Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Import of goods'
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Gupta, Bishnupriya. "Import substitution in capital goods the case of Brazil, 1929-1979 /." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32947115.html.
Full textLindbom, Anton. "Regional Productivity and Import Accessibility : Investigating the effect of imported goods on labour productivity levels at the municipal level." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-8164.
Full textAbstract
The purpose of this thesis is to estimate if imports of goods at the municipal level have an effect on labour productivity. The theoretical framework used in the thesis is based on the concept of accessibility, city growth in connection to imports, networks and nodes, clusters and economies of scale. Seven independent variables were chosen for the regression, three import accessibility variables to estimate if there is a connection between imports and productivity and Technology Gap, Population Density, Distance to Stockholm and Time. The regression model itself is built on the regression model in Fingleton (2001) but reformulated in this master thesis. Due to high collinearity between the accessibility variables they were added together to measure total accessibility. Regression results showed significant t-statistics for all variables included confirming that there is a relationship between imports of goods and labour productivity.
Sammanfattning
Syftet i denna magisteruppsats är att analysera om import av produkter på kommunal nivå är korrelerad med kommunal arbetsproduktivitet. Det teoretiska kapitlet är baserat på konceptet tillgänglighet, tillväxt och import i stadsregioner, nätverk och noder samt skalekonomi. Sju testvariabler valdes för regressionsmodellen som är baserad på Fingleton (2001). De viktigaste variablerna i modellen är inomkommunal‐, inomregional‐, och extern tillgänglighet till import. Resterande variabler i regressionsestimeringen mäter skillnad i teknologi mellan kommuner, populationsdensitet, avstånd till Stockholm samt tid. På grund av hög multikollinearitet mellan tillgänglighetsvariablerna estimerades modellen om genom att använda total tillgänglighet. Regressionen visade signifikanta t‐värden för alla variabler vilket bekräftar att det finns ett samband mellan import av produkter och arbetsproduktivitet på kommunal nivå.
Haller, Julie. "The legality of the parallel import of trade-marked goods : a comparative analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32803.
Full textThis issue lies at the core of the inherent tension between the promotion of free trade and the traditional territorial allocation of intellectual property rights. Parallel import refers to the unauthorized sale of genuine branded products in a given jurisdiction through market channels without the consent of the trade-mark owner in that jurisdiction. The exhaustion of rights doctrine is one of the most fundamental limitations on intellectual property rights as it provides, in general terms, that once an intellectual property right holder sells an article embodying those rights he no longer has any authority to control the future sale or movement of this article because his right have been exhausted with respect to that article. This inextricable link between parallel imports and the exhaustion of rights will thus be the focus of our analysis throughout this thesis.
Bezchlebová, Martina. "Export a import zboží a služeb zemí EU v období let 2007 až 2011." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113595.
Full textЯрова, Інесса Євгенівна, Инесса Евгеньевна Яровая, Inessa Yevhenivna Yarova, and S. S. Poliakova. "Features of foreign trade in goods and services in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87032.
Full textВ работе отражаются основные тенденции развития экспортно-импортной деятельности Украины. Динамика и прогноз активизации экспорта, импорта услуг и товаров анализируются в данном исследовании.
The paper reflects the main trends in the development of export-import activities in Ukraine. The dynamics and forecast of the activation of exports and imports of services and goods are analyzed in this study.
Obešlo, František. "Exportní a importní funkce (empirická analýza na příkladě České republiky)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201093.
Full textFarah, Sagal, and Izabella Arshamian. "Skillnader mellan Sverige och Kina- Utrikeshandel & Hinder i samband med godstransport." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27549.
Full textAl-Hammad, A. A. "A study of the Saudi Arabian market for selected imported manufactured goods : An economic, cultural and attitudinal analysis with particular reference to UK suppliers." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381013.
Full textНевмержицька, Ю. А. "Вплив та значення патентної монополії в Україні на «сірий імпорт» та «патентний тролінг»." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75052.
Full textConsidering such a category as the "gray market", we note that it is a subspecies of the illegal market, which is related to the import of goods that are allowed by the law to exchange, but the trade is carried out in violation of rules, such as: non-payment of taxes, lack of licenses, patents, certificates, etc.
Wolmarans, Joshua. "The impact of trade policies on the South African clothing and textile industry : a focus on import quotas on Chinese goods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8544.
Full textThe South African clothing and textile industry has historically benefited from import substitution industrialisation which protected the industry through tariff and non-tariff barriers from foreign competition. Factors such as the impact of globalisation, our accession to the World Trade Organisation and the associated effects on trade liberalisation changed South Africa‟s trade policy to move towards export lead growth at the threshold of South Africa‟s democracy, which paved the way for increased imports from foreign countries. The opening up of the South African economy to foreign competition negatively impacted on the competitiveness of these industries. The clothing and textile industry has been plagued by various challenges, amongst others, cheap imports especially from China (often illegal), South Africa‟s accelerated tariff reduction programme and currency fluctuations (especially the appreciation of the Rand), which culminated in factory closures and huge job losses. South Africa has since 1994 developed unstructured and uncoordinated sectoral responses to these challenges in the absence of a comprehensive industrial policy. The government‟s response to deal with the challenges facing the clothing and textile industry was to re-impose protectionist measures via import quotas on certain categories of products from China. These measures were intended to protect the industry and provide it with breathing space to reposition itself and regain its competitiveness, retain existing jobs and create additional jobs. The quest to regain global competitiveness should be founded on a combination of measures (e.g. the legislative and institutional environment, infrastructure, skilled workforce, innovation and networking) designed to satisfy consumer tastes and preferences that aims to improve the potential for growth in the medium to long-term. The objective of this research report was to assess whether the introduction of import quotas on Chinese goods positively contributed to the South African clothing and textile industry in regaining a measure of competitiveness and growth. The basis of the study is informed by a series of personal interviews with the key industry stakeholders which focused on examining the state of the industry, especially the impact of import quotas of certain categories of Chinese goods. The results revealed that the impact of import quotas on Chinese goods failed to provide any significant benefits to the clothing and textile industry since: (i) although there was a reduction in imports from China into South Africa in the quota categories, importers merely sourced their products from other low cost countries (e.g. Pakistan, Vietnam, Mauritius); (ii) there was no significant increase in local output and purchases; and (iii) there was no significant reduction in the number of jobs lost and none created during this period. These results although supported by business and other academic literature are contested by both labour and government. One conclusion was that a comprehensive approach should be pursued to arrest the challenges faced by the clothing and textile industry to reposition itself within the global environment to regain its competitiveness. This requires the active participation of all industry stakeholders and the implementation of appropriate strategies and tactics which is sequenced and coordinated to enhance their collective outcomes.
Selander, Caroline. "The redefinition of private import of alcohol : With focus on products purchased on the Internet and the Swedish legislation." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Information Centre for Foreign Law, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-528.
Full textThe free movement of goods constitutes one of the fundamental principles of the European Union and entitles goods entrance to the internal market. Sweden had before 1995 few monopolies concerning the import, export, manufacturing, distribution and retail on alcohol, and had to as a result of entering EU abolish four of these. The monopoly on retail, Systembolaget, was retained, and is still today strictly controlled by limited number of stores as well as restricted openly-hours. Systembolaget contributes an important part of the Swedish Alcohol Policy, which main purpose is to limit the accessibility of alcohol in Sweden. Another essential purpose is to prevent alcohol to reach people under the age of twenty, and this is upheld by strict age-controls when purchasing alcohol from Systembolaget.
Lately it has been argued that the Swedish prohibition of private import of alcohol con-stitutes a restriction of the free movement of goods and in breach of Article 28 EC. The exception of such restriction is presented in Article 30 EC and allows Member States to obtain national trade barriers if a justification based on the protection of the public health could be made. The Commission is of the opinion that the Swedish prohibition constitute such a restriction referred to in Article 28 and is not willing to accept the justification to protection of the public health. The Swedish government however, is reluc-tant to remove the prohibition and argues that consumers that require a certain product can import alcohol through Systembolaget. An elimination of the ban would undermine the core purpose with Systembolaget which is to protect the public health and prevent alcohol to be distributed to people under the age of twenty.
According to the Alcohol Act a person who has turned twenty can legally import alco-hol to Sweden when he is travelling with the goods if those products are for his personal use. A proposal has been presented to a redefinition of private import, which would in-clude situation where the buyer is not personally travelling with the goods, yet the transportation is carried out on the buyer’s behalf. Such purchases are often referred to distance purchase, and in those situations should the excise duty be laid down in the coun-try where the good was released for consumption. In distance sales the seller is respon-sible for the transportation of the goods but also to pay excise duty on the products in the country of destination.
A redefinition of private import to include transportation made on the buyer’s behalf could create problems since there is no actual contract between the seller and the transporting-company. Problems can then arise since the seller has no possibility to control that the buyer is of the legal age or guaranteeing that the alcohol is for that person’s use
Den fria rörligheten av varor utgör en grundstomme inom den Europeiska Unionen, vilken erkänner varor från medlemsstaterna tillträde till den gemensamma marknaden. Sverige hade fram till 1995 fem olika monopol som reglerade importen, exporten, tillverkningen, distributionen och försäljningen av alkohol, men var tvungen som ett led i inträdet till EU att avveckla fyra av dessa. Kvar återstod försäljningsmonopolet, Systembolaget, vilket än idag är strikt reglerat genom begränsat antal butiker och öppet-tider. Systembolaget utgör in viktigt beståndsdel i den svenska alkoholpolitiken, vilken har till syfte att begränsa alkoholen och dess skadeverkningar i Sverige. Ett viktigt mål är också att motverka att alkoholen når ut till ungdomar under 20år, varvid strikta kon-troller av ålder sker vid köp på Systembolaget.
På senare tid har det diskuterat huruvida det svenska förbudet mot privat införsel av alkohol skall anses vara förenligt med den fria rörligheten av varor och den uppställda artikel 28 i EG-fördraget. Där stadgas det att inga importrestriktioner skall hindra varor tillträde till den gemensamma marknaden. Det uppställda undantaget i artikel 30 berättigar medlemsstaterna att behålla en sådan restriktion om det kan anses nödvändigt till skyddet för den allmänna hälsan. Kommission har i ett motiverat yttrande upplyst Sve-rige att förevarande förbud utgör en sådan restriktion som avses i artikel 28 och att förutsättningarna att behålla ett sådant förbud inte kan anses uppfyllda. Den svenska regeringen anser att förbudet fyller en viktig funktion genom att begränsa tillgängligheten av alkoholen på den svenska marknaden, samt upplyser att en konsument som önskar importera särskilda produkter kan göra detta genom Systembolaget. Att tillåta konsumenter att importera fritt skulle försvaga det ursprungliga syftet med Systembolaget, vilket är att skydda den allmänna hälsan och minska risken för att alkohol blir tillgänglig för ungdomar.
Enligt Alkohollagen kan en person som har fyllt 20 fritt importera alkohol till Sverige under förutsättning att denne reser in med varorna till Sverige och att dessa varor är för hans personliga nyttjande. En föreslagen utvidgning av definitionen privat import kan komma att inkludera varutransporter vilka sker för köparens räkning, ofta kallade distans köp. Detta skiljer sig då nämnvärt från distansförsäljning där säljare står för transporten, och är skyldig att betala punktskatt i destinationslandet för dessa varor. Vid distans köp skall ingen beskattning ske i destinationslandet, under förutsättning att dessa avgifter har betalts i varans ursprungsland.
En utvidgning av definition av privat import till att innefatta varutransporter organiserade av köparen kan skapa problem då inget riktigt kontrakt föreligger mellan säljaren och transportbolaget. Svårigheter kan då uppstå för säljarens då denne saknar möjlighet att kontrollera att köparen är av påstådd ålder och att alkoholen är avsedd för dennes personliga konsumtion.
Cordeiro, Ricardo de Assis Souza. "A pessoa física como sujeito passivo do ICMS-Importação: a inconstitucionalidade da Emenda Constitucional nº 33/2001." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6320.
Full textThe ICMS-Import is a very important tax-Import existing in our legal system. This is so because and due to globalization and the ease of negotiations for transactions involving imports of goods are increasingly present in our real ty. Thus, because it is a tribute, to their correct implementation and collection are as umptions which the legislature cannot get away with. However, the strange thing is when it tries to tax through the ICMS-Import the entry of goods imported by individuais' non taxpayers to this exaction, because the concepts of products and goods are not confused. Still, as amended by Constitutional Amendment. 33/2001 extrapolated the limits onferred the derived constituent power, violated the Constitution in many ways, given that this injured fundamental right of taxpayers and contradicted devices expressed in constitutional text, creating a new tax on imports. Thus, we shall see that the ICMSimport on goods imported by individuais' non taxpayer does not hold up under any . circumstances due to its clear unconstitutionality
O ICMS-Importação é um tributo muito importante existente em nosso ordenamento jurídico. Isto porque, devido à globalização e à facilidade de negociações, as operações envolvendo importações de mercadorias estão cada dia mais presentes em nossa realidade. Assim, por se tratar de um tributo, a sua correta instituição e cobrança são pressupostos dos quais o legislador não pode se afastar. No entanto, fato estranho ao Direito ocorre quando se tenta tributar por meio do ICMS Importação a entrada de bens importados por pessoas físicas não-contribuintes dessa exação. E isso porque os conceitos de bens e mercadorias não se confundem. Ainda, as alterações introduzidas pela Emenda Constitucional nº 33/2001 extrapolou os limites conferidos ao poder constituinte derivado, pois violou a Constituição Federal, e em diversos sentidos, dado que feriu direito fundamental dos contribuintes e contrariou dispositivos expressos no próprio texto constitucional, criando um novo imposto sobre importações. Dessa forma, veremos que a cobrança do ICMS-Importação sobre bens importados por pessoas físicas não-contribuintes não se sustenta, em hipótese nenhuma, devido à sua clara inconstitucionalidade
Ткаченко, А. Г. "Ефективність міжнародних економічних санкцій." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66871.
Full textSitchinava, Nino. "Trade in intermediate goods : trends, effects, and determinants /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8416.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-164). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
Palmer, J. B. O. "The emporia of mid-Saxon England : hinterlands, trade and rural exchange." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270135.
Full textZavadzkienė, Daiva. "Muitų politikos pokyčiai Lietuvai tapus ES nare." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050602_151939-71559.
Full textHlaváček, Aleš. "Analýza účetních přístupů řešení DPH v zahraničně obchodních vztazích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5237.
Full textMenon, Ajay. "An Exploratory Examination of the Profitability Impact of Quality Dimensions for Consumer Goods and Industrial Capital Goods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332691/.
Full textKrylstedt, Johan, and Andreas Weidlertz. "A Study of Weather’s Impact on Consumption of Goods." Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188982.
Full textDetta kandidatexamensarbete i tillämpad matematik och industriell ekonomi syftar till att undersöka korrelationen mellan väderlek och försäljning av vissa sorters varor i en mindre matbutik. Genom att genomföra en regressionsanalys baserat på säljdata från en ICA Nära och väderdata från SMHI kan vi undersöka sambandet. Förhoppningsvis ger arbetet ett tydligare beslutsunderlag gällande huruvida företag bör implementera väderleksprognoser i sina varuåtgångsprognoser. Varuåtgångsprognoser är något flera stora aktörer på marknaden använder sig av, ingen av dessa tar väderprognoser i beaktning. Vi har antagit att väderlek påverkar försäljningen av varor. Resultaten påvisar en stark relation mellan väder och försäljning för vissa varugrupper. Emellertid måste resultatet tolkas på rätt sätt, det visar en ökning i försäljning av en grupp varor då väderparametern ökar med en enhet. Detta skulle beskriva verkligheten perfekt förutsatt att det existerar ett linjärt samband mellan vädret och försäljningen, vilket det förmodligen inte gör. Följaktligen ska resultaten tolkas aktsamt. Utöver genomförda regressionsanalys har ”supply chain” diskuterats. Matvaruföretags ”supply chains” påverkas om de förändrar sin prognostisering av varuåtgång. Den främsta effekten är att det sätter krav på hur nära inpå en butik kan beställa innan de får leveransen. Således blir ”supply chain flexibility” en viktig aspekt för att företaget ska ha möjlighet att implementera förändringar.
Smith, Robert J. "The impact of modular design on product use and maintenance." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28227.
Full textMakhutla, Esther Nthabiseng. "The impact of fast moving consumer goods on green consumerism." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1391.
Full textManufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) have a social responsibility towards their consumer’s environment. Fast Moving Consumer Goods are consumed on a daily basis and their by-products are often discarded incorrectly, impacting negatively on the environment. However, many companies are beginning to take steps towards ensuring that their products are manufactured according to environmentally friendly conditions. The responsibility should not just be placed on labels, but consumers should be properly educated and guided on how to dispose of a product’s packaging such as bottles, cans and plastic bags. Producers, as well as retailers, of FMCG have an ethical responsibility towards their consumers. It has become fashionable and politically correct for FMCG companies all over the world to publicise themselves as “green companies.” However, the materials used in the packaging of these products are most often found thrown in streets and other open areas in the community. This research investigates the impact that FMCG have on the community’s green space and how companies and retailers can effectively communicate their green consumerism initiatives and demonstrate their CSR for both the environment and their consumers. This study revealed that 53.99% of the respondents do not recycle the unused packaging of goods. The primary reason was that recycling is inconvenient. The other conspicuous reason was lack of knowledge of recycling. Apart from that, they also mention that they do not have recycling bins in the community; they have not enough space in their yard and for the fact that they are not getting any incentives. This study focuses on how companies can assist in saving our planet by embracing the concept of green consumerism holistically. Further, the study exposes challenges faced by companies and social organisations with regard to green consumerism. It also tackles existing initiatives of entrenching green consumerism and the study goes on to offer suggestions and recommendations to effectively embrace green consumerism in a global society.
Robertson, Peter W. "The impact of suppy chain process integration on business performance." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060720.115059/index.html.
Full textPapachristopoulou-Araujo, Chryssi. "Impact of paperless transactions in the carriage of goods by sea." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297884.
Full textWong, Yin-ling Winnie, and 黃燕玲. "Development of the supply chain concept and its impact on shipping industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31945776.
Full textWong, Yin-ling Winnie. "Development of the supply chain concept and its impact on shipping industry." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25263134.
Full textSilva, Ana Paula Africano de Sousa e. "The impact of European Community membership on Portuguese trade in manufactured goods." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283642.
Full textSehn, Solon. "Pressupostos de incidência do imposto de importação no direito brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6961.
Full textAfter a literature review and a critical analysis of existing theories, the thesis presents a new theory concerning the imposition of the tax on import under the Brazilian law. The study, based on a hypothetic-deductive method, concluded that the tax rule has as material criterion the behavior of import (verb) goods (complement), or the act of introducing goods into the national territory with the intention of incorporated into them. The space criterion is the Customs territory. The time criterion is the moment when a person did or should have done the registration of customs declaration. The creditor (active subject) is the Federal Union, while the debtor (passive subject) is the importer. The customs duties shall be calculated on an ad valorem basis consistent with the methods of valuation established by the GATT Valuation Code. The rate of duty, on the other hand, vary according the origen and the nomenclature under which particular goods should be classified
Após a revisão bibliográfica e a análise crítica das teorias existentes, a tese apresenta uma nova proposta para a compreensão dos pressupostos de incidência do imposto de importação no direito brasileiro. O estudo, baseado no método hipotético-dedutivo, concluiu que o critério material da hipótese de incidência compreende a conduta de importar (verbo) e produtos (complemento), isto é, a introdução de bens móveis e corpóreos no território nacional com a finalidade integradora. O critério espacial corresponde ao território aduaneiro. Já o critério temporal, ao momento em que se promove ou deveria promover o registro da declaração de importação perante a autoridade aduaneira. O credor (sujeito ativo) é a União Federal, recaindo a sujeição passiva sobre o importador (devedor). A base de cálculo equivale ao valor aduaneiro, determinado de acordo com os métodos de valoração do Acordo de Valoração Aduaneira (AVA). As alíquotas ad valorem, por sua vez, são determinadas em função com a origem e a classificação fiscal do produto
Sabounghi, Raouf Lewis. "Modeling the impact of intelligent transportation systems on surface goods movement in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23658.pdf.
Full textLührmann, Melanie. "Essays on the impact of demographic change on capital, goods and labor markets." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/madoc/volltexte/2006/1271.
Full textGustafson, Kara L. "Impact of ingredients on quality and sensory characteristics of gluten-free baked goods." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34498.
Full textFood Science Institute
Delores Chambers
The rising awareness of celiac disease, an intestinal intolerance to gluten, has increased the demand for gluten-free products. Gluten is a protein that provides structure to breads, cakes, cookies, and other wheat-flour based baked goods. When flour and water are combined and mixed, the proteins glutenin and gliaden present in wheat combine and a network of gluten is formed. In addition to providing structure and elasticity to dough, it also traps air within the matrix and allows baked goods to rise and maintain desirable characteristics such as an open and airy crumb structure and chewiness of bread products. Removing gluten from a baked good formulation affects the finished product in many ways. This review examines research conducted on the effects of many various ingredients on finished product quality of gluten-free baked goods. Quality parameters that are most greatly affected by the exclusion of gluten in baked goods include specific volume (a measure of the amount of air incorporated into the finished product), height, spread ratio (the ratio of diameter to thickness in cookies and like products), color, and hardness. Gluten-free baked goods are recognized to be denser, shorter in height, have a larger spread, have a different color, and be harder in texture than traditional wheat-based baked goods. Various gluten-free ingredients have been studied for their use in producing a finished product that exhibits quality parameters similar to wheat-based baked goods. These include rice, potato, tapioca, corn, and sorghum; pseudocereals such as buckwheat, amaranth, and quinoa; legumes; nuts; and waste from fruit and vegetable processing. The inclusion of additives such as hydrocolloids, protein concentrates, emulsifiers, and acidic ingredients are extensively utilized and studied in gluten-free baked good applications. Gluten-free baked goods commonly have a reduced shelf life as compared to wheat-based products. The weak association of water with the starches present in gluten-free baked goods allows moisture to migrate to the outside of the product and rapidly escape. Shelf life studies are also included in much of the research and are summarized in this review. Because consumers desire gluten-free products that taste like the gluten-containing products they replace, many studies pertaining to gluten-free ingredient research include sensory analysis. Some studies include a wheat-based product as a control, while others use only gluten-free formulations in the research. Future research using better sensory methods are needed in this product category. Food manufacturers who wish to compete in the still growing gluten-free market have many ingredient resources available to them to produce high quality gluten-free baked goods. Through research conducted on alternative flours, starches, hydrocolloids, emulsifiers, and other ingredients, gluten-free consumers can enjoy baked goods that exhibit the same desirable qualities as traditional wheat-flour based products.
Glenn, Ann Richards. "Finished good sourcing decisions in the apparel industry after implementation of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164740645.
Full textBusse, Michele Conrady Chet Guy. "Got silk? buying, selling, and advertising British luxury imports during the Stamp Act Crisis /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3993.
Full textYaqub, Kamaran Q. "Impact of oil revenue volatility on the real exchange rate and the structure of economy: Empirical evidence of “Dutch disease” in Iraq." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17411.
Full textCampbell, Ewan. "Imported goods in the early medieval Celtic west : with special reference to Dinas powys." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281955.
Full textHouston, John Douglas. "Diesel truck impact zones in Southern California localized implications of goods movement container traffic /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1691805961&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textHidalgo, Vargas Machuca Raúl Antonio. "Incidence of Income Tax in the Mandate without Representation to Buy Goods." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117750.
Full textEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo determinar la naturaleza del mandato sin representación en la compra de bienes y sus efectos tributarios. Así, se parte del análisis del mandato con y sin representación, entendiendo su mecánica interna y confrontándola en relación al Impuesto a la Renta.En ese sentido, el autor considera que para el mandatario la transferencia de propiedad no resulta onerosa, teniendo cada supuesto implicancias distintas dentro del Impuesto a la Renta.
Ribeiro, Phillip Gouveia. "An entrepreneurs guide to importing goods into South Africa from the People's Republic of China." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50562.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The political relationship between "The People's Republic of China (PRC) and South Africa has grown from strength to strength since the end of the apartheid era. As a result of this cooperation, the importing and exporting between the two have grown significantly. With the Chinese markets now open to South Africans, manufactured goods are being imported. The manufacturing capabilities found in the PRC are very far advanced to those found in South Africa. As a result, many South African businesses have found that they can import their product far cheaper than they can buy or manufacture in South Africa, regardless of the challenges of importing between the two countries i.e. language barriers, culture differences, geographical location, etc. The last few years has seen more and more businesses importing from the PRC, which has effectively led to many business owners looking at the option of importing from the PRC in order to be competitive. This research study addresses the reasons and necessity to import manufactured goods from the PRC to South Africa. It also shows how a business actually goes about importing from the PRC. In essence, this study is to help the local entrepreneur become more competitive, by understanding what their competitors mayor may not be doing. If the competitors are importing themselves, then this will help them to be competitive. If they are not importing, then this study will give them the opportunity to get the competitive edge. In conclusion and in summary, importing goods from the PRC to South Africa can have a positive impact on the competitiveness of a business. Even though the concept of importing from the PRC to South Africa is often dismissed due to the apparent complexities of the importing process, it is hoped this study will allay such fears. This study will hopefully help those entrepreneurs to understand that it is not that complicated a task to make one's business competitive via Chinese imports.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die politieke verhouding tussen die People's Republic of China (PRC) en Suid Afrika het sedert die einde van die apartheidsera van krag tot krag gegroei. As gevolg van die samewerking tussen die twee het invoere en uitvoere aansienlik gegroei. Met die Sjinese markte nou oop vir Suid Afrikaners, word vervaardigde goedere ingevoer. Die vervaardigings-aanlegte vaardighede in die PRC is baie meer gevorderd as dit in Suid Afrika. Ongeag die struikelblokke vir invoer tussen die twee lande bv. taal, kultuur verskille, geografiese ligging ens., het baie Suid Afrikaanse besighede gevind dat produkte goedkoper ingevoer kan word as wat hulle dit plaaslik kan koop of vervaardig. In die laaste paar jaar het meer en meer besighede vanaf die PRC ingevoer wat daartoe gelei het dat baie beigheidseienaars die opsie oorweeg om vanaf die PRC in te voer om sodoende meer kompeterend te wees. Die navorsing spreek redes en noodsaaklikheid aan vir die invoer van vervaadigde goedere vanaf die PRC na Suid Afrika. Die prosedure van invoer van die PRC word ook deur die navorsing aangespreek. In geheel is die studie om die plaaslike entrepreneur te help om meer kompeterend te word deur markneigings te verstaan. As die kompeteerders self invoer, sal dit help om hulle meer kompeterend te maak. Indien nie, sal die studie hulle die geleentheid gee om meer kompeterend te wees. Ter afsluiting en om op te som, die invoer van goedere van die PRC na Suid Afrika kan 'n positiewe uitwerking op die kompetisie tussen besighede he. Alhoewel die idee van invoere van die PRC na Suid Afrika reeds baie afgewys is as gevolg van die duidelike ingewikkelde invoerproses, sal die studie hopelik sulke vrese uit die weg ruim. Die studie sal ook hopelik help om vir die entrepreneurs te laat verstaan dat so 'n gekompliseerde taak is om hul besigheid via Sjinese invoere kompeterend te maak nie.
Bilitewski, Bernd, Damià Barceló, Rosa Mari Darbra, Ester van der Voet, Mohammed Belhaj, Emilio Benfenati, Antoni Ginebreda, and Veit Grundmann. "International workshop on safety assessment of consumer goods coming from recovered materials in a global scale perspective." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88462.
Full textMục đích chính của RISKCYCLE là xác đinh các nghiện cứu và sự phát triển trong tương lai cấn thiết để thành lập một phương pháp đánh giá dựa trện rủi ro cho các hoá chất và các sản phấm. Phương pháp này sẽ giúp giảm bớt các thủ nghiệm trện động vật, đổng thời đảm bảo sự phát triển các hóa chất mới và một mô hình quản lý sản phấm để giảm thiểu rủi ro đối với sức khởe và môi trường. để đạt được mục tiệu này, trước hết cấn thu thập và đánh giá thông tin hiện có về các hoá chất và đặc biệt là các chất phụ gia được sủ dụng trong sản phấm công nghiệp và tiệu dùng. Nhiều hợp chất độc hại tiềm tàng được giao dich mua bán trện toàn thế giới như là chất phụ gia trong các sản phấm khác nhau. RISKCYCLE sẽ tập trung vào tác động và hậu quả của các chất phụ gia trong sáu lĩnh vực: dệt may, điện tủ, nhựa, da, giấy và dấu mớ bôi trơn. Trong ngành công nghiệp dệt may việc sủ dụng các chất phụ gia sẽ được nghiện cứu, trong khi ở ngành điện tủ và công nghiệp dệt may, việc sủ dụng các chất chống cháy, đặc biệt là chất chống cháy chứa brôm như PBDEs và HBCD, sẽ được phân tích. Trong công nghiệp da, kim loại nặng như crom sẽ được quan tâm. Việc sủ dụng chất diệt côn trùng trong ngành công nghiệp giấy cũng sẽ là một mối quan tâm chính của các hoạt động phối hợp
Woldemichael, Martha Tesfaye. "Essays on international trade and export performance." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD010.
Full textHistorical evidence shows that countries can successfully develop by opening up to trade and pursuing manufacturing export-led strategies. Trade promotes efficient allocation of resources according to comparative advantage, with imports acting as a vehicle for technology transfers and productivity growth while exports are key to relaxing balance-of-payments constraints and supporting domestic revenue mobilization efforts. By spurring growth, trade has the potential of alleviating poverty and delivering better livelihoods. Drawing on the case of Cambodia where the garment industry provides the bulk of manufacturing jobs and accounts for the lion's share of the export bundle, Chapter 2 provides micro evidence of the welfare-enhancing potential of trade openness through manufacturing exports. It relies on propensity score matching estimators to show that the textile and apparel sector enhances the welfare of households in the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution, boosting consumption, asset ownership and the proportion of children attending school, while curbing exposure to food insecurity and lowering the incidence and depth of poverty. Based on instrumental variables, we also show that remittances from the export-oriented garment industry relax household budget constraints, increasing expenditures in education, health and productivity-raising investments in agriculture. Chapter 3 adopts a macro approach to investigate the determinants of episodes of strong and sustained export growth. Institutional quality underpinned by macroeconomic stability, a depreciated exchange rate, export diversification, global value chain participation and market-oriented agricultural reforms show up as strong predictors of export takeoffs. Lowering barriers to competition in network industries and lifting capital movement restrictions mainly bolster services exports, while foreign direct investment inflows are conducive to goods export accelerations. Applying the synthetic control method to the illustrative cases of Brazil and Peru yields evidence of higher real GDP per capita and lower unemployment and income inequality in the years following the export surge. Our results point to significant complementarities between goods and services, and suggest that lowering barriers to trade in services is likely to support trade in goods. Chapter 4 quantifies a new source of domestic trade costs related to import processing times at the border that generate supply chain unreliability by exposing importing firms to unexpected delays in the provision of critical inputs, ultimately undermining their export performance. Using the Poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood estimator, we find that uncertainty in the time required to clear imported inputs through Customs impacts neither the entry nor the exit rate of manufacturing firms, but translates into lower survival rates for new exporters. This effect is heterogeneous across export industries, grows larger over time owing to rising reputational costs to input-importing exporters, and is mainly driven by South-North trade, possibly reflecting the time-sensitivity of buyers in developed countries. It is also attenuated by sunk costs of entry in foreign markets
Claveres, Guillaume. "Sharing the financing of common public goods and macroeconomic risks." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E045/document.
Full textThe four research articles composing this PhD dissertation study the sharing of fiscal resources used to provide common public goods or transfers to contribute to macroeconomic stabilization. In the first chapter, we consider an optimal centralization problem with jurisdictions that have heterogeneous preferences for public goods and tax a mobile base to finance them. We adopt a theoretical model with a federal structure and a continuum of public goods to draw several normative conclusions from the study of the optimal degree of centralization. The contribution of this second chapter is to consider a tax competition model where public goods potentially exhibit cross-border spillovers. We show that full cooperation can be attained if spillovers in public good provision are high enough to remove the incentives to remain a low-tax non-cooperative player. In the third chapter, we build a DSGE model of the euro area (with a core and a periphery) with nominal, labor and financial rigidities. A baseline model where policies are only national, as it is the case now, is set as the reference for calibration which reproduces key empirical observations for the euro area. Then, we implement a common unemployment insurance and study its stabilization properties. The fourth chapter focuses on how a fiscal capacity targeting directly households can improve stabilization at the zero lower bound
Aliaga, Salazar Hans Jared, and Villavicencio Ebony Geraldine Yachachin. "Análisis de los principales factores que influyeron en la disminución de importaciones de cocinas a gas en los años 2014 y 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626008.
Full textThis thesis reviews the factors that influenced the decrease of gas cookers imports during 2014 and 2015. The first chapter provides the information and definitions of the home appliances industry and the importing processes, it depicts the definition of the products and how they are classified, for instance: white goods and brown goods. On the other hand, it explains the global outlook, the regional outlook (Latin America) and the national outlook of the home appliances industry; finally, it analyzes the factors proposed for investigation: the level of consumption and demand, manufacturing (main supplier), national competition and the real estate boom. The second chapter develops the quality research methodology, descriptive in nature, which will be used to explain and validate the hypothesis, by ways of semi structured interviews performed in the three identified segments or groups of interest: importers, domestic manufacturers and main retailers. The process of data collection and classification will also be detailed in this chapter. The third chapter analyzes the collected data, which led to the segment and category results. The fourth chapter builds on the outcome of the interviews and the debate of the segment and category results in order to identify the factors that influenced the decrease of gas cookers imports during 2014 and 2015, including the findings, obstacles and gaps during the research; and lastly, this chapter elaborates on the conclusions and recommendations.
Tesis
Pamuk, Haki. "The Impact Of Modern Retailing On The Prices Of Fast Moving Consumer Goods: Evidence From Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610043/index.pdf.
Full textAbdul-Hadi, Ahmad Ibrahim Malawi. "The impact of monetary policy on consumer durable goods : empirical study by using vector autoregression (VAR) models /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953841.
Full textCraw-Eismont, Beverley. "The impact of European fur trade goods on some aspects of North American Indian clothing, 1560-1860." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14423.
Full textSilva, Leticia Klotz. "The impact of price expectations on consumer's behavior in frequently purchased goods markets: empirical evidence and implications." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11789.
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Este trabalho investiga como os padrões de compras de consumidores de bens estocáveis são afetados por suas expectativas de preços. Usando um modelo dinâmico padrão de maximização da utilidade, deriva-se uma expressão analítica para as compras dos consumidores como uma função das suas expectativas em relação aos preços futuros. Em seguida, uma versão mais tratável do modelo é construída, de forma a ilustrar graficamente como os diferentes tipos de expectativas de preços implicam diferentes padrões de compras dos consumidores. Além disso, na aplicação empírica, investigo qual o modelo de expectativas de preços, entre aqueles comumente utilizados na literatura, é consistente com os dados. Por fim, encontra-se suficiente heterogeneidade em expectativa de preços dos consumidores. Mostra-se que famílias de pequeno porte acreditam que os preços seguem um processo de Markov de primeira ordem, enquanto famílias de alta renda são racionais.
I investigate how patterns of consumers’ purchases of storable goods are affected by their price expectations. Using a standard dynamic model of utility maximization, an analytical expression of consumer’s purchase is derived as a function of consumers expectations regarding future prices. Then, I construct a more tractable version of that model to see graphically how different types of price expectations imply different patterns of purchases for the consumers. Moreover, in the empirical application, I investigate which model of price expectations, among those commonly used in the literature, is consistent with the data. Finally, I find strong heterogeneity in con- sumers price expectations, showing that small size households believe prices follow a first order Markov process, and high income households are rational.
Norell, Nils. "The impact of the EU–South Korea FTA on trade with environmental goods : A gravity model approach." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-83353.
Full textBusse, Michele Conrady. "Got silk? : buying, selling, and advertising British luxury imports during the Stamp Act Crisis /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3993.
Full textTabeni, Mvelo. "The impact of inbound logistics activities on the operational performance of the postal services organization in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004577.
Full textCHANG, YU-TING, and 張瑜庭. "Multinational Firm s and Import s of Intermediate Goods." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5nx3hz.
Full text東吳大學
國際經營與貿易學系
107
This article analyses the choices of foreign direct investment strategies for multinational firms. Assume that the intermediate good of a multinational firm is imported into the host country. We shall examine how variable such as trade costs, and the numbers of upstream and downstream firms in the host country will affect the multinational firm’s FDI choice between greenfield investment and cross‐border merger and acquisition (M&A). Assume there are an upstream and a downstream market in the host country, where the multinational firm enters the downstream market and compete with the local downstream firms in Cournot fashion. The main finding is that M&A (greenfield investment) is the optimal entry mode when trade cost is small (large) and/or the upstream and downstream markets are less (more) competitive in the host country. We also compares the impacts of the foreign entry modes on the social welfare in the host country. Results show that the host country welfare is higher under greenfield investment (M&A) if trade cost is small (large). Hence, the preferences on the entry mode of the multinational firms and the host country coincide only if the trade cost is medium.
Lin, Yu-Wei, and 林育緯. "Study on Architecture-Oriented Import Goods Clearance System Model." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3mcfgs.
Full text國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
107
The Import Goods Clearance System is the only software in Taiwan that handles customs clearance of imported goods. The functions of the customs clearance system for imported goods cover Risk level screening, price review notes, tax review notes, etc. The contents of the current regulations or the trade agreements with other countries can be written into the Import Goods Clearance System. These functions are used to remind customs officers of the matters needing attention when importing goods. Therefore, in the areas of tariffs, drug investigations, and international trade in Taiwan, the Import Goods Clearance System plays a very important role. This study uses the SBC architecture theory and the six golden language to modify the structure of the Import Goods Clearance System and propose the Architecture-Oriented Impory Goods Clearance System Model (AOIGCSM). The AOIGCSM and the original system were analyzed and compared in terms of software comprehension, software maintenance, software implementation and software cost estimation. It was found that AOIGCSM can not only greatly reduce the cost of development and maintenancebut also greatly optimize the understanding of the system and the cost estimation of the system.