Academic literature on the topic 'Importance of FDI concept'
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Journal articles on the topic "Importance of FDI concept"
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N, Senthil Kumar, and l. Chandramohan K. "A Study on Foreign Direct Investment on Special Reference towards FDI Developed Countries." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 6, S1 (2018): 134–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1419420.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been one of the defining characteristics of the world economy during the last two decades. Some developing economies have emerged as major recipients of FDI flows in recent years, while many others have attempted to attract such flows, often by offering fiscal and financial value to foreign investors. This work reviews and discusses recent empirical studies on key development issues related to FDI. The literature review focuses on five main areas of interest to host economies: the FDI-growth nexus; FDI-trade linkages; FDI and technology transfer; FDI, privatization and corporate governance; and host- government policies for attracting FDI. Three of the conclusions reached in this study deserve special attention. First, a vast majority of existing empirical studies indicate that FDI does make an appositive contribution to both income growth and factor productivity in host economies. FDI tends to “crowd in” domestic investment, as the creation of complementary activities outweighs the displacement of domestic competitors. Similarly, in the North-South context, the relationship between FDI and trade is more one of complementarily than of substitution, owing to backward and forward linkages. Second, host countries will not be able to capture the full benefits associated with FDI until they reach a certain threshold level regarding educational attainment, provision of infrastructure services, local technological capabilities and the development of local financial markets. Third, their role of FDI in development goes beyond the traditional areas of growth, trade and technology transfer to cover emerging areas of policy concern, such as mergers and acquisitions, privatization, corporate governance and “policy competition.” The study concludes by stressing that host-government policies should attach greater importance to the stability and redictability of the local business environment in which MNE affiliates operate.
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Vaupot, Zoran. "New Institutional Economics and FDI Determinants." Res novae: revija za celovito znanost 6, no. 2 (2021): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.62983/rn2865.212.5.
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The institutional reforms in many countries since the 1990s were introduced to attract more inward foreign direct investments (FDI). The findings of institutional theory and its economic application within the concept of the new institutional economics have confirmed its benefits as a valuable framework in analyzing the FDI determinants and for supporting the creation of the appropriate economic policies. After evaluating the theoretical concepts of institutional theory, new institutional economics and selected empirical research on the role of institutions as FDI determinants, we conclude by focusing on three research areas and related improvements that deserve additional attention from interested scholars. These are: introducing and generalizing the use of governance indicators at the regional level, better understanding the impact, and strengthening the importance of informal institutional variables in empirical models of FDI flows and emphasizing sectoral analysis of FDI determinants.
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Smirnov, Еvegenii N., and Sergey А. Lukyanov. "Global Foreign Direct Investment: Structural Changes in the Current Crisis." Economy of Region 17, no. 3 (2021): 1014–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-3-21.
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The current crisis, as well as complicated economic relations between countries, sustainable development risks of global value chains (GVCs), and international trade protectionism cause changes in the modern system of global foreign direct investment (FDI). Due to the complexity of these risks and the vulnerability of the world economy to future global recessions, it is necessary to develop a new concept of cross-border capital flows in the form of FDI. The research aims to identify structural changes in global FDI in the context of international trade and capital market challenges. Structural and dynamic analysis and a descriptive assessment were conducted to examine global foreign direct investment in the system of international capital movement, taking into account the unstable economic environment. A test of the impact of the current coronavirus crisis revealed that the retrospective transformation of global FDI occurred due to changes in the internationalisation of companies, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and regional structure of FDI. Corporate disinvestment and the growing importance of intangible assets also played an important role. As a result, the slowdown in global FDI led to a decline in reinvested earnings in many economic sectors. As the long-term recovery of the world economy will be largely determined by the dynamics of global FDI, transnational companies (TNCs) should consider local crises and strive to geographically distribute capital investment. The research revealed that the differentiation of national GVC strategies and new approaches to foreign outsourcing of TNCs are the main risks of regionalisation or nationalisation of global value chains and a corresponding decrease in FDI. The findings can be used to modify well-known FDI concepts, taking into account their impact on modern international economic relations.
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Smirnov, Еvegenii N., and Sergey А. Lukyanov. "Global Foreign Direct Investment: Structural Changes in the Current Crisis." Economy of Region 17, no. 3 (2021): 1014–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-3-21.
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The current crisis, as well as complicated economic relations between countries, sustainable development risks of global value chains (GVCs), and international trade protectionism cause changes in the modern system of global foreign direct investment (FDI). Due to the complexity of these risks and the vulnerability of the world economy to future global recessions, it is necessary to develop a new concept of cross-border capital flows in the form of FDI. The research aims to identify structural changes in global FDI in the context of international trade and capital market challenges. Structural and dynamic analysis and a descriptive assessment were conducted to examine global foreign direct investment in the system of international capital movement, taking into account the unstable economic environment. A test of the impact of the current coronavirus crisis revealed that the retrospective transformation of global FDI occurred due to changes in the internationalisation of companies, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and regional structure of FDI. Corporate disinvestment and the growing importance of intangible assets also played an important role. As a result, the slowdown in global FDI led to a decline in reinvested earnings in many economic sectors. As the long-term recovery of the world economy will be largely determined by the dynamics of global FDI, transnational companies (TNCs) should consider local crises and strive to geographically distribute capital investment. The research revealed that the differentiation of national GVC strategies and new approaches to foreign outsourcing of TNCs are the main risks of regionalisation or nationalisation of global value chains and a corresponding decrease in FDI. The findings can be used to modify well-known FDI concepts, taking into account their impact on modern international economic relations.
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Vicente, Montano, Sabroso Leomar, and Torres Restie. "The Governance-FDI Nexus: A Factor-Augmented Fixed Effect Analysis of ASEAN World Governance Indicators and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 07, no. 08 (2024): 5017–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13309353.
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Utilizing a factor-augmented fixed effect model, this study investigates the intricate relationship between governance indicators and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows. Panel data from six ASEAN countries covering 26 years (1996 to 2022) is examined, incorporating World Governance Indicators (WGI) alongside derived institutional factors. The research methodology employs the Exploratory Factor Analysis with a fixed effects specification to mitigate multicollinearity and covers broader governance construct. The findings uncover distinct dynamics in the relationship between governance dimensions and FDI. Notably, Control of Corruption displays a significant positive relationship. Furthermore, a resulting Institutional Quality factor positively affects FDI dwelling on the significance of comprehensive institutional environments. Conversely, the Economic Environment factor depicts a negative relationship, inferring intricate trade-offs in investment decision-making and underlining the concept of governance paradox counterintuitive results in the relationship between WGI and FDI. The model explains a moderate FDI variance featuring the importance of governance factors while recognizing unexplained variables. Diagnostics assessments, including Hausman, Breusch-Pagan, and Pesaran, guide the methodological decisions, leading to estimation with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. The findings contribute to the discussions on the institutional determinants of FDI, focusing on the requisite for detailed policy frameworks. Succeeding research should investigate non-linear associations and sector-specific dynamics to refine the comprehension of governance-FDI interactions. The methodological approach to examining governance and FDI relationship, this study offers policymakers and researchers a more holistic framework to comprehend and influence foreign investment trends within the realm of institutional.
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Sudibyo, Ivan. "THE NEXUS OF INDUCING DEVELOPMENT: MEASURE PATH DISCOURSES IN INDONESIA’S DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE." Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries 9, no. 2 (2024): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jaedc.v9i2.92370.
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The research objective underscores the importance of human capital, innovation, and research in fostering sustainable economic growth, with a focus on principal variables such as human capital development (measured by HDI), innovation and competitiveness (driven by FDI inflows), R&D expenditure, and employment dynamics. The research results reveals that FDI, R&D spending, and employment significantly impact TFP growth, with FDI inflows identified as a push driver of TFP growth by enhancing innovation and competitiveness. This research applies the research methodology ARDL model to delve into the factors that influence Total Factor Productivity (TFP), drawing on Romer’s theory of endogenous growth. The research results also highlight the role of R&D expenditure in boosting TFP, emphasizing the need for a supportive environment for research and innovation. The labor force is also found to contribute significantly to TFP. The research further explores the interaction between the labor force and R&D, suggesting the need for policies that support both workforce development and innovation for sustained prosperity. The study also incorporates the concept of employment elasticity with respect to growth as a measure of inclusive development. It concludes by advising stakeholders to prioritize the promotion of FDI inflows, entice R&D spending, and treatise labor force issues to enhance TFP growth and ensure long-term economic prosperity. This underscores the importance of stakeholders’ cooperation in leveraging investments for long-term economic prosperity.
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Mushkaanbanu, Shaikh, and Rajesh Kumar Pandey Dr. "A Study of Foreign Direct Investment in India with Special Reference to Pre & Post Covid Regime." Social Science Journal for Advanced Research 4, no. 3 (2024): 22–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11204997.
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The National Economies function on several dynamics. One of the essential contributors to the economy is the foreign direct investments (FDI). FDI essentially is a financial transactional strategy which infuses the global presence and enhanced operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has created a paradigm shift in economic dynamics with a potential impact on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India. The uncertainty and disruptions caused by the global health crisis prompted a cautious approach from investors, leading to a temporary decline in FDI inflows globally. The situation in India reflects the broader challenges faced by emerging economies, navigating through the economic fallout of the pandemic. Despite the initial setbacks, India’s resilience and strategic measures have positioned it as an attractive destination for FDI post-COVID. The government’s proactive steps, coupled with economic reforms, have aimed to restore investor confidence and create an environment conducive to sustained FDI growth.This study is a descriptive research conducted massively with the help of secondary data. The Researchers aim to understand the Concept & significance of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). The study further aims to analyze the dynamics of FDI in Indian Context with special reference to Pre- and Post-COVID regime. The Authors highlight the importance of FDI for India's growth and extend insights into FDI's role in shaping India's development post-pandemic. The Researchers Conclude that Post Covid FDI Inflow haven’t been affected much due to pandemic however the negative impact is attributed to the War (Russia – Ukraine) and subsequent Supply chain issues. The drop of 16% in recent past (22-23) didn’t had the impact of Covid, instead it was External environment pressure (War). (www.ibef.org) The Researchers further conclude that the FDI scenario in India is into positive direction (barring the external threats like war). As the global economy gradually recovers, India’s strategic initiatives and resilience are expected to contribute to the revival of FDI, playing a pivotal role in the nation’s economic resurgence in the post-COVID regime.
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Latifi, Burim. "CLUSTER POLICY AND ITS IMPACT ON FDI ATTRACTION MODELS AND BETTER COOPERATION BETWEEN MNEs AND SMEs." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 58, no. 1 (2023): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5801123l.
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The concept of FDI has been analyzed by several theorists and many of them see FDI as an engine of growth. FDI affects economic growth directly and indirectly. It is well known that FDI has a positive impact on the domestic economy through the transfer of technology and skills, development of local suppliers in terms of providing technical assistance, training for employees, transfer of knowledge, etc. In this way, FDI affects the improvement of productivity and competitiveness of the entire economy. Multinational enterprises and their foreign affiliates recently generate one third of the global GDP, as well as two thirds of international trade. They also account for half of global exports. Precisely because of their economic importance, many governments offer subsidies and tax breaks to attract multinational enterprises, and consequently FDI. According to OECD (2005), linking MNEs and SMEs is important in the context of investment for development. The so-called "spillover" of know-how and technology from foreign investors to the local business sector is one of the biggest benefits of FDI for development. In most countries, SMEs are considered as the majority of the domestic business sector, therefore the process of overcoming the barriers to the connection between large and small enterprises is of great importance for the overall development. But the benefits of cooperation between MNEs and SMEs do not come automatically. Consequently, if we analyze specifically only one segment of the effects of FDI, such as the introduction of new technologies and innovations, as one of the biggest benefits of the host country from FDI, we come to the conclusion that this transfer is not always the same, but is very more present and effective if it is done in geographically concentrated clusters, in contrast to the cases when it is realized in dispersed companies of the same sector. Companies operating in clusters are characterized by a high degree of specialization and complementarity. This generates dynamic processes of learning, innovation and knowledge transfer. In the clusters, a process of collective learning is realized, which results in innovation and competitiveness even in sectors where high technology is not applied. This paper aims to explore models and ways of attracting FDI as well as creating preconditions for realizing as many benefits and spillovers as possible from the established cooperation between foreign MNEs and local SMEs, such as clusters. The results show that although the clusters in the Republic of North Macedonia are formally functioning, they are far from the desired condition to be in a situation to provide essential assistance in the direction of increasing the positive effects of the cooperation of SMEs and MNEs. However, the clusters should continue to be supported by the relevant competent institutions in order for the desired effects to be measurable, concrete and significant for the local economy.
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Silva, Tharsila Martins Rios da, Márcia Regina Martins Alvarenga, and Maria Amélia de Campos Oliveira. "Evaluation of the vulnerability of families assisted in Primary Care in Brazil." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, no. 5 (2012): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000500016.
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OBJECTIVE: to characterize the profiles of families in the area covered by a Primary Health Center and to identify those in a vulnerable situation. METHOD: this is an epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study. 320 home visits were made, defined by a random sample of the areas covered by the Urban Center 1 in the city of São Sebastião, in Brazil's Federal District. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, elaborated based on the Family Development Index (FDI). RESULTS: there was a predominance of young families, women, and low levels of schooling. The FDI permitted the identification of families in situations of "high" and "very high" vulnerability. The most critical dimensions were: "access to knowledge" and "access to work". CONCLUSION: the study indicated the importance of greater investments in the areas of education, work and income, and highlighted the need for the use of a wider concept of vulnerability by the health services.
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Bekun, Festus Victor, Toyo Amegnonna Marcel Dossou, Kayode Kolawole Eluwole, Taiwo Temitope Lasisi, and Gizem Uzuner. "Tourism and the Mediterranean Experience Amidst Environmental Issues: Fresh Insights from Panel Analysis." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 5 (2023): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14826.
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According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), tourism is critical to a country's economic development. It acts as a catalyst for direct and indirect job creation, economic growth, and the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI). To this end, the present study looks into the relationship between economic growth (GDP), domestic credit (DC), tourism (TR), FDI, and CO2 emissions for selected Mediterranean countries. This study employs panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approaches to assure the trustworthiness of the findings. The empirical information gathered supports the idea that tourism adds to pollution in the analyzed blocs. Furthermore, the data supports the pollution haven hypothesis concept by demonstrating that an increase in FDI harms the environment. The study's findings advocate for precautionary actions to alleviate the detrimental effects of tourism-related pollution. Ecotourism policies that support sustainable behaviors must be developed and implemented. Countries can establish a balance between economic growth and environmental protection by implementing such policies. Governments, policymakers, and stakeholders must work together to create effective frameworks and policies that promote responsible tourism. This research fills a knowledge vacuum by shedding light on the specific dynamics of Mediterranean tourism businesses. Economic growth, domestic credit, tourism, FDI, and CO2 emissions are all linked, according to empirical research. The findings highlight the importance of establishing ecotourism legislation and constructing sustainable infrastructure to reduce tourism's negative environmental impacts. Countries may safeguard the long-term viability of their tourism businesses by finding a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Importance of FDI concept"
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Letnes, Bjørn. "Transnational Corporations, Economic Development and Human Rights: On the Importance of FDI Composition and Host Country Assets." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of sociology and political science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2022.
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<p>The main objective of this thesis is to examine how the free markets’ superior agent, the transnational corporation (TNC) affects economic development and human rights’ conditions in the developing world.</p>
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Vieira, Mariana Morais Correia. "East Timor and the importance of aid in an oil-producing country." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20227.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional<br>Este trabalho analisa comparativamente as fontes de financiamento externo vis-à-vis as receitas de petróleo e os fatores que podem influenciar a APD a Timor-Leste. A questão principal desta dissertação é a discussão do papel dessas fontes de financiamento e, em particular, a APD e petróleo como fontes confiáveis de forma a assegurar o futuro desenvolvimento económico e social de Timor-Leste.<br>This work will comparatively analyze the sources of external financing sources vis-à-vis the oil revenue and the factors that might influence East Timor's ODA. Thus, the main research question of this dissertation is to discuss the role of those financing sources and, particularly, ODA and oil as a reliable source in assuring the economic and social future development in East Timor.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Grima, Francis Gerald. "Assessing the Importance of Self-Concept Intervention Among High School Students As Measured by the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279154/.
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Jensen, Magnus J. C. "The antecedents of free will : The importance of concept heterogeneity inresearch interpretation and discussion." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15484.
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Scientific research on free will was started by Libet et al. (1982). They detected that thereadiness potential (RP) proceeded urges with up to 350ms. One interpretation of the RP wasthat it represented motor planning. The research progress of antecedent brain activity inrelation to conscious urges is investigated by looking at contemporary studies. How differentassumptions and definitions of the free will concept influences interpretation of these studiesis also discussed. The evidence is in favor that the RP is not representing motor planning.Antecedent activity has been detected with numerous technologies, most notably fMRIclassifiers which have been used to predict decisions in advance. Scrutiny of these resultsreveals that the experimental setups are dependent on time-locking trials which may construethe results. It is shown that predictions based on probabilistic antecedents can be interpretedin numerous ways. The review shows that free will positions differ from each other onseveral factors, such as whether free will is either-or or exists on a spectrum. Some notablepositions are not dependent on antecedent activity at all. The notion of control is one of thepivotal factors deciding if a subject experience free will, not if they are the causer per se.Future discussion will be improved by systematizing the differences between the free willpositions and communicating them clearly. Convergent evidence points at the explanatorymodel of free will being a cognitive feeling – A feeling which reports ownership over actionsbut does not cause them.
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Svedberg, Pia. "Factors of importance for self-rated health." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-607-7/.
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Ridenour-Jones, James. "The Importance of the Concept of Conscience-Collective in Emile Durkheim's Thought: A Theoretical and Historical Analysis." TopSCHOLAR®, 1994. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/949.
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One of the most important contributions to the discipline of sociology was Emile Durkheim's theoretical discussion of the collective conscience. For Durkheim, it was the collective conscience—the common ways of defining the world, as well as the common moral bond between people—that provided the initial foundation for social solidarity. It was the glue that kept society organized and functioning. While Durkheim's discussion of the collective conscience is a landmark contribution to sociology, it is clear that the idea of collective definitions and representations predates Durkheim. One of the purposes of this theoretical study is to demonstrate how indebted Durkheim's thinking was to the thinking of the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. Significant parallels are shown to exist between Schopenhauer's notion of representation in The World as Will and Idea and Durkheim's pivotal concept of common moral bond or conscience as discussed in The Division of Labor in Society. The thesis is concluded by tracing the importance of the collective conscience through the rest of Durkheim's major works—Suicide, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, and The Rules of Sociological Method. In each case, the link between Durkheim's and Schopenhauer's thinking is highlighted.
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Ott, Daniela. "How consumers relate to luxury brands in the 21st century : the changing concept of sacredness and its importance." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED067/document.
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Cette thèse analyse les relations entre consommateurs et marques de luxe, etcomment cette relation évolue au 21ème siècle. Face au défi de la désacralisation face aux mutations de la société, liées à l’hypermodernité, à la démocratisation du luxe, à Internet et aux médias sociaux, les marques de luxe traditionnelles recherchent desmoyens de rester pertinentes et sacrées. Nous décrivons comment le sacré évolue etcomment les marques utilisent les propriétés du sacré pour rester des marques de luxe.Notre hypothèse principale est que le concept de sacré dans la société évolue etnous proposons donc un cadre théorique qui décrit un nouveau sacré potentiel pour que les marques de luxe restent souhaitables pour les consommateurs du 21ème siècle.Nous avons mené des entretiens approfondis avec les consommateurs de marquesde luxe, analysé les données Instagram et effectué des analyses ethnographiques etnethnographiques sur les ensembles de données, ce qui nous a permis de donner unpremier aperçu et de découvrir le rôle et l’importance du caractère sacré des marques de luxe.Nos résultats montrent trois tendances dans les relations des consommateurs avecles marques de luxe, qui sous-tendent différentes visions du sacré. Celles-ci vont du (1) sacré traditionnel, à savoir l'exclusivité, au (2) nouveau sacré, à l'inclusivité, et (3) à la fusion de l'exclusivité et de l'inclusivité<br>This thesis analyzes the relationship between consumers and luxury brands, and how this relation is changing in the 21st century. Facing the challenge of being desacralized by the changes in society, stemming from hypermodernity, the democratization of luxury, the Internet, and social media, traditional luxury brands are looking for ways to remain relevant and sacred. We describe how sacredness is evolving and how brands are using the properties of sacredness to stay luxury brands.Our main assumption is that the concept of sacredness in society is evolving, and we therefore propose a theoretical framework that describes a potential new sacredness for luxury brands to remain desirable for consumers in the 21st century.We conducted in-depth interviews with luxury brand consumers, analyzed Instagramdata, and performed ethnography and nethnography analyses on the data sets, allowing us to provide first insights and findings on the role and importance of sacredness for luxury brands.Our findings show three patterns in the relationship of consumers to luxury brands,underlying different visions of sacredness. These range from (1) traditional sacredness, i.e. exclusivity, (2) new sacredness, i.e. inclusivity, and (3) a fusion of exclusivity and inclusivity
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Potgieter, Johanna Maria. "The importance of the concept of "functional equivalence" for the South African approach to form and writing / J.M. Potgieter." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9279.
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Elektroniese kommunikasie en handel is 'n verskynsel wat eksponensieel
toegeneem het oar die laaste dekade saammet die ontwikkeling en
uitbreiding van die Internet. Ten einde kompeterend te wees in die
internasionale arena is dit belangrik dat Suid-Afrika 'n klimaat skep waarin
elektroniese handel kan floreer.
Daar bestaan egter die perspesie dat die huidige regsbedeling onvanpas en
onvoldoende is om die kwessies wat ontstaan as gevolg van elektroniese
handel te kan hanteer. In 1996 het die kommissie van die Verenigde Nasies
gemoeid met internasionale handel, UNCITRAL die Mode/wet oor
Elektroniese Handel gefinaliseer. Sederdien is die Modelwet opgeneem in
wetgewing of het wetgewing be"invloed in verskeie Iande.
Een van die onderliggende beginsels waarop die Mode/wet gebaseer is, is
"funksionele gelykheid" ten einde met snel veranderende tegnologie tred te
hou. Hierdie beginsel behels dat in ons soektog na regsoplosssings, papiergebaseerde
oplossings nie netso nageboots moet word nie maar dat daar
eerder gestreef word na ekwivalente regsoplossings binne die tegnologies
raamwerk.
Die Wet op Elektroniese Kommunikasie en Transaksies is die SuidAfrikaanse
antwoord op hierdie internasionale verwikkelinge. Die oogmerk
van hierdie skripsie is om artikels 11 tot 13, 18 en 19 van die Wet te
bestudeer en te vergelyk met die Mode/wet. Verder om te ondersoek tot
watter mate die doelwitte van die Groenskrif behaal is en in welke mate die
Wet die behoeftes van die breer gemeenskap aanspreek, soos dit blyk uit
die kommentaar op die Groenskrif. Die Suid-Afrikaanse benadering is gebaseer op internasionale voorbeelde en afwykings daarvan word ook
bespreek.
Hoewel die persepsie bestaan dat die Suid-Afrikaanse reg nie toegerus is
om die veranderings te kan hanteer nie, is dit meerendeels net 'n persepsie.
Suid-Afrika beskik oor 'n inherent aanpasbare gemenereg. In my opinie,
sou opskrifstelling in 'n elektroniese omgewing nie 'n probleem geskep het
binne die gemenereg nie. Dit blyk dat meer onsekerheid oor die aard van
handtekeninge bestaan. Dit is waarskynlik dat gevorderde elektroniese
handtekeninge (soos in die Wet bespreek) in ieder geval erken sou word.
Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Wet oor elektroniese handel ruim egter enige
onsekerheid uit die weg.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet maak gebruik van verskeie internasionale bronne
maar die UNCITRAL Modelwet dien as vertrekpunt. Daar blyk
eenstemmigheid in Amerika, die Europese Unie en Australie te wees dat
"funksionele gelykheid" die beste manier is om veranderende tegnologie te
hanteer.
Die beginsel van "funksionele gelykheid" is die goue draad wat deur nie
aileen die UNCITRAL Mode/wet maar ook deur die Suid-Afrikaanse
wetgewing geweef is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing voeg verskeie
beskermingsmeganismes ten einde verbruikers te beskerm teen die gevare
van 'gesiglose handel'.
Elektroniese skrif word as die ekwivalent van skrif op papier erken. SuidAfrikaanse
wetgewing identifiseer die volgende basiese funksies van
handtekeninge, naamlik: • Om die persoon te identifiseer; en • Om die persoon se goedkeuring van die inligting te kommunikeer. 'n Addisionele vereiste dat elektroniese handtekeninge so betroubaar as
wat gepas was onder die omstandighede moet wees, word bygevoeg.
Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing spreek oak die kwessies van notariele parktyk,
oorspronklikes, sertifisering en geregistreerde pas aan.
In geheel behoort die bepalings rakende vormvereistes positief ontvang te
word in die mark aangesien "funksionele gelykheid" behoorlik
geimplementeer word en 'n juiste basis is.<br>Thesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003
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Bouzaouache, Riadh. "Importance du concept "made-in" dans un contexte d’évaluation multi-attributs/multi-produits : effet modérateur des variables de personnalité." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9040.
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Le traité du libre-échange entre les États-Unis et le Canada, l'intégration économique des 12 pays d'Europe et les changements politiques et socio-économiques survenus dans les pays de l'Est sont des exemples d'événements qui ont marqué la fin de la dernière décennie. Ces événements ont pour effet de modifier les règles du jeu de la concurrence internationale en matière de commerce et d'affecter directement les activités des entreprises oeuvrant aussi bien dans les marchés étrangers que domestiques. La firme doit avoir la capacité de connaître davantage le comportement de la clientèle-cible et celui de la concurrence afin de mieux adapter ses stratégies de marketing à cette nouvelle réalité. Les décisions auxquelles les exportateurs et les producteurs locaux ont toujours fait face ont trait à des variables stratégiques, entre autres le prix, le nom de la marque, la promotion, la distribution, le service et le lieu de fabrication ("Made-In"). Cette dernière variable a toujours été d'une grande importance pour les firmes ayant des opérations étrangères; en effet, elle touche deux aspects décisionnels à savoir, le coût d'installation des unités de production dans un pays étranger et la réputation ou l'image de ce dernier chez le consommateur. La présence de produits importés à côté des produits domestiques augmente l’éventail de choix du consommateur. Cependant, sa préférence pour un produit par rapport à un autre dépend de plusieurs éléments, soit des facteurs reliés au produit comme son prix compétitif ou sa qualité supérieure, ou bien des facteurs de personnalité, comme le besoin de prestige et d'appartenance.
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Stephens-Allen, Joalveta A. "Administrators' and teachers' perceptions of the level of importance of the five key components of the middle school concept relative to the success of middle schools." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2002. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2006.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of administrators and teachers of the level of importance of the five key components of the middle school concept. More specifically, the study sought to determine if there was significant differences and significant relationships between the perceptions held by teachers and administrators regarding the level of importance of: (1) interdisciplinary teaming; (2) advisory programs; (3) varied instruction; (4) exploratory or connection programs; and (5) transition programs relative to the success of their middle school program. The research population consisted of 48 administrators and 120 teachers from a large metro Atlanta school system in Georgia. The respondents from the population of 48 administrators consisted of 34 subjects. The respondents from the population of 120 teaches consisted of 92 subjects. The independent and dependent variables were subjected to Pearson r correlation and t-tests for Equality of Means analyses. Data were gathered by a questionnaire. The findings from the data analysis suggested that were no significant differences and no significant relationships in administrators' and teachers' perceptions of the level of importance of the five key components of the middle school concept. The main recommendations from the findings were: (1) make sure administrators and teachers at the local middle school level continue to focus on the collegiality and continuation of staff development to strengthen what appears to be an existing level of professional agreement, and (2) central or district level administrators who are in charge of expanding the middle school program should they make sure as they select, prepare, and assign staff, that they take advantage of some of the persons who are currently working in existing middle schools by allowing these people to develop orientation programs and become mentors.
Books on the topic "Importance of FDI concept"
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Lawal, F. Oyin. The concept, origin, and importance of Mawlid An-Nabiy. Tawfiqullahi Pub., c1996., 1996.
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Addison, Tony. The new global determinants of FDI flows to developing countries: The importance of ICT and democratization. United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2003.
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Allan, Colin J. AECL's concept for the disposal of nuclear fuel waste and the importance of its implementation. AECL, Whiteshell Laboratories, 1993.
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Harper, Frederick D. Time and timing: A book about the concept of time and the importance of timing. AuthorHouse, 2009.
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Canada. Atomic Energy of Canada. AECL's concept for the disposal of nuclear fuel waste and the importance of its implementation. Atomic Energy of Canada, 1993.
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M, Mecca Andrew, Smelser Neil J, and Vasconcellos John, eds. The Social importance of self-esteem. University of California Press, 1989.
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Liedloff, Jean. The continuum concept: Allowing human nature to work successfully. Addison-Wesley, 1985.
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Liedloff, Jean. The continuum concept: In search of lost happiness. Perseus Books, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Importance of FDI concept"
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Chaisse, Julien. "Optimising Policy Synergies: The Role of Tax Incentives in International Trade and Investment." In Emerging Globalities and Civilizational Perspectives. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69793-7_16.
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AbstractThis chapter comprehensively analyses tax incentives and their impacts on trade and investment, focusing on the need to balance policy objectives in different jurisdictions. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between tax incentives and foreign direct investment (FDI) within the international legal framework governed by Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), World Trade Organisation’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), and Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs). It examines the concept of performance requirements and their role in tax-incentive policies, emphasising the lessons learned and implications for modern BITs. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the development of appropriate institutions for tax incentives, highlighting the importance of identifying incentives and requirements tailored to local economies. It delves into the interplay among BITs, TRIMs, and ASCM, providing insights into designing tax incentive regimes that strike a balance between promoting investments, safeguarding trade interests, and ensuring equitable outcomes. The chapter also addresses the future of tax incentives and performance requirements, advocating the adoption of naturally attractive incentives, promoting stability and predictability in tax incentive regimes, and fostering transparency and accountability to build trust and credibility. By employing a qualitative approach and comparative analysis, this chapter offers a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay among international legal frameworks, national policy objectives, and strategic choices in economic development paths. It concludes by presenting major legal lessons derived from the analysis and emphasising the need for a balanced and context-specific approach to tax incentives. This chapter serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, legal scholars, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complexities of tax incentives and to contribute to the development of sustainable and inclusive economies while complying with international legal obligations.
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Nacif, Roberta C. "Concept and Importance of Repatronage Decisions." In Online Customer Loyalty. Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81581-1_3.
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Nizami, Nausheen, and Narayan Prasad. "Decent Ergonomics: Meaning and Importance." In Decent Work: Concept, Theory and Measurement. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2194-7_15.
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Temouri, Yama, Nigel L. Driffield, and Dolores Añón Higón. "The Importance of Location: Does Outward FDI lead to Unemployment?" In Resources, Efficiency and Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230278028_4.
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Dau Jarama, Gabriela, Segundo F. Vilema-Escudero, Jaime Moisés Samaniego López, and Marlon Manya Orellana. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Energy Intensity: Evidence from Latin American Countries." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_31.
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Abstract This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on energy intensity in Latin American countries. Using a balanced panel data model covering 13 countries in the region during the period 2000–2017, it analyzes how FDI influences the amount of energy consumed per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) at constant 2018 prices. The results show that FDI can reduce energy intensity through the transfer of efficient technologies and the promotion of sustainable management practices. However, the effect varies significantly between countries, depending on factors such as innovation capacity and economic performance. Countries with greater innovation capacities and better economic performance tend to absorb the benefits of FDI in terms of energy efficiency more effectively. These findings underscore the importance of designing policies that promote sustainable innovation and improve the economic environment to maximize the benefits of FDI in the region.
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Barclay, Lou Anne. "The Importance of Institutional Efficiency to Resource-Driven, FDI-Facilitated Development." In Managing FDI for Development in Resource-Rich States. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137516091_2.
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Sood, Sonia, M. K. Rana, and H. K. Dhillon. "Concept, Importance and Scope of Organic Farming." In Organic Production of Vegetable Crops. Apple Academic Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003539049-1.
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Agolti, Mariela, and Lucrecia Solari. "Review of F-18 FDG PET/CT in Evaluating Response to Immunotherapy Treatment." In Beyond Becquerel and Biology to Precision Radiomolecular Oncology: Festschrift in Honor of Richard P. Baum. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33533-4_2.
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AbstractIntroduction: Immunotherapy is a wide-spreading therapeutic resource in oncology. The therapy is guided to improve the patient’s immune response to cancer cells, on the basis of the concept of immune surveillance by activating both cell-mediated and humoral immunity to fight cancer. Immunomodulatory monoclonal antibody therapy utilizes preformed monoclonal antibodies directed against molecular targets to regulate T-cell activation. There are three mechanisms involved in this kind of therapy: antibodies directed against the programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), such as nivolumab and CTLA-4 inhibitors that prevent inhibition of the activated T-cells.Material and Method: Different reveiw articles were reviewed to understand the differences in response assessment of immunotherapy as compared to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy when using F-18 FDG PET/CT.Results: When using FDG PET/CT for response assessment, following important items should be considered: (1) Pseudoprogression: meaning that we can see transient enlargement of tumors or the appearance of new tumors followed by tumor shrinkage or long-term stability of tumor size. (2) Hyperprogression which is characterized by rapid increase in tumor burden (more than 50% increase compared to basal) and also time to treatment failure less than 2 months and more than 2 times increase in tumor growth rate, with deteriorating clinical condition. (3) Response to treatment is generally slower than with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. (4) Adverse effects (irAE) that are more easily diagnosed through FDG PET CT, than through conventional CT, and the importance of being able to recognize and report them sometimes life-threatening like pneumonitis or colitis. Also nuclear medicine physician should report inflammatory changes like drug induced sarcoid-like lymph nodes and differentiate from progression disease or splenic/liver SUV, moreover keeping in mind that there is evidence of good association between the presence of irAE and good answer to treatment. (5) Evolution of irAE comparing the actual PET with previous reporting the change in 18FDG uptake.Conclusion: Reporting of F-18 FDG PET/CT after immunotherapy, should consider these different items: Pseudoprogression, hyperprogression, irAE, evolution of irAE, and other inflammatory signs related to immunotherapy to improve our methodology efficiency.
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Cilliers, Jakkie. "Aid, Remittances and Foreign Direct Investment." In The Future of Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_14.
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AbstractCilliers sheds light on the evolving global aid, investment and remittance landscape and what it means for Africa, with special attention to China’s growing presence on the continent, and compares that with others. Collectively the EU and its member states provide most aid although the USA is Africa’s largest single aid provider. Aid will remain important for low-income countries but its importance is declining in favour of a focus on the need to attract larger volumes of foreign direct investment (FDI). An External Support scenario explores the impact of heightened aid, remittances and FDI on Africa’s development trajectory.
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Mukim, Megha. "The Determinants of FDI Choices: The Importance of Investment Climate and Clustering." In Applied Regional Growth and Innovation Models. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37819-5_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Importance of FDI concept"
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Reisewitz, Tom, and Geralt Siebert. "Concept for full-scale testing of structural sealant glazing facades." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.1838.
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<p>Structural glazing joints in glass structures are a challenge for both dynamic loads such as earthquakes and quasi-static loads due to the lack of suitable and up-to-date standardized design guidelines. The seismic design of structural glazing joints is often neglected or generalized, which can have a negative impact on the behavior of heavy glass elements. At the same time, existing design procedures for quasi-static loads are often outdated and oversized, such as ETAG 002, which should be optimized for sustainability reasons. This work underlines the importance of a detailed analysis of structural glazing joints, including an appropriate material model, and proposes full-scale tests for validation. The tests consider geometry, adhesive properties, load application and connection to the substructure. The aim is to develop a practical guide for the sustainable design and testing of structurally bonded glazing.</p>
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Gönültaş, Suna, and Ezgi Demiral. "The Relation Between FDI Inflows and Environmental Pollution in CIS Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02678.
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The role of the foreign direct investment (FDI) for the economic growth of countries is crucial in terms of the advantages it creates such as employment opportunities, providing long-term finance, facilitating competition, and technology spillover. Although countries are trying to attract FDI inflows and rise the volume of new projects, the concern of environmental issues is gaining much more importance than ever before. 
 In this respect, this study will aim to investigate the relationship between FDI inflows and environmental pollution from CIS countries for the period 2001-2014. By employing panel data analysis, the relation is analyzed by using Carbon dioxide emission as a proxy for environmental pollution. The data is obtained from the World Bank database for selected countries. 
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Söffker, Dirk. "A Novel Strategy for Probability-Based Failure Avoidance of Operating Technical Systems." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/rsafp-21745.
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Abstract Failure and fault avoidance techniques are becoming important methodologies due to economical and ecological risks of modern technologies. The basic methodologies and techniques developing safe systems are connected with reliability engineering technologies or fault detection and isolation (FDI) approaches. The contribution introduces into the ideas of the 1997 firstly published SRCE (Safety and Reliability Control Engineering)-concept. Core of the approach is the development of a history- and load-dependent failure rate, which allows the online-calculation of reliability characteristics, which can be monitored or controlled. The classical definitions of reliability engineering characteristics are unfit due to the fact that they are only ‘driven’ by the time, so effects of changing operating conditions etc. can not be considered directly. The proposed approach solves this problem by introducing a new definition of a failure rate by introducing load- and lifetime-dependent failure rate. This also includes the possibility to consider regenerating/recovering effects of technical systems or components. As an example the determination is illustrated and applied to the monitoring of an automotive tire.
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Medina, Lourdes A., Richard A. Wysk, and Gu¨l E. Okudan Kremer. "A Review of Design for X Methods for Medical Devices: The Introduction of a Design for FDA Approach." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48348.
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This paper focuses on the importance of the regulations, in particular the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in the development of medical devices. The FDA regulates medical devices to assure that these products are safe and effective before their release into the Unites States market. We introduce the concept of Design for FDA (DfFDA) and describe DfFDA guidelines for medical device development. While many researchers describe the regulations in the form of reviews and models, the literature to date has not reported a DfFDA method. Here, DfFDA is proposed as a method to be used in parallel with other DfX methods when applicable. The DfX methods identified include: Design for Validation (DfV), Design for Reliability (DfR), Design for Quality (DfQ), Design for Manufacturing (DfM), Design for Assembly (DfA) and Design for Usability (DfU). This paper also reviews the literature addressing the FDA regulations and DfX methods, and an overview of the FDA regulations is presented. DfFDA is developed to increase awareness about regulatory compliance and promote designers to consider the regulations throughout the development process of medical devices.
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Xu, Kaiwen, Kazuto Fukuchi, Youhei Akimoto, and Jun Sakuma. "Statistically Significant Concept-based Explanation of Image Classifiers via Model Knockoffs." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/58.
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A concept-based classifier can explain the decision process of a deep learning model by human understandable concepts in image classification problems. However, sometimes concept-based explanations may cause false positives, which misregards unrelated concepts as important for the prediction task. Our goal is to find the statistically significant concept for classification to prevent misinterpretation. In this study, we propose a method using a deep learning model to learn the image concept and then using the knockoff sample to select the important concepts for prediction by controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR) under a certain value. We evaluate the proposed method in our experiments on both synthetic and real data. Also, it shows that our method can control the FDR properly while selecting highly interpretable concepts to improve the trustworthiness of the model.
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Kanapienytė, Laura, and Renata Činčikaitė. "EVALUATION OF ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE EU MEMBER STATES FOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.821.
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The world is increasingly being affected by globalisation, and investment is being affected by this continuous process. Investment is an important determinant of a country’s growth, its micro- and macroeconomic development, and the overall economic well-being. Attractiveness for investment is an indicator that reveals accessibility and com-petitiveness of a region with all its material and non-material resources compared to other regions with similar char-acteristics. Based on systematic and comparative literature analysis, this article reviews the concepts of foreign direct investment (FDI) and FDI attractiveness, and examines FDI evaluation methods and models. The major purpose of the article is to evaluate attractiveness of the EU member states for FDI. Research methods: synthesis and comparison of the concepts and methods available in scientific literature, secondary data analysis, statistical data processing, multi-criteria evaluation methods. Results of research: developed model for evaluating the attractiveness of particular coun-tries for FDI comprises three groups of determinants (baseline determinants, political and legal determinants, price and quality determinants), by empirical studies revealed that the countries classified by the United Nations as a group of Western Europe and other countries are most attractive for FDI.
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De Paola, Giorgio, and Richar Villarroel Danger. "Efficient FDP Optimization for AI Enhanced Decision Making." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 84th EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214345-ms.
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Abstract The present work introduces an efficient workflow for AI-enhanced decision-making in Field Development Planning Optimization. Despite the clear importance of uncertainty quantification in decision-making, we find that constraints in time, hardware, and costs are often limiting factors during field evaluation, with the drawback of having a biased uncertainty description or a wrong risk perception. The proposed work encompasses history matching, solution analysis, and production optimization with special emphasis on reducing both simulation and processing time, maximizing what we can call the result per core hour. At the center of our work is an AI-guided optimizer suited to avoid excessive convergence bias and maintain an optimal exploration vs. exploitation performance. The optimizer allows the integration of a multi-objective (MO) formulation in standard history matching and optimization workflows. Despite the flexibility of MO optimization and the vast literature in the energy industry, its usage in real-field cases has always been quite limited due to its formulation availability in commercial software and the increased computation time. This work will show improvement in solution accuracy and formulation flexibility compared to Single Objective (SO) formulations at no increase in runtime. MO is based on the iterative convergence of an efficient frontier from the results generated by the simulation. This same concept has been brought to a user analysis step to allow the identification of best solutions across multiple evaluation workflows, lowering the expertise level for a solution.
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BLAJ, Mădălina-Ioana, and Gheorghe OANCEA. "FEM HYPOTHESIS WHICH CAN BE APPLIED FOR FDM APPLICATIONS." In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.22.
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Nowadays, with the evolution of the additive manufacturing processes and its possibility of usage for industrial applications, the tendency is to adapt, optimize or to develop new concepts for the improvement of functional parts or assemblies characteristics. One important concept is the Finite Element Method which offers the possibility to describe mathematically all the physical phenomena which occurs during the functionality of the parts. The aim of this paper is to present several hypotheses for finite element method which could be applied for the analysis of the parts manufactured through Fused Deposition Modeling, considering also the manufacturing defectives.
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Senters, C. W., R. S. Leonard, R. Woodroof, and T. Wood. "Feature-Driven Interactions: The FDI Evolution." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2118/223539-ms.
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Abstract The objective of this paper is to explore the potential of an enhanced classification of "frac hits" or fracture-driven interactions (FDIs) in the context of localized reservoir features. This study introduces a novel classification of FDIs, emphasizing the influence of localized geologic features. By integrating advanced diagnostics and an enhanced metric, ‘communication intensity,’ the paper offers a unique approach to benchmarking well communication. Case studies demonstrate the impact of geologic features and depletion on communication intensity and productivity. The findings highlight the importance of considering geologic features and depletion effects in well development plans to optimize well performance and minimize negative impacts during hydraulic fracturing.
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Pavlović, Aleksandra, Andrea Ivanišević, and Ivana Katić. "THE IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT SCALE FOR FDI LOCATION CHOICE: EVIDENCE FROM SERBIA." In 19th International Scientific Conference on Industrial Systems. Faculty of Technical Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/is-2023-t6.2-8_08841.
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Domestic investment by itself is not enough in today's era of globalization and accelerated economic growth, thus, it is necessary to direct capital beyond the borders of the country. Similar to that, project management must also move across borders. Management across borders require specific set of skills in order to contribute to the successful implementation of projects in the host countries. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between project scale and foreign direct investment in the Republic of Serbia. According to a few previous studies in this area, the project scale is expressed through capital expenditures and employment, while foreign direct investments are expressed as net inflows of foreign capital to Serbia. It was concluded that there is a significant interdependence between the project scale and foreign investments, in the terms of the sensitivity of foreign investments to the choice of investment location. In the future, it is important to pay more attention to this issue and provide a quantitative model that would include some other important macroeconomic variables.
Reports on the topic "Importance of FDI concept"
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Chalise, Bishal. Do Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements Attract Foreign Direct Investment? The Case of Nepal. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.077.
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Countries sign double taxation avoidance agreements (DTAs) to facilitate cross-border investment and capital transfer, thereby promoting overall economic activities. Given the immense importance that countries place on DTAs to promote economic relations, this research aims to determine the effect of DTAs on foreign direct investment (FDI). The research also briefly assesses the capacity of tax administrations, and the political economy around negotiating and agreeing DTAs. The research takes quantitative and qualitative approaches for the assessment, and focuses on the impact of DTAs on FDI flow in Nepal from 1990 to 2020. The literature examining the relationship between DTAs and FDI shows mixed results. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 205.
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Chalise, Bishal. Do Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements Attract Foreign Direct Investment? The Case of Nepal. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.076.
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Countries sign double taxation avoidance agreements (DTAs) to promote bilateral economic activities, and facilitate cross-border investment and capital transfer. Given the importance that countries place on DTAs to promote economic relations, this research aims to determine the impact of DTAs on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nepal from 1990 to 2020. The research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches for the assessment. The paper estimates the average treatment effect of treatment using synthetic difference-in-difference (SDID) with a staggered adoption design. The design is appropriate for two key features in the given setting: (i) tax treaties are signed and come into effect at different times (years); and (ii) many countries without DTAs with Nepal have invested in the country. This can be used to construct the appropriate counterfactuals.
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Ruiz Padilla, Guillermo David, Elvis Gustavo Flórez Álvarez, and Ruth Dinora Medina Berrocal. Importance of Macroeconomics in the Analysis of the Country’s Economic Health. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2023. https://doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.94.
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To talk about macroeconomics without pointing out the concept of economics as a social science is to start out of context, even though the reader may have an idea of what this means. When we speak of economics in general terms, we refer to that part of the social science that studies behavior in terms of the management of the resources available to meet their needs. Its particularity is that this study goes from the individual aspects to the general ones, that is to say, from the actions and decisions taken by the individual in particular, the family, the company, to the actions or economic movements executed by society in general, the economic sectors and the State. Since economics is a very broad discipline, the most renowned economists throughout history, belonging to different currents and doctrines, have divided this science into two major branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Both handle aspects associated with the prefix of each word, i.e., individual economics or economics of small scenarios and movements, and economics of global, general or national movements, respectively. By means of the present note, it is intended to indicate the importance of learning about macroeconomics to be able to make a punctual analysis based on macroeconomic variables, to the economic health of the country, to be able to make adequate use of basic concepts, graphic analysis and reading of tables of values.
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Chervinchuk, Alina. THE CONCEPT OF ENEMY: REPRESENTATION IN THE UKRAINIAN MILITARY DOCUMENTARIES. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11063.
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Research methodology. The following methods were used in this research: general scientific methods (descriptive, analysis, synthesis, comparison) and special (structural, hermeneutic, narrative, method of content analysis). We identified words related to the concept of the enemy and determined the context in which they are used by the authors of the collections Results. The formats of reflection of military reality in collections of military documentaries are investigated. It is emphasized that the authors-observers of events as professional communicators form a vision of events based on categories understandable to the audience – «own» and «others». Instead, the authors-participants go events have more creative space and pay more attention to their own emotional state and reflections. It is defined how the enemy is depicted and what place he occupies in the military reality represented by the authors. It is emphasized that the authors reflect the enemy in different ways. In particular, the authors-observers of the events tried to form a comprehensive vision of the events, and therefore paid much attention to the opposite side of the military conflict. Authors-participants of the events tend to show the enemy as a mass to be opposed. In such collections, the enemy is specified only in the presence of evidence confirming the presence of Russians or militants. Novelty. The research for the first time investigates the methods of representation of military activity in the collections of Ukrainian military documentaries. The article is devoted to the analysis of how the authors represent the enemy. Practical importance. The analysis of collections of military documentaries will allow to study the phenomenon of war and to trace the peculiarities of the authors’ representation of military reality.
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Popow, Paulina, and Emilia Zalewska-Czajczyńska. The landscape of European ISACs in 2023. NASK National Research Institute, 2024. https://doi.org/10.60097/nask/978-83-65448-95-8.
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Report presents the concept of ISACs and analyses their operations in Europe. It highlights diversity of sectors that utilise ISAC services, including, among others, energy, financial and transport sector. It also asserts the importance of international cooperation in effectively countering global cybersecurity threats
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Diakonova, Marina, Corinna Ghirelli, and Juan Quiñónez. Economic Policy Uncertainty in Central America and the Dominican Republic. Banco de España, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/37524.
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The advent of Big Data and computational tools has transformed macroeconomic analysis, introducing real-time, high-frequency text-based indicators such as the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) index pioneered by Baker et al. (2016). However, constructing the EPU index for developing economies remains a challenge, mostly due to limited press coverage. Our study focuses on the Central American region, comprising Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and the Dominican Republic (CAPADR). We construct country-specific EPU indices using a combination of local and regional sources and validate them using the narrative approach in order to ensure variation accurately reflects relevant economic policy events. We offer further empirical validation by computing impulse response functions for key macroeconomic variables, at both country and representative country level. We show that EPU shocks lead to a decline in economic activity, foreign direct investment (FDI) and tourism levels. Our findings underline the importance of EPU monitoring in Central America and offer a solution through our indices.
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Slotiuk, Tetiana. CONCEPT OF SOLUTIONS JOURNALISM MODEL: CONNOTION, FUNCTIONS, FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11097.
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The article examines the main features, general characteristics and essence of the concept of solutions journalism. The basic principles of functioning of this model of journalism in the western press and in Ukraine are given. The list and features of activity of the organizations, institutes and editorial offices supporting development of journalism of solutions journalism. The purpose of the publication is to describe the Solutions Journalism model: its features, characteristics and features of functioning, to find out the difference in the understanding of the concept of «solutions journalism» and «constructive journalism» in general. The task of the publication was to conceptualize the main trends in the development of solutions journalism in the Western and Ukrainian information space; show the main characteristics, formats of functioning and analyze the features of the concepts of «solutions journalism» and «constructive journalism». Applied research methods: at the stage of research of the history of formation of the concept of Solutions Journalism the historical method is used. The hermeneutic method of research helped in the interpretation of basic concepts, the phenomenological approach was applied in the context of considering the essence of the phenomenon of solutions journalism. At the stage of generalization of the features of the concepts of Solutions Journalism and «constructive journalism» a comparative method was used, which gave an understanding of the common components in their essence. The method of analysis allowed to expand the understanding of the purpose of Solutions Journalism as a type of social journalism and its main tasks. With the help of synthesis it was possible to comprehensively understand the concept of Solutions Journalism and understand its features. In Ukraine, this type of journalism is just emerging, but its introduction into the editorial policy of the media may have a national importance. These are regional and local media that can inform their communities about the positive solution of certain problems in other communities, and thus thanks to this model can save local journalism. In the scientific context, there is a need to outline the main differences in the understanding of the concepts of decision journalism and constructive journalism, to understand the socio-psychological need to create good news.
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Kokurina, Olga Yu. SOCIETAL-METABOLIC SYSTEM OF THE STATE: EXPERIENCE OF SYNTHETIC RESEARCH. THE ELECTRONIC MANUAL. SIB-Expertise, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0756.18122023.
Full textAbstract:
This electronic manual presents a number of theoretical and methodological tools based on the key concept: “societal (social) metabolism.” In summary, the synthetic concept of societal metabolism goes beyond the perspective of traditional social sciences by contextualizing the biophysical dimension of metabolic exchange between society and nature. Distancing from reductionist approaches, the interdisciplinary concept of societal metabolism recognizes the importance of mutual connections and interactions of factors of material and social exchange, within the framework of established individual and group social practices in the life of society. The electronic manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and to anyone interested in the theory and practice of applying interdisciplinary approaches to social science problems.
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Delmer, Deborah P., and Prem S. Chourey. The Importance of the Enzyme Sucrose Synthase for Cell Wall Synthesis in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568771.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this work was to understand the role of the enzyme sucrose synthase (SuSy) in synthesis of cellulose and callose in plants. The work resulting from the this grant leads to a number of conclusions. SuSy clearly plays diverse roles in carbon metabolism. It can associate with the plasma membrane of cells undergoing rapid cellulose deposition, such as cotton fibers, developing maize endosperm, gravistimulated pulvini, and transfer cells of the cotton seed. It is also concentrated at sites of high callose deposition (tapetal cells; cell plates). When SuSy levels are lowered by mutation or by anti-sense technology, cell walls undergo degeneration (maize endosperm) and show reduced levels of cellulose (potato tubers). In sum, our evidence has very much strengthened the concept that SuSy does function in the plasma membrane to channel carbon from sucrose via UDP-glucose to glucan synthase complexes. Soluble SuSy also clearly plays a role in providing carbon for starch synthesis and respiration. Surprisingly, we found that the cotton seed is one unique case where SuSy apparently does not play a role in starch synthesis. Current evidence in sum suggests that no specific SuSy gene encodes the membrane-associated form, although in maize the SS 1 form of SuSy may be most important for cell wall synthesis in the early stages of endosperm development. Work is still in progress to determine what does control membrane localization - and the current evidence we have favors a role for Ca2+, and possibly also protein phosphorylation by differentially regulated protein kinases. Finally, we have discovered for the first time, a major new family of genes that encode the catalytic subunit of the cellulose synthase of plants - a result that has been widely cited and opens many new approaches for the study of this important plant function.
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Machado, Rui Menezes, Hugo Sarmento, Miguel Valeiro, Gabriel Torres Tobio, Daniel Duarte, and Pedro Teques. School Sport, conceptual and operational realities: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0027.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: What is the concept of School Sport in different countries and how they operationalize it? Condition being studied: The School Sports in several countries, are a crucial element of the educational system and assumes an increseally importance for the physical activity and health programs. In this pandemic period, the physical activity and the wellbeing of children and young adults have come to the center of a large discussion. The school sports, in this context, are assumed as player in consideration, but as countries discuss it, are noted different understandings of the school sports concept in each country as well different approaches and applications of it.