical technique to evaluate speech intelligibility in various truck cab environments for design and comparison purposes.
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Jarrah, Marwan. "A cartographic approach to embedded word order in Jordanian Arabic." Folia Linguistica 53, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 367–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2019-2015.
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Abstract This paper investigates marked and unmarked word order patterns in embedded clauses in Jordanian Arabic (JA), motivating a mono-clausal analysis of them. It shows that ‘topic’ in this Arabic dialect is not a unique category, nor susceptible to a single analysis, hence providing support for proposals that argue for topics typology. For instance, topics that express information that is newly introduced, newly changed or newly returned to, i.e. Aboutness Topic, are shown not to be licensed in JA embedded clauses. On the other hand, the study argues that topics that convey familiar information, i.e. Familiar Topic, are more constrained in embedded contexts than previously believed; they are not recursive. Such a state of affairs implies that there are no elements being assigned the same informational/communicative value in the left periphery of JA embedded clauses.
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Mattila, Janne. "THE ETHICAL PROGRESSION OF THE PHILOSOPHER IN AL-RĀZĪ AND AL-FĀRĀBĪ." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 27, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423916000114.
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AbstractAbū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. 925) and al-Fārābī (d. 950) both adopt the classical ideal of a philosophical way of life in the sense that being a philosopher implies certain ethical guidelines to which the philosopher should adhere. In both cases, moreover, their ethical writings appear to reflect a certain tension with respect to what the ethical goal of the philosopher consists of. In this study, I will argue that this apparent tension is relieved when their ethics is understood as a progression in a double sense. In the first sense, both authors adopt the Neoplatonic distinction between pre-philosophical and philosophical ethics. The second aspect of the progression takes place within the degree of virtue required of the philosopher, which for al-Rāzī and al-Fārābī proceeds in contrary directions. For al-Rāzī, the philosopher progresses from the moderately ascetic requirements ofSpiritual Medicineto the higher license present inPhilosophical Life, following the stages of the life of Socrates. In contrast, for al-Fārābī the progression follows roughly along the Neoplatonic grades of virtue from Aristotelian moderation, which inExhortation to the Way to Happinessis connected with character training in a pre-philosophical sense, towards purely contemplative existence.
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Ndungo’, Jackson Mnago, Dr Olweny Tobias, and Dr Memba Florence. "EFFECT OF CREDIT ACCESS FUNCTION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SACCOS IN KENYA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.144.
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Purpose: The study sought to establish the effect of credit access function on financial performance of SACCOs in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population comprised of registered 181 deposit-taking SACCOs as at 31st December 2014 and the three licensed CRBs in Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used in the study, where SACCOs were grouped into five respective strata which were then randomly selected. The SACCOs were grouped into five respective strata of government based, teachers based, farmers based, private institutions based and community based. The study sampled 135 of the 181 (74.5%) licensed deposit taking SACCOs since these were the only licensed deposit-taking SACCOs by 2014. The choice of the licensed deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya was very objective since it was possible to obtain information that is representative of Kenya. In addition, SACCOs form the smaller arm in the financial sector and in most cases deals with a larger group of clients from the informal sector as opposed to other financial institutions like banks. Both primary and secondary data were analyzed using SPSS software, and statistics generated included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The particular descriptive statistics used included frequencies and percentages while the particular inferential statistics included Pearson correlation analysis and regression. Correlation analysis was used to establish either positive or negative relationships between the variables. Regression analysis was used to establish the significance of the variables and the degree of causal effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The hypotheses testing were conducted using simple regression model.Findings: From the data analysis the study concluded that there was a significant and positive relationship between credit access function and financial performance thus the existence of credit reference bureaus was suitable for improving financial performance of SACCOs. This implied that CRBs help improve credit access resulting to increase in income in form of interest charged from the loans granted. In addition, Credit reference bureaus have led to increase in small and short-term loans. Credit reference bureaus helped members remove fear for access of credit and also for lenders no longer fear to get a negative selection of applicants since their competitor has already picked all cherries.Recommendation: The study recommended that lenders should reduce unnecessary transaction costs like high interest rates on provision of credits which may shy away borrowers or even make loans expensive thus reducing credit access to borrowers. There was also a need to develop strategic plans to act as a road map for the SACCOs future plans that would enhance credit access and performance improvement.
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Ndungo’, Jackson Mnago, Dr Olweny Tobias, and Dr Memba Florence. "EFFECT OF CONSUMER PROTECTION FUNCTION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SACCOS IN KENYA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.145.
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Purpose: The study sought to determine the effect of consumer protection function on financial performance of SACCOs in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population comprised of registered 181 deposit-taking SACCOs as at 31st December 2014 and the three licensed CRBs in Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used in the study, where SACCOs were grouped into five respective strata which were then randomly selected. The SACCOs were grouped into five respective strata of government based, teachers based, farmers based, private institutions based and community based. The study sampled 135 of the 181 (74.5%) licensed deposit taking SACCOs since these were the only licensed deposit-taking SACCOs by 2014. The choice of the licensed deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya was very objective since it was possible to obtain information that is representative of Kenya. In addition, SACCOs form the smaller arm in the financial sector and in most cases deals with a larger group of clients from the informal sector as opposed to other financial institutions like banks. Both primary and secondary data were analyzed using SPSS software, and statistics generated included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The particular descriptive statistics used included frequencies and percentages while the particular inferential statistics included Pearson correlation analysis and regression. Correlation analysis was used to establish relationships between the consumer protection function and financial performances. Regression analysis was used to establish the significance of the variables and the degree of causal effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The hypotheses testing were conducted using simple regression model.Findings: From the data analysis the study concluded that there was a significant and positive relationship between consumer protection function and financial performance thus the existence of credit reference bureaus was suitable for improving financial performance of SACCOs. This implies that that Credit reference bureaus have led to consumer protection and increased customers’ rights. Similarly, credit reference bureaus have led to assumption that borrowing is a right regardless of capabilities. Credit reference bureaus have reduces undesired monopolistic actions of lenders. Lastly, credit reference bureaus have led to reduced bad “culture” on loan repayment.Recommendation: The study recommended that lenders should ensure that they have accurate information before listing the unworthy borrowers to avoid unnecessary legal battles which may affect performance as a measure for customer rights protection.
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Harjanto, Totok, Widowati Budi Pratiwi, Sunika Puspasuci, and Lesiana Eka Hapsari. "Factors Affecting the Students’ Coping Strategy Dealing with National Nurse Competence Examination: Which are More Related?" Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jks.2018.13.1.784.
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<span>National nurse competency examination (UKNI) aims to measure standards of nurses approved with Nurse’s Register License. This examination could induce anxieties that affect students’ readiness, performance and graduation. The objective of this study was to describe coping strategy in dealing with national nurse competency examination and its related factors which are anxiety and perception. A descriptive study was performed on 80 nursing students at clinical rotation nursing program who enrolled in March 2017’s nurse competency examination. German Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI-G), Perception Questionnaire and Coping Strategy Indicators (CSI) were used to measure exam anxiety, student’s perception and coping strategy respectively. The results show that regarding to students’ perception, 37 students (46,3%) demonstrated good perception and the rest (58,7%) showed poor perception. Forty two students (52.5%) experienced low anxiety and the rest (47.5%) experienced high anxiety. In regards to coping strategy in dealing with competence examination, 44 students were in good category (55%), while 36 students (45%) were in poor category. This study implies that information about the national nurse competence examination should be provided as earlier as possible, so that students could make adequate preparation.</span>
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Erickson, Dane, Carson Reeling, and John G. Lee. "The Effect of Chronic Wasting Disease on Resident Deer Hunting Permit Demand in Wisconsin." Animals 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121096.
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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has had a negative impact on deer license demand in Wisconsin since it was first found in the state in 2002. Prior work evaluates the effect of CWD on hunting permit sales, but only in the period immediately after the disease was discovered. We use data on hunting permit sales, permit price, and other demand shifters to estimate a model of deer permit demand for the period 1966–2015. We use the estimated model to quantify the effect of CWD on (1) hunter demand for deer permits; (2) hunter surplus from hunting; and (3) lost hunting permit revenues. Hunter participation declined by 5.4% after CWD was detected in 2002. Hunter surplus decreased by $96 million over this period, while permit revenues declined by nearly $17 million. The effect of CWD was greater on demand for firearm permits than for archery permits. We also find that the effects of CWD diminish over time in absolute terms. This is because permit demand would have started to decline in 2008 even in the absence of CWD. This finding implies efforts to control CWD and efforts at hunter recruitment are economic complements and should be pursued jointly to maximize hunter welfare.
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Khosla, Arpit, and Anuradha C.B. "Framework for Demystifying M2M Spectrum Regulation." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v6n3.139.
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The evolving M2M landscape not only cuts across diverse verticals but also embraces a range of networks and devices. This diversity leads to varied and dynamic requirements, which make regulatory policy formulation a daunting challenge. In this fast-changing environment, of all the regulatory policy dimensions, the one that confounds the regulator the most is the regulation of Spectrum. The typical dilemmas that regulators face in the domain of spectrum can be boiled down to questions like- Is the unlicensed band sufficient to maintain scalability with QOS for various use cases, Does the demand and other requirements warrant a separate licensed band for M2M etc. As expected, there is no panacea for spectrum access regulation. This can be attributed to the fact that the technical requirements (for example data throughput, reliability, range, and output power etc.) vary dramatically across the spectrum of use cases. To exacerbate the confusion in sizing up the varied and fast-changing technical requirements, a regulator is also expected to align its spectrum access policies to regulations and standards of other verticals. The advent of new Cognitive Radio, DSA, and other technologies, definitely don’t make the task of regulator any simpler.
To us, the aforementioned situation implied that long-standing spectrum regulation principles and practices might have to go through an evolution. We do not claim that the basic objective of balancing spectrum demand, supply, and utilization will change. However, we believe that the way the regulator looks at these dimensions needs to change. To uncover this systematic change we researched the evolving practices of access network’s spectrum regulation across the globe, across verticals and across stakeholders. Then we tried to identify a pattern, which we crystallized into a simple framework. Our analysis is primarily based on secondary research.
Via our paper, we wanted to share our perspective on the changed way in which regulator should look at Demand, supply, and utilization of Spectrum. In our paper, we propose a framework of factors, when considered, will help regulators look at this new world with an evolved lens. Using some selective samples our study also attempts at illustrating, as to how some of the proposed approaches (e.g. understanding spectrum demand) have been implemented by certain regulators. In certain sections of the paper, we also augment our view with specific data points from certain vertical industries. Finally, our study delves into earmarking and detailing the policy levers (e.g. Spectrum fees, sharing regulations, License Authorization Model) which can help regulator in reaching the aspired policy posture. The policy levers include both traditional and new age levers.
Overall this framework attempts to demystify the spectrum policy regulation in the age of M2m/IOT. Additionally, our paper can also serve as a reference to many new players in M2M/IOT, who do not have a clear idea, as to what all ways, can a regulators spectrum policy impact their solution or their vertical.
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Khosla, Arpit, and Anuradha C.B. "Framework for Demystifying M2M Spectrum Regulation." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v6n3.139.
Full textAbstract:
The evolving M2M landscape not only cuts across diverse verticals but also embraces a range of networks and devices. This diversity leads to varied and dynamic requirements, which make regulatory policy formulation a daunting challenge. In this fast-changing environment, of all the regulatory policy dimensions, the one that confounds the regulator the most is the regulation of Spectrum. The typical dilemmas that regulators face in the domain of spectrum can be boiled down to questions like- Is the unlicensed band sufficient to maintain scalability with QOS for various use cases, Does the demand and other requirements warrant a separate licensed band for M2M etc. As expected, there is no panacea for spectrum access regulation. This can be attributed to the fact that the technical requirements (for example data throughput, reliability, range, and output power etc.) vary dramatically across the spectrum of use cases. To exacerbate the confusion in sizing up the varied and fast-changing technical requirements, a regulator is also expected to align its spectrum access policies to regulations and standards of other verticals. The advent of new Cognitive Radio, DSA, and other technologies, definitely don’t make the task of regulator any simpler.
To us, the aforementioned situation implied that long-standing spectrum regulation principles and practices might have to go through an evolution. We do not claim that the basic objective of balancing spectrum demand, supply, and utilization will change. However, we believe that the way the regulator looks at these dimensions needs to change. To uncover this systematic change we researched the evolving practices of access network’s spectrum regulation across the globe, across verticals and across stakeholders. Then we tried to identify a pattern, which we crystallized into a simple framework. Our analysis is primarily based on secondary research.
Via our paper, we wanted to share our perspective on the changed way in which regulator should look at Demand, supply, and utilization of Spectrum. In our paper, we propose a framework of factors, when considered, will help regulators look at this new world with an evolved lens. Using some selective samples our study also attempts at illustrating, as to how some of the proposed approaches (e.g. understanding spectrum demand) have been implemented by certain regulators. In certain sections of the paper, we also augment our view with specific data points from certain vertical industries. Finally, our study delves into earmarking and detailing the policy levers (e.g. Spectrum fees, sharing regulations, License Authorization Model) which can help regulator in reaching the aspired policy posture. The policy levers include both traditional and new age levers.
Overall this framework attempts to demystify the spectrum policy regulation in the age of M2m/IOT. Additionally, our paper can also serve as a reference to many new players in M2M/IOT, who do not have a clear idea, as to what all ways, can a regulators spectrum policy impact their solution or their vertical.
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Amadi, Gordon, Samuel C. Iwuji, Taofik O. Azeez, Chidozie J. Nwaokoro, and Chioma O. Wodu. "Biochemical Effects of Piper Guineense (African Black Pepper) in Female Diabetics: Opportunities for Diabetes Treatment." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 3, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.76.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To investigate the biochemical effects of oral doses of Piper guineense (P. guineense) leaf extract on female diabetics using experimental animals.
Methods: The animals, albino wistar rats, were divided into six groups (n=7). Animals in group 1 received water and feed only. Animals in groups 2 to 6 were induced with diabetes using alloxan. Methanolic leave extracts of P. Guineense were administered to groups 2 to 4 in 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weights representing low, medium and high doses respectively. Group 5 animals were treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of Glibenclamide (Antidiabetic drug) and group 6 animals were left untreated. All treatments were carried out orally and lasted for a period of 14 days. At the end of the 14 days, the animals were humanely sacrificed through cardiac puncture and the blood samples collected for the analyses of some liver and kidney function parameters using assay kits.
Results: The results showed that the oral doses of methanolic leave extract of P. guineense had no negative alterations on the biochemical parameters analyzed namely, 1) Lipid profile (Triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein levels), 2) electrolytes profile (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, 3) Urea) and 4) Creatinine levels. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the urea levels of treated animals and marked but insignificant reduction in the total cholesterol level and increase in High Density Lipoprotein at P<0.05.
Conclusion and Implication for Translation: The reported antidiabetic P. guineense leaf extract caused no adverse biochemical changes in female diabetic rats. This implied that the extract may not distort the lipid and electrolyte profiles of female diabetics and could be pharmacologically safe in the management of female diabetics. It further implied that the Piper, Uziza, commonly taken after childbirth by nursing mothers in some tropical countries may maintain the lipid and electrolyte balance and consequently, prevent hypercholesterolemia and hypertension.
Keywords: • Diabetes • Piper guineense • Lipids • Electrolytes • Methanolic extracts • Black pepper
Copyright © 2019 Gordon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.