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Journal articles on the topic 'Impots directs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Keho, Yaya. "Foreign Direct Investment and Import Demand in Cote d’Ivoire." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.2.661.

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2

Medonos, T., L. Jelínek, and J. Humpál. "The national and regional impacts of direct payments modulation in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 4 (May 5, 2009): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/22/2009-agricecon.

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This paper addresses <i>(ex ante)</i> the issue of the potential impact of the modulation of direct payments on a sector and regional scale in the Czech Republic. The ultimate version of the compulsory modulation measure adopted under the Health Check of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) assumes the reduction of direct payments if the total individual claim exceeds 5 thousand € or 300 thousand € level. The Czech agricultural sector will be impacted by this measure substantially, given the large scale farming enterprises. In 2013, the total farmers’ direct payments will be cut by more than 10% (€ 91 million). Moreover, there are regional differences in farm structures (the average farm size and the extent of collectivization) which will bring about various effects of policies in the heterogeneous regions. The analysis further shows that the regions that are least affected are at the same time more environmental sensitive and are mostly situated in the mountainous or sub-mountainous parts of the country or more urban areas than the average. Hence the effect of the modulation, from a purely environmental perspective, may not contradict the objectives of other environmental policies. That is to say the regions that need support the most will be reduced the least. However, the picture is less obvious in the regional economies where more rural regions (potentially more vulnerable with socio-economic problems) tend to be more affected.

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3

Prado, Daniel Santos. "A Exoneração Tributária e o Direito de Crédito nos Impostos Sobre Consumo." Revista de Direito Brasileira 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 229–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/rdb.v1i1.59.

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4

Ma, Degong, Chun Lei, Farid Ullah, Raza Ullah, and Qadar Bakhsh Baloch. "China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative and Outward Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Europe." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 7055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247055.

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For the last few years, the execution of the Belt and Road Initiative (hereinafter referred to as the BRI) and China’s outward foreign direct investment (hereinafter referred to as OFDI) in Europe have seen a significant upward trend. For our current paper, we collected empirical data pertaining to China’s OFDI and foreign trade (gathered from 21 European countries in the trade gravity market for the period 2003 to 2016) that yielded the following results: (a) China’s OFDI to Europe has significantly promoted international trade between China and European countries. On the other hand, OFDI has equally promoted China’s exports to European counties, while it has not encouraged China’s imports from European counties. (b) The Belt and Road Initiative has had a positive impact on China’s exports to European counties and has had a negative impact on China’s imports from European counties. (c) There have been both complementary trade impacts and substitution trade impacts when China has directly invested in European countries, but the complementary impact was much stronger than its substitution impact in the chosen sample period.

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5

Kalkstein, L. S. "Direct impacts in cities." Lancet 342, no. 8884 (December 1993): 1397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92757-k.

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6

Sajid, Muhammad Jawad, and Muhammad Habib ur Rahman. "The Nexus between Environmental Impact and Agricultural Sector Linkages: A Case Study of Pakistan." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091200.

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Agriculture has a substantial environmental impact. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between agriculture’s environmental impacts and linkages, particularly for the key agriculture-based Pakistani economy. Additionally, the literature on environmental linkages rarely estimates multiple types of linkages in a single study. This study fills these critical research gaps. The study estimates the land, water, nitrogen, and CO2 impacts and linkages of Pakistan’s agriculture sector using an input–output model and the hypothetical extraction method. The results indicated that agriculture directly accounted for approximately 27%, 93%, 92%, and 1% of Pakistan’s total sectoral land, water, nitrogen, and CO2 impacts (LWNC), respectively. While the sector indirectly contributed almost 2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.4% of Pakistan’s total LWNC. The bulk of direct LWNC impacts were caused by agricultural purchases from downstream sectoral importers. The majority of the indirect LWNC impacts were induced by agriculture’s re-imports. The agricultural purchases from the downstream sector of “Food and Beverages” induced the greatest environmental impact. To ensure sustainable agriculture, particularly in Pakistan, the agriculture sector’s direct and indirect environmental impacts should be reduced not only through better management practices and technology, but also by focusing on intermediate sectoral sources of direct and indirect environmental impacts.

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7

Raju, Guntur Anjana. "Impact of Export, Import, and GDP on Foreign Direct Investment of BRICS Countries - A Two Decade Tale." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP4 (March 31, 2020): 1746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201657.

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8

Muhammad, Andrew, Keithly G. Jones, and William F. Hahn. "The Impact of Domestic and Import Prices on U.S. Lamb Imports: A Production System Approach." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36, no. 2 (October 2007): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007103.

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As U.S. lamb imports increased relative to domestic production, and the relative share of chilled to frozen lamb imports increased, importers of chilled lamb have become less responsive to domestic and import prices, while the direct opposite is the case for frozen lamb imports. From 1990 to 2003, chilled lamb imports from Australia and New Zealand became less and less responsive to U.S. prices, and frozen imports became more responsive. Unconditional own-price elasticities also show that, over time, imports of chilled lamb became less responsive to import prices while frozen imports became more responsive to import prices.

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9

Czeko, Elmar, Martin Seizl, Christian Augsberger, Thorsten Mielke, and Patrick Cramer. "Iwr1 Directs RNA Polymerase II Nuclear Import." Molecular Cell 42, no. 2 (April 2011): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.02.033.

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10

Hwang, H. W., E. A. Wentzel, and J. T. Mendell. "A Hexanucleotide Element Directs MicroRNA Nuclear Import." Science 315, no. 5808 (January 5, 2007): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1136235.

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11

Xing, Yuqing, and Laixun Zhao. "Reverse Imports, Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange Rates." International Economy 2004, no. 55 (2004): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5652/kokusaikeizai.2004.207.

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12

Pacheco-Lopez, Penelope. "Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Imports in Mexico." World Economy 28, no. 8 (August 2005): 1157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00724.x.

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13

ALGUACIL, M. T., and V. ORTS. "INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND IMPORTS IN SPAIN." International Economic Journal 17, no. 3 (October 1, 2003): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168730300080017.

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14

Xing, Yuqing, and Laixun Zhao. "Reverse imports, foreign direct investment and exchange rates." Japan and the World Economy 20, no. 2 (March 2008): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2006.11.004.

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15

Kožar, M., M. Kempen, W. Britz, and E. Erjavec. "Flattening and redistribution of the CAP direct payments for the EU27 regions." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 10 (October 23, 2012): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/144/2011-agricecon.

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 The paper presents key results regarding a possible reform of the Common Agricultural Policy direct payments, based on a scenario analysis by the CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact) modelling system. Combining aggregate programming models at the NUTS 2 level with a global spatial multi-commodity model, it enables depicting the impacts of different policy and economic scenarios from regional to the global scale. The paper discusses simulated impacts on farm income and agricultural markets from implementing the European flat rate hectare payment corrected for the purchasing power disparities across the Member States while reducing the overall budget outlays for direct payments by 50% and dismantling the remaining coupled support to ruminants. The results are an outcome of a comparative static analysis against a reference scenario which assumes the Health Check policy in 2020. The model results suggest a drop of the agricultural gross value added by 9% at the aggregate EU27 level compared to the reference scenario. Impacts differ between the Member States groups, Member States and regions, depending on the share of premiums in the income from agriculture, specialization and competitiveness of production. The largest reduction is projected for the suckler cow herd, dropping by 6% compared to the reference scenario. The drop is caused by removing the coupled support and affecting mostly the herds in Spain and France.    

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16

Deubel, V., and F. Rodhain. "Variations climatiques et dengue: impacts directs et indirects." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 29, no. 5 (May 1999): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(99)80059-6.

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17

ODA, MASAO, and ROBERT STAPP. "VOLUNTARY IMPORT EXPANSION AND DIRECT INVESTMENT." Japanese Economic Review 58, no. 1 (March 2007): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5876.2007.00333.x.

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18

Bedwell, D. M., D. J. Klionsky, and S. D. Emr. "The yeast F1-ATPase beta subunit precursor contains functionally redundant mitochondrial protein import information." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 11 (November 1987): 4038–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.11.4038.

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The NH2 terminus of the yeast F1-ATPase beta subunit precursor directs the import of this protein into mitochondria. To define the functionally important components of this import signal, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce a series of deletion and missense mutations into the gene encoding the F1-beta subunit precursor. Among these mutations were three nonoverlapping deletions, two within the 19-amino-acid presequence (delta 5-12 and delta 16-19) and one within the mature protein (delta 28-34). Characterization of the mitochondrial import properties of various mutant F1-beta subunit proteins containing different combinations of these deletions showed that import was blocked only when all three deletions were combined. Mutant proteins containing all possible single and pairwise combinations of these deletions were found to retain the ability to direct mitochondrial import of the F1-beta subunit. These data suggest that the F1-beta subunit contains redundant import information at its NH2 terminus. In fact, we found that deletion of the entire F1-beta subunit presequence did not prevent import, indicating that a functional mitochondrial import signal is present near the NH2 terminus of the mature protein. Furthermore, by analyzing mitochondrial import of the various mutant proteins in [rho-] yeast, we obtained evidence that different segments of the F1-beta subunit import signal may act in an additive or cooperative manner to optimize the import properties of this protein.

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19

Bedwell, D. M., D. J. Klionsky, and S. D. Emr. "The yeast F1-ATPase beta subunit precursor contains functionally redundant mitochondrial protein import information." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 11 (November 1987): 4038–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.11.4038-4047.1987.

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The NH2 terminus of the yeast F1-ATPase beta subunit precursor directs the import of this protein into mitochondria. To define the functionally important components of this import signal, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce a series of deletion and missense mutations into the gene encoding the F1-beta subunit precursor. Among these mutations were three nonoverlapping deletions, two within the 19-amino-acid presequence (delta 5-12 and delta 16-19) and one within the mature protein (delta 28-34). Characterization of the mitochondrial import properties of various mutant F1-beta subunit proteins containing different combinations of these deletions showed that import was blocked only when all three deletions were combined. Mutant proteins containing all possible single and pairwise combinations of these deletions were found to retain the ability to direct mitochondrial import of the F1-beta subunit. These data suggest that the F1-beta subunit contains redundant import information at its NH2 terminus. In fact, we found that deletion of the entire F1-beta subunit presequence did not prevent import, indicating that a functional mitochondrial import signal is present near the NH2 terminus of the mature protein. Furthermore, by analyzing mitochondrial import of the various mutant proteins in [rho-] yeast, we obtained evidence that different segments of the F1-beta subunit import signal may act in an additive or cooperative manner to optimize the import properties of this protein.

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20

Kayalica, M. Ozgur, and Ensar Yilmaz. "Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Linkages: FDI versus Imports." econoquantum 1 (January 15, 2004): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18381/eq.v1i0.181.

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21

Ing, Lili Yan, and Yessi Vadila. "U.S.–China Trade Tensions on Indonesia's Trade and Investment." Asian Economic Papers 18, no. 3 (December 2019): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00726.

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Our paper describes how the U.S.–China trade tensions affect Indonesia's trade and investment. The direct impacts come through increasing uncertainties, lower world demand, and diverted East Asian regional production networks. The indirect impacts can be observed in trade and investment reallocations. Amidst the tension, in 2018, the Indonesian economy grew 5.17 percent with reserves of 6.7 months of imports. Its trade with the United States and China grew by 7.5 percent and 23.5 percent, respectively. Although creating opportunities for Indonesia in the short run, trade tensions will repress the world economy. Indonesia understands that trade openness will improve productivity and we believe it will continue its reforms to be more open and integrated into the world economy.

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22

Keorite, Mathavee, and Huang Pan. "The impacts of Chinese direct investment in Thailand on the Sino-Thai bilateral trade." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-07-2015-0018.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of Chinese direct investment in Thailand on the Sino-Thai bilateral trade. The economic relationship between Thailand and China has been strengthened through both trade and Chinese direct investment in Thailand for past decades. Design/methodology/approach – AR(p) model was used to examine the effects of Chinese direct investment on both Thailand exports and Thailand imports. Findings – This paper shows that Chinese direct investment in Thailand has contributed to the decrease of intermediate goods of Thailand exports to China. On the other hand, Chinese direct investment has contributed to the increase of finished products of Thailand exports to China. In addition, Chinese direct investment in Thailand has contributed to increase of Thailand imports from China. This suggests that strengthening cooperation for economic growth in either of the two countries can generate mutual benefits through trade. Research limitations/implications – The studies focus only on the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on trade, while the effects of trade on FDI are neglected. Practical implications – Policies should be devised to reduce reliance on exports of raw and semi-raw materials by turning on to final products with more value-added products and should improve the equality of infrastructure in the country to attract more FDI into the economy. Originality/value – This paper provides evidence that Chinese direct investment in Thailand is an important determinant factor of the rapid growth of the bilateral trade. It also shows that the appreciation of Thai Baht against Chinese RMB is associated with a decrease in Thailand trade surplus in the bilateral trade.

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23

Chee-Yie Wong, Hui-Shan Lee, and Shyue-Chuan Chong. "The Impacts of Bilateral Trade and Foreign Direct Investment on Malaysia’s Economic Growth: The Roles of Singapore." International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3261.2020.

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Open economy is essential for a country to achieve sustainable economic growth. There existsa bilateral tiebetween Malaysia and Singapore since 1965. Thisrelationship has made Singaporeachievedas a high-income nation that enjoys modern infrastructure and technology, skilled labour, and strong financial structure, but Malaysia is still trying to upgrade itself to become a high-income nation via open economy. Furthermore, Malaysia’s reliance on the external market has inevitablyleft the economy to be more exposed to external shock. This research analysesthe impacts of Malaysia’s bilateral trade and investment with Singapore on Malaysia’s economic growth from2008 to 2016. Vector error correction model (VECM) reveals that Malaysia’s exports to Singapore arepositive and significant on Malaysia’s economic growth and Malaysia’s OFDI in Singapore is significant but negative on Malaysia’s economic growth.However, Malaysia’s imports from Singapore and Malaysia’s inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) by Singapore have insignificant impacts on Malaysia’s economic growth. It concludes that only Malaysia’s exports to Singapore can help to increase Malaysia’s economic growth.Thus,Malaysia’sgovernment couldprovide incentives to encourage Malaysian local firms to boost the exportationsto Singapore.

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24

Lin, Pei-Chun, Szu-Yu Kuo, and Jui-Hung Chang. "The direct and spillover effects of liner shipping connectivity on merchandise trade." Maritime Business Review 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-12-2019-0055.

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Purpose This paper aims to address the following questions: is good liner shipping connectivity a requisite for merchandise imports plus exports? What is the average of merchandise imports plus exports of the countries neighboring China? Do the merchandise imports plus exports of these countries correspond to each country’s own merchandise imports plus exports or liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI)? Design/methodology/approach The authors spatially analyze liner shipping connectivity and merchandise imports plus exports using 2016 data and a common framework for linear regression to establish the relationship amongst a country’s LSCI and its merchandise imports plus exports and between its merchandise imports plus exports and those of its neighbors. Merchandise imports plus exports of countries are not necessarily independent of each other, and countries that are contiguous may produce similar observations. Findings North America and Western Europe comprised clusters of countries that participated more actively in the international trading system, while Africa’s countries had less international trade than average. The study identifies and quantifies the geographical ripple of transport infrastructure on merchandise trade from a national perspective. Notably, a spatially lagged term improved the model’s ability to account for variations in merchandise imports plus exports across countries. Originality/value The spatial lag of merchandise imports plus exports can contribute to specifying the spread of merchandise imports plus exports beyond what the authors would anticipate from a country’s network of liner shipping.

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25

Wang, Bijun, Rui Mao, and Qin Gou. "Overseas Impacts of China's Outward Direct Investment." Asian Economic Policy Review 9, no. 2 (July 2014): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12065.

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26

Bowd, Elle J., Sam C. Banks, Andrew Bissett, Tom W. May, and David B. Lindenmayer. "Direct and indirect disturbance impacts in forests." Ecology Letters 24, no. 6 (April 8, 2021): 1225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13741.

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27

MacFarlane, Derek D., and Pierre Zundel. "The short-term economic impacts of the Private Woodlot Silviculture Program in New Brunswick." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 3 (June 1, 1995): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71282-3.

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The economic impacts of the 1990–91 private woodlot silviculture program expenditures in New Brunswick were estimated. This program is part of a Federal-Provincial forestry agreement which provides woodlot owners with financial assistance to carry out a variety of stand improvement and reforestation activities. A survey was conducted in the spring of 1992 to gather information on financial, educational and social characteristics of program participants and employees. The economic impacts were quantified using an input/output simulation model. The impacts are modest due to the province's heavy reliance on imports of consumer goods. Multipliers (i.e. direct, indirect and induced impact) for wages and salaries, gross domestic product at factor cost and employment were 1.23, 1.36 and 1.41, respectively. Multipliers are also presented for the individual program participant groups surveyed. An in-depth study to examine the origin of imports is recommended. Silviculture employees earn an average weekly gross pay of $606 but only work 15.21 weeks/year. Approximately 26% of gross pay was absorbed by work-related expenses. The silviculture contractors interviewed depended on the private woodlot program for almost 70% of their annual income. Eliminating the private woodlot silviculture program would cause financial hardship to the silviculture contracting sector. Key words: employment, Federal/Provincial forestry agreement, input/output model, multipliers, New Brunswick, private woodlot silviculture program, economic evaluation

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28

Blind, Knut, and Andre Jungmittag. "Foreign Direct Investment, Imports and Innovations in the Service Industry." Review of Industrial Organization 25, no. 2 (September 2004): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11151-004-3537-x.

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29

Bosello, Francesco, Ramiro Parrado, and Renato Rosa. "The economic and environmental effects of an EU ban on illegal logging imports. Insights from a CGE assessment." Environment and Development Economics 18, no. 2 (January 18, 2013): 184–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x12000526.

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AbstractThe European Union (EU) is now discussing a legislation proposal to ban illegal timber from the EU market. We use the ICES model to estimate the reallocation of global demand and timber imports following the EU legislation. We aim to assess the economic impacts and measure the potential emission reduction resulting from the introduction of this policy. Results show that an EU ban targeting only log imports is not effective in reducing illegal logging, but its main effect is the removal of illegal logs from international markets. Additionally, the unilateral EU ban increases secondary wood production in illegal logging countries as their exports become relatively more competitive. Through this mechanism, part of the banned illegal timber will re-enter international trade flows ‘hidden’ as processed wood. Extending the ban to timber processed products eliminates this effect and reinforces direct carbon emissions reduction from logging activities.

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30

Malik, Adlaida, and Saidin Nainggolan. "Factors affecting the import of soybean in Indonesia." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 8, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v8i5.11015.

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As an agricultural country, Indonesia still imports soybeans to meet domestic soybean needs. The gap between national soybean production and consumption causes the government to import. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence soybean imports in Indonesia. The data used are time series data for the period 2003-2018. Data is sourced from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations International Trade Statistics Database (UN COMTRADE), the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia, World Bank, Bank Indonesia, and the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia. The analysis method uses SEM-Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that the macroeconomic conditions directly affect soybean production and consumption. On the other hand, consumption has a direct effect, but production has no direct effect on soybean imports. Macroeconomic conditions do not have a direct effect on soybean imports. Nevertheless, the total effect (combined direct and indirect effects) is significant from macroeconomic conditions on soybean imports.

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31

Anderton, R., and M. Desai. "Modelling Manufacturing Imports." National Institute Economic Review 123 (February 1988): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795018812300107.

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It is universally acknowledged that imports in the UK economy have risen very rapidly; import penetration in manufacturing has risen from 26 per cent in 1980 to 34 per cent in 1986. It is felt that any reflationary programme will have little impact on domestic employment since much of the extra spending power will be spent on imports, especially imports of manufactured goods. This has led to the firm belief that a reflationary programme has to be directed towards activities which have a lower import content and hence a higher domestic output and employment multiplier. This was the belief that made infrastructural expenditure such a popular option in the political discussions before the 1987 election.

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32

Muhammad, Saidu D., Kenneth O. Diyoke, and Nnanna P. Azu. "The Consequences of Foreign Direct Investments in Redefining Bilateral Trade Flow in Nigeria: A Gravity Panel Approach." Asian Economic and Financial Review 10, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.104.367.379.

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Most of the Nigerian government’s transformation agenda is geared toward creating and enabling business environments to attract foreign direct investment. Opinions are divided as to the impact of foreign investment on trade and this researcher believed it could be either positive or negative. Hence, this research is to ascertain the magnitude of foreign investment’s impact on Nigeria’s bilateral trade. Integrating foreign direct investment in the gravity model, we applied the PPML technique because of its robustness and ability to recognise zero trade. We segregated foreign investment into three-flow, stock and its annual growth. Our estimation revealed that foreign direct investment stock impacts negatively on bilateral trade flow in Nigeria for both exports and imports and it is robust with the overall sample. Exporters’ foreign direct investment inflow was also revealed to have an impact on bilateral trade in Nigeria. But in all ramifications the magnitude of the negative impact is relatively small but statistically significant reflecting that trade and inward foreign investment are at least substitutes. Nigeria should further encourage inward foreign investment to further stimulate economic growth and aid in creating import substitution.

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33

Crowder, Larry B., W. Charles Kerfoot, and Andrew Sih. "Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities." Copeia 1988, no. 2 (May 18, 1988): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1445906.

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34

Dezhbankhan, Fariba, Diana Lea Baranovich, and Nabeel Abedalaziz. "Impacts of Direct Metacognitive Instructions on Self-Actualization." International Education Studies 13, no. 11 (October 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n11p1.

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Education has a crucial role in improving opportunities for lifelong learning and helping students to move towards their self-actualizing goals. Applying metacognitive interventions facilitate conceptualization and operationalization of such holistic approach of education. This study investigated the impacts of twelve hours metacognitive intervention, ‘Direct Metacognitive Instructions’ (DMI) on self-actualization process among 31 students using quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) design. The large effect size (Partial η2 = .818, 95% confidence intervals) implied that DMI has a statistically significant impact in fostering student’s self-actualization. This study has implications for designing and implementing multidimensional metacognitive interventions targeting self-actualization and evaluating cognitive, behavioral and affective effects of such interventions.

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35

Mills, N. J., and A. Gilchrist. "Response of helmets in direct and oblique impacts." International Journal of Crashworthiness 2, no. 1 (July 7, 1996): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/cras.1997.0032.

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36

Cooper, Scott D., W. Charles Kerfoot, and Andrew Sih. "Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities." Journal of Animal Ecology 57, no. 1 (February 1988): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4786.

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37

Meerganz von Medeazza, G. L. "“Direct” and socially-induced environmental impacts of desalination." Desalination 185, no. 1-3 (November 2005): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.03.071.

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38

Smits, W. J. B. "Foreign direct investment and export and import value." De Economist 136, no. 1 (March 1988): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02078540.

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39

Beja, Edsel L. "Direct and indirect impacts of parenthood on happiness." International Review of Economics 62, no. 4 (April 10, 2015): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12232-015-0231-2.

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40

Takeuchi, Kenji. "Japan's experience in linking foreign direct investment and imports of minerals." Resources Policy 16, no. 4 (December 1990): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4207(90)90042-a.

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41

Anderson, Kym, and Glyn Wittwer. "U.K. and Global Wine Markets by 2025, and Implications of Brexit." Journal of Wine Economics 12, no. 3 (August 2017): 221–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2017.19.

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AbstractThe United Kingdom has accounted for a major share of the world's wine imports for centuries, and wine accounts for more than one-third of U.K. alcohol consumption. It is therefore not surprising that suppliers of those imports and U.K. wine consumers, producers, traders, distributors, and retailers are focusing on what the United Kingdom's planned withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) might mean for them. In this paper, a model of the world's wine markets is used to project those markets to 2025 without, and then with, the occurrence of Brexit. The Brexit scenarios involve adjustment not just to U.K. and EU27 (the countries remaining in the European Union) bilateral tariffs but also to assumed changes to the United Kingdom's income growth and currency. The relative importance of each of these three components of the initial shock are reported, as are impacts on bilateral wine-trade values and volumes for still and sparkling wines. The results suggest that the impact outside the United Kingdom will be minor compared with other developments in the world's wine markets. Inside the United Kingdom, however, the effect of Brexit on incomes and the British pound are likely to have nontrivial initial impacts on the domestic wine market and to be far more consequential than the direct impact of changes in bilateral tariffs. (JEL Classifications: F15, F14, F13)

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OLIVEIRA HENRIQUES, Carla, Dulce Helena COELHO, and Carlos Henggeler ANTUNES. "A MULTI-OBJECTIVE INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL TO ASSESS E4 IMPACTS OF BUILDING RETROFITTING MEASURES TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 21, no. 3 (May 26, 2015): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2015.1015065.

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This paper develops a bottom-up approach in the scope of a multi-objective linear programming model (MOLP) based on Input-Output (I-O) analysis to account for investment options aimed at improving the thermal properties of building envelope (e.g., the insulation of external walls and roof, and the replacement of window frames and window glazing). This methodological framework aims at assessing the trade-offs between the overall employment, GDP and energy savings associated with the building sector (residential, private services and public services). Distinct impacts, namely on direct and indirect employment generation, environment (CO2 emissions), energy security supply (energy imports and renewable energy production) and other relevant economic indicators are also analysed. Different sets of input parameters for the economic context and the environmental impacts have been defined as interval coefficients to account for uncertainty. Robust solutions are then obtained by considering the minimisation of the worst possible deviation of the interval objective functions to the corresponding interval ideal solutions.

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Bin, Fabrice. "Le mythe de la summa divisio impôt directs/impôts indirects : le moteur à mouvement perpétuel du débat fiscal." Gestion & Finances Publiques, no. 1 (January 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/gfp.2021.1.007.

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Le discours fiscal est structuré autour de deux types d’impôts : les impôts directs et les impôts indirects. Il s’agit très largement d’un mythe. Aucun fondement de cette distinction n’est solide mais ce mythe perdure car il permet de simplifier et de structurer les idées sur l’impôt et ainsi d’organiser le débat sur la politique fiscale. Ce mythe est au service d’un mythe plus puissant : celui de la justice fiscale.

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Tai, Yi-Ming. "Competitive advantage impacts of direct procurement management capabilities and Web-based direct procurement system." International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 16, no. 3 (June 2013): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2013.811481.

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Gilal, Muhammad Akram, Khadim Hussain, Muhammad Ajmair, and Sabahat Akram. "Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Components in Context of Pakistan." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 34 (December 31, 2016): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n34p384.

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Objective of this paper was to evaluate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on trade components (exports and imports) of Pakistan using annual data from 1975 to 2013. Engle and Granger two step cointegration method was used for conducting the analysis. This method was adopted because all the variables of interest were non stationary in level and stationary at first difference. Results provide evidence of long run cointegrating relationship as well as short run relationship between FDI and trade components. A rise in FDI causes both exports and imports to increase. Based on these empirical findings, we strongly recommend Government of Pakistan to focus on the strategy of investment liberalization as well as trade openness.

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Sternberg, Troy, Chris McCarthy, and Buho Hoshino. "Does China’s Belt and Road Initiative Threaten Food Security in Central Asia?" Water 12, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102690.

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China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) needs little introduction; the infrastructure investment will reconfigure development in Central Asia. As its origin story and initial encounter, Central Asia offers a prismatic lens to delve into the vital impacts and significant changes wrought by the BRI. In the dryland region, the BRI impact on watersheds and agriculture is a critical challenge with direct implications for food security. Framed by diverse research sources, we utilized spatial datasets from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative and the World Bank to explore the intersection of food production, water and development. Investigation evaluates the possible trade-offs that Chinese infrastructure investment can have on the communities and environment of Central Asia. The findings identify more than 15,000 km of rail and 20,000 km of roads linked to the BRI crisscrossing the region in 2018. Whilst these transport corridors have improved connectivity, many of these rails and roads traverse important agricultural and water zones, creating undetermined risks and opportunities. Land use change was examined within a 10-km buffer around BRI roads and rails from 2008 to 2018. Railways increased by 23% during this time, yet irrigated and rainfed agriculture decreased whilst urban areas markedly expanded. Contextual research identifies how Chinese policies may encourage agribusiness investment for food exports as possible disruptions to national and regional food supply. However, to date Central Asia provides <1% of Chinese agricultural imports. In fact, Afghanistan is the region’s dominant export market, tripling agricultural imports >300% in this time. Similarly, five times more livestock are traded within the region than to China. Evaluating infrastructure change is essential to understand BRI impacts on environments and societies, with the food-water nexus a particular concern in Central Asia. Limited Chinese imports of Central Asian agriculture suggests the region’s food security will not be significantly altered by the Belt and Road Initiative.

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Wang, Audrey H., and Xiang-Jiao Yang. "Histone Deacetylase 4 Possesses Intrinsic Nuclear Import and Export Signals." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 17 (September 1, 2001): 5992–6005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.17.5992-6005.2001.

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ABSTRACT Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) plays an important role in regulating its function, and binding of 14-3-3 proteins is necessary for its cytoplasmic retention. Here, we report the identification of nuclear import and export sequences of HDAC4. While its N-terminal 118 residues modulate the nuclear localization, residues 244 to 279 constitute an authentic, strong nuclear localization signal. Mutational analysis of this signal revealed that three arginine-lysine clusters are necessary for its nuclear import activity. As for nuclear export, leucine-rich sequences located in the middle part of HDAC4 do not function as nuclear export signals. By contrast, a hydrophobic motif (MXXLXVXV) located at the C-terminal end serves as a nuclear export signal that is necessary for cytoplasmic retention of HDAC4. This motif is required for CRM1-mediated nuclear export of HDAC4. Furthermore, binding of 14-3-3 proteins promotes cytoplasmic localization of HDAC4 by both inhibiting its nuclear import and stimulating its nuclear export. Unlike wild-type HDAC4, a point mutant with abrogated MEF2-binding ability remains cytoplasmic upon exogenous expression of MEF2C, supporting the notion that direct MEF2 binding targets HDAC4 to the nucleus. Therefore, HDAC4 possesses intrinsic nuclear import and export signals for its dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and association with 14-3-3 and MEF2 proteins affects such shuttling and thus directs HDAC4 to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, respectively.

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Hong Minh, Cao. "Remittances, Foreign Direct Investment, Imports and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam." Asian Journal of Economic Modelling 8, no. 2 (2020): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.8.2020.82.133.140.

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Halaszovich, Tilo, Sandra Luttermann, and Herbert Kotzab. "The impact of logistics performance on exports, imports and foreign direct investment." World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research 9, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/writr.2020.10027962.

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Luttermann, Sandra, Herbert Kotzab, and Tilo Halaszovich. "The impact of logistics performance on exports, imports and foreign direct investment." World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research 9, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/writr.2020.106444.

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