Academic literature on the topic 'Impregnated reinforcement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Impregnated reinforcement"
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Vlach, Tomáš, Lenka Laiblová, Jakub Řepka, Zuzana Jirkalová, and Petr Hájek. "EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF IMPREGNATED TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT SPLICING BY OVERLAPPING." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 22 (July 25, 2019): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.22.0128.
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This paper presents an experimental verification of impregnated textile reinforcement splicing by overlapping using tensile test of small textile reinforced concrete slabs before its using in the product. The specimen dimensions were designed 80×360mm and thickness approximately 18 mm. This specimen was reinforced using two pieces of impregnated flat technical fabric from carbon roving and epoxy resin. Two overlap lengths were designed using data from previous cohesion tensile tests and necessary anchoring length. The purpose of this experiment was experimental verification before flat reinforcement splicing by overlapping on the final product – furniture with textile reinforcement. This paper shows possible problems and complications in the anchoring of the textile reinforcements and in splicing by overlapping, the importance of the accuracy reinforcement position in the thin concrete cross-sectional area.
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Hegger, Josef, Christian Kulas, and Michael Horstmann. "Realization of TRC Façades with Impregnated AR-Glass Textiles." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.121.
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In the last 30 years, façade-panels made of steel-reinforced concrete have become less attractive for architects and clients. Due to the metallic reinforcement, the insufficient concrete covers of former design code generations and hence the material-dependent corrosion, many cases of damage occurred. Using technical textiles for a new composite material, Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC), it is possible to produce concrete structures which are not vulnerable to corrosion. The presented ventilated large-sized façade elements and self-supporting sandwich panels exemplify the capability of TRC. In the paper, applied materials are characterized and the production process of tailor-made textile reinforcements as well as the load-bearing behavior of the members is described.
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Asgharzadeh, Amir, and Michael Raupach. "Tensile strength of carbon rovings impregnated with different materials under anodic polarization." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 11015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819911015.
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Carbon textiles are used more and more as reinforcement in concrete structures. Due to their high durability the concrete covers can be extremely thin compared to traditional steel reinforced concrete, resulting in the possibility to build very thin elements with excellent performance. To improve the properties of the carbon textiles, the rovings are normally impregnated with different types of polymers. Additionally to the use as reinforcement, carbon textiles can also be used as anodes for cathodic protection. However, while first tests have shown, that impregnated carbon rovings are suitable to be used as CP-anodes, it is still not clear under which conditions the new types of anodes are stable or when they start to dissolve. This paper describes investigations on the influence of an anodic polarisation on the tensile strength of different types of impregnated carbon rovings.
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Ghazzawi, Yousof M., Andres F. Osorio, and Michael T. Heitzmann. "Fire performance of continuous glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate composites: The effect of fibre architecture on the fire properties of polycarbonate composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 12 (October 23, 2018): 1705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318808052.
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The fire performance of polycarbonate resin and the role of glass fibre reinforcement in altering the fire performance was investigated. Three different fibre weaves with comparable surface density, plain, twill, and unidirectional glass fabrics, were used as reinforcements. E-glass fabrics were solution-impregnated with polycarbonate/dichloromethyl, laid up, and compression-moulded to consolidate the glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate composite. Cone calorimetry tests with an incident radiant flux of 35 kW/m2 were used to investigate the fire properties of polycarbonate resin and its composites. Results showed that glass fibre reinforcement improves polycarbonate performance by delaying its ignition, decreasing its heat release rate, and lowering the mass loss rate. The three fibre weave types exhibited similar time to ignition. However, unidirectional fibre had a 35% lower peak heat release rate followed when compared to plain and twill weave fibres.
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Obradovic, Vera, Dusica Stojanovic, Aleksandar Kojovic, Irena Zivkovic, Vesna Radojevic, Petar Uskokovic, and Radoslav Aleksic. "Aramid composites impregnated with different reinforcement: Nanofibers, nanoparticles and nanotubes." Zastita materijala 55, no. 4 (2014): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat1404351o.
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Abida, Marwa, Florian Gehring, Jamel Mars, Alexandre Vivet, Fakhreddine Dammak, and Mohamed Haddar. "Effect of hygroscopy on non-impregnated quasi-unidirectional flax reinforcement behaviour." Industrial Crops and Products 128 (February 2019): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.11.008.
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Vasileiou, G., C. Vakouftsis, N. Rogkas, S. Tsolakis, P. Zalimidis, and V. Spitas. "Design and construction of a continuous impregnation apparatus of woven fibres, using non-meshing double-sinusoidal toothed rollers." MATEC Web of Conferences 317 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031701006.
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Resin-impregnated fibres are extensively used in a variety of industrial applications as is demonstrated in the literature. Resin-fibre impregnation techniques are used in order to create homogeneous macro – materials and to take full advantage of the mechanical properties of the fibrous reinforcement (i.e. carbon, glass, organic or ceramic fibres). However, achieving highly impregnated fibres is proven quite challenging especially in continuous production techniques that are required for large production rates. The main challenge lies in achieving complete impregnation of the tightly arranged fibres mainly referring to the formed yarns containing multiple fibres, sometimes even twisted. This results in partially impregnated materials containing cavities that tend to exhibit inferior mechanical properties compared to the theoretical calculations, which assume fully impregnated materials. These cavities often lead to crack generation, acting as stress concentration sites, resulting in complete failure of the material at macro-level. In this paper a novel technique for continuous production of fully impregnated woven fibres is presented using non – meshing, co – rotating rollers. A laboratory-scale apparatus is designed and described thoroughly in the context of this work. The method resembles pultrusion in the sense that a reinforcement plain fibre mesh (glass) is co–processed with the liquid resin through a pair of co–rotating toothed rollers to produce a continuously reinforced 3D tape. The surface of the rollers is produced from a double-sinusoidal toothed surface (rack) using the Theory of Gearing in three-dimensions, which imposes significant differential sliding of the fibres without differential tension and facilitates fibre wetting. The geometry of the rollers is calculated not to damage the unprocessed fibres, while facilitating local widespreading of the stranded fibres in the three – dimensional space leading to the resin being able to fully penetrate the reinforcing fibre material.
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Pidun, Kevin, and Thomas Gries. "Shaped Textile Reinforcement Elements for Concrete Components." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.415.
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By now the application of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) for facade constructions can be considered as state of the art. Especially ventilated curtain walls made of TRC and sandwich elements made in combination of TRC-layers and foam cores recently are realized in pilot projects which are predominantly located in Aachen, Germany. The Life funded Insu-Shell façade of the Institute fuer Textiltechnik (ITA) of RWTH Aachen University gives an example of such a pilot project. Furthermore, a pedestrian bridge has been built in Albstadt, Germany. The enormous potential of TRC-applications is shown in these practical projects. All projects have been completed successfully and present good results in terms of the surface quality, the design freedom, the wall thinness and the ecological performance. A networked process chain was aimed at and approached and finally implemented. Apart from this, all these projects incorporating impregnated textile reinforcements reveal unanswered questions regarding production of shaped reinforcement elements, their ability to bear loads and their durability. Particularly the transformation of a 2D-warp-knit fabric to a reinforcement element (textile reinforcement cage) is a challenge, which needs to be addressed further. Since the beginning of 2012 a new transfer project called Shaped textile reinforcement elements for concrete components (T08) within the framework of the Collaborative Research Center 532 `Textile Reinforced Concrete - Development of a new technology` is funded. That challenge is to be solved in the T08 project in cooperation with Institutes from the RWTH Aachen University and industry partners led by the Institute of Structural Concrete of RWTH Aachen University.
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Hatta, Minori, Akikazu Shinya, Harunori Gomi, Pekka K. Vallittu, Eija Säilynoja, and Lippo V. J. Lassila. "Effect of Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) Thermoplastic Resin on Flexural Strength of Fibre-Reinforced Composite and the Penetration of Bonding Resin into Semi-IPN FRC Post." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 3200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183200.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) thermoplastic resin on the flexural strength of fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) with different IPN polymer compositions. The penetration of bonding resin into semi-IPN FRC posts was also evaluated. The IPN thermoplastic resin used was UDMA-MMA monomer with either PMMA (0.5%, 2%, 5%) or PMMA-copolymer (0.5%, 2%). A no added IPN polymer resin was also made. Mixed resin was impregnated to S- and E-glass fibre rovings. These resins and resin impregnated fibres were used for flexural strength (FS) test. To evaluate the penetration of bonding resin into semi-IPN post, SEM observation was done with various impregnation time and polymerization mehods (hand-light- and oven-cure). The result of FS was recorded from 111.7 MPa (no-IPN polymer/no-fibre-reinforcement) to 543.0 MPa (5% PMMA/S-glass FRC). ANOVA showed that there were significant differences between fibre-reinforcement and no-fibre-reinforcement (p < 0.01) both in S- and E-glass fibre groups, and between 0.5% PMMA and 5% PMMA in the S-glass FRC group. SEM micrographs showed that the penetration layers of bonding resin into hand-light cured semi-IPN posts were different according to impregnation time. Fibre reinforcement is effective to improve flexural strength. The depth of penetration layer of bonding resin into semi-IPN matrix resin was improved when a hand-light cure was used.
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Choi, Sung-Woong, Sung-Ha Kim, Mei-Xian Li, Jeong-Hyeon Yang, and Hyeong-Min Yoo. "Tow Deformation Behaviors in Resin-Impregnated Glass Fibers under Different Flow Rates." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 3575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083575.
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With the rapid development of high-performance fibers such as carbon, enhanced glass fibers in structural applications, the use of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) materials has also increased in many areas. Liquid composite molding (LCM) is a widely used manufacturing process in composite manufacturing; however, the rapid impregnation of resin in the reinforcing fibers during processing poses a significant issue. The optimization of resin impregnation is related to tow deformations in the reinforcing fibers. The present study therefore focuses on this tow deformation. The permeability behaviors in double-scale porous media were observed under different flow rates and viscosity conditions to examine the overall tendencies of structural changes in the reinforcement. The permeability results showed hysteresis with increasing and decreasing flow rate conditions of 50–800 mm3/s, indicating structural changes in the reinforcement. The tow behaviors of the double-scale porous media with respect to the thickness and flow rate were investigated in terms of the representative indices of the minor axis (tow thickness) and major axis. The minor axis and major axis of the tow showed decreasing and increasing trends of 2–5% and 2%, respectively, with minimum and maximum values at different positions along the reinforcement, affected by the different hydrodynamic entry lengths. Finally, the deformed tow behavior was observed microscopically to examine the behavior of the tow at different flow rates.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impregnated reinforcement"
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Raupach, Michael, Jeanette Orlowsky, and Till Büttner. "Verbesserung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Textilbeton mittels Polymeren - Materialauswahl und Langzeitprognose." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-77938.
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Die bei Textilbetonbauteilen üblicherweise zum Einsatz kommenden Bewehrungen können sowohl aus Carbon oder AR-Glas bestehen. Aufgrund des Preises und der Verfügbarkeit hat AR-Glas gegenüber Carbon allerdings eine deutlich größere Verbreitung am Markt. Trotz der chemischen Modifikation zur Verbesserung der Alkalibeständigkeit von AR-Gläsern gegenüber E-Glas, kann bei AR-Gläsern ein nennenswerter Festigkeitsverlust infolge der Alkalität des Betons innerhalb der Lebensdauer eines Bauwerks festgestellt werden. Eine Möglichkeit den langfristigen Festigkeitsverlust zu reduzieren, ist der Aufbau einer Diffusionsbarriere um die einzelnen Rovings durch eine polymere Tränkung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung werden mögliche Tränkungsmaterialien sowie die Auswirkungen dieser auf die Dauerhaftigkeit der textilen Bewehrungen anhand von Versuchen bewertet und ein Modell zur Prognose des langfristigen Festigkeitsverlustes polymermodifizierter Bewehrungen vorgestelltThe reinforcement in TRC (Textile Reinforced Concrete) is usually made of alkali-resistant glass rovings due to their low price and availability on the market, but even the glass composition is changed compares to E-glass to increase its alkali resistance the durability in concrete is known to be unsatisfactory. One possibility to increase the durability is the application of a diffusion barrier around the reinforcement. The diffusion barrier can be made out of reactive polymeric coatings. Within the paper the results regarding the durability of AR-glass reinforcement achieved with a variety of reactive materials, mainly epoxy resins, will be presented as well as discussed. In addition to the results achieved in the laboratory, a model which allows long term predictions of the durability of polymer impregnated AR-glass reinforcements will be presented
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Büttner, Till, Allessandra Keil, Jeanette Orlowsky, and Michael Raupach. "Einsatz von Polymeren in Textilbeton – Entwicklung polymermodifizierter Betone und Einflüsse auf die Dauerhaftigkeit." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244045457582-60801.
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Die bei Textilbetonen überwiegend zum Einsatz kommenden Bewehrungen aus AR-Glas weisen infolge der Glaskorrosion einen signifikanten Tragfähigkeitsverlust auf. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes D5 des SFB 532 wurden die Faktoren, die die Dauerhaftigkeit des Werkstoffes beeinflussen, evaluiert und in einen Modellansatz umgesetzt. Anhand dieser Untersuchungen konnten Möglichkeiten zur Reduktion des langfristigen Festigkeitsverlustes aufgezeigt werden. Eine dieser Möglichkeiten ist die Polymermodifikation des Betons, die im Wesentlichen einen Einfluss auf den Wassertransport innerhalb des Betonquerschnitts hat. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes B4 des SFB 532 wurden polymermodifizierte Betone entwickelt und hinsichtlich ihres Wasseraufnahmeverhaltens untersucht. Im Anschluss wird die Wirkungsweise polymermodifizierter Betone hinsichtlich der Einflüsse auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von TRC beschrieben.
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Pinto, Nuno Ferreira. "Estudo e avaliação experimental de tecnologia IMR (in-mould reinforcement)." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30378.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de PolímerosO presente trabalho destinou-se a desenvolver um processo que permitisse oferecer a possibilidade de impregnar reforços de fibras contínuas em termoplásticos, através da utilização de mantas secas. Para atingir este objetivo foi utilizado o processo de moldação por injeção e a compressão a quente. Assim, neste trabalho realizou-se o estudo e avaliação de materiais e tecnologias já disponíveis no mercado. Foi feita ainda uma pesquisa detalhada pelas várias áreas individuais identificadas: reforços secos, reforços impregnados e a modelação de processos. Baseado nos resultados desta investigação, definiram-se e executaram-se ensaios de processamento e através de caracterização das propriedades dos materiais resultantes, bem como foram avaliadas as várias soluções e selecionada a solução mais promissora. Tendo em consideração os pontos-chave de desenvolvimento identificados, o projeto implicou um desenvolvimento paralelo em duas áreas tecnológicas distintas e conjugadas: materiais e tecnologias de produção de termoplásticos reforçados com fibras contínuas (CFRT’s), moldação por injeção de termoplásticos e moldação por compressão a quente. No que concerne aos materiais, foi estudada a capacidade de um compósito, com matriz – reforço correspondente a polipropileno – fibras de vidro continuas. Para este estudo foi concluído que o material compósito em questão apresenta, maioritariamente nos processos executados, melhores desempenhos que o PP, sendo estes superiores quando o número de camadas de fibras é quatro ao invés de uma ou duas camadas. No entanto foram apresentados melhores resultados de propriedades mecânicas nas amostras produzidas quando provenientes da compressão a quente. Já para as tecnologias de produção de CFRT’s, foram estudadas e avaliadas as variáveis de processamento, bem como a melhor combinação entre elas, dos processos de moldação por injeção e por compressão a quente. Quanto às variáveis da compressão a quente, tem maior influência a variável temperatura do molde, sendo que a condição de processamento ideal varia consoante o número de fibras existentes no compósito e das propriedades que se pretende ver satisfeitas. Por último, no que concerne às variáveis da injeção tem maior impacto a segunda pressão. Desta forma, o objetivo principal de desenvolver um processo que permitisse oferecer a possibilidade de impregnar reforços de fibras contínuas em termoplásticos, através da utilização de mantas secas, tem potencial de ser considerada para a produção de um bom produto impregnado com as caraterísticas esperadas. No entanto e apesar de não se ter desenvolvido um processo neste trabalho, é conseguido um caminho com potencial para a definição deste novo processo de produção de CFRT’s.
The present study was aimed to developing a process and a product that offers the possibility to impregnate continuous fiber reinforcements in thermoplastics, through the use of dried layer. To obtain the main objective it was use injection molding and hot compression. In this work we carried out the study and evaluation of materials and technologies already available in the science. A detailed investigation was made by the individual identified several areas: dry reinforcements, impregnated reinforcements and modeling processes. Based on the results of this investigation, it was defined and performed assays were through processing and characterization of the properties of the resulting materials, and were evaluated several solutions and selected the most promising solution. Taking into consideration the key points of development and identified, the project involved a parallel development in two distinct and combined technological areas: materials and production technologies CFRT's, thermoplastic injection molding and hot compression molding. When it is intended to material studied was the capacity of a composite, wherein the matrix - reinforcement corresponding to polypropylene - continuous glass fibers, have superior performance than polymers in its simple form. For this study it was concluded that the composite material in question has, mainly in the processes executed is more efficient than PP, which are higher when the number of layers of fiber are four rather than one or two layers. However were presented mechanical properties when coming from hot compression. As for the production technology of CFRT's, were studied and evaluated the processing variables, as well the best combination of them, of the injection molding and hot compression molding. Regarding the variables of hot compression, the one that has more influence is the mold temperature and the optimum processing condition varies depending on the number of fibers in the composite and the properties that you want to see satisficed. Finally, with regard to the variables of the injection, the greatest impact comes from second pressure. Thus, for the primary purpose of developing a process and a product which allow to offer the possibility of impregnating a continuous fiber reinforcements in thermoplastics, through the use of dried layer, is likely to be considered to the production of a good product impregnated with the expected characteristics. However, although a process was not developed in this work, is achieved a successful way to achieve this new production process CFRT 's.
Book chapters on the topic "Impregnated reinforcement"
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Girgis, Mikhail M. "Impregnated Fiber—Glass Yarn for High-Strength Geosynthetic Reinforcement." In ACS Symposium Series, 337–50. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0457.ch022.
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"Combination of Carbon Fiber Sheet Molding Compound and Pre-Impregnated, Tailored Carbon Fiber Reinforcements." In Frontiers in Aerospace Science, edited by Marc Fette, Nicole Stöß, Jens Wulfsberg, Axel Herrmann, Gerhard Ziegmann, and Georg Lonsdorfer, 497–514. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681083056116010015.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Impregnated reinforcement"
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Bordoloi, Sanandam, Deepak Patwa, Rojimul Hussain, Ankit Garg, and S. Sreedeep. "Nano-Particle Coated Natural Fiber Impregnated Soil as a Sustainable Reinforcement Material." In ASCE India Conference 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482032.044.
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Kobayashi, Satoshi, and Toshiko Osada. "Experimental and Analytical Resin Impregnation Characterization in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8627.
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Abstract Effect of molding condition on resin impregnation behavior and the associated mechanical properties were investigated for carbon fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites. Carbon fiber yarn (TORAYCA, Toray) was used as a reinforcement, and thermoplastic PI (AURUM PL 450 C, Mitsui Chemicals) was used as the matrix. CFRTP textile composites were compression-molded with a hot press system under the molding temperature, 390 °C, 410 °C and 430 °C, molding pressure 2 MPa and 4 MPa and molding time 0∼300 s. In order to evaluate the impregnated state, cross sectional observation was performed with an optical microscope. Specimen cross-section was polished and finished with alumina slurry for a clear observation. The images observed were processed through image processing software to obtained impregnation ratio which defined as the resin impregnation area to the cross-sectional area of a fiber yarn. Resin impregnation was accelerated with molding temperature and pressure. At molding temperature more than 410 °C, resin impregnation was similar irrespective of temperature. Tensile test results indicated that modulus and strength increased with resin impregnation. Resin impregnation during molding was predicted using the analytical model based on Darcy’s law and continuity condition. The analysis could successfully predict the impregnation behavior despite the difference in molding pressure and temperature.
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Murakami, Masuo, Yuqiu Yang, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Mechanical Properties of Jute/PLA Injection Molded Products-All Natural Composites." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62819.
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Natural composites have been important materials system due to preservation of earth environments. Natural fibers such as jute, hemp, bagasse and so on are very good candidate of natural composites as reinforcements. On the other hand regarding matrix parts thermosetting polymer and thermoplastic polymer deriver form petrochemical products are not environmental friendly material, even if thermoplastic polymer can be recycled. In order to create fully environmental friendly material (FEFM) biodegradable polymer which can be deriver from natural resources is needed. Therefore poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer is very good material for the FEFM. However, PLA is very brittle polymer, so that polymer chemists have been made the efforts to make tough PLA. In this paper Jute/PLA composites was fabricated by injection moldings and mechanical properties were measured. It is believable that industries will have much attention to FEFM, so that injection molding was adopted to fabricate the composites. Long fiber pellet pultrusion technique was adopted to prepare jute fiber-PLA pellet (Jute/PLA). Because it is a new method which is able to fabricate composite pellets with relative long length fibers for injection molding process, where, jute yarns were continuously pulled and coated with PLA resin. Here two kinds of PLA materials were used including the one with mold releasing agent and the other is without it. After pass through a heated die whereby PLA resin impregnates into the jute yarns and sufficient cooling, the impregnated jute yarns were cut into pellets. Then Jute/PLA pellets were fed into injection machine to make dumbbell shape specimens. In current study, the effects of temperature of heat die i.e. impregnation temperature and the kind of PLA were focused to get optimum molding condition. The volume fractions of jute fiber in pellet were measured by several measuring method including image analyzing, density measurement and dissolution methods. And the mechanical property were investigated by tensile and Izod testing. It is found that 250 degree is much suitable for Jute/PLA long fiber pultrusion process. Additionally the jute fibers seem much effective to increase the tensile modulus and the Izod strength. That is to say, the addition of Jute fiber in PLA, the brittle property can be improved.
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Kikuchi, Tetsuo, Akira Fudauchi, Tetsushi Koshino, Chieko Narita, Atsushi Endo, Yuka Takai, Akihiko Goto, Akio Ohtani, Asami Nakai, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Mechanical Property of CFRP by Carbon Spray Up Method." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64144.
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Spray up method is one of methods for composite molding and it is traditional and common molding method that can deal with various shapes according to workmen skill. The essence of the composite molding impregnates resin to fiber;, in other words, is to substitute air included in the fiber for resin. Spray up method can spray matrix on mold together while cutting reinforcements continually, and the cutting of the reinforcement, setting up and the impregnation of the matrix are carried out at the same time. That is why working process is made efficiency and can cope with a design change easily. However, the quality of the composites depends on the techniques of workmen and the judgment with Spray up technique is too difficult, because it has not clarified that the difference of that techniques has how influence with manufactured products. In addition, in a spray up method, glass reinforcements is usually used, but carbon reinforcements is not put to practical use. High quality is required with the CFRP composite, and this is because it is thought that techniques of Spray up method does not satisfy this demand. In this study, motion analysis was used to compare the difference between Spray up techniques by expert and non-expert. Expert’s carrier of Spray up was 19 years and non-expert’s carrier was a year. Motion analysis, which is applied to various fields like sports or traditional crafts and so on, can visualize human motion. The Mac 3D System was used as equipment, since it is the most powerful tool for the motion capture and analysis particularly. The sampling rate was 60 Hz. The object of this study was to contribute that technique back to fabrication fields by analyzing and considering what was important factor. Furthermore, this trial is thought that leads to the development of new technology. As the result, the motion of expert’s lower half of body indicated different motion compared with non-expert one. Expert’s centroid moved smoothly and his motion showed constant tendency. On the other hand, non-expert’s motion was awkward in several points and his motion didn’t show the tendency like expert. Furthermore, The CFRP structures that manufactured with Spray up method are cut for the tensile testing. Tensile test were performed by using an Instron universal testing machine under a speed 1mm/min. Spray up technique is discussed based on the motion analysis method and moreover it is shown that Spray up method is useful in CFRP materials production.
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Wang, Y., S. M. Grove, and M. Moatamedi. "Modelling Tow Impregnation of Woven Fabric Reinforcements and Its Application in Liquid Composite Moulding Process Modelling." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61832.
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This paper proposes a detail physical model for the micro-scale flow in plain woven reinforcements. The modelling results are formulated into a mathematical algorithm which is then directly incorporated into a continuum dual-scale model as a ‘sink’ term. When used to model liquid composite moulding (LCM) processes, this incorporated dual-scale model demonstrates the fact that the impregnation of fibre tows lags behind the resin front in macro pore spaces. The modelling results are in agreement with the experimental observations. It has been shown that the unsaturated region at the flow front could increase or have a fixed length under different circumstances. These differences are explained due to the variation in tow impregnation speed (or the time required for the tow to become fully impregnated) which is related to the weave infrastructure and the nesting and packing of plies. The modelling results have also demonstrated the drooping of the inlet pressure when the flow processes are carried out under constant injection rates.
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Amin, Anish Ravindra, Yi-Tang Kao, Bruce L. Tai, and Jyhwen Wang. "Dynamic Response of 3D-Printed Bi-Material Structure Using Drop Weight Impact Test." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3061.
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Additive manufacturing has led to increasing number of applications that require complex geometries and multiple materials. This paper presented a bi-material structure (BMS) composed of a cushion matrix held by a 3D printed frame structure for an improved impact resistance. The study mainly focused on understanding the effects of structural topology and matrix material. Two matrix materials, silicone elastomer and polyurethane (PU) foam, were selected to impregnate into two different PLA frame structures. Drop weight impact test was carried out to measure the impact force and energy absorption. The results showed that the overall impact resistance was dominated by the frame, while the matrix reinforcement required proper structural interlocking mechanism and material matching. In the particular specimens of this study, PU foam led to more energy absorption and force bearing capacity of the structure than the silicone elastomer.