Relevant bibliographies by topics / Improved performance fee system

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Improved performance fee system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Improved performance fee system"

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Porter, J. David, David S. Kim, Hector A. Vergara, et al. "Development and Performance Evaluation of a Revenue Collection System Based on Vehicle Miles Traveled." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1932, no. 1 (2005): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193200102.

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The State of Oregon is heavily dependent on fuel tax revenues to maintain roads. Several technological developments, including the introduction and use of more fuel-efficient vehicles, will have a dramatic effect on fuel tax revenues in the near future. In response to these trends, Oregon House Bill 3946 mandates that the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) begin implementing pilot systems to test alternatives to the current system of taxing highway use through fuel taxes. The Road User Fee Task Force (RUFTF) was created as part of the bill with the mission of “developing a revenue collection design funded through user pay methods, acceptable and visible to the public, that ensures a flow of revenue sufficient to annually maintain, preserve and improve Oregon's state, county and city highway and road system.” One alternative being considered by the RUFTF employs a fee based on vehicle miles traveled (VMT). This paper describes the development of two working VMT-based prototype technology configurations. This development effort was necessary because commercial-off-the-shelf technology with the functionality required by RUFTF was not available. Multiple concepts for on-vehicle mileage collection devices (using both odometer and Global Positioning System technology) and systems for fee calculation and collection were developed, integrated, and tested as part of the two prototype technology configurations. Results indicate that a VMT-based fee collected via radio frequency communications at service stations is technologically feasible.
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Yasmine, Ihedrane, El Bekkali Chakib, and Bossoufi Badre. "Improved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speed." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 4 (2018): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1875-1890.

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<span lang="EN-US">The following article presents the control of the power generated by the Doubly Fed Induction Generator, integrated into the wind system, whose rotor is linked to the power converters (Rotor Side Convert (RSC) and Grid Side Converter (GSC)) interfaced by the DC-BUS and connected to the grid via a filter (Rf, Lf) in order to obtain an optimal power to the grid and to ensure system stability. The objective of this study is to understand and to make the comparison between Sliding mode Control technique and the Flux Oriented Control in order to control the Doubly Fed Induction Generator powers exchanged with the grid, it also aims at maintaining the DC-BUS voltage constant and a unit power factor at the grid connection point.The results of simulation show the performance of the Sliding mode Control in terms of monitoring, and robustness with regard to the parametric variations, compared to the Flux Oriented Control. The performance of the systems was tested and compared with the use of MATLAB/Simulink software.</span>
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Xiao, Gan. "Improved Control Strategy of Grid Side Rectifier for the Double-Fed Wind Power System." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 2143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2143.

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In the double-fed wind power system, gird voltage sags would result in some serious problems such as a fluctuation of the DC-link voltage, an instantaneous energy feedback from turbine side to grid side, which affected the steady performance of the wind power system. According to these problems, a dynamic feed forward control strategy based on the traditional feed forward control was studied, with an inhibition of above disturbances. MATLAB simulation and DSP experiments verify the effectiveness of the improved control strategy.
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Nur Hidayah, Arlina Dewi, OU Jen-ho, and Qurratul Aini. "THE NEED TO REFORM THE HOSPITAL PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 19, no. 2 (2019): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.19/no.2/art.197.

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One of the crucial health policies in hospitals is about physician payment methods. Indonesia had implemented the National Health Assurance since 2014 to achieve Universal Health Coverage by 2019. Most of hospital revenue is packaging from the National Health Insurance Agent (called BPJS). However, Fee-for-service (FFS) payment method is still dominant in many hospitals. How can hospitals make policy to rearrange the payment method to attain hospital performance? The purpose of this research is to analyze the payment system that can improve employee satisfaction and performances. Mix method was used to collect data and make an interpretation. Data collected from 185 respondents and four key informants. The result showed that the policy in private and public hospitals in Indonesia of the physician payment is diverse. Most of the hospitals use the pure FFS for self-employee physicians (part timer employee). For full time employee, they applied FFS mixed with salary, or remuneration. To improve employee satisfaction and performance, the hospitals should make a policy to link the FFS to pay for performances. The hospital should make the tailoring program by involving the physician in a designing method of the hospital remuneration.
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IHEDRANE, Yasmine, Chakib El Bekkali, Madiha El Ghamrasni, Sara Mensou, and Badre Bossoufi. "Improved wind system using non-linear power control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 3 (2019): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1148-1158.

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<p>This article, present a new contribution to the control of wind energy systems, a robust nonlinear control of active and reactive power with the use of the Backstepping and Sliding Mode Control approach based on a doubly fed Induction Generator power (DFIG-Generator) in order to reduce the response time of the wind system. In the first step, a control strategy of the MPPT for the extraction of the maximum power of the turbine generator is presented. Subsequently, the Backstepping control technique followed by the sliding mode applied to the wind systems will be presented. These two types of control system rely on the stability of the system using the LYAPUNOV technique. Simulation results show performance in terms of set point tracking, stability and robustness versus wind speed variation. </p>
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Song, Ran, Sue Sinn, Rob Musser, and Kim Friesen. "149 A bioactive, mineral-based feed additive improved growth performance in commercial nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.149.

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Abstract NutriQuest Protect™(NQP) is a bioactive mineral-based feed additive that helps control enteric bacteria in nursery pigs. Previous studies have shown feeding NQP improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea in weanling pigs experimentally challenged with E. coli F18 or K88. Six experiments were conducted following the same procedure to evaluate the effect of feeding NQP on growth performance of commercial nursery pigs. In each experiment, weanling pigs (weaning BW = 5.4 ± 0.05 kg) were housed in pens (27 pigs per pen) randomly assigned to either a control diet (CON) or a diet containing NQP at 2.0 g/kg, resulting in 106 replicated pens per treatment over six experiments. Pigs were fed their respective experimental diets for 22–26 d post-weaning in a two-phase feeding program. Five out of the 6 experiments did not utilize feed medications or pharmacological ZnO supplementation. Data from the six experiments were compiled for meta-analysis using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Pigs fed NQP had greater ADG in each of the six experiments, ranging from a 2.3 to 18.1% improvement, with the meta-analysis showing an average of 7.6% improvement compared with CON (0.22 vs. 0.20 kg/d, P < 0.001). The higher growth rate resulted in 0.3 kg heavier pig BW at the end of the experiment for NQP-fed pigs compared with CON-fed pigs (10.8 vs. 10.5 kg, P = 0.001). Pig ADFI of the NQP treatment was also greater in each of the six experiments with the meta-analysis showing an average of 4.4% improvement compared with CON (0.33 vs. 0.31 kg/d, P < 0.001). Additionally, feed efficiency (G/F) was 3.0% higher in pigs fed NQP compared with CON (0.65 vs. 0.67, P = 0.001). Results from the six experiments indicate that including NQP in the diet of weanling pigs improves growth performance in a commercial production system.
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Beever, D. E., and P. T. Doyle. "Feed conversion efficiency as a key determinant of dairy herd performance: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 6 (2007): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06048.

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This paper focuses on dairy herd performance in the United Kingdom and southern Australia, where feed costs have been estimated to comprise between 40 and 67% of the total costs of production. The efficiency of conversion of grazed pasture, home grown forages and purchased feeds into milk has a major bearing on farm profit. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE), defined as ‘kg milk of standardised composition with respect to protein and fat concentrations produced per kg feed dry matter consumed’, is a useful measure of the performance of a farm feeding system, but is seldom used by dairy farmers. It could also be defined as ‘g protein plus fat produced per kg feed dry matter consumed’, given that farmers are often paid for these components. The value of estimating FCE on an annual or shorter-term basis is discussed in relation to accepted principles of feed utilisation and dairy cow energy requirements. The implications of feed intake, conversion of ingested nutrients into absorbed nutrients and the subsequent utilisation of these nutrients for milk production or other purposes, as well as the effects of stage of lactation on FCE, are reviewed. Measuring FCE and identifying opportunities for improvement is relatively straightforward in housed feeding systems, but is more problematic under grazing. Hence, approaches and the key assumptions in estimating FCE in grazing situations, as well as possible limitations of these estimates, are discussed. Finally, a case study examining the potential impact of improved nutritional strategies on FCE and on margin over feed costs is presented. It is concluded that, to remain profitable, dairy farmers need to have a sound knowledge of cow nutrition, along with appropriate measures of FCE to monitor the performance of their milk production system. Such indicators of the biological performance of the farming system are most useful when used in conjunction with appropriate measures of economic performance.
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Akhter, A., SC Das, MS Hasan, et al. "Growth performance of local and genetically improved chicken of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 47, no. 2 (2018): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v47i2.40247.

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The experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance among four genotypes of indigenous chicken namely Non-descriptive Native (ND), genetically Improved Native (IN), Hilly (HC) and Naked Neck (NN) of Bangladesh under free-range rearing system. A total of 288 day old chicks (DOC) from four genotypes were divided into four treatments having eight replications of each for a period of 12 weeks under free-range system with supplementation of commercial broiler diet. During first 4 weeks, all chicks were kept together, whereas chicks of ND was brooded in the same room but separated by a partition. At 5 weeks of age chicks were randomly distributed to the selected farmers. Growth parameters were recorded to determine the comparative growth performance among four genotypes of chicken. The highest body weight (1110.76 g/bird) was achieved by HC, followed by IN (900.63 g/bird) and NN (831.13 g/bird) at 12 weeks of age. The lowest body weight (734.13 g/bird) however was found in ND chicken. During the growing period under free range rearing (5-12 weeks), HC group consumed the highest amount of feed (2697.02 g/bird) with an average FCR of 3.06 while the lowest feed consumption (2666.13 g/bird) with the highest FCR of 4.90 was observed in ND. IN consumed (2674.63 g/bird) feed with an average FCR of 3.92 and BLRI improved NN consumed (2668.13 g/bird) feed with an average FCR of 4.19. Live weight gains in all the four genotypes of indigenous chicken were changed almost in a similar pattern. Significant differences were observed in live weight, dressing percentage, breast meat, drumstick, thigh meat among the four genotypes of chicken. The HC was superior to other genotypes of indigenous chicken including ND in terms of growth performance, meat yield characteristics and net returns. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (2):76-84
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Mohammadifardi, Hamed, Mark A. Knight, and Andre A. J. Unger. "Sustainability Assessment of Asset Management Decisions for Wastewater Infrastructure Systems—Development of a System Dynamic Model." Systems 7, no. 2 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems7020026.

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This paper presents the development of a novel system dynamics (SD) model for better understanding the interrelation and feedback mechanism between the wastewater collection (WWC) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) systems. Causal loop diagrams (CLDs) are developed and discussed to depict and understand feedback and inter-connections between physical, financial, and consumer sectors. The developed SD model is then extended to include the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as a proxy for the environmental sector and for an environmental sustainability assessment of strategic decisions related to asset management planning of wastewater infrastructure system. It also adds new policy levers, such as population growth and urban densification in the social sector, and minimum fee-hike rates in the finance sector to enhance the representation of real-world conditions in the asset management planning. This new SD model will enable decision-makers to assess the sustainability impacts of their strategic decisions on wastewater systems, find synergistic cost-saving opportunities, and improve the sustainability performance of their asset management plans.
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Tey, Wei Kang, Che Fai Yeong, Yip Loon Seow, Eileen Lee Ming Su, and Swee Ho Tang. "Low Cost Sensor Data Fusion in Omnidirectional Mobile Robot Feedback System to Improve the Navigation Accuracy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.791.

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Omnidirectional mobile robot has gained popularity among researchers. However, omnidirectional mobile robot is rarely been applied in industry field especially in the factory which is relatively more dynamic than normal research setting condition. Hence, it is very important to have a stable yet reliable feedback system to allow a more efficient and better performance controller on the robot. In order to ensure the reliability of the robot, many of the researchers use high cost solution in the feedback of the robot. For example, there are researchers use global camera as feedback. This solution has increases the cost of the robot setup fee to a relatively high amount. The setup system is also hard to modify and lack of flexibility. In this paper, a novel sensor fusion technique is proposed and the result is discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Improved performance fee system"

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Alayli, Berna. "Land Use Optimization For Improved Transportation System Performance, Case Study:ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608186/index.pdf.

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This thesis investigates the effects of urban land use on transportation system performance in terms of various land use factors such as density, mixed or single land use, jobs-housing balance, street patterns, transit accessibility. Reviewed studies show that urban land use has considerable effects on transportation system performance measures which are average travel distances per person, level of service, air quality, gasoline consumption etc. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that one of the basic reasons behind increasing auto dependency and outcoming problems in recent years is lack of coordination between land use and transportation system. The obtained results are used to analyze land use impacts on transportation system of Ankara. Urban transportation planning decisions, deficiencies in implementation and resulted problems are discussed in terms of land use and transportation interaction. Possible land use regulations which can contribute to relieve transportation problems of Ankara are proposed.
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Calla, Chaitanya. "Two layered ballast system for improved performance of railway track." Thesis, Coventry University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402705.

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Ro, Raymond I. (Raymond Ian) 1971. "An evolutionary approach to improved performance of merged companies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91744.

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Pang, Yihan. "Leveraging Processor-diversity For Improved Performance In Heterogeneous-ISA Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95299.

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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effectiveness of executing High Performance Computing (HPC) workloads on multiprocessors with heterogeneous Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) cores. ISA-heterogeneity in processor designs provides a unique dimension for researchers to explore performance benefits through diversity in design choices. Additionally, each application has a natural preference to one processor in a selected group of processors (we defined this term as processor-preference), and processor-preference is highly affected by processor design choices. Thus, a system with heterogeneous-ISA cores offers an intriguing design perspective, packing heterogeneous-ISA cores in the same processor or system that compensate each other in dynamic workload scenarios. This thesis considers dynamic migrating applications with different processor-preferences across ISA-different cores to exploit the potential of this idea. With SIMD instructions getting more attention from chip designers, this thesis also presents the necessary modifications for a general compiler/run-time infrastructure to transform the dynamic program state of SIMD regions at run-time from one ISA format to another for cross-ISA migration and execution. Lastly, this thesis presents a processor-preference-aware scheduling policy that makes dynamic cross-ISA migration decisions that improve overall system throughput compared to homogeneous-ISA systems. This thesis prototypes a heterogeneous-ISA system using an Intel Xeon Gold 5118 x86-64 server and a Cavium ThunderX ARMv8 server and evaluates the effectiveness of our infrastructure and scheduling policy. Our results reveal that heterogeneous-ISA systems that are processor-preference-aware and with cross-ISA execution migration capability can yield throughput gains up to 36\% compared to traditional homogeneous ISA systems.
Master of Science
The author of this thesis has a family full of non-engineers. To persuade family members that the work of this thesis is meaningful, aka the author is not procrastinating in school, the author decided to draw an analogy between processors and cars. Suppose in an alternative universe, cars (systems) can be powered by engines (processors) that uses two different fuel-sources (ISAs): gasoline or electric (single-ISA) processors but not both (heterogeneous-ISA). Car manufacturers (chip designers) can build engines with different design choices (processors with varying design options): engines combined with turbochargers for gasoline-powered cars, high-performance batteries combined with energy-efficient batteries for electric-powered cars (added extended instruction sets, CPU designs that target vastly different use cases, etc.). However, each design choice is limited to improving performance for a specific type of fuel-source based engine. For example, having battery alternatives has no performance impact on gasoline-powered engines. As time passes by, car manufacturers have exhausted options to make a drastic improvement to their existing engine designs (limited performance gains in recent chips). To tackle this problem, in this thesis, the author first examined the usage of cars: driving on the road (running applications). The author's study found that no single engine is suitable for all routes (no single processor is good for all workloads), and cars powered by different fuel-source based engines showed a significant diversity in performance (application performance varies drastically between systems with processors built on different ISAs). Gasoline-powered cars perform well on high-speed roads, whereas electric-powered cars perform well on low-speed roads. Unfortunately, in real life, a person's commute (a workload of applications) consists of a mixture of high-speed roads and low-speed roads, and one cannot know the exact percentage of each kind of path they travel (exact application composition in a workload) beforehand. Therefore it is challenging for a person to make the correct car selection for the incoming commute (choose the right system for a workload). This thesis tries to solve this commuting problem by building a car that has multiple engines fitted to suit different road needs (systems with processors that have vastly different use cases). This thesis looks at a particular dimension of combining various fuel-powered engines in the same car (a system with heterogeneous-ISA processors). The author believes that adding diversity in fuel-powered engine selections provide an exciting dimension in car design choices (adding ISA-heterogeneity in processors provide a unique dimension in system design). Thus, this thesis focuses on estimating a theoretical multi fuel-powered car's performance by combining two different fuel-powered cars into a single mega-car using some framework (Popcorn Linux). This framework allows this mega-car to be driven by a combined fuel source with fuel intake freely transfer between fuel-sources (cross-ISA migration and execution) based on road conditions (application encountered). Based on the evaluation of this new prototype, the author finds that in a real-life scenario (workload with mixed application combination), cars with multiple fuel-source based engines have better performance than two single fuel-source based cars (systems with heterogeneous-ISAs processors perform better than systems with homogeneous-ISAs processors). The author hopes that this study can help build the foundation for the development of hybrid cars (system with heterogeneous-ISAs in the same processor) in the future as well as the consideration of modifying existing car into a mega-car with multiple engines suited for different road needs for improved commute performance for now. Ultimately, this thesis is not about cars. The author hopes that by explaining the research done in this paper through cars, general audiences can understand what this work is trying to investigate and what solution they have provided. In this work, we investigate the potential of a system with heterogeneous-ISA processors. This thesis prototypes one such system and finds that heterogeneous-ISA systems have performance benefits than traditional homogeneous-ISA systems over a series of experiment evaluations.
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Larsson, Hanna, and Daniel Gustafsson. "On fees and performance in the premium pension system : A study of the determinants of mutual fund fee and risk-adjusted return within the Swedish premium pension system." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138087.

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Pension is a subject that soon or later affects all individuals in society. Within the premium pension system mutual fund fees are an important factor to consider since it can erode savings. This study investigates fees and performance of all mutual funds that existed in the premium pension system (PPS) between 2004 and 2016. Risk-adjusted performance and fees are adjusted to reflect the discount that is given for fees within the premium pension system to reflect actual investor experiences. The data needed to make these adjustments were obtained from the Swedish Pension Agency. The main purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a relationship between fee and risk-adjusted return within the Swedish premium pension system. Further on this study aims to explain what mutual fund characteristics can be used to predict performance and fees within the premium pension system.Theories used in this study are efficient market hypothesis, agency theory, behavioral finance, economies of scale and portfolio theory. The factors from the Carhart 4-factor model is used to construct the factor model utilized in this study to estimate risk-adjusted returns. This study adapts a quantitative research method and panel data regressions were conducted to determine how fee and risk-adjusted performance is related to various mutual fund characteristics. Hausman tests were conducted to evaluate if the fixed effects model or random effects model was the most appropriate to use. The result of the Hausman test proved that fixed effect model was the most appropriate model to use.This study will draw conclusions about whether the fee that the mutual fund companies charge can be justified given their risk-adjusted performance. The results for the sample of all mutual funds and the sample of equity funds imply that there exists a positive relationship between fee after discount and performance. Therefore, mutual funds in the premium pension system compensate for increasing fees with a higher risk-adjusted return. The sample of balanced funds differs since there is a negative relationship between risk-adjusted returns and fees. This study finds that size is a determinant of risk-adjusted performance, with larger mutual fund performing better than smaller funds. Because of this finding, it can be concluded that economies of scale do exist among the mutual funds in the premium pension system. Actively managed mutual funds charge higher mutual fund fees on average than passively managed funds. Further on, there is significant evidence that actively managed equity funds perform worse than passively managed equity funds. This suggests that investors are better off investing into cheaper equity index funds rather than expensive actively managed equity funds.
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Bornman, Waldo. "Improved mine cooling system performance through the control of auxiliary systems / W. Bornman." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9105.

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Industrial and mining sectors are amongst the largest single energy consumers in South Africa, making them a primary focus for implementing energy saving initiatives. Refrigeration systems on mines are responsible for consuming up to25 % of the electrical energy consumption on a typical South African deep level mine. Ample opportunities to reduce the energy consumption of these systems exists, as many of the current systems rely on old technology and function under partial or inadequate control management. In compiling this thesis, various energy saving strategies on deep level mines were investigated. In specific, the effects of controlling and improving the cooling auxiliaries. Scenarios were investigated and simulated, where after an optimum solution was implemented. Implementations, such as the ones covered in this dissertation, form part of the IDM (Integrated Demand Management) energy efficiency incentive introduced by Eskom, where funding is made available based on actual power saving; ensuring that the projects will be financially viable to the clients. Reduced electrical energy consumption realised from the abovementioned projects were measured, captured and compared to the consumption before project implementation to determine the achieved savings. Savings of up to 30 % of the plant installed capacity were realised, providing average savings of up to 2.3 MW per day.
Thesis (MIng (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Gerardi, Marcelin, and Miki Namsrai. "A software system for variables comparison of a paper machine for improved performance." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28781.

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Today paper is to find everywhere, and the production factories always need to increase the productivity if they want to stay competitive. Stora Enso Kvarnsveden has one of the biggest magazine paper machines in the world, which produces around 1900 meters of paper per minute. The production process is highly automatized, which reduces the number of operators that work on the machine. Still, process variations can cause brakes in the paper web and lead to loss of income, energy and paper production. It may also have a direct impact on the paper quality. This report is focusing the following question: How to keep the Paper Machine production process under controlled conditions? To make a data analysis fully relevant, we need to use the most important variables of the machine. By analyzing these data some unexpected behavior and variation of process values can be pointed out. The analyzing tool needs to be fast and portable, and therefore a software system has been developed. By comparing process data with reference data this software can make a powerful analysis. The created software is intended to be used either by operators or engineers. The most important results are collected in a file. In this text file, the comparison function gives the results which are stored in a CSV-format. Furthermore, an auto-update function allows the users to run it automatically. Graphical presentations are supporting the interpretation of the results.
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Shatnawi, Ibrahem Mahmoud. "Automated Vehicle Delay and Travel Time Estimation Techniques for Improved Performance Measures of Urban Network System." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1446473677.

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Jayam, Prabhakar Aditya. "Application of STATCOM for improved dynamic performance of wind farms in a power grid." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Jayam_Prabhakar_09007dcc804f7428.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed May 12, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-66).
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Liu, Yufeng. "Effects of Coarse Aggregate Morphological Characteristics on Mechanical Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78451.

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This research focused on three main objectives: (1) quantify coarse aggregate morphological characteristics using an improved FTI (Fourier Transform Interferometry) image analysis system, (2) evaluate the effects of morphological characteristics of coarse aggregates of various mineral compositions on the mechanical performances of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures constituted; (3) investigate the relationship between the uncompacted void content of coarse aggregates and morphological characteristics. To achieve the first research objective, a Fourier Transform Interferometry (FTI) system was adopted to capture three-dimensional high-resolution images of aggregates. Based on these digital images, the FTI system uses the two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT2) method to rapidly measure aggregate morphological characteristics, including sphericity, flatness ratio, elongation ratio, angularity, and surface texture. The computed shape characteristics of all aggregates were in good agreement with manual measurement results, demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of this image analysis system. For the second objective, a series of simple performance laboratory tests were performed on eight types of SMA mixtures with different morphological characteristics. Test included wheel-track loading, dynamic modulus, flow number, and beam fatigue. The wheel tracking test included asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) and Model mobile load simulator (MMLS). In the APA test, samples included eight types of SMA mixtures that consisted of aggregates of 22 fractions. In the MMLS test, six types of SMA mixture samples that consist of coarse aggregate of 15 fractions were tested. Regression analyses were then conducted between weighted mean morphological characteristics and performance parameters. The fatigue performance parameters include |E*|sin φ, where |E*| is complex modulus obtained from dynamic modulus test, the number of loading cycles to failure, and the seismic modulus difference. The rutting performance parameters include |E*|/sin φ, flow number, flow number slope, rut depth and creep slope. For the third objective, different coarse aggregate fractions from different quarries in Virginia were analyzed using the improved FTI system. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the correlation between morphological characteristics and uncompacted void content of coarse aggregates at the size ranges of 4.75-9.5mm and 9.5-12.5 mm, respectively. Aggregate morphological characteristics were found to play an important role in the mechanical performance of stone matrix asphalt mixture and the uncompacted air void content of the coarse aggregates. Both the experimental results and simulation results demonstrated that using more of equi-dimensional, less flaky and elongated coarse aggregates with angular and rougher-textured aggregates is favorable to the mechanical performances of SMA mixtures. Recommended values for each morphological characteristic are provided.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Improved performance fee system"

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Sharma, R. R. K. Material requirement planning system: Heuristics for improved performance. Vitasta Pub., 2008.

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Vermont. Office of the State Auditor. Department of Buildings and General Services: Performance measurement system could be improved. Office of the State Auditor], 2009.

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Rendell, Larry. Concept acquisition from examples: Measurement of system performance and suggestions for improved design. Dept. of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1987.

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Green, Thad B. The belief system: The secret to motivation and improved performance : unleash the power of motivation by triggering three very special beliefs. Beechwood Press, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. U.S. international broadcasting: Strategic planning and performance management system could be improved : report to the Chairman, Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives. The Office, 2000.

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Forum, Legal Aid. Improving the performance of the criminal justice system through improved pretrial justice: The impact of pretrial detention on access to justice in Rwanda. Legal Aid Forum, 2013.

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Office, General Accounting. U.S. international broadcasting: Strategic planning and performance management system could be improved : report to the Chairman, Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives. The Office, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Veterans' Employment and Training Service: Proposed performance measurement system improved, but further changes needed : report to the chairman, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives. U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.

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Green, Thad B., and Merwyn Hayes. The Belief System: The Secret to Motivation and Improved Performance. Beechwood Press, 2003.

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An overdetermined system for improved autocorrelation based spectral moment estimator performance. Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept., Clemson University, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Improved performance fee system"

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El-Fotouh, Mohamed Refaat Abo, Ahmed Yehia Shash, and Mohamed Hasan Gadallah. "Semi-automated Gating System Design with Optimum Gate and Overflow Positions for Aluminum HPDC." In Improved Performance of Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59590-0_4.

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Abu-Siada, Ahmed, Mohammad A. S. Masoum, Yasser Alharbi, Farhad Shahnia, and A. M. Shiddiq Yunus. "Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, a Promising FACTS Device for Wind Energy Conversion Systems." In Recent Advances in Renewable Energy. Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681085425117020004.

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The applications of FACTS devices have become popular in the last few decades. There are many types of FACTS devices that are currently used in power systems to improve system stability, power quality and the overall reliability of the power systems. Since the involvement of renewable energies based power plants such as wind and PV, problems related to power system stability and quality has become even more complex, therefore the deployment of FACTS devices has become a challenging task. In this chapter, a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Unit is applied to improve the performance of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind turbine during various disturbances such as voltage sag, short circuit faults and load variation, including problems related to internal faults within the DFIG converters.
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Metzger, Florian, Tobias Hoßfeld, Lea Skorin-Kapov, et al. "Context Monitoring for Improved System Performance and QoE." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90415-3_2.

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Zhou, Suhua, Song Gao, and Daoben Li. "Improved Serially Concatenated Overlapped Multiplexing System and Performance." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34528-9_20.

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Sekendiz, Veysel, İbrahimcan Görgülü, Mehmet Görkem Karabulut, Gökhan Kiper, and Mehmet İsmet Can Dede. "Manipulator Design for a Haptic System with Improved Performance." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4477-4_2.

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Malik, Sushma, Anamika Rana, and Mamta Bansal. "Improved Performance of Recommender System Based on Demographic Attributes." In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4968-1_7.

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Zdiri, M. A., B. Bouzidi, and H. Hadj Abdallah. "Performance Investigation of an Improved Diagnostic Method for Open IGBT Faults in VSI-Fed IM Drives." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1746-4_8.

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Pradeep, Arjunan, Suryan Abhilash, and Kurian Sunish. "Performance Analysis of Ceramic Composite Thermal Protection System Tiles." In Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 2. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62575-1_40.

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Kee, Gyundo, Yungcheol Byun, Kwanyong Lee, and Yillbyung Lee. "Improved Techniques for an Iris Recognition System with High Performance." In AI 2001: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45656-2_16.

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Silva, Maria João Falcão, Nuno Marques de Almeida, Filipa Salvado, and Hugo Rodrigues. "Structural Performance Evaluation System for Improved Building Resilience and Reliability." In Reliability-Based Analysis and Design of Structures and Infrastructure. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003194613-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Improved performance fee system"

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Goto, Yuji, Atsushi Yasuda, and Satoshi Ishida. "Brake Master Cylinder for Secure Brake Feel and Improved System Failure Performance." In 21st Annual Brake Colloquium & Exhibition. SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3304.

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Mallozzi, Meghan, and J. Alan Kehr. "Nano-Technology for Improved Dual Layer Performance." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64591.

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Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) powders and liquid resins are commonly used for corrosion protection of steel pipeline and metals used in the oil, gas and construction markets. The FBE coating should have excellent physical properties to minimize damage during transit, installation and operation. Damage to the coating leads to higher potential corrosion sites on the metallic surface and could ultimately lead to a decrease in service life. During transportation, cinders and grit can get between pieces of the coated substrate so the coating should have superior penetration and abrasion resistance. During installation, the coating should have good impact resistance from back fill or handling equipment. Often the coated substrate is bent during installation, for example to fit the contour of the land, and should be flexible enough to prevent damage to the coating. Once in operation, the coating can be exposed to water and other chemicals and should have good resistance to these chemicals and good cathodic disbondment. There are several ways that have been used conventionally to attempt to make a FBE coating more resistant to mechanical damage. In one conventional approach, the thickness of the overall coating is increased to provide added absorption of impact and abrasion. However, as the thickness of the coating increases the flexibility of the coating decreases. Another conventional approach to enhance damage resistance is to add an abrasion resistant overcoat that has a high filler loading to increase abrasion resistance and decrease impact damage. As with the thicker coatings, higher filler loadings can dramatically decrease the flexibility of the FBE coating. As mentioned above, flexibility of the coating is very important during installation and must be tolerant to bending. Currently available damage resistant coatings force the user to compromise between toughness and flexibility. This paper will present a novel FBE coating system using nano-technology that would incorporate damage resistance AND flexibility.
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Yuan, James K., Joshua M. Christian, and Clifford K. Ho. "Compensation of Gravity Induced Heliostat Deflections for Improved Optical Performance." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18245.

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Heliostat optical performance can be affected by both wind- and gravity-induced deflections in the mirror support structure. These effects can result in decreased energy collection efficiency, depending on the magnitude of structural deflections, heliostat orientation and field position, and sun position. This paper presents a coupled modeling approach to evaluate the effects of gravity loading on heliostat optical performance, considering two heliostat designs: The National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) heliostat and the Advanced Thermal Systems (ATS) heliostat. Deflections under gravitational loading were determined using finite element analysis (FEA) in ANSYS Mechanical, and the resulting deformed heliostat geometries were analyzed using Breault APEX optical engineering software to evaluate changes in beam size and shape. Optical results were compared against images of actual beams produced by each respective heliostat, measured using the Beam Characterization System (BCS) at Sandia National Laboratories. Simulated structural deflections in both heliostats were found to have visible impacts on beam shape, with small but quantifiable changes in beam power distribution. In this paper, the combined FEA and optical analysis method is described and validated, as well as a method for modeling heliostats subjected to gravitational deflection but canted in-field, for which mirror positions may not be known rigorously. Furthermore, a modified, generalized construction method is proposed and analyzed for the ATS heliostat, which was found to give consistent improvements in beam shape and up to a 4.1% increase in Annual Incident Power Weighted Intercept (AIPWI).
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Kontz, M. E., M. C. Herrera, J. D. Huggins, and W. J. Book. "Impedance Shaping for Improved Feel in Hydraulic Systems." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41712.

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Applying haptic control to mobile hydraulic equipment presents a practical yet challenging application. One criticism of newer electro-hydraulic system is a lack of “feel.” To a haptics researcher this sounds like a call for haptic feedback in the human-machine interface. However, for an operator the “feel” of the system likely has more to do with how the actual system responds to forces or higher work port pressures. At some point, the high pressures slow down the system or naturally redirect flow to lower pressure circuits in a hydro-mechanical system. How this is done plays a large part in the “feel” of the system. In this paper, a paradigm is presented that tries to merge these two concepts of “feel.” Instead of trying to make the system transparent, the goal is to make the system react to forces acting on the system then use haptic feedback to help alert the operator to these forces. This is done by shaping this impedance so that the system provides a response or “feel” that is closer to a typical excavator. A haptic interface is used to enhance the haptic feel. Performance is evaluated using data from human-in-the-loop testing.
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Quadvlieg, Frans, Rink Hallmann, Greg Hughes, and Rick Harris. "Improved Dynamic Positioning Using Wave Feed Forward." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49388.

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Jo Pinkster made the first attempt to estimate 2nd order wave drift forces. In his PhD thesis from 1980, the first practical application of wave feed forward in DP was demonstrated both theoretically and in model tests. Knowledge of the local wave field was used to estimate the 2nd order wave drift forces. The local wave field was converted in wave forces and fed back in the DP system. The use of this knowledge in a DP system should lead to a better position keeping. Since Pinksters’ thesis 30 years ago, this technique has been tried several times with varying success. However, in 2009, the ‘nut was cracked’ and a good success was undoubtedly demonstrated. In 2008–2009, this method has been developed and applied in DP model tests on a ship equipped with azimuthing thrusters. The use of Wave Feed Forward resulted in a reduction of the watch circle by a factor of two. Important for the success of wave feed forward was the filtering of the measured wave signals to predict the wave forces with a limited delay. The performance is demonstrated during model tests in MARIN’s Seakeeping and Manoeuvring Basin at two speeds of 0 knots and 4 knots, uni-directional and multidirectional seas. Besides the application of wave feed forward for a single ship, wave feed forward is used in a side-by-side condition at zero speed and ahead speed. For both speeds, wave feed forward did not provide a significant improvement in DP accuracy. The objective was to make wave feed forward applicable to: zero and forward speed; on a ship alone and on ships sailing side-by-side; in unidirectional and multi-directional waves, with a realistic amount of sensors and as target wave heights, sea state 3 and 4 were envisaged. To measure the local wave height, wave height measurement sensors as well as pressure sensors were used. The pressure sensors can be mounted below the waterline and deliver an accurate estimation for the wave drift forces as well.
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Tsai, Alex, David Tucker, and Craig Groves. "Improved Controller Performance of Selected Hybrid SOFC-GT Plant Signals Based on Practical Control Schemes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22470.

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This paper compares and demonstrates the efficacy of implementing two practical Single Input Single Output (SISO) multi-loop control schemes on the dynamic performance of selected signals of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid simulation facility. The hybrid plant, located at the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown WV, is capable of simulating the interaction between a 350kW SOFC and a 120kW GT using a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) configuration. Previous studies have shown that the thermal management of coal based SOFC-GT hybrid systems is accomplished by the careful control of the cathode air stream within the fuel cell (FC). A decoupled centralized and dynamic de-centralized control scheme is tested for one critical airflow bypass loop to regulate cathode FC airflow and modulation of turbine electric load to maintain synchronous turbine speed during system transients. Improvements to the studied multivariate architectures include: feed-forward (FF) control for disturbance rejection, anti-windup (AW) compensation for actuator saturation, gain scheduling for adaptive operation, bumpless transfer (BT) for manual to auto switching, and adequate filter design for the inclusion of derivative action. Controller gain tuning is accomplished by Skogestad’s Internal Model Control (SIMC) tuning rules derived from empirical First Order Plus Delay Time (FOPDT) Transfer Function {TF} models of the hybrid facility. Avoidance of strong Input-Output (IO) coupling interactions is achieved via Relative Gain Array (RGA), Niederlinski Index (NI), and Decomposed Relative Interaction Analysis (DRIA), following recent methodologies in PID control theory for multivariable processes.
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Jang, Kyung Min, Jun Young Kim, Cholongi Eum, and KwangSun Kim. "Numerical Analysis on Cooling Performance for FET Heat Sink." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39220.

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With the improved performance of IT devices like car microprocessors, the heat generated in the electric devices are being increased in amount. The increased heating value degrades the performance of devices and circuits, which will affect the durability and reliability of products eventually by causing their failure. Therefore, a study on the cooling performance improvement of heat sinks is essential to decrease the temperatures of the field effect transistors (FETs) in cars. In this study, numerical analysis and experimental tests were carried out to develop a new heat sink design for a different FET material, heat conductive resin. Without the heat sink, the new FET had a temperature distribution of 70–90 Celsius, which was measured in the laboratory environment similar to the real chamber within a car. Based on the numerical and experimental test and analysis of the FET new heat sink system, the improved shape and array of the fins are developed that meet the target temperature of the FET. For heat sinks, efficient cooling design and reduced manufacturing costs are derived from the comparison with those of old heat sink material, Aluminum.
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Lee, Tae-Kyung, and Dyche Anderson. "Real-Time Battery Model Parameter Estimation With Improved Observability and Robustness." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-5825.

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Prediction of battery system responses and capability for next few seconds can provide key information to use battery hardware effectively. The prediction performance will be much improved, when battery models can capture the real battery responses as accurate as possible. Equivalent circuit models (ECMs) have been used for control purpose due to their proper balance between computational efficiency and prediction accuracy. The limitations of ECMs can be efficiently compensated through real-time model parameter estimation. Further enhancement is possible by improving system observability and robustness, specifically effective under low temperature and aggressive driving. This paper proposes an approach to improve the robustness and accuracy in estimating parameters by reformulating ECMs with new parameters. The proposed approach can estimate battery parameters less sensitive to both external disturbance and possible model mismatch under various driving conditions.
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Pohl, Julien, Jeffrey A. Dixon, and Vincenzo Fico. "Turbine Stator Well Cooling: Improved Geometry Benefits." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42658.

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Nowadays, it is common practice to expose engine components to air temperatures exceeding the thermal material limit in order to increase the overall engine performance and to minimise the engine specific fuel consumption (SFC). To avoid the overheating of the materials and thus the reduction of the component life, an internal flow system is designed to cool the critical engine parts and to protect them. As the coolant flow is bled from the compressor and not used for the combustion the amount of coolant is aimed to be minimised as much as possible to preserve the overall engine performance. Experiments as well as numerical simulations have shown that with the use of a deflector plate, the cooling flow is fed more directly into the disc boundary layer, allowing more effective use of less cooling air, leading to an improved engine efficiency. In this paper, the benefits of the use of a stationary deflector plate inside a turbine stator well (TSW) are presented. So far unpublished experimental data obtained from tests carried out in a two-stage turbine rig are presented. The main objective of this research has been to produce reliable methods for predicting the effects of geometry changes in this type of engine cavity, with a view to optimising the cooling flows required to maintain component integrity and life. Therefore, a numerical methodology is presented and validated against the experimental data. Steady and unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations of a sector model are used to determine whether fluid side flow distributions and heat transfer can be adequately represented, as well as to expose the limits of these approaches. The main annulus geometry is meshed with a multi-block structured mesh using the in-house code PADRAM. The cavity geometry is meshed once with a multi-block structured mesh using the commercial tool ANSYS ICEM and once with an unstructured mesh using the in-house code PADRAM. The CFD calculations are carried out with the commercial code FLUENT from ANSYS as well as the in-house code HYDRA. Finally, for the cavity with the deflector plate and no net ingestion, the steady state solution of the CFD is coupled to a finite element analysis (FEA) model created in the in-house code SC03 in order to take the conjugate effects into account. With this method the final non-adiabatic flow field inside the cavity as well as the final metal temperatures are obtained, which again are compared against thermocouple measured data in order to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical prediction method.
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Tang, Y. J., and J. Wang. "A Two-Feet Linear Ultrasonic Motor for Fuze Safety System." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64113.

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In modern weapons systems, fuze is known as the “brain” of the ammunition, whose performance will directly affect the combat effectiveness. It guarantees the safety of ammunition during the logistical processing and makes the ammunition reliably function after launch. In the fuze system, the delay arming device is closely related to the fuze performance and safety reliability, which affects the muzzle safety distance. After years of development, the performance of delay arming device has been developed and improved, but malignant accidents such as explode in the chamber, early burst and dud have occurred from time to time. This paper investigated a standing wave linear ultrasonic motor applied to the fuze delay arming device as the arming actuator. The motor is made up of a cuboid with two drive feet and a slider with a convex part, both having a through hole. The first order longitudinal vibration and second order bending vibration of the stator were selected as working modes. The prototype was fabricated and the vibration mode test was carried out, indicating the motor can generate two-phase required oscillation modes. The frequency sweep test was also performed and two-phase frequency is proved quite close. The experiments on the motor mechanical performance were done, and the speed of the motor is 88.2 mm/s, furthermore the reciprocating motion of the slider is flexible.
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Reports on the topic "Improved performance fee system"

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Lippert, David, Marshall Thompson, and Charles Wienrank. Performance of Interstate Rubblization in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-005.

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In Illinois, hot-mix asphalt overlaid concrete pavements typically exhibit reflective cracking of joints and cracks from the pavement below, resulting in shortened life and maintenance issues. Over the years, various patching, fabric, and crack and seat techniques were attempted with few positive results. This led to more aggressive techniques to eliminate the slab action of the concrete pavement where the pavement would be broken or rubblized into pieces typically less than 12 inches. Since the first rubblizing project in 1990, policy, procedures, and specifications have evolved to the point that rubblization is the mainstream option in dealing with problematic concrete pavements. This report summarizes the performance of several interstate rubblizing projects in Illinois by analyzing available data in Illinois Department of Transportation’s pavement management system. Condition rating survey data allowed the serviceability of these projects to be evaluated by surface mix types and asphalt performance grades. Traffic in the form of 18,000 lb equivalent single axle loads was determined for the projects to evaluate fatigue and rutting as well as compare section performance to the design procedure. The research team reviewed plans, design procedures, and specifications to determine best practices and identify where improvements might be made. Data showed that the use of stone matrix asphalt surface mixtures and mixes using PGXX-28 asphalt binders provides improved performance. Overall, rubblizing has shown good to excellent performance. To provide additional life with improved performance, recommendations include adopting softer asphalt grades, increasing the use of stone matrix asphalt, and improving procedures for protecting culverts.
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Gulen, Sedat, Karen Zhu, and John Weaver. Development of Improved Pavement Performance Prediction Models for the Indiana Pavement Management System. Purdue University, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313192.

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Richards, Robin. The Effect of Non-partisan Elections and Decentralisation on Local Government Performance. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.014.

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This rapid review focusses on whether there is international evidence on the role of non-partisan elections as a form of decentralised local government that improves performance of local government. The review provides examples of this from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. There are two reported examples in Sub-Saharan Africa of non-partisan elections that delink candidates from political parties during election campaigns. The use of non-partisan elections to improve performance and democratic accountability at the level of government is not common, for example, in southern Africa all local elections at the sub-national sphere follow the partisan model. Whilst there were no examples found where countries shifted from partisan to non-partisan elections at the local government level, the literature notes that decentralisation policies have the effect of democratising and transferring power and therefore few central governments implement it fully. In Africa decentralisation is favoured because it is often used as a cover for central control. Many post-colonial leaders in Africa continue to favour centralised government under the guise of decentralisation. These preferences emanated from their experiences under colonisation where power was maintained by colonial administrations through institutions such as traditional leadership. A review of the literature on non-partisan elections at the local government level came across three examples where this occurred. These countries were: Ghana, Uganda and Bangladesh. Although South Africa holds partisan elections at the sub-national sphere, the election of ward committee members and ward councillors, is on a non-partisan basis and therefore, the ward committee system in South Africa is included as an example of a non-partisan election process in the review.
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García-Mantilla, Daniel. PLAC Network Best Practices Series: Target-Income Design of Incentives, Benchmark Portfolios and Performance Metrics for Pension Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003599.

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In defined contribution systems, at the end of the accumulation phase the assets in the retirement account are exchanged for a pension. The conversion rate from assets to retirement income (which depends on the level of interest rates) is very volatile, and its variations constitute the main investment risk facing pension fund affiliates. In this sense, performance metrics, management fees and benchmark portfolios that focus on assets (and asset returns) and ignore the variations in the conversion rate, embed several problems: i. they send wrong signals to regulators, fund managers and workers, ii. they provide wrong incentives to pension fund management companies, and iii. they leave pension fund affiliates exposed to their largest risk factor, even during the last few years preceding their retirement date. We find that regulatory incentives with these fundamental problems are ubiquitous in the region. The document presents a series of best practices, and delivers a practical set of tools to assist regulators and supervisors in designing a framework that improves security and sufficiency of retirement income, and provides relevant and timely information to pension fund affiliates. The framework achieves that by fostering an integration of the accumulation and the payout phases, and an alignment of the regulatory incentives for pension fund management companies with the retirement income objectives of pension fund affiliates. Using historical data from Colombia as a case study, the document illustrates and quantifies the improvements in terms of pension benefits and retirement income security that the proposed framework could bring.
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Havir, Thomas J., and David B. Durbin. Initial Assessment of the Manpower Requirements for the Army Airborne Command and Control System (A2C2S) System Operator Via the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT). Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada427527.

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Heifetz, Alexander, Tiffany Liu, and Dmitry Shribak. PTT System Design and Data Analysis for Improved Performance: Pulsed Thermal Tomography Nondestructive Examination of Additively Manufactured Reactor Materials and Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1558667.

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Callan, J. R., R. T. Kelly, and M. L. Quinn. Human factors evaluation of remote afterloading brachytherapy: Human error and critical tasks in remote afterloading brachytherapy and approaches for improved system performance. Volume 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/89505.

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Kodupuganti, Swapneel R., Sonu Mathew, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Modeling Operational Performance of Urban Roads with Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1802.

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The rapid growth in population and related demand for travel during the past few decades has had a catalytic effect on traffic congestion, air quality, and safety in many urban areas. Transportation managers and planners have planned for new facilities to cater to the needs of users of alternative modes of transportation (e.g., public transportation, walking, and bicycling) over the next decade. However, there are no widely accepted methods, nor there is enough evidence to justify whether such plans are instrumental in improving mobility of the transportation system. Therefore, this project researches the operational performance of urban roads with heterogeneous traffic conditions to improve the mobility and reliability of people and goods. A 4-mile stretch of the Blue Line light rail transit (LRT) extension, which connects Old Concord Rd and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte’s main campus on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for travel time reliability analysis. The influence of crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, greenways, on-street bicycle lanes, bus/LRT routes and stops/stations, and street network characteristics on travel time reliability were comprehensively considered from a multimodal perspective. Likewise, a 2.5-mile-long section of the Blue Line LRT extension, which connects University City Blvd and Mallard Creek Church Rd on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for simulation-based operational analysis. Vissim traffic simulation software was used to compute and compare delay, queue length, and maximum queue length at nine intersections to evaluate the influence of vehicles, LRT, pedestrians, and bicyclists, individually and/or combined. The statistical significance of variations in travel time reliability were particularly less in the case of links on N Tryon St with the Blue Line LRT extension. However, a decrease in travel time reliability on some links was observed on the parallel route (I-85) and cross-streets. While a decrease in vehicle delay on northbound and southbound approaches of N Tryon St was observed in most cases after the LRT is in operation, the cross-streets of N Tryon St incurred a relatively higher increase in delay after the LRT is in operation. The current pedestrian and bicycling activity levels seemed insignificant to have an influence on vehicle delay at intersections. The methodological approaches from this research can be used to assess the performance of a transportation facility and identify remedial solutions from a multimodal perspective.
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Pritchett, Lant, and Martina Viarengo. Learning Outcomes in Developing Countries: Four Hard Lessons from PISA-D. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/069.

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The learning crisis in developing countries is increasingly acknowledged (World Bank, 2018). The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include goals and targets for universal learning and the World Bank has adopted a goal of eliminating learning poverty. We use student level PISA-D results for seven countries (Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Senegal, and Zambia) to examine inequality in learning outcomes at the global, country, and student level for public school students. We examine learning inequality using five dimensions of potential social disadvantage measured in PISA: sex, rurality, home language, immigrant status, and socio-economic status (SES)—using the PISA measure of ESCS (Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) to measure SES. We document four important facts. First, with the exception of Ecuador, less than a third of the advantaged (male, urban, native, home speakers of the language of instruction) and ESCS elite (plus 2 standard deviations above the mean) children enrolled in public schools in PISA-D countries reach the SDG minimal target of PISA level 2 or higher in mathematics (with similarly low levels for reading and science). Even if learning differentials of enrolled students along all five dimensions of disadvantage were eliminated, the vast majority of children in these countries would not reach the SDG minimum targets. Second, the inequality in learning outcomes of the in-school children who were assessed by the PISA by household ESCS is mostly smaller in these less developed countries than in OECD or high-performing non-OECD countries. If the PISA-D countries had the same relationship of learning to ESCS as Denmark (as an example of a typical OECD country) or Vietnam (a high-performing developing country) their enrolled ESCS disadvantaged children would do worse, not better, than they actually do. Third, the disadvantages in learning outcomes along four characteristics: sex, rurality, home language, and being an immigrant country are absolutely large, but still small compared to the enormous gap between the advantaged, ESCS average students, and the SDG minimums. Given the massive global inequalities, remediating within-country inequalities in learning, while undoubtedly important for equity and justice, leads to only modest gains towards the SDG targets. Fourth, even including both public and private school students, there are strikingly few children in PISA-D countries at high levels of performance. The absolute number of children at PISA level 4 or above (reached by roughly 30 percent of OECD children) in the low performing PISA-D countries is less than a few thousand individuals, sometimes only a few hundred—in some subjects and countries just double or single digits. These four hard lessons from PISA-D reinforce the need to address global equity by “raising the floor” and targeting low learning levels (Crouch and Rolleston, 2017; Crouch, Rolleston, and Gustafsson, 2020). As Vietnam and other recent successes show, this can be done in developing country settings if education systems align around learning to improve the effectiveness of the teaching and learning processes to improve early learning of foundational skills.
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LeGrand, Sandra, Christopher Polashenski, Theodore Letcher, Glenn Creighton, Steven Peckham, and Jeffrey Cetola. The AFWA dust emission scheme for the GOCART aerosol model in WRF-Chem v3.8.1. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41560.

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Airborne particles of mineral dust play a key role in Earth’s climate system and affect human activities around the globe. The numerical weather modeling community has undertaken considerable efforts to accurately forecast these dust emissions. Here, for the first time in the literature, we thoroughly describe and document the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) dust emission scheme for the Georgia Institute of Technology–Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) aerosol model within the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) and compare it to the other dust emission schemes available in WRF-Chem. The AFWA dust emission scheme addresses some shortcomings experienced by the earlier GOCART-WRF scheme. Improved model physics are designed to better handle emission of fine dust particles by representing saltation bombardment. WRF-Chem model performance with the AFWA scheme is evaluated against observations of dust emission in southwest Asia and compared to emissions predicted by the other schemes built into the WRF-Chem GOCART model. Results highlight the relative strengths of the available schemes, indicate the reasons for disagreement, and demonstrate the need for improved soil source data.
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