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1

Shen, Zhao Kui, and Xiao Lin Pan. "The Development of Graphic Design Method Based on Pro/Toolkit Spur Gears." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.606.

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Pro/Toolkit is the powerful secondary development provide of Pro/E ,It encapsulates many aimed at Pro/E bottom resources library function and call header files.Using VC++6.0 for integrated development environment and under Windows for development.This paper mainly introduces a graphic design method based on Pro/Toolkit spur gears.Firstly by using Pro/E to establish the spur gears 3d model and realize the 3d model parametric design. Then using VC++6.0 to type VC DLL program, design MFC dialog and for source program's compiles and links, to create dynamic link files(DLL or EXE files), through th
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2

Nguyen, Thi Hao, Anda Ionescu, Olivier Ramalho, and Evelyne Géhin. "Predicting the Window Opening State in an Office to Improve Indoor Air Quality." Engineering Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021005024.

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Window operation is among one of the most influential factors on indoor air quality (IAQ). In this paper, we focus on the modeling of the windows’ opening state in a real open-plan office with five windows. The IAQ of this open-plan office was monitored over a whole year along with the opening state of the windows. A k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classification model was implemented, based on a long time series of both indoor and outdoor monitored environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity, and CO2 indoor concentration. In addition, the month, the day of the week and the time
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3

Chen, Bin, and Hui Meng Zheng. "The Design of Omni-Bearing Translation and Rotary Windows." Advanced Materials Research 580 (October 2012): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.580.130.

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In view of many problems of the windows existing in the current market ,to design omni-bearing translation and rotary windows can solve the problems of cleaning the ordinary windows .At the same time, regulating the rotation angle of the windows can change the ventilated area arbitrarily and improve the residential environment .The windows includes five parts: gearing mesh structure, cap button device, window frame guide groove structure, magnetic induction structure and window locked structure.
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4

Friedman, Avi, and Morgan Matheson. "Selecting and Installing Energy-Efficient Windows to Improve Dwelling Sustainability." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 2, no. 2 (2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2017.7687.

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<p>Windows play a significant role in achieving comfort in buildings by letting in natural light, solar warmth, fresh air and permitting outdoor views. On the other hand, poor quality windows can be the source of overheating or unwanted infiltration or exfiltration of air. Quality windows, therefore, influence the dwelling’s energy consumption and consequently its sustainability. Heat losses through the building envelope can occur in any of three mechanisms: conduction, convection and radiation. In all cases, windows are the “weakest link”. As such, windows represent the most important i
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Szyszka, Jerzy, and Aleksander Starakiewicz. "A quasi-box window concept to improve the thermal-insulation property of old windows - case study." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900115.

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The article presents the concept of improving the thermal insulation properties of a window thanks to the installation of an additional internal window. The resulting quasi-box window can be an alternative to the thermo-modernization of windows by replacing them. Measurements of the thermal parameters of the prototype and the unmodified window were made in an office space during its standard use. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the compared solutions was made.
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6

Li, Jie, and Fang Wang. "Study on Door & Window Energy-Saving Technology at Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.538.

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By combining the climate conditions of hot-summer and cold-winter zone, this paper has analyzed the characteristics for energy saving of windows and doors, and the approaches for energy-saving design are proposed in accordance with the functions of thermal insulation in summer, heat preservation in winter and lighting. Through the material of glass and window frame, it can provide reference to material selection for doors and windows, and various door & window energy-saving technologies are proposed, such as the structure and measures which can improve the thermal performance of window and
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Nurul Mardhiyah Zakaria, Mohamad Alif Omar, and Azfarizal Mukhtar. "Numerical Study on the Thermal Insulation of Smart Windows Embedded with Low Thermal Conductivity Materials to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Buildings." CFD Letters 15, no. 2 (2023): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.15.2.4152.

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The building industry accounts for almost 40% of the world's energy consumption. To reduce the global heat transfer coefficient, sustainable buildings should use highly insulated enclosures. As the building envelope serves as a barrier between the exterior and interior of the building, integration of passive solar design principles in its construction, such as smart windows with low thermal conductivity materials are essential. Smart windows may assist to reduce energy consumption by minimizing heat gain by the building, which able reduce the cooling loads while maintaining the thermal comfort
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8

Ahn, Namhyuck, and Sanghoon Park. "Heat Transfer Analysis of Timber Windows with Different Wood Species and Anatomical Direction." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 6050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226050.

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When assessing the hygrothermal performance of timber windows, it is important to apply the unique thermal conductivity of wood by each wood species as well as an anatomical direction within the same material as they affect the performance and long-term durability of products. A series of heat transfer analyses of window frames using THERM and WINDOW along with measurements on the thermal conductivity of five hardwoods using laser flash apparatus (LFA) was performed to compare and evaluate heat transmittance (U-value) and condensation resistance (CR) of three types of timber and hybrid timber
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9

Basok, Borys, Anatoliy Pavlenko, Volodymyr Novikov, Hanna Koshlak, Anita Ciosek, and Maryna Moroz. "Comprehensive Investigation of the Thermal Performance of an Electrically Heated Double-Glazed Window: A Theoretical and Experimental Approach." Energies 17, no. 17 (2024): 4491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174491.

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The thermal performance of windows is an important area of research to reduce the energy consumption of buildings and improve indoor comfort. The application of innovative glazing technologies can improve the energy performance of windows and transparent facades, resulting in significant energy savings. This paper presents research results on the energy performance of electrically heated windows. A comprehensive СFD and experimental analysis of the heat transfer processes in a window space depending on the size, power, and location of an electric heater was performed. The convective gas flows
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Konstantinov, Aleksandr, and Maya Lambias Ratnayake. "Calculation of PVC windows for wind loads in high-rise buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302025.

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In the following article we examine problems faced when designing PVC windows for high-rise buildings, which are usually not considered when constructing objects for massive sites, using a high-rise residential complex as an example. We address the matters related to wind loads on windows & statistical calculation of the impact of wind loads on them. We have presented variants of installing load-bearing elements of PVC windows which accept wind loads. We conducted a laboratory experiment by simulating wind loads on the window design, which is actually used for glazing the examined high-ris
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Lin, Yi-An, Ying-Chieh Chan, and Wan-Chen Lee. "Effects of Window Position and Exhaust Flow Rate on Residential Kitchen Hood Performance: A Validated Numerical Approach." Indoor Air 2024 (April 17, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8834373.

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Previous studies showed that opening windows could help with kitchen ventilation in pollutant removal. However, no studies have systematically examined the impacts of window positions on kitchen hood performance, and there is insufficient information on indoor airflow characteristics and pollutant distribution from makeup air through open windows. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use a validated computational fluid dynamics approach with CO2 as an indoor air quality indicator (a surrogate for cooking emissions) to understand the impacts of exhaust flow rate and the window opening
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12

Kyogoku, Sae, and Hideki Takebayashi. "Effects of Upward Reflective Film Applied to Window Glass on Indoor and Outdoor Thermal Environments in a Mid-Latitude City." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043848.

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The effect of upward reflective film applied to a window on the thermal environment inside and outside the window was investigated, considering the reflection and transmission characteristics depending on the angle of incident solar radiation. In terms of controlling the amount of solar radiation on a building’s windows, it is sufficient if the reflected solar radiation returns upward and does not need to be retroreflected in the azimuthal direction. Therefore, in this study, only the incident angle was considered and treated in two dimensions. The amount of incident solar radiation on the ver
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Lei, Yi Bin. "Analysis on the Structure Mechanism of Natural Top Ventilating and Soundproof Bay Windows." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 3215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.3215.

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To reduce noise transmitted by natural soundproof windows, two measures are usually adopted: changing window materials and structures. One of the researches is how to achieve ventilating and acoustic proof effects through changing the window structures of high buildings when ordinary materials are used. In this research, it is studied how to achieve both effects through installing top intakes and small acoustic barriers on bay windows, so to put forward new directions to the research of natural ventilating soundproof windows. In the meantime, it is aimed at providing new solutions to improve s
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Dai, Haocheng. "Front-end Solar Temperature And Humidity Control System." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202021.

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Solid dehumidification is one of the important components of the dehumidification air-conditioning system. As an important method of solid dehumidification, the dehumidification performance and regeneration performance of fixed-bed dehumidification have an important impact on the operation and energy saving of the dehumidification air-conditioning system. In view of the high air temperature and high humidity in South China, our design organically combines dehumidification fixed beds, semiconductor refrigeration devices, foam ceramic insulation panels and double-glazed windows. We have designed
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15

Ren, Jing, and Ming fang Tang. "Study on the Cooling Effect of Window Gardens." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 24009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017224009.

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Window gardens are known to provide a window view with psychological and physiological benefits, whether they can be used for passive cooling of buildings remains to be investigated. This paper aims to supplement the impact of window gardens on the thermal performance of windows, walls, and even indoor air temperatures, which previous research has ignored. A field experiment was conducted for two classrooms with integrated planting troughs outside the windows, with and without living plants. The indoor air temperature and the interior surface temperature of the two classrooms were measured on
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16

Zhang, Yue, Siddig Omer, and Ruichang Hu. "Impact of Window Size Modification on Energy Consumption in UK Residential Buildings: A Feasibility and Simulation Study." Sustainability 17, no. 7 (2025): 3258. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073258.

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This study investigates window renovation strategies for a detached building in Belper, UK, analyzing double- and triple-glazed, vacuum, and low-E vacuum windows with varying gas fillings, pillar radii, and spacing. The results reveal that increasing glass layers reduces energy consumption, while a larger pillar radius decreases efficiency. More pillars improve window performance. For windows with the same U-value, a higher SHGC enhances energy efficiency by maximizing solar heat gain, particularly in colder climates. Conversely, reducing the U-value while maintaining a constant SHGC enhances
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17

Nie, Du-zhong, You-duo Peng, Jian Yan, Cheng-ji Mi, Yong-xiang Liu, and Yong Tian. "Improvement in the Flux Uniformity of the Solar Dish Concentrator System through a Concave Quartz Window." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (April 9, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2421391.

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A nonuniform and high-strength heat flux load would reduce the working efficiency, safety, and in-service life of a cavity receiver. Four types of concave quartz windows, including conical, spherical, sinusoidal, and hyperbolic tangent, were proposed to be used in the cylindrical cavity receiver of a solar dish concentrator system, which can improve the flux uniformity and reduce the peak concentration ratio of the receiver. For each concave quartz window, 36 structural schemes were offered. Based on the Monte Carlo ray-tracing method, the results showed that the nonuniformity coefficient of t
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18

Gamayunova, Olga, Eliza Gumerova, and Nadezda Miloradova. "Smart glass as the method of improving the energy efficiency of high-rise buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302046.

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The question that has to be answered in high-rise building is glazing and its service life conditions. Contemporary market offers several types of window units, for instance, wooden, aluminum, PVC and combined models. Wooden and PVC windows become the most widespread and competitive between each other. In recent times design engineers choose smart glass. In this article, the advantages and drawbacks of all types of windows are reviewed, and the recommendations are given according to choice of window type in order to improve energy efficiency of buildings.
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19

Parsaei, Nastaran, Rana Soleymanpour, Asl Navasar, and Maryam Banaei. "Cultural Pathology of Double Glazed Windows in terms of Environmental Connectivity Culture in Iran." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.198.

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One of the main sustainable products for reducing fuel consumption is a double-glazed window. Despite the positive impacts of these windows in Iran, maybe usage of them has negative effects on environmental connectivity. Environmental connectivity is important in Iranian’s culture in different aspects of privacy and nature relatedness that has influenced the architecture of Windows. The aim of this research is to study the cultural pathology of double glazed windows in today's housing of Iran by analyzing Spearman correlation coefficient. Also, we suggest patterns from traditional windows to i
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20

Song, Jiasen, Guohui Feng, Kailiang Huang, Wen Sun, and Yixian Zhang. "Study on window-opening habit of urban residential buildings in Liaoning province." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601042.

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Residents' window-opening behavior is the most basic method to obtain fresh air and improve the indoor environment, and is also an important factor affecting building energy consumption. The behavior of opening and closing windows of urban residents will be different due to regional differences. However, there are less of the thorough enough research on the time and seasonal habit of residents’ window-opening behavior in Liaoning. This paper investigated the window-opening behavior and its influencing factors of 28 typical urban households in natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation hous
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21

Moghaddam, Saman Abolghasemi, Magnus Mattsson, Arman Ameen, Jan Akander, Manuel Gameiro Da Silva, and Nuno Simões. "Low-Emissivity Window Films as an Energy Retrofit Option for a Historical Stone Building in Cold Climate." Energies 14, no. 22 (2021): 7584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227584.

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Low-emissivity (low-E) window films are designed to improve the thermal comfort and energy performance of buildings. These films can be applied to different glazing systems without having to change the whole window. This makes it possible to apply films to windows in old and historical buildings for which preservation regulations often require that windows should remain unchanged. This research aims to investigate the impacts of low-E window films on the energy performance and thermal comfort of a three-story historical stone building in the cold climate of Sweden using the simulation software
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22

Jain, Shruti, and Mr Dinesh Kumar Verma. "Comparison of Various Window Functions Used in FIR Filter Designing." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 3 (2013): 902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v8i3.3401.

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In this study, 2-parameter cosh window is modified to improve its spectral characteristic in terms of the ripple ratio by proposing a new additional parameter. It is observed that an increase in the new parameter results in wider mainlobe width and smaller ripple ratio. By choosing the suitable combinations of the two adjustable parameters for the proposed modified window, the optimum windows that yield the minimum ripple ratio for N=51 and N=101 are .found. Simulation results show that the filters designed by proposed 3-parameter Cosh window provide higher quality in terms of the minimum stop
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Pavlenko, Anatoliy M., and Karolina Sadko. "Evaluation of Numerical Methods for Predicting the Energy Performance of Windows." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031425.

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Windows are important structural components that determine the energy efficiency of buildings. A significant parameter in windows technology is the overall heat transfer coefficient, U. This paper analyzes the methods of numerical determination of the U-value, including for windows that use passive technologies to improve thermal performance. The analysis was intended to evaluate the heat flux and temperature distribution across glazed surfaces and the accuracy of traditional approaches to the determination of heat loss through window structures. The results were obtained using the heat flux m
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Ongkittikul, Surachai, Wachirapong Kesjindatanawaj, and Sanun Srisuk. "Multi-Window and Line Scan Histogram Features for Bilateral Filtering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.547.

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Bilateral filtering is the crucial process to enhance the image. This paper aims to improve the bilateral filtering base on the multi-window and line scan histogram scheme. The multi-windows histogram has been introduced to solve the problem when apply to large image by using a number of the window histogram with different weight to estimate the domain filtering function. Anyway, the complexity of this algorithm is increase by multiply of the number ofmwindows histogram that use for estimating the domain filtering. To improve this, our algorithm that based on the multi-windows histogram is pro
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Shah, Bipin, Mahabir Bhandari, and Mengjia Tang. "Importance of Window Installation in Residential Building Envelopes Having Continuous External Insulation in Order to Realize Energy Efficiency." Energies 17, no. 17 (2024): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174273.

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Residential buildings are one of the prime candidates in the United States for reducing energy consumption. Continuous exterior insulation (CEI) is being used increasingly often in residential buildings to improve energy efficiency. Windows constitute 15–40% of a building envelope and are the weakest component in energy performance. The installation of windows in walls with CEI has not been well evaluated. We identified four cases of installing windows in walls with CEI of 25–76 mm (1–3 in.) thickness and analyzed the energy loss between the window and wall interface (flanking loss), structura
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Wang, Zhong Hua. "Heat Transfer Analysis and Energy-Saving Methods of the Exterior Windows in the Northern Area." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1233.

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In this paper, ways of heat transfer through windows and doors between the indoor and outdoor environment in the northern area are summarized. And every heat transfer way is described by mathematical formula. On this basis, methods to improve the energy saving performance of exterior windows are put forward according to factors affecting heat transfer through windows. The first method is increasing solar radiation heat, and then reducing heat loss by infiltration, and increasing the thermal resistance as much as possible. Ideal form of energy-saving window is proposed based on compared windows
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Hendinata, Laurentius Kevin, Nur Abdillah Siddiq, Ahmad Ilham Rokhul Fikri, Michael Alfano Suprapto, and Ribka Prilia. "Passive Window Energy Performance in Buildings: Modeling of Apartment Buildings in Indonesia." Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 2, no. 2 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v2i2.6729.

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Along with urban growth in urban areas and energy consumption, which continues to increase every year, the selection of windows in the initial design is essential to obtain buildings that are not energy intensive. Selecting the correct window in the blueprint design reduces building energy consumption. Smart windows, especially thermochromic windows, are one of the most promising window technologies because they are the most economical and have passive control with zero energy input, which holds good promise for energy-saving applications. Apart from that, double-glazing windows are also frequ
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Kawanishi, Hideaki, Mitsuru Ida, Shinobu Kaito, et al. "Can a simulated window improve the ward environment? A survey of patient, carer and staff perspectives." British Journal of Healthcare Management 29, no. 9 (2023): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2022.0115.

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Background/Aims Simulated windows displaying images of the outside world can help to reduce emotional stress. This study investigated the effect of a simulated window on perceptions of the environment in a hospital ward among patients, family members, nurses and doctors. Methods A total of 48 participants (12 patients, 12 family members, 12 doctors and 12 nurses) were recruited from a four-bed patient room in a neurological ward in Japan. A 12-item questionnaire was administered, with participants rating their agreement with 11 statements about the room's simulated window on a 5-point Likert s
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Charles, Chime. "EFFECT OF WINDOWS CONFIGURATION IN WALL PANELS ON ROOM TEMPERATURE IN NATURALLY VENTILATED RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ASABA, NIGERIA." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 4 (2022): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i04.044.

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The type of windows configuration in residential building influences the amount of radiation that enters into the interior occupied spaces. The level of comfort or discomfort experienced within the buildings is thus hinged on the type of window configuration in the building facade. There are different window configurations in the study area, and the environmental designers or architects use any of the window type in spite to its implication on thermal comfort aspect of the building. Physical measurements and questionnaire were conducted in naturally ventilated residential buildings, to investi
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Yu. S. Riabinina and T. Yu. Tsyfra. "Energy-saving window systems: types, development, comparisons and perspectives." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency, no. 45 (October 16, 2020): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2020.45.57-70.

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The tendency to use natural resources is decreasing; energy conservation and ecosystems are taking the first positions. Therefore, the use of glass finishing of buildings has become a starting point in the search for new technologies to save energy use, reduce the need for air conditioning and additional lighting. The developed smart glass is an advanced type of glass that can change transparency depending on different conditions, or convert sunlight into electricity that can be used for human needs. The work examines the appearance of the first types of smart windows, and further development
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Fan, Guo Chen, Yong Li Zhu, Hong Wei Yan, and Yan Feng Gao. "Fault Location Scheme for Transmission Lines Using Kaiser Self-Convolution Windowed FFT Phase Comparison." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.659.

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In order to improve the fault location accuracy, and eliminate the influence of spectral leakage in power transmission line fault location, we proposed a novel fault location scheme for transmission lines based on multi-measurements and phase comparison with Kaiser self-convolution windows FFT, which can locate the fault between two adjacent towers in the fault-prone segment. It is based Kaiser self-convolution window's excellent performance of leakage suppression, which can effectively solve the phase current fault component is relatively large errors due to spectral leakage problem. Firstly,
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Kalbe, Kristo, and Targo Kalamees. "Influence of Window Details on the Energy Performance of an nZEB." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 24, no. 1 (2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.24.1.23234.

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One of the largest sources of heat loss in buildings are the windows. However, windows are alsoimportant to increase solar heat gain and provide daylight. It is necessary to understand how windowdetails influence the energy performance of very energy efficient houses. This is valuable informationfor the design decision making process and may lead to further research or product development. Thispaper examines the influence of window frame thermal transmittance, window frame width and windowinstallation depth on the energy demand of the building. A single-family prefabricated timber nZEBlocated
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Li, M., J. G. Gao, T. Li, G. D. Liu, C. C. Hu, and Y. Q. Liu. "Modeling and analyzing patterns of residential manual window operation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1372, no. 1 (2024): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012094.

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Abstract Window operating behaviour can improve indoor air quality, human thermal comfort, and building energy efficiency. Studies on occupants’ window opening behaviour in hot summer and warm winter region of China are limited and influencing factors and prediction models are not clear. Another limitation is the large number of proposed machine learning-based window opening behaviour models. However, the applicability and stability of these models in different datasets has not been proven. In response to these questions, modelling and field measurements were conducted in Quanzhou, China. Two
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Farhana Ahmed and Sarder Mohammad Hafijur Rahman. "Effect of window openings on indoor air quality and CO₂ concentration in classrooms: A Case Study of Primary School, Dhaka." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 14, no. 1 (2025): 400–409. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.14.1.0013.

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Abstract. This study investigates the impact of window openings on indoor air quality (IAQ) and CO₂ levels in school classrooms in Dhaka, focusing on natural ventilation strategies to improve the learning environment. The importance of effective window design in controlling CO₂ concentrations and enhancing ventilation is critical, particularly in tropical climates like Dhaka's, where indoor air quality is often compromised due to inadequate ventilation. The study aims to explore the effect of window size and ventilation on CO₂ levels, comparing classrooms with different window configurations t
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Chan, Pak Yeung, Chi-Chung Cheung, Shiu Keung Tang, and Kwok Wai Mui. "Active sound transmission reduction across acoustic window." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023562.

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In this study, the experimental method of transfer functions is employed to investigate the possibility of improving the sound transmission loss of acoustic windows using an active control technique. Twenty-five microphones, 20 of them located evenly over the acoustic window's indoor exit (provide error signals) and 5 fixed in the receiver room (capture the transmitted sound), and 19 small loudspeakers were used in the experiments. The loudspeakers acted as the canceling sources, and they were located along the window's interior perimeter (except the bottom part). The receiver room was made re
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Chao, Quangui, Rui Zhang, Yong Wang, Bingchuan Xie, and Xiaobo Lin. "Design and analysis of the output windows of a doorknob structure for high-power P-band klystron." AIP Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 115122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0111416.

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This article presents the design, analysis, and simulation for the klystron coaxial radio frequency (RF) output windows. Three new RF windows (Type-2, 3, and 4) are proposed based on the coaxial RF window with a doorknob structure (Type-1) to improve its performances. The proposed RF windows are simulated in high frequency simulator structure. At the operating frequency, the return loss are obtained as −49, −60, −56, and −52 dB, and the insert loss as −0.003 62, −0.002 51, −0.002 74, and −0.003 dB, respectively, for Type1, 2, 3, and 4. Moreover, for Type-1, the E-field near the short-circuit s
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Ratushnyak, Georgiy S., and Volodymyr V. Pankevych. "IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE SAFETY OF WINDOWS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A BLAST WAVE." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 35, no. 2 (2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2023-2-42-48.

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The article is devoted to the definition and identification of the main factors that determine the safety of residential windows with regard to the blast wave. The author analyzes the regulatory framework that defines the requirements for the safety of window structures in the design of residential buildings. It has been determined that the building codes of Ukraine regulate and standardize two aspects of window safety: protection against intrusion by unauthorized persons and protection against people falling out of residential buildings. The issue of window safety in the event of a blast wave
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Zhou, Hong Tao. "Study of Exterior Window’s Energy-Saving Design for the Residential Buildings in Severe Cold Region." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.49.

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Measure the temperature of exterior window and surrounding walls’ inner surface, and measure interior air temperature to analyze the effect, which was brought to building energy consumption and interior thermal conditions by the exterior window of the building; studied several details of exterior window design, and proposes a method, which is separately controlling the heat-transfer coefficient according to different orientation, room’s positions and room’s functions while designing the exterior windows, in order to improve the interior thermal conditions and reduce energy consumption of the r
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Ayu Lestari, Rany, and Unan Yusmaniar Oktiawati. "Full state feedback and feed forward control of servo smart window using MATLAB/Simulink." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 3 (2022): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i3.pp1355-1362.

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<p>House as a place to carry out daily activities requires healthy air. The right step to improve air circulation is to use smart window. A control system method is needed so that smart windows can automate air circulation better. Temperature sensor will determine the minimum, maximum, and opening size of the smart window in order to perform the function of opening and closing effectively. Servo motors are used as actuators in the process of opening - closing windows. In this research, the full state feedback and feed forward control method are used to determine the best control theory f
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Lestari, Rany Ayu, and Unan Yusmaniar Oktiawati. "Full state feedback and feed forward control of servo smart window using MATLAB/Simulink." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 3 (2022): 1355–62. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i3.pp1355-1362.

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House as a place to carry out daily activities requires healthy air. The right step to improve air circulation is to use smart window. A control system method is needed so that smart windows can automate air circulation better. Temperature sensor will determine the minimum, maximum, and opening size of the smart window in order to perform the function of opening and closing effectively. Servo motors are used as actuators in the process of opening-closing windows. In this research, the full state feedback and feed forward control method are used to determine the best control theory for servo mo
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41

Hammood, Husam, Ameer H Ali, and Nabil Jalil Aklo. "The Effect of Sample Size on the Interpolation Algorithm of Frequency Estimation." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 21, no. 1 (2024): 156–61. https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.21.1.15.

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Fast and accurate frequency estimation is essential in various engineering applications, including control systems, communications, and resonance sensing systems. This study investigates the effect of sample size on the interpolation algorithm of frequency estimation. In order to enhance the accuracy of frequency estimation and performance, we describe a novel method that provides a number of approaches for calculating and defending the sample size for of the window function designs, whereas, the correct choice of the type and the size of the window function makes it possible to reduce the err
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Yang, Jing, and Wen Fang Zhang. "The Seismic Performance Analysis of Brick Masonry Wall between Windows with Central Reinforced Concrete Constructional Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1221.

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To research the seismic performance and failure mode of longitudinal independent brick masonry wall between or not between windows with setting central reinforced concrete constructional columns under the lateral function and vertical load, this paper used ABAQUS finite element analysis software to model the walls between or not between windows and be in stress analysis, obtaining the reaction force- displacement curve of loading location and the maximum horizontal displacement at the top of wall. Calculate and compare the shear strength and flexural capacity of walls. The results show that th
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43

Shi, Shaohang, and Ning Zhu. "Challenges and Optimization of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Windows: A Review." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (2023): 15876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215876.

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PV windows are seen as potential candidates for conventional windows. Improving the comprehensive performance of PV windows in terms of electrical, optical, and heat transfer has received increasing attention. This paper reviews the development of BIPV façade technologies and summarizes the related experimental and simulation studies. Based on the results of the literature research, the average comprehensive energy-saving rate of BIPV façades can reach 37.18%. Furthermore, limitations and optimization directions of photovoltaic integrated shading devices (PVSDs), photovoltaic double-skin façad
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Ermolenko, M. V., O. A. Stepanova, Zh K. Akishov, A. D. Amandinova, and V. E. Karpov. "ON THE ISSUE OF STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF DOUBLE-GLAZED WINDOWS ON THE TOTAL HEAT LOSS OF BUILDINGS." Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences, no. 1(17) (March 29, 2025): 323–28. https://doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2025-1(17)-41.

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Issues of the effective functioning of life support systems are always relevant and are reflected in the works of leading scientists. Consideration of the possibilities of reducing heat loss at all stages of transportation and operation is a promising direction in modern research. Heat supply refers to energy-intensive processes, heat losses in various areas are inevitable, so it is necessary to develop and improve measures that will minimize these losses and increase the efficiency of heat use. Calculations of heat losses are regulated by regulatory documents. Heat losses in buildings include
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Sharma, Surya, and Adam Hoover. "Top-Down Detection of Eating Episodes by Analyzing Large Windows of Wrist Motion Using a Convolutional Neural Network." Bioengineering 9, no. 2 (2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9020070.

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In this work, we describe a new method to detect periods of eating by tracking wrist motion during everyday life. Eating uses hand-to-mouth gestures for ingestion, each of which lasts a few seconds. Previous works have detected these gestures individually and then aggregated them to identify meals. The novelty of our approach is that we analyze a much longer window (0.5–15 min) using a convolutional neural network. Longer windows can contain other gestures related to eating, such as cutting or manipulating food, preparing foods for consumption, and resting between ingestion events. The context
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TAN, Johann Kay Ann, and Siu-Kit LAU. "Generalization of noise insulation afforded by common window designs with active noise control exposed to moving noise source." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 10 (2024): 1108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_2780.

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A window device that can provide noise insulation while maintaining natural ventilation is highly desirable and is especially sought after in heavily noise-polluted and hot-humid climates cities, such as Southeast Asian cities. However, a solution to provide such a window is non-trivial because the design principles guiding acoustics and ventilation are diametrically opposed. While louvre windows have traditionally been used in communal, healthcare, and some educational setting to provide a balance between acoustics and ventilation benefits, it is still sorely lacking to provide sufficient ins
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Andrae, Matthias, Jan Dirk van der Woerd, Matthias Wagner, Achim Pietzsch, and Norbert Gebbeken. "Mitigating Blast Hazards: Experimental Evaluation of Anti-Shatter Films and Catcher-Cable Systems on Conventional Windows." Buildings 14, no. 3 (2024): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030767.

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In light of terrorist attacks and accidents, the need for structural protection against explosive events has increased significantly in recent decades. Conventional unprotected windows pose a particularly high risk of injury to building occupants due to glass fragments and window frames being propelled into the interior and exterior of a building. This article addresses new experimental research on the protection of conventional single casement windows with insulating glass units (double-paned) and window frames made of un-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) against blast loads. Entire windo
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M, Selvakumar. "Fabrication of Vehicle Safety using Power Window Mechanism." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 2795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51966.

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Abstract: The fabrication of a vehicle safety system using power window mechanisms aims to improve the safety features of automobiles by utilizing the existing power window mechanism and various sensors. The system is designed to provide additional safety measures in case of accidents, emergencies, or dangerous situations by automatically activating the power windows and opening the vehicle doors.The proposed safety system incorporates a tilt sensor, water sensor, air quality sensor, fire sensor, gas sensor, and a control unit that work together to detect and respond to various emergency scena
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Tan, Johann K., and Siu-Kit LAU. "Application of active noise control for plenum window in a domestic setting." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018016.

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Plenum windows, also known as ventilation windows allow for natural ventilation in living spaces while providing noise reduction to improve the health and living comfort of occupants, especially in noise polluted and tropical/sub-tropical cities. However, while plenum windows can provide acceptable levels of natural ventilation, the passive noise performance of plenum windows when fully opened is still lacking compared to the conventional closed windows at low frequencies. Active noise control (ANC) has been shown to provide good performance in several applications in low-frequencycontrol. Thu
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Asgharian Pournodrati, Lida, Mohammad Mahdi Baba, Jannis Gangelhoff, and Uwe Sörgel. "Multi-scale Transformer-based classification of bathymetric LiDAR data in shallow water environments." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-2/W10-2025 (July 7, 2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w10-2025-1-2025.

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Abstract. Bathymetric LiDAR data plays a crucial role in mapping underwater topography, enabling applications in coastal monitoring, environmental assessment, and seabed classification. However, the inherent complexity and noise in 3D bathymetric point clouds pose challenges for accurate classification. To address this, we propose a voxel-based method for efficient classification of bathymetric LiDAR data, moving beyond traditional point-wise processing of unstructured point sets. In our approach, 3D points are aggregated into structured voxel grids, and their features are embedded within each
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