Academic literature on the topic 'Important mental empowerment'

Introduction: Online mental health communities may provide new opportunities for rehabilitation for people with mental illness, so it is important to understand the factors that influence the continued use of online mental health communities by people with mental illness. Methods: From the perspective of empowerment, based on the theory of health self-efficacy and expectation confirmation, this study explored the mediating role of health self-efficacy and expectation confirmation in the empowerment process of patients in online mental health communities and users’ intention to continue using online mental health communities. To verify this model, we obtained 272 valid questionnaires. The SmartPLS 3.0 software was selected for model construction and empirical analysis. Results: Health self-efficacy completely mediates the relationship between the empowerment process (i.e., emotional support, information support, helping others and sharing experiences) and users’ intention to continue using an online mental health community. Expectation confirmation partially mediates the relationship between the empowerment process (i.e., information support and finding recognition) and users’ intention to continue using an online mental health community. Conclusion: The empowerment process is the main predictor of user health self-efficacy and expectation confirmation. This study has certain theoretical and practical significance for online mental health community research.

Health is the most important component of human life, and mental health even more so; the quality of mental health depends on the way individuals understand social relationships, manage to integrate in the family, in the group of friends, in the community, in social life. The European project KA202 - Strategic Partnerships for vocational education and training (Empow'Them) aims to develop an innovative methodology, which offers continuous, non-disruptive, free training addressed to all professionals. The project is a plea for the important role of self-determination in the recovery and reintegration of people suffering from various mental illnesses. This idea is in line with the Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 (WHO, 2013) and the Journal Plus EducationVol. XXXII, no.1/MAY, 2023 p.215-222 216 European Commission Green Paper of 2005, which states that self-determination and empowerment of people with mental disorders are fundamental concepts in mental health to improve social inclusion. Self-determination is seen to act as a catalyst for beneficiaries' ability to make decisions about their own lives, represents a reflection, search and implementation of viable solutions to support people in a vulnerable moment of their lives. The "Empow'Them" project is consistent with the actions supported by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN, 2008), as it aims to contribute to the respect and dignity of people affected by mental illness through professional practices that support their individual freedom


 Community empowerment is an important approach to improving health at various social, economic, and cultural levels. This approach emphasizes the active role of communities in managing and improving their own well-being, including aspects of physical, mental, and social health. Community empowerment involves the process of developing the knowledge, skills, and capacity of individuals and groups to understand and overcome health problems. This can include health education, the promotion of healthy lifestyles, strengthening access to health services, and building community-friendly health infrastructure. Through collaboration between governments, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector, community empowerment can be an effective means to improve the accessibility and quality of health services, as well as to reduce health disparities among different groups of people. The implementation of community empowerment programs has shown a significant impact on increasing health knowledge, improving healthy living behaviors, and reducing preventable disease and mortality. The development of strategies and policies that support community empowerment is an important step in achieving sustainable development goals in the health sector

IntroductionBackground: Maternal mental health is increasingly becoming a public health concern in developing countries because of predominant health and socio-economic inequalities. Mental well-being is essential for a woman to cope with daily life stresses and contribute positively to her community. Initiatives that empower women can enhance their well-being and improve the health of their families. However, limited evidence shows how women’s empowerment affects maternal well-being in a rural setting.ObjectivesThis paper explores the perspective of women’s economic empowerment in a rural Kenyan community and its effect on women’s mental well-being.Methods We purposively sampled women and men from the rural community who met the eligibility criteria (women who were pregnant and or with a child less than two years old and married men and residents in the community. We conducted two focus group discussions with the men and women separately, 11 key informant interviews with community stakeholders, and a four-month participant observation of 20 women participants who were pregnant and or with a child less than one year old.Results The study found that economically empowered women had greater decision-making power and self-efficacy. However, cultural expectations and barriers that dictated the role of women prevented them from accessing and controlling resources and participating in important decisions such as land and property ownership. Women faced domestic violence (physical, verbal, and denial of basic needs) and inadequate support (emotional, physical, and financial) from spouses and other family members. These challenges and barriers increased their mental stress. To cope, women engaged in economic activities individually or in groups to meet the basic needs of their families.ConclusionsWomen’s economic empowerment can positively and negatively affect their overall well-being. Positively, women gain greater access to resources, improved decision-making, and the ability to plan and achieve their goals. Negatively, empowerment can lead to reduced spousal and kin support and an increased risk of domestic violence. Furthermore, these negative consequences can also affect women’s mental well-being. To ensure the well-being of mothers, it is crucial to engage men in empowerment programs and raise awareness in communities to address socio-cultural norms that impede women’s economic empowerment and negatively affect the well-being of women. Additionally, mental health support should be incorporated into these empowerment programs to mitigate the negative effects of women’s empowerment and improve resilience.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Abstract Background Area-based initiatives that include a focus on community empowerment are increasingly being seen as potentially an important way of improving health and reducing inequalities. However, there is little empirical evidence on the pathways between communities having more control and health outcomes. Purpose To identify pathways to health improvement in a community-led area-based community empowerment initiative. Methods Longitudinal data on mental health, community control, area belonging, satisfaction, social cohesion and safety were collected over two time points, 6 months apart from 48 participants engaged in the Big Local programme, England. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was used to explore pathways to health improvement. Results There was no clear single pathway that led to mental health improvement but positive changes in ‘neighbourhood belonging’ featured in 4/5 health improvement configurations. Further, where respondents experienced no improvement in key social participation/control factors, they experienced no health improvement. Conclusion This study demonstrates a potential pathway between an improvement in ‘neighbourhood belonging’ and improved mental health outcomes in a community empowerment initiative. Increasing neighbourhood belonging could be a key target for mental health improvement interventions.

Government plays an important role in creating an environment that supports the development of creative skills for mental patients, which contributes to increased sense of empowerment, better self-confidence, and positive social interaction. This study analyzes how this collaboration between stakeholders empowers mental patients in the form of creativity skills in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach The source of this research data is Online news media. Data is obtained using the N capture feature on Nvivo 12 plus where the N capture feature is a web browser extension developed to capture web content in the form of website content, social media, and other document content such as scientific articles. The results showed that the government has an important role in the implementation of empowerment, which is as much as 42.39%, then mental hospitals contribute as much as 33.77%, and finally creative industry players who conduct skills training as much as 24.83%. From this data, it shows that these three related elements have provided real implementation for mental patients so that justice and patient rights can be fulfilled. The skills provided consist of Visual Arts, Music and Music Therapy, Creative Writing, Garden and Landscaping, Handicrafts.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the determinants of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in insulin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on demographic and disease characteristics, self-reported regimen adherence factors (adherence in insulin regimen and self-monitoring of blood glucose), and psychosocial factors (decisional balance for insulin injection, health literacy, self-efficacy for insulin injection, diabetes distress, and empowerment perceptions). Via convenience sampling, 255 insulin-treated patients with T2DM were recruited from two endocrinology clinics in Taiwan. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect demographic and disease characteristics, regimen adherence factors, and psychosocial factors. The first HbA1c level measured after completion of the questionnaire was the dependent variable. The last HbA1c level measured before patients started insulin therapy as well as body mass index (BMI) was collected from medical records. Results indicated that adherence in insulin regimen was relatively good. Regimen adherence factors did not significantly correlate with HbA1c levels, but empowerment perception, decisional balance for insulin injection, health literacy, and diabetes distress did. The hierarchical multiple regression models indicated that BMI, the last HbA1c levels before starting insulin therapy, empowerment perception, and diabetes distress were important determinants of HbA1c levels. Nurses could periodically assess the diabetes distress of insulin-treated patients with T2DM and refer to mental health professionals when needed. Furthermore, applying empowerment approaches such as enhancing self-awareness of improved glycemic control and sharing more decision-making power with insulin-treated patients with T2DM might have benefits for their glycemic control.

This study examined the relationships between Grade 10 students' academic motivation, sense of empowerment, and overall well-being at Valencia National High School in Valencia City, Bukidnon, during the 2024–2025 academic year. The study used self-assessment questionnaires for academic motivation, empowerment, and overall well-being through validated tools measuring various factors in gathering quantitative data from 312 students chosen through purposive random sampling using a descriptive-correlational research method. Pearson-Product Moment correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationships between these variables. Findings revealed that students exhibited high academic motivation, particularly in using information and self-challenging but demonstrated lower levels of discovery-based learning. Their sense of empowerment was strong, as they felt capable of managing academic tasks and contributing meaningfully. However, empowerment had a minimal impact on overall well-being. Although students’ well-being was adequate, more focus was required in areas like relational well-being and psychological resilience. The most important predictor of students’ overall well-being was self-challenging, with motivated students demonstrating more emotional stability and resilience. The study concluded that although academic motivation and empowerment have a beneficial impact on overall well-being, other important aspects like peer interactions and institutional support are also important. To improve students' overall growth and well-being, educational institutions should prioritize encouraging self-directed learning, mental health support, and greater social ties.

AbstractIntroduction:Individual social capital has been recognized as having an important role for health and well-being. We tested the hypothesis that poor social capital increases internalized stigma and, in turn, can reduce empowerment among people with major depressive disorder (MDD).Materials and methods:This is a cross-sectional multisite study conducted on a sample of 516 people with MDD in 19 European countries. Structural Equation Models were developed to examine the direct and indirect effects of self-stigma and social capital on empowerment.Results:Social capital and self-stigma accounted for 56% of the variability in empowerment. Higher social capital was related to lower self-stigma (r = –0.72, P < 0.001) which, in turn, partially mediated the relationship between social capital and empowerment (r = 0.38, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Social capital plays a key role in the appraisal of empowerment, both directly and through the indirect effect mediated by self-stigma. In order to improve empowerment of people with MDD, we identify strategies to foster individual social capital, and to overcome the negative consequences related to self-stigma for attainment of life goals.

This paper integrates the findings of two evaluations into the effectiveness of human health workforce training delivery and outcomes. In the period 2012–2015, Wontulp-Bi-Buya College ran the Certificate III in Addictions Management and Community Development and the Certificate IV in Indigenous Mental Health: Suicide Prevention. The key findings are presented under three thematic areas: personal to community wellbeing, enrolment and completion and withdrawal and employment and voluntary sector engagement. The outcomes of both evaluations are combined to build a picture of successful course delivery, satisfaction and completion rates that well exceed the national average. The significant contribution the authors draw from these is the problematisation and theorising of the concept of ‘empowerment’. A term claimed by the College in its mission statement, the term ‘systemic empowerment’ has been co-developed with the College to both reclaim the concept of empowerment and to make sense of the personal and collective empowerment approach that serves as a framework for the trainer's pedagogy and course structures. Systemic empowerment contributes to the Colleges’ theory of change to tackle very important contemporary social and political issues holistically and at their root and serves as an important model of adult vocational education and training for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Positive mental health can contribute to better educational, employment, and social functioning. Public mental health includes both mental health promotion and prevention of mental ill health. Public mental health works at levels of general and whole population and society, vulnerable groups and individuals, and those needing early diagnosis and intervention. At each level different strategies are required. It is recognized that, when in distress, most individuals will seek help first from within their personal, social, and folk support systems and seek professional help only if that does not work. This depends upon healthcare systems and available resources. In this chapter the editors propose that public mental health is an important part of any healthcare system and suggest ways forward. They recognize that there is research evidence confirming the value of mental health promotion through education and empowerment, and by promoting strength and resilience through various local and national activities

At first glance, neuroethics and global mental health would seem to have relatively little in common; the former is often focused on the use or misuse of novel and specialized neurotechnologies in specialized or high-income settings, while the latter is often focused on the scaling up of existing treatments in primary care settings in low- and middle-income countries. On closer examination, however, they have significant overlapping concerns and approaches that may be mutually empowering. They both (1) take a naturalist and empirical approach to their questions of interest, (2) are concerned with both disease and with well-being, (3) embrace human rights and patient empowerment, and (4) hold a deep appreciation for human diversity. This chapter considers each of these areas and argues for the importance of conversation and collaboration between neuroethics and global mental health toward a truly international neuroethics.

In The Experiential Therapist: Phenomenology, Trauma-Informed Care, and Mental Health, Peter D. Ladd steps outside of the medical model to explore alternative ways of thinking about mental health disorders. Through case studies and analyses of current methods and research, Ladd stresses the importance of incorporating trauma-informed care, phenomenological insights, and empowerment methods in daily practice. By analyzing issues such as collaboration, wisdom, momentum, dialogue, and necessary suffering, Ladd highlights the importance of engaging with a patient’s mental health experience and its impact on her family and argues that successful treatment results from an informed understanding of a patient’s experience, not an ability to name and categorize difficult experiences as classical disorders.

Dancers who want to get the most out of their experience in dance—whether in college, high school, a dance studio, or a dance company—can now take charge of their wellness. Dancer Wellness will help them learn and apply important wellness concepts as presented through the in-depth research conducted by the International Association for Dance Medicine & Science (IADMS) and their experts from around the world. Four Primary Areas Dancer Wellness covers four primary topics: 1. Foundations of dancer wellness, which explores the dancer's physical environment, the science behind training, and conditioning 2. Mental components of dancer wellness, which investigates the psychological aspects that influence a dancer's training—imagery, somatic practices, and the ways that rest, fatigue, and burnout affect learning, technique, and injury risk and recovery 3. Physical aspects of dancer wellness, which examines dancer nutrition and wellness, including the challenges in maintaining good nutrition, addressing body composition issues, bone health, injury prevention, and first aid 4. Assessments for dancer wellness, which offers guidance in goal setting, screenings, assessing abilities, and designing a personal wellness plan Each chapter offers learning objectives at the beginning and review questions at the end to help readers recall what they have learned. Sidebars within each chapter focus on self-awareness, empowerment, goal setting, and diversity in dance. “Dancer Wellness meets the needs of dancers in any setting,” says Virginia Wilmerding, one of the book's editors from IADMS. “Our authors are leaders in the field, and they thoroughly investigate their areas of specialization. Through that investigation we have provided theoretical concepts and practical information and applications that dancers can use to enhance their health and wellness as part of their dance practice.” This text offers foundational information to create a comprehensive view of dancer wellness. “Wellness defines the state of being healthy in both mind and body through conscious and intentional choices and efforts,” says coeditor Donna Krasnow. “Anyone interested in the health and wellness of dancers can benefit from this book, regardless of previous training or level of expertise. This book covers each aspect of dancer wellness, whether environmental, physical, or psychological.”

One of the most valuable roles a manager can perform in today's rapidly changing environment is to mentor and inspire the people around them to learn. By nurturing talent, motivating individual development, and encouraging excellence, a manager's mentoring can enhance individual performance and the organization's prospects for success. Mentoring is not an easy skill to develop, and many managers, who may excel at leading or coaching, may be disasters as mentors when it comes to creating a bond and bringing out untapped qualities in others. The Manager as Mentor goes beyond traditional approaches to explore the newest techniques in mentoring and collaboration. Featuring personal development tools, worksheets, and references, The Manager as Mentor will enable managers to bring out the best in themselves, the people they guide, and their organizations. Mentoring is an age-old practice, tracing its roots in ancient Greek folklore to Odysseus' friend, Mentor, whom the Homeric hero entrusted as guide to his son's development. Today, with the ascendance of the knowledge age and the transformation of the workplace into an environment of continual learning, mentoring has emerged as one of the most important and valuable roles a manager can perform. By serving as a role model, providing feedback, nurturing talent, inspiring individual development, and facilitating excellence, a manager's mentoring strengthens relationships within the organization, and ultimately contributes to such critical factors as improved job performance, low turnover, and greater profitability. Mentoring is not an easy skill to attain, however, and many managers who may excel at leading teams or coordinating projects may be disasters as mentors. The Manager as Mentor explores emerging trends and approaches to help managers master the skills of effective mentoring—and enhance themselves, their proteges, and their organizations in the process. Drawing from extensive research, dozens of examples, and their own practical application in training managers around the world, the authors argue that exceptional mentoring skills can be developed. They guide the reader toward understanding the key roles that mentors play and the activities and techniques they can employ for maximum impact. Diagnostic exercises will help readers assess their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for development, and create a step-by-step action plan for achieving goals—either individually or in groups. The authors also offer an extensive listing of resources for more in-depth information on various aspects of mentoring, such as problem solving, active listening, and employee advocacy. Ultimately, The Manager as Mentor offers the tools by which managers can promote learning, empowerment, and insight to create vibrant organizational cultures.

AbstractThis chapter explores theories of bounded agency, and what we think they offer the study of lifelong learning for young adults, partly by theoretical discussion, but also through a qualitative case study of a personalised youth employability project which places the young people’s personal experience centrally, as ‘experts’ in their own lives. Theoretically, it discusses the relationships between such concepts as agency, empowerment and belonging. The case study illustrates how important belonging can be to adult learning, particularly among the most socially and politically excluded young adults, for whom social isolation and mental ill-health can compound pre-existing social and structural barriers.

AbstractThe first three chapters of this book have identified societal demands for understanding Civic Statistics (Chap. 1), described specific features of the statistical and mathematical information citizens receive about civic issues (Chap. 2), and mapped out the facets and tools (skills, knowledge, mental and motivational tools) needed to critically understand such statistical and mathematical information about society (Chap. 3). The present chapter examines issues that are essential for promoting necessary changes in the teaching and learning of Civic Statistics, which are needed for empowering citizens to engage with and analyze data sources and data-informed reasoning about burning issues in society, and critically interpret messages related to Civic Statistics encountered in the news media, social networks and related digital sources. The chapter first provides further illustrations of activities or tasks pertaining to Civic Statistics and shows how to analyse task demands in terms of the facets and tools they require. Then, general questions are examined regarding the all-important alignment of the features of Civic Statistics and their demands with curriculum plans and learning goals, classroom teaching practices, and assessment methods. We provide some guidelines for developing assessment items relevant to Civic Statistics. Finally, the chapter presents six broad recommendations related to changes in systemic issues that can promote attention to and critical understanding of Civic Statistics, at the school and university levels, and which can improve effective instruction and assessment in this regard, within mathematics education, statistics and data science education, and related disciplines.

AbstractThis chapter begins by examining the importance of resilience in response to extreme weather events, before considering the role of performing arts projects in dealing with the aftermath of disaster. Including First Nations approaches, examples from diverse cultural settings and the powerful potential of digital technology, it reveals how performing arts endeavours afford aesthetic opportunities that can give voice to and make sense of crisis experiences that precipitate mental health and wellbeing challenges as devastating as the events themselves. Drawing on critical research findings including those from the 10-year Beyond Bushfires study in Australia, the authors demonstrate how empathy and social bonding can be fostered through artistic engagements to develop personal and community resilience and support creative recovery. Forewarning the accelerating and intensifying unpredictable character of disasters driven by climate change, the authors go on to underscore the need for significantly greater preparedness for future crisis events. Engaging with a small body of existing work, the authors investigate the possibilities of ‘performing preparedness’ – embracing storytelling, embodied performance practices and digital technology as routes to developing agency, empowerment, understanding and strategies that can build capacity for dynamic readiness in rapidly evolving and unforeseen crises.

Abstract As a parent advisor, it is important to know how mental disorders are diagnosed in children. The diagnostic process can often seem difficult and confusing to parents. The information in this chapter should be used as a resource to help parents understand how diagnostic labels are determined and used. However, diagnosing and treating mental disorders is a complex task, and appropriate training is required. The material provided in this chapter should be used for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for a thorough evaluation or treatment by a licensed mental health provider.

Abstract It is important for parents to work effectively with their child’s mental health care provider during treatment. This chapter provides information to help prepare parents for the treatment process. It includes tips to help parents form a productive partnership with providers. Finally, it offers strategies for assertive communication.

Abstract Safecare, a managed care plan, announced that it was pulling out of Medicare in a particular county. Safecare had sustained significant financial losses during the last three years, and the announcement stated that Medicare reimbursement was inadequate to cover the cost of providing care to patients in that county. Those long-term members of Safecare who were now over 65 and enrolled through Medicare learned that the plan they had belonged to for more than 30 years was dropping their coverage. The members who were threatened with loss of the plan met as a group and wrote a petition to the organization: “We have been loyal and committed members for up to 30 years. If Safecare leaves our county, some of us will lose longstanding doctor relationships. How can Safecare have made this decision without even giving us a chance to influence it beforehand? “ The city of Philadelphia was determined to unify its Medicaid-supported substance abuse and mental health services into an innovative, city-wide managed care system. But bold ideas in the public mental health sector-like deinstitutionalizationhave caused significant harm as well as important gains.

Abstract A little mutuality, as Zaynab says in this chapter, goes a long way. So it is through a collaborative process that this chapter discusses the place that a mental health nursing assessment has in a person’s care and in nursing practice. Relevant theory, policy, and law are addressed. Good practice in preparing and conducting a mental health nursing assessment is also considered, through the lenses of patient and nursing experience. This is presented as a conversation between these voices, in a manner which it is hoped mirrors the exemplar of a mental health nursing assessment. Important considerations are highlighted, and the role of the mental state examination in compassionate assessment discussed in detail. This chapter takes the perspective that a good mental health nursing assessment should hold the virtues of voice, choice, and empowerment at its core.

This chapter explains why mental health is important for well-being and community development and briefly gives the history of mental health services in low- and middle-income countries. It suggests the best ways of engaging with the needs of those with no access to services and how to improve the current situation. The chapter lists the essential elements of a community mental health programme, discusses medical, psychological, and social aspects of mental ill health, and how to raise community awareness and empowerment to use services. It describes how to establish a mental health programme, including analysing the situation, planning the stages, implementing the programme, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E).

Abstract A comprehensive understanding of outcomes measurement in the mental health field should be based on an analysis of at least four different points of view, including those of consumers,1 practitioners, researchers, and funding/ policy bodies. An initial premise for the current discussion is that stakeholder perspectives emerge from each group’s distinct relationship to outcomes measurement as a socially situated process. Additionally, an analysis of differences among stakeholder perspectives on outcomes reveals important implications for mental health service delivery systems and for consumer empowerment. Finally, although outcomes measurement operates broadly in mental health services, this discussion will apply the subject specifically to mood disorders treatment.

Dance represents a comprehensive activity that significantly contributes to the physical, mental, and social health of older women, making it an important tool for improving their quality of life. This paper examines various aspects of dance, including its role in enhancing physical fitness, balance, and mobility, as well as preventing chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, the ability of dance to foster cognitive resilience through improved memory, attention, and executive functions, as well as its effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, is highlighted. The social component of dance is particularly significant for older women, as this activity facilitates the formation of new social connections, reduces feelings of isolation, and promotes a sense of belonging within the community. Additionally, dance provides an opportunity for creative expression and affirmation of personal identity, which is crucial for overcoming social stereotypes and maintaining a positive body image in later life. The conclusions of this study emphasize that dance offers a holistic approach by integrating the physical, mental, and social dimensions of health, thereby significantly contributing to the well-being of older women. This research provides a foundation for designing programmatic interventions that incorporate dance as an effective instrument for enhancing health and quality of life in this demographic group.

ABSTRACT Background: It’s a stressor to have a family of mental illnesses. Financial, social, psychological, and physical burdens are created by looking after people with mental disorders. For the patient, the family is the informal caregiver. It is important to discuss, with a great burden, how social capital can be developed and how the role of social capital is played in treating people with mental disorders. The research was carried out on Javanese individuals who have a cultural structure that prioritizes the importance of peace in collective life. Not only the nuclear family, but also the extended family and the larger community are active in the life of Javanese society. This study aimed to describe the social capital phenomenology study among people who treat mental disorder caregivers. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study using a phenomenological study approach. The study was carried out in Surakarta City, Central Java, in September and October 2019. These study subjects were people who were carers for people with mental disorders. The sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation. Qualitative data analysis was obtained by means of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. Data reliability was carried out using NVivo 12 software. Data validity was done by matching the results of interviews with observations, as well as multiple interviews. Results: Data was collected from four respondents with different demographic backgrounds. Six themes were obtained, namely 1) trust in God, government, family, and neighbors; 2) The role of family and neighbors in seeking help; 3) The role of family and neighbors in caring for patients; 4) building social networks; 5) Participation in society; and 6) Social capital is dynamic. Conclusion: The respondents are found to have the same social cognitive capital, but different social structural capital. The level of education, the economic level, self-esteem, and the behavior of people with mental disorders are influenced by structural social capital. Family and neighbors can have a positive or negative role in looking after people with mental disorders. They also play a role in the decision to seek assistance for individuals with mental disorders. Keywords: mental disorders, carers, social capital Correspondence: Adriesti Herdaetha. Doctoral Program of Community Development / Empowerment, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: aherdaetha@gmail.com. Mobile: +628122582995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.40

Introduction Health promotion interventions at the community and population levels are among others, crucial for tackling non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and infectious diseases, enhancing mental health, and addressing the social determinants of health and health equity. As a key aspect of public health, it is not only aimed at developing individual skills and capabilities, but also to improvement of the political, social, environmental, and economic factors of importance for public and individual health. (1) To achieve long-term change, it is of great importance that health promotion is evidence-based, integrated, sustained, and adequately address the wide-ranging challenges. The Shanghai Declaration on Promoting Health in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the need to address health determinants, ensure good governance, improve health literacy, create healthy cities and environments, and foster social mobilization and equity. (2) Addressing the structural determinants of health demands changes in social policies and systems to reduce poverty, improve living and working conditions, ensure equitable access to resources and services, and address societal norms and values to combat discrimination while promoting social justice. Past and Current state of Health Promotion The roles of public health, health education, and health promotion have evolved significantly over time. In the 19th century, improvements in nutrition, and hygiene contributed to better health. The introduction of vaccines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and antibiotics in the 1930s enabled effective control of infectious diseases. Increasing awareness of the effects of risk factors on health underscored the importance of disease prevention in reducing noncommunicable diseases. The 1974 Lalonde Report (3) and the 1986 Ottawa Charter (4) marked the start of a significant era in health promotion, leading to a focus on population health. The health promotion paradigm also changed over time. The preventive paradigm is risk-focused, aiming at preventing health issues within populations and communities. It facilitates early diagnosis and access to reliable health information. On the other hand, the health-promotion paradigm emphasizes societal factors, health determinants, and the empowerment of individuals and communities, advocating for access to rights and equity. As stated in Minsk declaration, a life-course approach, focusing on health across different stages of life stress the importance of a healthy start and individuals' needs throughout their daily lives and during pivotal moments. By targeting the root causes of ill health rather than just the symptoms, it encourages early investments that can deliver significant advantages for both public health and economic outcomes. (5) The changes and challenges that the world is increasingly facing highlight the need for evidence-based health promotion utilizing the best available research, practice, and evaluation data to design, implement, and assess health promotion interventions, ensuring they are effective, efficient, and tailored to population needs. Challenges and Opportunities While advancements in science and living standards have improved longevity and reduced infectious disease rates, challenges such as pandemics, obesity, malnutrition, antimicrobial resistance, and NCDs remain significant. Such challenges remain, among other, due to of unhealthy lifestyles, growing pollution, and a focus on reactive rather than preventive medicine. Health-related behaviors, such as inadequate vaccination and low cancer screening rates, are often rooted in human behavior and impose a heavy burden on health systems and individual well-being. To effectively address them, the cultural contexts in which they occur, and the engagement of those affected are needed as well as application of models, and methods from behavioral and cultural sciences. Challenges also include the effects of global disruptions like climate change, armed conflicts, irresponsible business practices, corruption, and unsustainable production on health. These events highlight the critical importance of strong health systems and further strengthening of health promotion focus on promoting overall well-being, not just treating diseases. One of the opportunities for health promotions is people's increased awareness of their rights and responsibilities. Citizen participation in social mobilization can be a powerful tool to shape sustainable development policies and shall play an important role in health promotion. Social movements are gaining momentum worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines social participation as the empowerment of individuals, communities, and civil society by ensuring inclusive involvement in decision-making across all stages of policy development and at every level of the health system. Building upon previous intergovernmental agreements at the Seventy-seventh World Health Assembly, Member States endorsed a resolution aimed at establishment, enhancing, and sustaining meaningful social participation in health-related decision-making processes. Another, still persisting challenge is achieving effective intersectoral action for health, as it demands political will, coordinated efforts, and structures to support cross-sectoral policy development and implementation. A 'Health in All Policies' (HiAP) approach promotes intersectoral collaboration across government and society, advocating for new working models, including effective intersectoral structures, participatory processes, and partnerships. However, HiAP has been fully implemented in only a few countries, and many countries lack the necessary intersectoral policy systems and structures. Sustainable financing is essential for health promotion, as consistent funding is needed to maintain efforts over time. According to a study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), less than 3% of total healthcare expenditure is usually allocated to prevention and health promotion, with spending often decreasing significantly during economic recessions. (6) Future Directions in Health Promotion Global health concerns will change in the future, and health promotion will need to continuously adapt to the social and political changes such as globalization, emergencies, wars, economic crises, and periods of growth. Being strategically prepared for the future boosts the ability to navigate upcoming trends and uncertainties. To assess the megatrends, driving forces, and unpredictable factors that might profoundly impact people's well-being in future, in 2020, WHO team conducted strategic foresight that provides an analysis of health-promotion system capacity models and a horizon-scanning of global trends. The key findings on the future of health promotion suggest expanding the capacity of health-promotion and call for the paradigm shifts needed to progress the agenda on planetary health, One Health and well-being. Some practices are expected to endure, as they are vital for the sustainability of future systems, but current paradigms will evolve and shift significantly. Essentially, the future health model will blend elements of medical care, preventive measures, and health promotion, along with the planetary health paradigm. (7) To effectively implement comprehensive health promotion interventions, robust infrastructures are necessary to support delivery within the health system and across various sectors. This involves developing organizational capacity and structures with a clear mandate to support intersectoral health promotion at both national and local levels. In addition, mechanisms for cross-sectoral collaboration are essential and leadership and governance must broaden their thinking and adapt quickly to handle emergencies and uncertainties. Focus should be also on adopting a visionary approach, understanding people's willingness to act, and evaluating how much bureaucracy should be challenged. (8) Conclusion Despite achievements and developments, often there's a general lack of understanding about where health promotion fits within public health and the broader health system. The complexity of contemporary health threats, which disproportionately impact the most disadvantaged, underscores the need for immediate and transformative action to achieve measurable progress. Although understanding the past is crucial, relying on it alone is insufficient for effective decision-making in a in a rapidly changing world. Being strategically prepared for the future enhance the capability to manage emerging trends and uncertainties. It is crucial for governments to create responsive health policies and programs, ensuring broad stakeholder involvement and progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC) without leaving anyone behind.

This working paper seeks to explore the different ways that community-based initiatives adopt to support women living in underprivileged colonies in New Delhi, access economic, educational, physical and mental well-being. This research examined three collectivising initiatives – a nongovernmental organisation, a voluntary project, and a livelihood program supported by a philanthropic grant to work with women from marginalised communities. In doing so, it mapped the role of the initiatives in raising critical consciousness among women about their socio-economic position, self-esteem, agency and rights. Experiences of empowerment were constructed in line with Freire’s model of conscientisation that suggest that a fundamental shift in power and the dismantling of oppressive structures happen when people are aware of their lived realities and realise their capacity to shape strategies for altering their position in society. The selected initiatives lay out strategies that other community-based initiatives can adopt for sustainable impact. This is based on the principles of co-construction, helping women make informed decisions, and act as a driver for social change. By identifying relevant community-based initiatives, the paper aims to contribute in locating women’s empowerment agenda in the philanthropic landscape of India. Further, it hopes to chart out the social impact that these initiatives create, presenting their participation as important stakeholders in supporting women in their economic and mental well being. Thus, the paper strives to foster a philanthropic ecosystem that supports community-based initiatives to enhance their capacities in addressing women’s issues.

Financial participation within households serves as an important indicator of women’s economic empowerment. While previous studies have explored household finances and savings, digital savings via online or mobile channels have been overlooked. This study looks to shed light here, particularly around goal setting as a process towards saving in women. We used semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore topics like savings patterns, digital finance adoption, mental accounting, money allocation, expenses, and agency. Each FGD had 3-5 participants, encouraging dialogue about savings behaviors, approaches, barriers, strategies, and financial decision-making dynamics within their households. We also performed mindmapping where we asked participants to write out the distribution of their household income in size bubbles and flowcharts around which we developed our follow up conversations to gain insight on our target group.