Relevant bibliographies by topics / Impots directs

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Impots directs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Impots directs"

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Keho, Yaya. "Foreign Direct Investment and Import Demand in Cote d’Ivoire." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.2.661.

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Medonos, T., L. Jelínek, and J. Humpál. "The national and regional impacts of direct payments modulation in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 4 (May 5, 2009): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/22/2009-agricecon.

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This paper addresses <i>(ex ante)</i> the issue of the potential impact of the modulation of direct payments on a sector and regional scale in the Czech Republic. The ultimate version of the compulsory modulation measure adopted under the Health Check of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) assumes the reduction of direct payments if the total individual claim exceeds 5 thousand € or 300 thousand € level. The Czech agricultural sector will be impacted by this measure substantially, given the large scale farming enterprises. In 2013, the total farmers’ direct payments will be cut by more than 10% (€ 91 million). Moreover, there are regional differences in farm structures (the average farm size and the extent of collectivization) which will bring about various effects of policies in the heterogeneous regions. The analysis further shows that the regions that are least affected are at the same time more environmental sensitive and are mostly situated in the mountainous or sub-mountainous parts of the country or more urban areas than the average. Hence the effect of the modulation, from a purely environmental perspective, may not contradict the objectives of other environmental policies. That is to say the regions that need support the most will be reduced the least. However, the picture is less obvious in the regional economies where more rural regions (potentially more vulnerable with socio-economic problems) tend to be more affected.
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Prado, Daniel Santos. "A Exoneração Tributária e o Direito de Crédito nos Impostos Sobre Consumo." Revista de Direito Brasileira 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 229–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/rdb.v1i1.59.

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Ma, Degong, Chun Lei, Farid Ullah, Raza Ullah, and Qadar Bakhsh Baloch. "China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative and Outward Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Europe." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 7055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247055.

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For the last few years, the execution of the Belt and Road Initiative (hereinafter referred to as the BRI) and China’s outward foreign direct investment (hereinafter referred to as OFDI) in Europe have seen a significant upward trend. For our current paper, we collected empirical data pertaining to China’s OFDI and foreign trade (gathered from 21 European countries in the trade gravity market for the period 2003 to 2016) that yielded the following results: (a) China’s OFDI to Europe has significantly promoted international trade between China and European countries. On the other hand, OFDI has equally promoted China’s exports to European counties, while it has not encouraged China’s imports from European counties. (b) The Belt and Road Initiative has had a positive impact on China’s exports to European counties and has had a negative impact on China’s imports from European counties. (c) There have been both complementary trade impacts and substitution trade impacts when China has directly invested in European countries, but the complementary impact was much stronger than its substitution impact in the chosen sample period.
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Kalkstein, L. S. "Direct impacts in cities." Lancet 342, no. 8884 (December 1993): 1397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92757-k.

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Sajid, Muhammad Jawad, and Muhammad Habib ur Rahman. "The Nexus between Environmental Impact and Agricultural Sector Linkages: A Case Study of Pakistan." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091200.

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Agriculture has a substantial environmental impact. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between agriculture’s environmental impacts and linkages, particularly for the key agriculture-based Pakistani economy. Additionally, the literature on environmental linkages rarely estimates multiple types of linkages in a single study. This study fills these critical research gaps. The study estimates the land, water, nitrogen, and CO2 impacts and linkages of Pakistan’s agriculture sector using an input–output model and the hypothetical extraction method. The results indicated that agriculture directly accounted for approximately 27%, 93%, 92%, and 1% of Pakistan’s total sectoral land, water, nitrogen, and CO2 impacts (LWNC), respectively. While the sector indirectly contributed almost 2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.4% of Pakistan’s total LWNC. The bulk of direct LWNC impacts were caused by agricultural purchases from downstream sectoral importers. The majority of the indirect LWNC impacts were induced by agriculture’s re-imports. The agricultural purchases from the downstream sector of “Food and Beverages” induced the greatest environmental impact. To ensure sustainable agriculture, particularly in Pakistan, the agriculture sector’s direct and indirect environmental impacts should be reduced not only through better management practices and technology, but also by focusing on intermediate sectoral sources of direct and indirect environmental impacts.
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Raju, Guntur Anjana. "Impact of Export, Import, and GDP on Foreign Direct Investment of BRICS Countries - A Two Decade Tale." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP4 (March 31, 2020): 1746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201657.

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Muhammad, Andrew, Keithly G. Jones, and William F. Hahn. "The Impact of Domestic and Import Prices on U.S. Lamb Imports: A Production System Approach." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36, no. 2 (October 2007): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007103.

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As U.S. lamb imports increased relative to domestic production, and the relative share of chilled to frozen lamb imports increased, importers of chilled lamb have become less responsive to domestic and import prices, while the direct opposite is the case for frozen lamb imports. From 1990 to 2003, chilled lamb imports from Australia and New Zealand became less and less responsive to U.S. prices, and frozen imports became more responsive. Unconditional own-price elasticities also show that, over time, imports of chilled lamb became less responsive to import prices while frozen imports became more responsive to import prices.
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Czeko, Elmar, Martin Seizl, Christian Augsberger, Thorsten Mielke, and Patrick Cramer. "Iwr1 Directs RNA Polymerase II Nuclear Import." Molecular Cell 42, no. 2 (April 2011): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.02.033.

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Hwang, H. W., E. A. Wentzel, and J. T. Mendell. "A Hexanucleotide Element Directs MicroRNA Nuclear Import." Science 315, no. 5808 (January 5, 2007): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1136235.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impots directs"

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Fournier, Alice. "L'harmonisation européenne des impôts directs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0285.

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Alors que les impôts directs ne relèvent pas expressément des compétences de l’Union européenne, l’article 115 du Traité sur le Fonctionnement de l’Union Européenne prévoit le rapprochement – ou l’harmonisation, car ces deux termes sont synonymes – des législations qui ont une incidence directe sur l’établissement ou le fonctionnement du marché intérieur. Dès les années 1960, d’ambitieuses initiatives ont été proposées en matière d’impôts directs mais seules quelques directives, présentées comme participant de l’harmonisation des impôts directs, ont finalement été adoptées. Faute pour les Etats membres de s’entendre pour réaliser une véritable harmonisation de leurs législations fiscales, la doctrine soutient que c’est la jurisprudence qui s’est livrée à une harmonisation des législations nationales, tant sur le fondement du droit des libertés de circulation que sur celui du droit des aides d’Etat.Afin de mesurer la portée exacte de l’harmonisation en matière de fiscalité directe, il s’est agi de définir la notion d’harmonisation, en la distinguant de la méthode de l’uniformisation et de celle de la coordination, pour vérifier si ces différentes initiatives ont conduit à une harmonisation des législations nationales relatives aux impôts directs. L’analyse des différentes directives adoptées en matière d’impôts directs, qu’il s’agisse de directives visant à stimuler le marché intérieur, à l’instar de la directive « mère-filiales », ou à le protéger, comme la directive « ATAD », laisse apparaitre qu’elles ne relèvent pas en réalité de la méthode de l’harmonisation mais principalement de la méthode de la coordination et accessoirement de celle de l’uniformisation. De la même façon, il ressort de l’analyse de la jurisprudence relative aux libertés de circulation et aux aides d’Etat que celle-ci, tant par son objet que par les effets qu’elle produit sur les législations nationales, ne contribue pas à leur harmonisation, laquelle ne peut ainsi pas être réalisée par la voie de la jurisprudence.Dès lors, inadapté à la matière des impôts directs, le recours à la méthode de l’harmonisation doit être abandonné au profit des méthodes d’uniformisation et de coordination
Whilst direct taxes do not expressly fall within the competence of the European Union, article 115 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provides for the approximation – or harmonization, these two terms being synonymous – of the laws that directly affect the establishment or functioning of the internal market. As early as the 1960s, ambitious direct tax initiatives were proposed but only a few directives, commonly referred to as harmonizing direct tax laws, were eventually adopted. As the Member States failed to agree on proper harmonization of their tax laws, legal literature asserts that case law has actually harmonized the national laws of the Member States, on the basis of freedoms of movement and State aid law.In order to measure the exact scope of harmonization in the field of direct taxation, the notion of harmonization was defined, and distinguished from standardization and coordination, in order to verify whether these different initiatives ever led to any form of harmonization of national laws on direct taxation. The analysis of the different directives adopted in the field of direct taxes, be it initiatives to stimulate the internal market, such as the “Parent-Subsidiary” directive, or to protect it, such as the “ATAD” directive, revealed that they do not implement the method of harmonization, but rather mostly the method of coordination, and secondarily that of standardization. Similarly, it appears from the analysis of the case law on freedoms of movement and State aid that both its purpose and its effects on national laws do not contribute to their harmonization, as harmonization cannot be achieved through case law.Therefore, as the method of harmonization is unsuited to the field of direct taxes, its implementation must be abandoned in favour of that of standardization and coordination
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Czeko, Elmar. "Iwr1 directs RNA polymerase II nuclear import." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-127698.

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Maitrot, de la Motte Alexandre. "Souveraineté fiscale et construction communautaire : recherche sur les impôts directs /." Paris : LGDJ, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/49970794X.pdf.

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Maitrot, de La Motte Alexandre. "Souveraineté fiscale et construction communautaire : recherche sur les impôts directs /." Paris : LGDJ, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40010782s.

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Tubawidi, Bambi. "Le recouvrement des impôts directs en République démocratique du Congo." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUED005.

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Maitrot, de La Motte Alexandre. "Souveraineté fiscale et construction communautaire : recherche sur les impôts directs." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05D002.

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Ortigara, Eduardo Marozo. "Reflexões sobre o ICMS e sua repercussão nas empresas." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79256.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito
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O trabalho discute fundamentalmente a relação jurídico-funcional das empresas frente ao ICMS que, por sua natureza, é um dos impostos que exerce maior influência na atividade empresarial. O tema é analisado sob o ponto de vista do Direito Positivo com as diversas interpretações suscitadas pelos doutrinadores sobre a matéria discutida. O texto analisa os fundamentos conceituais e principiológicos do ICMS, tanto na incidência dessas matrizes na formação do imposto, quanto na dificuldade que apresentam aos operadores que com o imposto lidam, especialmente, em se tratando dos empresários. Esta dissertação, pois, pretende demonstrar a influência que as matrizes fundamentais do imposto exercem na sua formação e na direta relação das empresas frente ao tributo - que é, ao final, o objetivo do texto.
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Cardoso, Frederico Padre. "Dupla tributação internacional sobre a renda das pessoas jurídicas." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/83298.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito.
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O Direito Tributário Internacional é ramo do direito que tem como objeto de estudo as situações em que o fato tributário tem desdobramento em mais de um ordenamento jurídico soberano. Assim, as regras de Direito Tributário Internacional podem ser divididas em dois grandes grupos: normas de conflitos e normas materiais; as primeiras têm por objetivo determinar quais as regras que devem incidir sobre um fato concreto, já as segundas ocupam-se em resolver a situação propriamente dita, ditando a solução cabível. No âmbito deste estudo, os tratados internacionais ocupam papel relevante, na medida que é por sua celebração que os Estados soberanos irão definir a aplicação conjunta de um mesmo elemento de conexão que servirá como critério para se determinar qual o país detentor do poder de tributar, a fim de se evitar a dupla tributação internacional. Os principais elementos de conexão na tributação internacional sobre os rendimentos são: (a) a nacionalidade; (b) a residência e o domicílio; (c) a fonte dos rendimentos; e (d) a existência, ou não, de um estabelecimento permanente num país. Estes critérios - ou elementos de conexão - são tratados de forma bastante peculiar pela Convenção Modelo proposta pela Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, de modo que a opção pelo critério da tributação de acordo com o país da residência denota uma notória tentativa de favorecimento dos países economicamente mais desenvolvidos em detrimento daqueles países importadores de capital: como a maioria das grandes empresas internacionais tem a sua sede nos países desenvolvidos, a atribuição da competência exclusiva ao país de residência para tributar os rendimentos de suas empresas exclui a pretensão tributária dos países da fonte, isto é, do local onde as riquezas são efetivamente produzidas. A generalidade dos tratados internacionais bilaterais celebrados pelo Brasil para evitar a dupla tributação internacional sobre a renda segue o modelo proposto pela OCDE. Esta última constatação justifica, por si só, a opção feita em se analisar o modelo proposto pela OCDE e não determinado tratado especificamente. É evidente que existem pequenas modificações introduzidas em alguns desses tratados celebrados pelo Brasil. No entanto, a sua grande maioria segue literalmente o modelo proposto pela OCDE.
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Paredes, Pablo. "Taxation directe ou indirecte : modèle d'équilibre général dynamique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985IEPP0006.

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Amaral, Adalberto Massy Tchivinda do. "O sistema fiscal angolano na perspectiva de um investimento português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8901.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
A presente investigação visa analisar o sistema fiscal angolano. No entanto, a perspectiva escolhida tem por base o investimento português realizado no território angolano, bem como as possibilidades de fomentar o mesmo nos próximos anos. Após um longo periodo de guerra civil, várias reformas administrativas têm sido adotadas em Angola, sendo necessário analisar o impacto do investimento direto estrangeiro (IDE) no território. De facto, o IDE é um dos motores de crescimento econômico nos países em desenvolvimento, sendo importante analisar o impacto do mesmo no crescimento e na política de repatriamento de lucros das empresas com sede ou direção em Angola.
This research aims to analyze the Angolan tax system. However, the perspective chosen is based on the Portuguese investment in Angola, as well all the possibilities to foster this growth in the coming years. After a long period of civil war, several administrative reforms have been adopted in Angola, being necessary to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the territory. In fact , FDI is one of the engines of economics growth in developing countries and it is important to analyze the impact of that growth and profit repatriation policies of companies with headquarters or direction in Angola.
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Books on the topic "Impots directs"

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Conseil, économique social et culturel de Polynésie française. Avis sur le projet de deliberation portant modification des dispositions du code des impots directs "impot cedulaire sur les traitements, salaires, pensions, rentes viageres et indemnites diverses". [Papeete]: Conseil Economique Social et Culturel de Polynesie Francaise, 1994.

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Polynesia, French. Code des impôts directs. [Papeete]: Territoire de la Polynésie française, Ministère des finances et des reformes administratives, Service des contributions directes, 1996.

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Bartlett, Dick. The direct option. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1994.

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Brian, Thomas. Direct marketing in practice. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.

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Villain, Jean. Le recouvrement des impôts directs sous l'ancien régime. Genève: Slatkine Reprints, 1992.

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Alexandre Maitrot de la Motte. Souveraineté fiscale et construction communautaire: Recherche sur les impôts directs. Paris: L.G.D.J., 2005.

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Bly, Robert W. Business to business direct marketing: Proven direct response methods to generate more leads and sales. 2nd ed. Lincolnwood, Ill: NTC Business Books, 1998.

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Bly, Robert W. Business-to-business direct marketing: Proven direct response methods to generate more leads and sales. Lincolnwood, Ill: NTC Business Books, 1993.

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Jones, Susan K. Creative strategy in direct marketing. Lincolnwood, Ill., USA: NTC Business Books, 1991.

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Jones, Susan K. Creative strategy in direct marketing. 2nd ed. Lincolnwood, Ill: NTC Business Books, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Impots directs"

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Greeley, Martin. "Direct material impacts." In Money with a Mission (Volume 1), 46–65. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440866.003.

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Rose, Adam, Fynnwin Prager, Zhenhua Chen, Samrat Chatterjee, Dan Wei, Nathaniel Heatwole, and Eric Warren. "Threat Scenarios and Direct Impacts." In Integrated Disaster Risk Management, 19–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2567-9_3.

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Bogumil, Jörg. "Direkte Demokratie als verhandlungsdemokratischer Impuls — Wirkungen kommunaler Referenden in NRW." In Direkte Demokratie, 194–206. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80430-3_11.

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Gomperts, Brigitte N., and Robert M. Strieter. "Chemokine-Directed Metastasis." In Infection and Inflammation: Impacts on Oncogenesis, 170–90. Basel: KARGER, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000092972.

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Graf, William L. "Direct Human Impacts on Dryland Rivers." In Springer Series in Physical Environment, 259–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83048-8_7.

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Berlage, Lodewijk, and Sophie Vandermeulen. "Have Imports Constrained Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa?" In International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and the Economic Environment, 11–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14030-5_2.

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Nickus, Ulrike, Kevin Bishop, Martin Erlandsson, Chris D. Evans, Martin Forsius, Hjalmar Laudon, David M. Livingstone, Don Monteith, and Hansjörg Thies. "Direct Impacts of Climate Change on Freshwater Ecosystems." In Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems, 38–64. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444327397.ch3.

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Marinova, Svetla, John Child, and Marin Marinov. "The Role of Home Governments in Outward Foreign Direct Investment." In Institutional Impacts on Firm Internationalization, 173–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137446350_8.

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Kabeer, Naila. "Direct social impacts for the Millennium Development Goals." In Money with a Mission (Volume 1), 66–93. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440866.004.

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Laine, Jukka, Kari Minkkinen, and Carl Trettin. "Direct Human Impacts on the Peatland Carbon Sink." In Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands, 71–78. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gm000808.

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Conference papers on the topic "Impots directs"

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Ganiev, Junus. "The Effect of Foreign Trade and Remittances to Gross Domestic Product of Kyrgyzstan: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01365.

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The foreign trade deficit of Kyrgyzstan is increasing year by year and the import is exceeding export about twice. A significant portion of the foreign trade deficit is covered by remittances. Furthermore, the ratio of remittance to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is reached almost 30%. In this context, it is important to examine the effects of import, export and remittances to GDP. Empirical analysis using quarterly data covering the period 2000-2014 with ARDL Bounds Testing Approach showed that exports and imports effect GDP positively, while transfers from abroad effect negatively. So Kyrgyz Republic can further develop foreign trade in integration process with Eurasian Economic Union, but it has to involve foreign direct investments to decrease negative effects of emigration.
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Geuens, Christophe, and Tom Verstraete. "Adjoint-Based Inverse Design of Axial Compressor Airfoils." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58605.

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Abstract Design methodologies for axial compressor airfoils have undergone significant changes over the past decades. While inverse design methods have played a significant historical role, today they are mostly replaced by direct methods. Inverse methods do impose either the desired pressure or velocity distribution and search for the corresponding blade profile, in contrast to direct methods which modify directly the blade shape to reduce losses. Inverse methods therefore require the designer to know pressure or velocity profiles which provide low losses, and are as such mostly effective only in the hands of an experienced designer. Inverse methods, however, pose some advantages: through setting velocity profiles which feature good off-design performance, the computational cost for the design of profiles can be significantly reduced compared to direct methods, which require to simulate multiple operating points. Additionally, inverse methods offer a way to adapt blades for experimental testing if the wind tunnel imposes restrictions on e.g. Mach number, allowing for similar boundary layer conditions. Finally, inverse methods can be used to deduce the blade geometry from measured or published velocity distributions. Within this article, we aim to verify the use of inverse methods by applying more recent optimisation techniques to the inverse problem. Specifically, we test the performance of an inverse method that uses a gradient based technique to solve the inverse problem. The merits of the inverse method are investigated for different use cases. It is found that conventional, direct design methods are preferred for design improvement, although more expensive. The inverse method is, however, well-suited for adapting existing profiles to altered operating conditions, and for reproducing the blade shape based on published data.
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Sun, Chuanbowen, Honglin Ji, Tonghui Ji, Zhaopeng Xu, and William Shieh. "Impacts of IQ Imbalance on Carrier Assisted Direct Detection." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2020.c4f_6.

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Heidari, Hassan, and Narmin Davoudi. "Exports, Imports and Economic Growth in Iran: An Application of Bounds Test Approach to Cointegration." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00172.

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This paper examines the long-run relationship between exports, imports and economic growth in Iranian economy using annual data over the period of 1960-2007. As Iran is an oil-exporting country, and oil-export boom has a direct impact on the import demand function, and it leads to higher levels of consumption that impact on growth, we emphasize the role of the imports variable in this investigation. Moreover, following recent studies about importance of human capital in endogenous growth models, we extend Feder's model (1982) by entering a proxy for human capital. As Iranian economy has been subject to numerous shocks and regime shifts, we apply Bai and Perron (2003) test to detect any possible endogenous structural breaks. Hence, investigating data properties by concerning structural breaks shows that our variables are not in the same order of integration. This property convince us to use Bounds Test approach to cointegration developed by pesaran et, al. (2001) where it can be applied irrespective of order of integration of the variables. Finally, being sure about existence a long-run relationship between variables, ARDL approach and ECM employed to argue about short-run and long-run coefficient. The results reveal that while there is significant positive relationship between exports and economic growth, the effect of imports is insignificant and also human capital has a negative effect on growth both in short and long run.
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Pezzini, Paolo, Sue Celestin, and David Tucker. "Control Impacts of Cold-Air Bypass on Pressurized Fuel Cell Turbine Hybrids." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6523.

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A pressure drop analysis for a direct-fired fuel cell turbine hybrid power system was evaluated using a hardware-based simulation of an integrated gasifier/fuel cell/turbine hybrid cycle (IGFC), implemented through the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (NETL). The Hyper facility is designed to explore dynamic operation of hybrid systems and quantitatively characterize such transient behavior. It is possible to model, test and evaluate the effects of different parameters on the design and operation of a gasifier/fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system and provide means of evaluating risk mitigation strategies. The cold air bypass in the Hyper facility directs compressor discharge flow to the turbine inlet duct, bypassing the fuel cell and exhaust gas recuperators in the system. This valve reduces turbine inlet temperature while reducing cathode airflow, but significantly improves compressor surge margin. Regardless of the reduced turbine inlet temperature as the valve opens, a peak in turbine efficiency is observed during characterization of the valve at the middle of the operating range. A detailed experimental analysis shows the unusual behavior during steady state and transient operation, which is considered a key point for future control strategies in terms of turbine efficiency optimization and cathode airflow control.
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Seelam, Jaya Kumar, and Tom E. Baldock. "49. DIRECT BED STRESS MEASUREMENTS UNDER SOLITARY TSUNAMI-TYPE WAVES AND BREAKING TSUNAMI WAVE FRONTS." In Coastal Dynamics 2009 - Impacts of Human Activities on Dynamic Coastal Processes. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814282475_0051.

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Koşan, Naime İrem, Sudi Apak, and Selahattin Sarı. "International Trade and Macro-Economic Policy in Eurasian Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01494.

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International trade is defined the exchange of goods, services, and capital among various countries and regions. Also the potential of imports and exports account for an important part of growth. On the other hand, total value of international trade in goods and services shows the countries’ integration into the world economy. In this paper we focused on to analyze the effects on imports and make inferences for Eurasian Countries. In this paper we aim to examine the relationship between imports and macro-economic indicators in 6 Eurasian economies. To analyze the relationship, we used panel data regression analysis. Data obtained from World Bank. The panel data covers 1996-2012 periods and 6 countries which named Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. We predicted pooled, fixed effects and random effects panel data models using the Stata and analyzed them. The dependent variable is defined the imports in our model. It has been found that gross domestic savings, foreign direct investments and, and exports are statistically significant for this countries. The results found in this paper show that gross domestic savings has negative effects on imports. On the other hand, for this 6 countries foreign direct investments (inflow) and exports have positive effects on imports as we expected. It shows us the economic positions of Eurasian countries still depend on Russian Federation. Also, these findings have important policy implications for Eurasian Countries. Our interpretation of these findings is that, integration to world economy has generally positive effects on foreign direct investments for this countries.
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Değer, Mustafa Kemal, and Muharrem Akın Doğanay. "Relations between Foreign Direct Investments and Intermediate and Capital Goods: Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analyses on Turkish Economy (2005 M1-2016 M12." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01916.

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The aim of this study is to empirically test the relations between the FDI in Turkey's manufacturing industry and the imports of intermediate and capital goods. Monthly data for the period 2005-2016 belonging to the variables used in the study were obtained from the "Electronic Data Distribution System" of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. In the determination of the period of the study, the presence of monthly data and the increase trend of the FDI coming to Turkey after 2005 have been influential. Relations between variables in the study were tried to be determined by Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis. According to the empirical findings obtained in the study, one-way and statistically significant causal relations from FDI made in manufacturing industry to both capital goods imports and intermediate imports have been determined. However, from these relations, towards to intermediate imports is much more robust in terms of statistics. Therefore, these findings obtained from the study shows that FDI on Turkey's manufacturing industry are an important determinant of capital goods, and especially intermediate goods imports.
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Chen, Jie, and Henry Y. K. Lau. "Learning adaptive reaching skills with nonlinear dynamical systems directly from human demonstrations." In 2016 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso.2016.7736287.

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Goe, Michele, and Gabrielle Gaustad. "Estimating direct human health impacts of end-of-life solar recovery." In 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2017.8366858.

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Reports on the topic "Impots directs"

1

Ichimura, Hidehiko, and Christopher Taber. Direct Estimation of Policy Impacts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/t0254.

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Heal, Geoffrey, and Jisung Park. Goldilocks Economies? Temperature Stress and the Direct Impacts of Climate Change. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21119.

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Ortblad, Katrina, Daniel Kibuuka Musoke, Thomson Ngabirano, Catherine Oldenburg, and Till Bärnighausen. Direct provision versus facility collection of HIV tests: impacts of self-testing among female sex workers in Uganda. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/tw2ie84.

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Lefevre, Randy J., Frank H. Ruggiero, and Kevin P. Roe. Impacts of Numerical Weather Prediction Spatial Resolution on an Atmospheric Decision Aid for Directed Energy Weapon Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423573.

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Thanda Kyaw, Ai. Socio-Economic Impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease Among Cattle Farmers in Sagaing and Mandalay Areas, Myanmar. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2784.

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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia (OIE SRR-SEA) implemented the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ) Programme funded by AusAID to strengthen the veterinary services and effectively manage the control and eradication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar. The purpose of the study is to understand how FMD outbreaks impact smallholder farmers, both men and women, at the household and village level and how control and eradication of FMD would benefit them. Specific aims are to estimate the direct and indirect socio-economic costs associated with the outbreaks of FMD as well as of the measures taken by farmers to deal with such outbreaks and to identify issues that contributed to the socio-economic impacts of FMD outbreaks and opportunities to reduce them.
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Banerjee, Onil, Juan M. Murguia, Martin Cicowiez, and Adela Moreda. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform Approach to Tourism Investment Analysis: An Application to Costa Rica. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002288.

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Public investment in different types of tourism, from business to leisure tourism, has differentiated impacts on local economies, environment, people and government revenues. A fully integrated analytical approach such as the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform is required to capture these multi-dimensional impacts. Applying IEEM to public investment in tourism in Costa Rica we find: investing in a higher skilled labor force particularly in traditional tourism-related activities will improve household welfare; similar increases in demand across all types of tourism show that Health tourism generates the greatest impact on household welfare, while Business tourism has the best prospects for reducing unemployment; Business tourism generates the largest increase in government revenues, but also has the largest greenhouse gas emission footprint, and; the whole of economy perspective of IEEM that captures direct, indirect and induced impacts results in a higher Net Present Value estimation of the investment.
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Lichand, Guilherme, Carlos Alberto Dória, Onicio Leal Neto, and João Cossi. The Impacts of Remote Learning in Secondary Education: Evidence from Brazil during the Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003344.

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The goal of this paper is to document the pedagogic impacts of the remote learning strategy used by an state department of education in Brazil during the pandemic. We found that dropout risk increased by 365% under remote learning. While risk increased with local disease activity, most of it can be attributed directly to the absence of in-person classes: we estimate that dropout risk increased by no less than 247% across the State, even at the low end of the distribution of per capita Covid-19 cases. Average standardized test scores decreased by 0.32 standard deviation, as if students had only learned 27.5% of the in-person equivalent under remote learning. Learning losses did not systematically increase with local disease activity, attesting that they are in fact the outcome of remote learning, rather than a consequence of other health or economic impacts of Covid-19. Authorizing schools to partially reopen for in-person classes increased high-school students test scores by 20% relative to the control group.
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Adelaja, Adesoji, Justin George, Thomas Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Titus Awokuse, Adebayo Aromolaran, and Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie. How Conflicts Affect Land Expansion by Smallholder Farmers: Evidence from Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.015.

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The expansion of smallholder farms into larger farm sizes is a key strategy for growing agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. This strategy could simultaneously expand farm incomes while addressing poverty since the majority of farms in sub-Saharan Africa are smallholder farms. There is limited existing research on the possible role of conflicts in stymying the ability of smallholder farmers to transition into larger-scale farming and on the impacts of conflicts in areas that are not directly within active conflict zones. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of conflict on the ability of smallholder farmers to transition to larger scales in two regions that are not in a traditional conflict zone, by developing a household utility maximisation model to explain choices made by farm households in response to conflict.
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Sembler, Jose Ignacio, Ana María Linares, Clara Schettino, Nathaniel Russell, Stephany Maqueda, Lina Pedraza, Melanie Putic, Thaís Soares Oliveira, and Alejandro Ahumada. Evaluation of the Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (MICI) 2021. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003215.

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This evaluation is in response to a request from the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest for OVE to independently examine the MICI policy and its implementation pursuant to the requirement established in the respective policies of each institution. The aim of this evaluation is to inform the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest on the extent to which, under its current policy framework, the MICI has been effective and efficient in (i) resolving the complaints it receives concerning environmental and social impacts of projects due to alleged noncompliance with the IDB Group's environmental and social safeguards policies and standards; and (ii) promoting institutional learning with regard to environmental and social safeguards and standards and their implementation in IDB Group projects. In addition, the evaluation is aimed at reporting on the mechanism's accessibility to requesters and the extent to which the MICI has performed its duties independently, objectively, impartially, and transparently.
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Dorr, Brian S., Kristi L. Sullivan, Paul D. Curtis, Richard B. Chipman, and Russell D. McCullough. Double-crested Cormorants. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207735.ws.

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The history of conflict between double-crested cormorants and human interest in fisheries is long and convoluted. Overall, double-crested cormorants are not major consumers of commercial and sportfish species. However, exceptions have been recorded at specific sites with documented impacts on local fisheries. Double-crested cormorants can have a significant impact on vegetation at breeding sites through normal nesting activities. Their guano is acidic and can change soil chemistry, killing ground vegetation and irreversibly damaging nest trees. Humans should avoid direct contact with excrement from wildlife, including droppings from cormorants. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has the primary responsibility and authority for managing migratory bird populations in the U.S. This publication will focus on the double-crested cormorant, which is the most numerous and widely dispersed of the species.
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