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Journal articles on the topic 'Improved varieties'
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KEHINDE, Ayodeji Damilola. "DOES CREDIT ACCESS IMPROVE ADOPTION INTENSITY OF IMPROVED MAIZE SEED VARIETIES?" Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 53, no. 4 (2021): 434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/cerce-2020-037.
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This study investigated the effect of credit access on the adoption intensity of improved maize varieties in Osun State. A number of 150 maize farmers were selected through a multistage sampling procedure from using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, adoption index, and Tobit regression model were used to analyse the data collected. The results showed that Majority of maize farmers were over 40 years (52.6%), male (87%), and married (87%). The result also showed that majority of the farmers did not adopt improved maize varieties (55%) in the state. Swan 1 improved variety was majorly adopted (87.1%), while DMR-ESR-W variety was less adopted (62.9%) in the State. Just a few of maize farmers had access to credit in the State (20%). The mean adoption intensity in the State was observed to 62%. Based on adoption intensity of improved maize varieties, adopters were classified as partial adopters (65%) and full adopters (35%). Tobit regression estimates showed that credit access, household size, secondary occupation, years of education and extension contact have significant effect on the adoption intensity of improved maize varieties. In accordance with the findings, we therefore recommend that microfinance institutions should look attentively at scaling up their credit services to enhancing adoption intensity of improved maize varieties.
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Soe, Ei Thazin, Yoshifumi Takahashi, and Mitsuyasu Yabe. "Adoption of Improved Soybean Varieties and Differences in Technical Efficiency Between Improved and Local Soybean Varieties in Southern Shan State, Myanmar." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 8 (July 15, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n8p55.
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This study determined the factors influencing the adoption of improved soybean varieties and examined the technical efficiencies of improved and local soybean varieties production in Southern Shan State, Myanmar. For this study, data from a sample of 337 respondents were collected by employing a multi-stage random sampling method. Logit model was adopted to determine the factors influencing the adoption of improved soybean varieties. Additionally, a stochastic production frontier was used to examine technical efficiencies of improved and local soybean varieties. Results show that factors that positively and significantly influence the adoption of improved soybean varieties are education, market access, extension access and training access. Examination of technical efficiency reveals that labor, fertilizer, machinery, and use of pesticide and harvester are inputs that significantly contribute to improving production efficiency among the improved variety farmers while seeds, labor, and fertilizer are significant inputs of local soybean production. On average, the estimated yield of the improved soybean varieties is 1.51 t/ha, which is higher than the yield of local soybean varieties grown at 0.88 t/ha. It was also revealed that improved soybean varieties had a relatively higher level of mean technical efficiency (85.04%) than local varieties (70.13%) and significantly different at 1% level. The results show that improved soybean production is more efficient than local soybean production. Therefore, government and non-government organizations should improve and provide market access, efficient and effective extension services and training to encourage farmers to adopt improved soybean varieties.
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Gairhe, Samaya, Devendra Gauchan, and Krishna Timsina. "Adoption of Improved Potato Varieties in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 3 (May 8, 2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v3i1.17274.
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Nepal is one of the top twenty countries where potato contributes substantially for the human diet. Enhancing adoption of improved potato varieties could impact on farmer’s income, household food and nutritional security. As such, using a multistage sampling procedure, a study was conducted to assess the determinants of improved potato varieties adoption in Nepal covering 180 samples in four districts, two in hills and two in Tarai region. The study revealed that; Kavre and Bardiya districts in the hills and Tarai, respectively, were dominated by improved potato varieties adoption. On the other hand, Dhankuta and Jhapa in the hills and Tarai, respectively, were dominated by local potato varieties adoption. The informal seed sources followed by agro-vet and market were the major sources for improved varietal adoption. Farmers’ accesses to training and formal seed sources were important factor determining improved potato varietal adoption. However, households with larger farm size were less likely to allocate more area for improved potato varieties as many of farmers were reluctant to take potato cultivation as agri-business and still follow subsistence farming. Potato R&D programs, therefore, need to strengthen formal seed system to enhance access to quality potato seeds and build producer’s capacity through regular training and exposer visits in order to improve adoption of improved potato varieties in Nepal.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 38-44
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Ogeto, MA, JH Mohammed, and DG Bedada. "Adoption of improved potato varieties in jeldu district, oromia region, Ethiopia: a double-hurdle model." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v9i2.45405.
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Smallholder potato producers in Jeldu district produce potato for both home consumption and market. Adoption of improved varieties is suggested to improve and diversify farmers’ household income. This study intents to identify factors determining adoption and intensity of adoption of improved potato varieties in Jeldu district of West Shewa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were used. The primary data were collected from 140 sample households’ selected using two-stage random sampling techniques. Descriptive statics and double hurdle econometric model were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that sex of the household head, access to extension services, livestock ownership and farmers’ perception about the technology positively and significantly determined adoption of improved varieties in the district. In contrast, distance from the nearest market affected adoption of improved potato varieties negatively and significantly. Intensity of adoption is measured by the area of land allocated for improved potato varieties by farmers. The truncated result identified improved varieties yield perception, family size, livestock ownership and membership to agricultural cooperative influenced intensity of improved potato varieties adoption positively and significantly. Strengthening extension services to enhance farmers’ awareness about improved potato varieties infrastructure development, family planning, asset ownership and facilitating membership to cooperatives are recommended.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 9(2): 15-22, December 2019
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Rizvi, S., R. Sharma, T. Srinivas, A. Manan, A. Osmanzai, S. Siddiqui, K. Wadan, N. Hakimi, and A. Rahmani. "Comparative evaluation of local and improved crop varieties through farmers’ participation on resource-poor farms in Afghanistan." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.1.2.
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The introduction of new crop varieties is important to improve farm productivity and increase food security in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the performance of improved varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), mungbean [(Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in comparison to local varieties through farmers’ participatory evaluation. The study was conducted during three years (2006 to 2008) with 948 farmers’ participatory field trials across 18 districts in three Eastern provinces (Nangarhar, Laghman and Kunar) of Afghanistan. One or more improved varieties of wheat, rice, mungbean and potato were compared to the most popular local variety. Data were recorded on the grain yield of wheat, rice and mungbean, and the tuber yield of potato. On average, the improved varieties outyielded local varieties by 69, 57, 70 and 65% for wheat, rice, mungbean, and potato, respectively. Economic analysis in terms of net benefit demonstrated that the adoption of improved varieties resulted in additional incomes of US$ 1840, 1299, 574 and 790 ha-1 for wheat, rice, mungbean and potato, respectively. These findings underline the importance of on-farm farmers’ participatory technology evaluation in developing countries to disseminate new crop varieties to improve farm productivity.
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Owusu, Victor, and Emmanuel Donkor. "Adoption of Improved Cassava Varieties in Ghana." Agricultural Journal 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/aj.2012.146.151.
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Amengor, Natson, Bright Owusu-Asante, Kwadwo Adofo, Patricia Acheampong, Benedicta Nsiah-Frimpong, Alex Nimo-Wiredu, Desmond Adogoba, et al. "Adoption of Improved Sweetpotato Varieties in Ghana." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 23, no. 3 (March 23, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2018/39874.
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Sall, Samba, David Norman, and Allen M. Featherstone. "Adaptability of improved rice varieties in senegal." Agricultural Systems 57, no. 1 (May 1998): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(97)00072-3.
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OMANYA, G. O., E. WELTZIEN-RATTUNDE, D. SOGODOGO, M. SANOGO, N. HANSSENS, Y. GUERO, and R. ZANGRE. "PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION WITH IMPROVED PEARL MILLET IN WEST AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 1 (January 2007): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706004248.
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A reconnaissance survey and participatory varietal selection trials (PVS) were conducted in four major pearl millet-growing countries of the Sahel between 2001 and 2003. The studies aimed to identify farmers' preferences in improved pearl millet varieties, increase awareness, test new varieties and enhance farmers' access to the improved varieties. Farmers selected five out of 10 tested varieties, with preferred characteristics, namely, maturity cycles of 80–90 d in the Sahel and 90–100 d in the Sudanian agro-ecozones, acceptable grain yield, compact and long (30–100 cm) panicles, a large number of tillers with panicles, adaptation and an acceptable taste. Farmers indicated that their local varieties were of superior adaptation and taste. They mentioned that hindrances to uptake and sustained use of improved varieties were due to lack of awareness, traditional values, seed unavailability, early maturity, bird damage and lack of fertilizer. The strong genotype × environment interactions in the Sahel suggests that breeding should be directed towards producing varieties adapted to specific zones rather than for wide adaptation. Notably, since farmers often cultivate pearl millet without any soil amendments, it may be advisable to disseminate varieties as a package (with fertilizer and agronomic instructions) rather than as varieties alone in a PVS programme, in order to achieve the full potential of improved varieties. The PVS trials are synergistic to plant breeding in identifying varieties suitable for harsh environments, which are difficult to duplicate in the research station. However, in the absence of formal distribution seed systems in the trial countries, village- or community-based seed production of varieties selected by farmers appears critical to the sustainable adoption of selected varieties.
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Tieman, Denise, Guangtao Zhu, Marcio F. R. Resende, Tao Lin, Cuong Nguyen, Dawn Bies, Jose Luis Rambla, et al. "A chemical genetic roadmap to improved tomato flavor." Science 355, no. 6323 (January 26, 2017): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aal1556.
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Modern commercial tomato varieties are substantially less flavorful than heirloom varieties. To understand and ultimately correct this deficiency, we quantified flavor-associated chemicals in 398 modern, heirloom, and wild accessions. A subset of these accessions was evaluated in consumer panels, identifying the chemicals that made the most important contributions to flavor and consumer liking. We found that modern commercial varieties contain significantly lower amounts of many of these important flavor chemicals than older varieties. Whole-genome sequencing and a genome-wide association study permitted identification of genetic loci that affect most of the target flavor chemicals, including sugars, acids, and volatiles. Together, these results provide an understanding of the flavor deficiencies in modern commercial varieties and the information necessary for the recovery of good flavor through molecular breeding.
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White, Timothy L., Mary L. Duryea, and Gregory L. Powell. "Genetically Improved Pines for Reforesting Florida’s Timberlands." EDIS 2018, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fr007-2017.
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Just as farmers plant the best-available varieties of crops that have been developed through many generations of breeding, forest landowners should plant the best-available genetically improved varieties of pines for reforestation of their timberlands. This 8-page fact sheet written by Timothy L. White, Mary L. Duryea, and Gregory L. Powell and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation explains how planting genetically improved varieties of pines can increase the productivity, health, and value of reforested Florida timberlands. edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr007
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Syarif, Abd Aziz, and Syahrul Zen. "Adaptasi dan Stabilitas Hasil Delapan Varietas Lokal Padi Sawah." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 18, no. 2 (October 11, 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v18n2.2012.p62-69.
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<p>Adaptation and Yield Stability of Eight Local Lowland Varieties. Abd. Azis Syarif and Syahrul Zen. The availability of improved rice variety adapted to high altitude areas and suitable for consumers preference in West Sumatra is very limited. Majority of rice farmers in high altitude area in West Sumatra grow many adapted local varieties. This activity aimed at estimating yield adaptability and stability of selected local varieties as a requirement for variety release. The yield and other agronomic traits of eight local and one improved varieties (Batang Sumani) were evaluated at six locations in Solok District, using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at each location. Regression technique of varietal yields at each location on environmental index (mean yield of all varieties at correspondent location) was used to assess the adaptability and stability of particular varieties. The results showed that local varieties of Caredek Putih and Caredek Merah gave the highest mean yields, 5.39 and 5.18 t/ha (13.87 and 9.28% higher than that of improved check variety) respectively. These varieties were found to be stable, indicated by non significantly different of their regression coefficient from 1.0 and deviation from regression from 0.0.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Ketersediaan varietas unggul padi yang adaptif pada lahan sawah dataran tinggi dan memiliki rasa nasi yang sesuai dengan preferensi konsumen di Sumatera Barat masih sangat terbatas. Sampai saat ini, kebanyakan petani masih membudidayakan varietas-varietas lokal yang sudah beradaptasi dan disukai konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan stabilitas hasil beberapa varietas lokal padi sawah untuk pengusulan pelepasan sebagai varietas unggul. Delapan varietas lokal padi sawah hasil identifikasi dan seleksi dari beberapa lokasi di Kabupaten Solok (Sumatera Barat) dan satu varietas unggul sebagai pembanding (varietas Batang Sumani) diuji daya hasil dan sifat agronomis lainnya di enam lokasi di Kabupaten Solok. Pada setiap lokasi digunakan rancangan percobaan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Pendugaan adaptabilitas dan stabilitas hasil menggunakan teknik regresi dimana rataan hasil setiap varietas di setiap lokasi diregresikan dengan indeks lingkungan (rataan hasil semua varietas) lokasi yang bersangkutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas local Caredek Putih dan Caredek Merah memberi rataan hasil tertinggi, yakni 5,93 dan 5,18 t/ha (13,8 dan 9,28% lebih tinggi dari varietas pembanding). Kedua varietas ini adaptabilitas umum atau beradaptasi baik pada semua lingkungan dan stabil, ditunjukkan oleh koefisien regresinya yang tidak berbeda nyata dari 1.0 dan simpangan dari regresi yang tidak bebeda nyata dari 0.</p>
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Mansaray, Bashiru, Shaosheng Jin, and Godwin S. Agbemavor Horlu. "Do Land Ownership and Agro-Ecological Location of Farmland Influence Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties? Evidence from Sierra Leone." Agriculture 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9120256.
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This study investigates the impact of farmland ownership and agro-ecological location on the adoption of the two most important sources of improved rice varieties (NERICA and ROK) in the context of Sierra Leone. In terms of farmland ownership, the results showed that farmers who cultivated their own land had a higher tendency of remaining as non-adopters of improved varieties, but those who rented farmland or were engaged in sharecropping had higher adoption rates of improved rice varieties. Also, the location of farmland (uplands or inland valley swamps) determined the rates of adoption of improved varieties differently. For instance, upland regions showed faster adoption of ROK varieties, but inland valley areas showed faster adoption of NERICA varieties. We also examined the survival rates of local rice varieties. The adoption of improved varieties was only occurring at a very low rate, and the farmers’ adoption of ROK varieties was swifter than for NERICA varieties. This study recommends that policies advocating the adoption of improved rice varieties in Sierra Leone must take into consideration the patterns of farmland ownership and location.
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Chandirasekaran, Rajamohan, Thomas D. Warkentin, Yantai Gan, Steven Shirtliffe, Bruce D. Gossen, Bunyamin Tar'an, and Sabine Banniza. "Improved sources of resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07210.
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Successful chickpea production in western Canada typically requires multiple applications of fungicides to minimize the severity of ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. Although planting resistant cultivars could be economical and environmentally safer than fungicide use, varieties with a high level of resistance are not available. The objective of this research was to identify potentially useful parents for breeding programs aimed at the northern Great Plains by assessing the AB reaction of 12 desi and 12 kabuli chickpea varieties for their AB reaction on leaves, stems and pods under two fungicide regimes. The experiment was conducted at Swift Current and Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, in 2004 and 2005. Differences in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods, seed yield and 1000-seed weight occurred among varieties at all site-years tested. The variation was greater among kabuli varieties than desi varieties. Ascochyta blight severity was generally lower under the high fungicide regime. A positive correlation in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods was observed, suggesting a lack of organ-specific reaction. Several promising varieties that combined improved levels of AB resistance, high yield, and large seed size were identified. Key words: Didymella rabiei, Ascochyta rabiei, Cicer arietinum, fungicide efficacy
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Reddy, G. Rajender, K. Dattatri, N. Sudhakar, T. Himabindu, M. Osman, and K. L. Sharma. "Assessment of Improved Varieties under Different Climate Vulnerabilities." Indian Journal of Dryland Agricultural Research and Development 29, no. 1 (2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-6701.2014.01188.9.
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Stephen, Lyimo, Mdurum Zubeda, and De Groote Hugo. "The use of improved maize varieties in Tanzania." African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 7 (February 13, 2014): 643–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar11.065.
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I. Maijalo, Amina, Paul Y. Idakwo, Ndubisi A. Aviara, and Mamudu H. Badau. "Drying Characteristics of Two Improved Parboiled Rice Varieties." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, no. 12 (December 13, 2020): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2020.v05i12.002.
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Li, Pi Jun, Aijier A. Bula, Wen Yue Wang, and Rui Qi Jia. "Improved Variety Populus Alba×Populus Bolleana and its Parents Growth Characteristic." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.384.
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Studied on improved varieties and its parents growth characteristics. Discusses the Populus fine varieties Populus alba×Populus bolleana with its parents differences to promote varieties of Populus to provide a theoretical basis for Populus alba×Populus bolleana .The results showed:(1) Comparison of 3 varieties height accumulative increment consistent, individual difference were not significant. (2) 3 poplar varieties cumulative growth of DBH have difference, xinjiang Poplar DBH growth in the 2-8 years was slow , while the Populus alba Linn. and Populus alba×Populus bolleana continued to grow. 3 varieties DBH growth contrasts: Populus alba×Populus bolleana > Populus alba Linn.> Populus alba.(3) Populus is significantly lower than the volume growth Populus alba×Populus bolleana. Populus alba×Populus bolleana volume growth in 15 years and still maintain a high level of greater than Populus alba Linn.Populus alba Linn.and Populus alba.before the Populus alba×Populus bolleana arrivals the quantitative maturity .
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Mwalongo, Serapius, Essegbemon Akpo, Gerald Alex Lukurugu, Geoffrey Muricho, Ronnie Vernooy, Athanas Minja, Christopher Ojiewo, Esther Njuguna, Gloria Otieno, and Rajeev Varshney. "Factors Influencing Preferences and Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties among Farmers in Tanzania." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091271.
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Access and use of seed of improved varieties of groundnut among farmers can improve farmers’ livelihoods and contribute to the potential of crop production in Tanzania. This paper analyzes factors underpinning the adoption of improved groundnut varieties among farmers to pave the way for upscaling quality seed used for increased production and commodity business in farming communities. A four-stage stratified sampling was used to collect data from 300 groundnut farmers in seven agro-ecological zones through individual interviews. Secondary data were collected from the literature and the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute at Naliendele centre (TARI–Naliendele). Descriptive statistics and Probit regression model were used for data analysis. The empirical results showed that Johari 1985, Pendo 1998, Naliendele 2009, Mnanje 2009, Mangaka 2009 and Nachi 2015, are the main six improved groundnut varieties used by farmers, with Pendo 1998 having the highest adoption rate (17.1%). In the grain market, four varieties, namely Pendo 1998, Mnanje 2009, Nachi 2015 and Johari 1985, were observed to be highly preferred by grain off-takers. Furthermore, among the adopted improved varieties, Nachi 2015, is observed to be the most consistent high yielding variety, ranging from 1100 kg/ha to 1500 kg/ha in all agro-ecological zones. A farmer’s decision to adopt new varieties is affected by age and gender, farmer group membership, availability of improved seed and seed cost. Overall, male farmers are more likely to adopt improved varieties of groundnut than female farmers. The implications of these findings are also discussed, in particular in the area of policy support.
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Gamboa, Cindybell, Goedele Van den Broeck, and Miet Maertens. "Smallholders’ Preferences for Improved Quinoa Varieties in the Peruvian Andes." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 3735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103735.
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Due to an increase in international demand, quinoa production has boomed tremendously in the Andes since the early 2010s. This has led to significant investments into developing improved varieties for large-scale agribusinesses, but breeding programs are not tailored to the needs of smallholders. In this paper, we study farmers’ preferences and willingness to pay for improved quinoa varieties in the Junín region in Peru. We use data from a choice experiment among 458 smallholders and estimate generalized multinomial logit models to control for preference and scale heterogeneity. We find that farmers generally prefer improved varieties over traditional varieties, with mildew-resistance as the most important crop trait. In general, farmers prefer varieties that are characterized by larger grain sizes, higher yield levels, lower levels of saponin, and a reduced maturation period. Yet, food-insecure farmers are found to be indifferent to early maturity and a larger grain size, which can be explained by a lower degree of commercialization among these farmers. Our results imply that developing mildew-tolerant and higher-yielding varieties with a medium to low saponin content is a priority if investments in quinoa technologies are to benefit small-scale and food insecure farmers in the Andean highlands of Peru.
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Rajagopal, Duff, and Hall. "Brassica Biofumigants for Improved Soil Health." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036077.
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Biofumigation involves growing specialised cover crops that have the ability to suppress certain soil-borne diseases. Species such as those in the Brassicaceae family, (e.g., radish, mustard and rocket) are known to have this capability. Biofumigation activity is initiated by the degradation of glucosinolates within the tissues of the plant when the crop is incorporated into the soil at approx. 25% flowering rate. In this experiment, nine bio-fumigant varieties were assessed over six planting dates for biomass yield, irrigation management, glucosinolate concentration and efficacy against three soilborne pathogens, namely; Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Preliminary results showed incorporation dates varied across varieties and planting times. Winter planting had highest biomass yield across all varieties, compared with the summer plantings (e.g., 14.82 t/ha in winter, versus 5.02 t/ha in summer for Caliente). The efficacy of disease suppression was variable between variety and planting date. For example, Nemfix and BQ Mulch produced a higher percentage mortality rate (100% and 98%) against S. sclerotiorum, compared with autumn (22% and 12%) and winter (37% and 13%) planting. High glucosinolate production was observed during the summer plantings, where irrigation treatments including drought conditions (Low; 0.75 ML/ha), moderate watering (Medium; 2 ML/ha) and field capacity (High; 2.5 ML/ha) were applied. Increased glucosinolate concentrations were observed in the Low irrigation treatments (e.g., Mustclean; 32.31 μmol/g DW), versus High irrigation (e.g., Mustclean; 17.11 μmol/g DW). Summer data pending analysis. These findings can help growers to identify biofumigant varieties that compliment rotation program and optimise disease management practices.
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Bhatt, Prashant, Pratibha Bist, and Laxmi Narayan Ojha. "Farmers' Preferences of Improved Wheat Varieties in Wheat Subsector Kailali, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i4.33671.
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Kailali is the second highest district regarding wheat production and area coverage. A study was carried out in the Kailali district for preference of farmers on different wheat varieties that were being cultivated in the district. The objective of the study was to assess farmers’ preference and perception on the different improved wheat varieties in the area. Five commonly grown wheat varieties and seventeen important wheat varietal traits were selected through focus group discussion, key informant interview and preliminary survey. Sixty households were selected for face-to-face personal interview, twelve for each selected variety, at random from Ghodaghodi Municipality, Gauriganga Municipality and Kailari Rural Municipality of Kailali. The weightage of the seventeen selected traits were determined using an online survey conducted among individuals from different designation with the agricultural background who were well known about wheat cultivation practices in Kailali district. Yield, flour quality and tillering were found to be the trait of higher weightage and stem thickness was the trait of lowest weightage. The preferences of the farmers were measured using wheat preference index (WPI). The varieties Vijay, NL-971, HD-2967, Gautam and Aditya were ranked as I, II, III, IV and V respectively. The incorporation of farmers' preferred traits in future wheat varieties would increase the likelihood of adoption of the varieties. Similarly, proper participatory field trial of new improved wheat varieties would also help in the selection of the suitable varieties in the area concerning the farmers’ criteria of selection.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(4): 432-436
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Gemechu, Bekele, and Amha Besufekad. "Evaluation of Improved Tef [Eragrostisteff /Zucc./Trotter] Production Technologies in Central High Lands of Ethiopia." Engineering International 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ei.v7i1.453.
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A study was carried out to evaluate the performance of improved varieties of tef and production technologies in Becho district of Oromia, Centeral Ethiopia. Five improved tef varieties along with the local were selected and used as treatments (that is, Dega tef (T1), Guduru (T2), Kena (T3), Kora(T4),Quncho(T5) and Local (T6)) arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications using six farmers’ fields. Yield and yield related parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.0. Economic analysis/profitability, preference/acceptability, gender and nutrition and environmental suitability data recording were performed to compare treatments advantages and identify the best performing varietity/ies. All the yield and yield related components were significantly different between the varieties at 5 % probability level %) except for plant height in which there was no significant difference among varieties. Variety Dega tef gave the highest grain yield with average grain yield of 3610.6kg/ha followed by Quncho and Kora and also had about 40% yield advantage over the local variety with average grain yield of 2577.83kg/ha and had about 116.95%, 110.25% and 90.80 % yield advantage over the national, regional and zonal average yield of tef in 2016/2017 Meher season of CSA data respectively. Based on farmer’s preference analysis variety Dega tef had high acceptability (75%) followed by Quncho (73%) and Kora (70%). Guduru variety has the least in acceptability (21%). As the result from the economic analysis showed that Dega tef variety had the maximum net benefit (79,536.69birr/ha) followed by Quncho (67,106.97birr/ha) and Kora (63,746.96birr/ha). Variety Guduru had the least net benefit result of about 53,648.17birr/ha. Based on the rules of decision making and the integrated scoring set for technology validation, two of the three improved varieties meet the requirements to be recommended. Therefore, we recommend Dega tef, Quncho, and Kora varieties for Becho areas and other areas with similar agro-ecological conditions in the central highlands of Ethiopia.
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Ega, L. A., A. F. Olatunde, and C. C. Nwasike. "Acceptability of Improved Varieties of Sorghum for Consumption in Northern Nigeria." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 14, no. 4 (December 1992): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659201400405.
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Farmers’ acceptance of and preference for crop varieties depend to a large extent on consumption value and market price. Therefore, food quality considerations are crucial for extension of high-yield varieties. We explored whether several new sorghum of varieties that have been found to have high agronomic performance are acceptable for consumption by using them in two foods commonly prepared from sorghum (kamu and tango). All the improved varieties made acceptable kamu and tango. They met the expectations of consumers for colour, appearance, flavour, taste, and texture and did nor pose obvious processing and milling problems. There is a need to monitor these varieties and subject them to further consumer preference tests using quantitative techniques and the combined effects of the major factors that commonly affect acceptance of crops for production and use, namely, expected yield or income, labour requirement, technical feasibility, nutritional value, and acceptability to consumers.
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Kidudu, Joshua S., Dismas L. Mwaseba, and Susan Nchimbi-Msolla. "SMALLHOLDER FARMERS' ATTITUDE TOWARD QUALITY SEED OF IMPROVED COMMON BEAN VARIETIES IN TANZANIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i5.2019.826.
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The importance of quality seed of improved varieties is well recognized and widely documented. However, smallholder farmers’ demand for quality seed of improved varieties has remained low for years. Previous studies have broadly identified technological, economic, institutional and human specific factors as major determinants of adoption. However, these studies tended to pay little attention on the influence of smallholder farmers’ attitude on decision to use quality seed of improved common bean varieties. Therefore, using cross-sectional research design, a survey was conducted in major regions producing common beans to determine smallholder farmers’ attitude towards quality seed of improved common bean varieties. Generally, smallholder farmers considered quality seed of improved common bean varieties to be beneficial (2.0616). However, they had moderate positive attitude towards qualities (1.4705) and accessibility (1.4598) of quality seed of improved common bean varieties. Nevertheless, they had very weak positive attitude toward availability (0.3068), promotion (0.3432) and marketability (0.3326) of their produce. Furthermore, findings indicated that benefits, qualities and marketability significantly influenced their attitude. These findings suggest that efforts to promote quality seed use have to concentrate on ensuring quality of claimed to be quality seeds and market outlets for produce from quality seed of improved common bean varieties.
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CURIEL-MACIEL, Nidya F., Jesús G. ARREOLA-ÁVILA, Juan R. ESPARZA-RIVERA, Edén A. LUNA-ZAPIÉN, José R. MINJARES-FUENTES, Erick SIERRA-CAMPOS, and Jorge A. MEZA-VELÁZQUEZ. "Nutritional quality, fatty acids content and antioxidant capacity of pecan nut fruits from Criolla and Improved walnut varieties." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 12021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49212021.
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In the current study were evaluated the nutrimental quality, fatty acid and mineral content, and antioxidant capacity of pecan nut of Criolla and Improved walnut varieties. Nut fruit samples of three Criolla walnut varieties (‘Nazas I’, ‘Nazas II’ and ‘Norteña’), and two Improved varieties (‘Western’ and ‘Wichita’) were collected in La Laguna (Nazas, Durango) in Northern Mexico. The analyses run in nut samples were: bromatological and mineral content, fatty acids profile and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that Criolla and Improved varieties had similar bromatological content except ‘Nazas I’, which had the lowest protein and fat content. Furthermore, nuts from Criolla varieties had a higher mineral content, including iron (~38 mg/100 g dw), zinc (~51 mg/100 g dw) and manganese (25 mg/100 g dw). Besides, the fatty acid profile indicates a higher rate of oleic acid (71%) in nut oil of Criolla varieties than in Improved varieties (61%). Regarding antioxidant capacity (AC) the obtained values were similar in all varieties, with ‘Norteña’ variety (850 µM trolox equivalent/g of oil) in Criolla, and ‘Western’ (800 µM trolox equivalent/g of oil) in Improved as the highest values of AC among all varieties. Hence, pecan nut fruits of Criolla varieties are good nutrients and beneficial health compounds source for consumers, and their production and marketing represent interesting opportunity areas for nut producers.
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Kalinda, Thomson, Gelson Tembo, and Elias Kuntashula. "Adoption of Improved Maize Seed Varieties in Southern Zambia." Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 25, 2014): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ajas.6.4851.
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Wahaga, Esther. "The Adoption of Improved Cowpea Varieties in Northern Ghana." Acta Scientific Agriculture 3, no. 7 (June 4, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asag.2019.03.0510.
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Brar, D. S., P. S. Virk, D. Grewal, I. Slamet-Loedin, M. Fitzgerald, and G. S. Khush. "Breeding rice varieties with improved grain and nutritional quality." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2012): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-837x.2012.00140.x.
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Avramov, L. M., D. M. Zunic, B. V. Sivcev, M. M. Ruzevic, and N. N. Gasic. "THE CREATION OF NEW TABLE VARIETIES WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 528 (May 2000): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.528.93.
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Yniestra Marure, Lucero M., M. Carmen Núñez-Santiago, Edith Agama-Acevedo, and Luis A. Bello-Perez. "Starch Characterization of Improved Chickpea Varieties Grown in Mexico." Starch - Stärke 71, no. 3-4 (November 13, 2018): 1800139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201800139.
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Shekhar, Chandra. "Hidden Hunger: Addressing Micronutrient Deficiencies Using Improved Crop Varieties." Chemistry & Biology 20, no. 11 (November 2013): 1305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.11.003.
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Usman, A., M. A. Adagba, G. O. Olaniyan, and M. A. Adenihun. "PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF IMPROVED MAIZE VARIETIES FOR TOLERANCE TO STRIGA HERMONTHICA AT MOKWA, NIGERIA." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 48, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.48.2000.4.13.
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Five improved maize varieties including the local check (TZ SR - Y) were evaluated for their tolerance to Striga hermonthica in order to identify the most suitable, high yielding and adapted varieties for use in striga-infested areas at the Mokwa experimental station of the National Cereals Research Institute. The varieties were planted in plots consisting of four rows and the data were collected from the two inner rows. The striga emergence count at 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) along with the grain yield showed significant differences among the varieties. With the exception of the local check, variety ACR 94 TZE comp 5-w significantly out-yielded all the other varieties under investigation.
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Krisdiana, Ruly. "Penyebaran Varietas Unggul Kedelai dan Dampaknya terhadap Ekonomi Perdesaan." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 33, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v33n1.2014.p61-69.
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<p>Improved soybean varieties are generally possessing high yield, resistant to major pests and diseases, and carrying other important properties. Until 2013 more than 70 improved varieties had been released, but not all are planted by farmers. The present research objectives were: (1) to identify the distribution and farmers preferences of improved soybean varieties, (2) to identify the adoption barrier of new soybean varieties, and (3) to estimate the economic contribution of the new soybean varieties. The study was conducted on soybean production centers in Indonesia, covering East Java, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, West Java, and South Sulawesi. The research was carried out using survey method, where samples of farmers were used as sources of the primary data. There were total of 600 farmer respondents. Analyses of the data applied the tabulation analysis, principal components analyses, and contributions analyses. The results showed that soybean varieties most widely adopted by farmers in order of the highest were: Anjasmoro (32.1% farmer users, covering area of 190,567 ha), Willis (17.9% farmer users, area of 93,187 ha), Mahameru (9.1% farmer users, area of 78,190 ha), Grobogan (11.2% farmer users, area of 71,576 ha). Farmer’s preferences to soybean variety, included the following characters: flowering at 35-40 days after planting, harvesting 70-75 days after planting, stem with many branches, yellow seed coat color, round seed shape, large seed size, and the grains sold easily. The reason of varieties was not being adopted by farmers include: unavailability of seeds at planting time, seed size was too small, seed price is too expensive, and the distance from farmers’ home to the seed kiosk was too far away. The economic contribution of improve soybean varieties was as followed: Anjasmoro (Rp 1.3 trillion), Mahameru (Rp 0.61 trillion), Grobogan (Rp 0.61 trillion), Willis (Rp 0.56 trillion), Baluran (Rp 0.25 trillion), while the other improved varieties (Argomulyo, Bromo, Orba, Kipas Merah, Galunggung, Kipas Putih, Davros, Gepak kuning, Gepak Hijau, Malabar, Burangrang, Mitani, Kaba, Lokon, Sinabung) each contributed to the rural economy in a total of Rp 0.57 trillion. The total economic contribution of all improved soybean varieties was estimated at Rp 3.9 trillion.</p>
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Machado, Cynthia Torres de Toledo, and Ângela Maria Cangiani Furlani. "Kinetics of phosphorus uptake and root morphology of local and improved varieties of maize." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 1 (February 2004): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000100012.
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Interspecific and intraspecific differences in the efficiency of utilization of soil phosphorus (P) are explained, in part, by plant morphological and physiological variations, which characterize the plant for nutrient acquisition. As part of a study on maize genotypes characterization for P-uptake and use efficiency, kinetic parameters of P uptake and root morphological characters were evaluated for six local and improved maize varieties, grown in nutrient solution. The kinetic parameters related to P influx were: maximal transport rate (Vmax), the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), and the external concentration when net uptake is zero (Cmin). Measured root morphological characters were: root length, radius, and surface area. Shoot and root dry matter yield and the P content in these parts were also determined. Diferences among varieties were observed in the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km, root length and in root/shoot dry matter ratio. Lower Km values were better indicatives of P uptake ability of the varietes and were significantly correlated to higher dry matter production and P-efficiency index.
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Griffin, Jeffrey D., and Margaret S. Dibble. "585 PB 100 IMPROVED REGENERATION FREQUENCY OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS FROM CALLUS CULTURES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 515f—515. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.515f.
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Genetic transformation of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) requires methods for high-frequency regeneration of plantlets from cultured cells. Regeneration of this important turf species has been reported, albeit at a low frequency from seed-derived callus. We tested the potential of 3 synthetic auxins, used in the callus initiation and growth medium, for their ability to promote regeneration in 3 bluegrass varieties. 10 μM 2,4-D promoted regeneration from 0 to 5% of calli, 30 μM and 60 μM picloram promoted regeneration from 0 to 8% of calli, and 10 to 60 μM dicamba, in combination with BA, promoted regeneration from 1% to 8% of calli. In a subsequent experiment, both 60μM and 90 μM dicamba, with 20 μM BA, promoted regeneration from 45% of calli averaged across varieties. These media were tested for the promotion of regeneration in 12 diverse bluegrass varieties. Although up to 45% of the calli from some varieties regenerated plantlets, the response of other varieties was markedly lower, indicating a genetic component in the response to these media.
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Mengistu, Dejene K., Afewerki Y. Kiros, Jemal N. Mohammed, Yemane Tsehaye, and Carlo Fadda. "Exploitation of diversity within farmers' durum wheat varieties enhanced the chance of selecting productive, stable and adaptable new varieties to the local climatic conditions." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 5 (July 5, 2019): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000194.
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AbstractVariety selection from locally adapted crops is the major climate change adaptation strategy of farming communities. There are several justifications for re-thinking for the sustainable use of crop biodiversity in our breeding programs. Thirty-one durum wheat farmers' varieties (FVs), together with five improved check varieties, were characterized in Tigray during 2014 and 2015 main cropping seasons. The genotype effect explained most of the variations in measured traits, which enabled us to identify superior and stable genotypes for wider adaptation as well varieties with more local adaptation. The genotypes and test locations imposed a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on both phenological and quantitative traits. A yield advantage of 14.3% was obtained from top performer FV over top performer improved variety, Asassa. Of the tested FVs, 27.8% were superior for grain yield (GY) than improved varieties and 19.4% of these superior FVs were more stable and adaptable than the improved varieties. Besides giving higher GY with spatial stability, they qualify for industrial requirements with high-grain protein (>13%) and gluten (>33%) contents. FVs such as G10, G16, G21, G22 and G30 have wider adaptability and are suitable for production in all tested areas. As outcome of this study, two superior FVs, G10 (208304) and G30 (8208), were nationally released for commercial production for their productivity, stability and grain quality. Utilizing the diverse durum wheat FVs can effectively improve productivity and adaptability. Wheat breeders need to revisit these resources to improve adaptation of wheat production to the changing climatic conditions.
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Wang, Huaiyu, Sushil Pandey, and Lu Feng. "Econometric Analyses of Adoption and Household-Level Impacts of Improved Rice Varieties in the Uplands of Yunnan, China." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 6873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176873.
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Higher-yielding rice varieties adapted to the upland conditions of Yunnan were developed and disseminated during the late 1990s. Using cross-sectional farm-level data of 448 households collected from five prefectures in Southern Yunnan, this paper carries out an econometric analysis of the determinants of variations in the adoption of improved varieties among households and assesses the impact of adoption on rice income and total household income. The two major determinants of adoption were found to be the government programs for extension of improved upland rice varieties and for terracing of sloping fields. The presence of government programs for extension and for terracing contributed to increased adoption of improved varieties. Household-specific factors such as land and labor endowments were less important as these variables had a statistically insignificant impact on adoption. The adoption of improved rice varieties increased both rice income and the average household income. About half of the household income difference observed between the full adopters and non-adopters of improved rice varieties with comparable household characteristics can be attributed directly to the adoption. The results imply that increased investments in promoting improved rice varieties and terracing will generate additional income growth in the uplands of Yunnan.
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JALLETA, TERIESSA. "PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME IMPROVED BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) VARIETIES IN THE JIJIGA PLAINS OF EASTERN ETHIOPIA." Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 1 (December 2, 2003): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479703001479.
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Through years of research, the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization has recommended a number of improved bread-wheat varieties for production in the different climatic zones, along with accompanying technology packages. In areas such as the Jijiga plains, however, adoption of these varieties by the farmers has been very limited. The principal objective of the study was, therefore, to investigate the reasons why farmers are reluctant to adopt high-yielding improved wheat varieties, and to identify farmers' preferences. An assessment study followed by participatory evaluation of the performance of five improved bread-wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and a local control was carried out under farmers' management practices. The trial was conducted at 10 locations (across three districts) on the Jijiga plains for two consecutive years (the 1999 and 2000 cropping seasons) and involved 30 farmers. Farmers' preferred varieties were identified using preference ranking. The results showed that farmers refrained from the adoption of some ‘improved’ varieties of bread wheat that were provided through the extension services because the varieties performed poorly under farmers' conditions. The study also showed that farmers do have multiple criteria for evaluating the varieties apart from yield, though the latter was the major parameter for recommending and releasing varieties for multi-locations. Farmers identified earliness, yield, and quality as the main criteria for adoption of wheat varieties. Accordingly, variety HAR-710 stood first in terms of yield (2.56 t ha−1) and other parameters, followed by PAVON -76 (2.49 t ha−1). Though its grain yield was relatively lower than the improved ones, the local control was preferred to some improved varieties used in this study for other quality parameters. The study highlighted the need for re-orienting agricultural research towards involving farmers at the appropriate stages of technology identification.
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DIXON, J., L. NALLEY, P. KOSINA, R. LA ROVERE, J. HELLIN, and P. AQUINO. "Adoption and economic impact of improved wheat varieties in the developing world." Journal of Agricultural Science 144, no. 6 (October 5, 2006): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606006459.
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During the past century wheat breeders have produced a large number of genetically improved wheat lines and varieties. This activity has led to widespread adoption of improved varieties, a steady increase in average wheat yields during the past 4–5 decades and major contributions to food security and poverty reduction. The rate of generation and adoption of improved varieties, and therefore the time lag from varietal release to widespread use, varies across regions. The remarkable success of wheat improvement hinges on the decisions of millions of farmers to adopt, or replace older wheat varieties with superior material. The present paper summarizes studies on the determinants of adoption. Because adoption is a necessary but not sufficient condition for economic impact, the present paper synthesizes key assessments of impact from different farming systems in developing countries.
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Fulmer, A. M., T. B. Brenneman, R. C. Kemerait, R. Macajoux, D. A. Carroll, G. Faroutine, W. Sheard, P. Dorzan, J. A. Rhoads, and G. E. MacDonald. "Evaluation of Improved Valencia Peanut Varieties for Production in Haiti." Peanut Science 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps18-13.1.
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ABSTRACT Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Haiti. Traditional Haitian peanut varieties are not only susceptible to these diseases but are also typically grown without benefit of a fungicide program. Five trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the performance of six Valencia varieties in Quartier-Morin, Haiti (with an additional trial in 2017 at the Central Plateau) with respect to yield, resistance to rust and leaf spot diseases, and response to a fungicide program. A split-plot design with four or six replications was used in these studies. In each, “variety” was the whole plot and presence or absence of a fungicide program was the subplot. Valencia market types 309 Red, 309 Tan, M2, M3, SGV0801 and a local landrace were compared with and without Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil, Sipcam) (2.3 L/ha) applied at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). Final disease ratings (late leaf spot and peanut rust) were assessed approximately 94 DAP and plots were harvested the day following. In all trials, 309 Tan variety had the least amount of leaf spot and rust, but resulted in the lowest yield in four out of five trials, averaging 1727 kg/ha across fungicide treatments. M3, M2 and 309 Red were generally the numerically highest-yielding varieties, averaging 2906, 2864 and 2541 kg/ha across fungicide treatments, respectively, but were not statistically higher than the local Haitian Valencia, averaging 2374 kg/ha. Three fungicide applications during the season significantly increased yields in most trials for all varieties except 309 Tan. The highest and lowest average increase in yield from fungicide was for 309 Red (1126 kg/ha) and 309 Tan (103 kg/ha), respectively. The results from this study conducted over 2 years and 4 seasons document that while resistance to late leaf spot and rust is available in Valencia varieties, yield potential is not directly associated with that resistance. Also, use of fungicide improves yield potential in more susceptible varieties.
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Rohaeni, Wage Ratna, Untung Susanto, and Aida F. V. Yuningsih. "LOW ASSOCIATION OF Bph17 ALLELE IN LANDRACES AND IMPROVED VARIETIES OF RICE RESISTANT TO BROWN PLANTHOPPER." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 18, no. 1 (September 14, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v18n1.2017.p1-6.
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<p>Resistance traits to brown planthopper on rice varieties are controlled by dominant and recessive genes called Bph/bph. Bph17 is one of dominant genes that control rice resistance to brown planthopper. Marker of Bph17 allele can be used as a tool of marker assisted selection (MAS) in breeding activity. Association of Bph17 allele and resistance to brown planthopper in Indonesian landraces and new-improved varieties of rice is not clearly known. The study aimed to determine the association of Bph17 allele in landraces and new-improved varieties of rice resistant to brown planthopper. Twenty-one rice genotypes were used in the study, consisting of 13 landraces, 5 improved varieties, 3 popular varieties and a check variety Rathu Heenati. Two simple sequence repeat markers linked to Bph17 allele were used, i.e. RM8213 and RM5953. The results showed that association of Bph17 allele in landraces and new-improved varieties of rice resistant to brown planthopper resistance was very low (r = -0.019 and -0.023, respectively). The presence of Bph17 allele did not constantly express resistance to brown planthopper. The study suggests that Bph17 allele cannot be used as a tool of MAS for evaluating resistance of landraces and new-improved varieties of rice to brown planthopper. Further research is needed to obtain a specific gene marker that can be used as a tool of MAS and applicable for Indonesian differential rice varieties. </p>
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Fenzi, Marianna, Devra I. Jarvis, Luis Manuel Arias Reyes, Luis Latournerie Moreno, and John Tuxill. "Longitudinal analysis of maize diversity in Yucatan, Mexico: influence of agro-ecological factors on landraces conservation and modern variety introduction." Plant Genetic Resources 15, no. 1 (September 2, 2015): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262115000374.
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Transformations that farmers bring to their traditional farming systems and their impacts on the conservation and evolution of maize varieties over a 12-year period are investigated using a longitudinal analysis. Despite the increased introduction and supply of improved maize variety seeds in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, over the last 12 years farmers continue to maintain a substantial amount of traditional maize variety diversity. Even with the increased availability of hybrid seeds, farmers in the community of Yaxcaba on average plant more than three quarters of their milpa fields to traditional maize varieties, with the latter one fourth predominately planted to a locally improved varietyNal Xoy, a farm cross of a traditional variety and an improved variety. We observed a significant reduction in yellow –x-Nuuk nal, a long-cycle traditional landrace, paralleled by an increase in short- and intermediate-cycle locally adapted improved maize varieties. We found great differences in the distribution of maize varieties by soil type, with modern varieties being targeted for the rarer, deeper and fine-grained soils, while traditional varieties predominate on the more prevalent stony and thin soils. Our results provide a picture in which most traditional maize varieties in Yaxcaba continue to be maintained by farmers, coexisting with locally adapted improved varieties on the same landscape, and allowing the continued evolution of maize populations.
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Tiwari, Grace, Chandan K.C., Praseed Thapa, and Astha Shrestha. "Socio-economic analysis of open pollinated improved and hybrid maize production in Sindhupalchok district of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33246.
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The study was conducted from April to June, 2020 for comparative analysis of socioeconomic factors and profitability between Open Pollinated Improved (OPI) varieties and Hybrid varieties on maize production in Sindhupalchok district of Nepal. A structured questionnaire was administered to 80 randomly selected households i.e. 48 HHs cultivated OPI and 32 HHs cultivated hybrid maize varieties. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, multiple linear regressions and indexing were used for data analysis using statistical tools- SPSS version 25 and MS-Excel. Linear regression model revealed that area under maize (5% level), education (5% level), age of household head (1% level), training (1% level), access to credit (5% level) and choice of seed (1 % level) significantly influenced maize production. In addition, unpaired t-test revealed that the productivity of hybrid maize varieties was significantly higher (1% level) than OPI varieties. Fall Armyworm infestation was found to more severe in OPI varieties (5% level) than hybrid. Furthermore, B: C ratio of hybrid varieties (1.59) indicated hybrid maize to be more profitable than OPI (1% level). However, the total cost of cultivation along with the cost of seed per hectare of OPI was found to be lower than hybrid varieties (1% level) thereby significantly increasing the area under maize production for OPI varieties (1% level). Indexing identified- lack of availability of quality seeds and fertilizers (I= 0.78) as the major problem associated with maize production. Ensuring access to quality seeds and fertilizer at subsidy, mechanization and efficient extension services focused on development of affordable hybrid maize varieties or high yielding OPI and its adoption among the farmers in order to increase maize productivity is recommended.
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Akongo, Graceline O., Godfrey A. Otim, Laban F. Turyagyenda, Anton Bua, Alfred Komakech, and S. Obong. "Effects of Improved Cassava Varieties on Farmers’ Income in Northern Agro-ecological Zone, Uganda." Sustainable Agriculture Research 10, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v10n2p65.
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This paper examines the extent to which improved cassava varieties contribute to improvement in income of smallholder farmers in the Northern agro-ecological zone of Uganda. In order to achieve the objective, data was collected from PRELNOR supported farmers’ fields, other farmers’ fields and baseline cassava fields. Consequently, descriptive statistics, gross margin and stochastic frontier analysis were adopted during analysis. Results from the analysis revealed that higher yields per hectare were registered within PRELNOR supported farmers’ fields and yield from NAROCAS1 surpassed all the varieties (37.3 tons per hectare). Location specific results revealed that Gulu had better yields (34.5 tons per hectare) while Kitgum registered the lowest average (24.1 tons per hectare). Gross margin indicated that every Shilling invested in improved variety earned profit 1.3 to 1.8 times above the local variety and each shillings invested in PRELNOR supported fields generated 5.6 times above the baseline fields. The parameter estimate for profit function revealed that planting material, other production related costs, NAROCAS1, NASE14 and NASE19 were positively correlated with profit but labour and baseline field had negative correlations. Conversely, profit efficiency grew by 40% under improved varieties against local varieties. This study suggests that the difference in yields and profit between locations was caused by biophysical characteristic; disease tolerant varieties can tremendously improve profitability and income; meanwhile the profit gaps were partly attributed to inefficiency. This study recommends fast tracking adoption of pest and disease tolerant varieties and integrated research and development approach throughout the cassava value chain.
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Miah, MA Monayem, Sadia Afroz, MA Rashid, and SAM Shiblee. "Factors affecting the adoption of improved varieties of mustard cultivation in some selected sites of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (October 23, 2015): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v40i3.25411.
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Mustard is a leading oil crop in Bangladesh. Relevant data and information on the adoption of improved mustard varieties is very scanty and sporadic in Bangladesh. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the extent of adoption of improved mustard varieties and their management practices at farm level. The study used data from 540 mustard growing farmers under Manikgonj, Rajshahi and Dinajpur districts. Probit regression model along with other descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Analysis revealed that the farm level adoption of different production practices were not encouraging as most farmers did not follow the recommendations made by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) for mustard cultivation. The variety adoption scenario was also discouraging since only 40% of the farmers cultivated improved mustard varieties. However, farmers showed positive attitude towards adoption of improved mustard varieties since about 53% of the adopters wanted to increase area under improve mustard cultivation in next growing season considering the high yielding ability, low cultivation cost, high profit, and less labour requirements. Although mustard is considered to be a profitable crop, many farmers showed negative attitude towards its production due to some drawbacks. Non-availability of improved mustard seed was also found to be a barrier to its adoption at farm level.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 363-379, September 2015
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Kambanje, Ardinesh, Amon Taruvinga, Abbyssinia Mushunje, Charles Mutengwa, and Saul Ngarava. "Determinants of Food Security Status amongst Smallholder Farmers Utilizing Different Maize Varieties in OR Tambo District, South Africa." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 62 (February 5, 2020): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.62.133.139.
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Maize is an important staple crop for poverty reduction and global food security in Sub Saharan Africa. Food insecurity can be combated through adoption of productivity improving technologies, which include improved maize varieties. In that endeavour, South Africa has promoted various improved maize varieties which include open pollinated varieties (OPVs), hybrids, and genetically modified (GM) varieties. Despite this, the traditional landrace varieties have also been dominating in the country. However, the household food insecurity problem in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa may signify a mis-match between maize varieties being promoted amongst smallholder farmers’ and their needs. It therefore necessitates a scrutiny of the food security status among users of different maize varieties, and the determinants of such food security. A cross sectional survey was conducted in Port St Johns, Mqanduli and Flagstaff in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Data was purposively collected from a sample of 650 smallholder farmers using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Household Food Insecurity Access Score and ordinal logistic regression model were employed to characterize, examine the household food insecurity status and the determinants, respectively. Fifty-six percent of the respondents were utilizing land race maize varieties, whilst 29% GMs, 10% combining GMs and landrace, 4% improved OPVs and 1% convectional hybrids. The average land area under maize was 1.09 hectares with average yields (t/ha) of 1.9, 0.5, 1.7 and 1.6 for GM, landrace, conventional hybrids and improved OPVs respectively. Fifty-five percent of households utilizing GM varieties and 61% of those combining maize varieties were food secure. The regression model showed that maize variety had significant influence on food security. The study found that GM maize, improved OPV, white maize and combination effects of GM maize was associated with reduction of household food insecurity. From the study, it can be put into perspective that use of white and improved maize varieties reduces household food insecurity. Therefore, to address household food insecurity, the study recommended targeting white maize varieties, especially GM white maize varieties which are highly productive and a positive influence on household food security.
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Nagarajan, Latha, Anwar Naseem, and Carl Pray. "Contribution of policy change on maize varietal development and yields in Kenya." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-01-2018-0013.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Since the start of seed and other market reforms in the 1990s, the annual number of improved varietal releases for maize in Kenya has increased substantially. Prior to the reforms, private firms were restricted in introducing new varieties, could not protect their intellectual property and farmers had to rely exclusively on improved seeds developed and marketed by the public sector. Reforms have resulted in not only private firms entering the market and releasing improved varieties, but also an increase in varietal releases by the public sector. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the key policy reforms related to maize in Kenya, and their impacts on varietal development and yields. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate a yield model that relates national maize yields to a number of input policy variables. The authors employ a two-stage least square regression, as one of the explanatory variables – the number of varietal releases – is likely endogenous with yield. The authors use policy variables such as public R&D, the number of plant breeder’s rights issued, and the years since private varieties have been introduced as instrument variables to estimate their influence new varietal releases directly, and then new varieties, inputs and other policies to measure their impact on yields. Findings The results show that policy changes such as the introduction of intellectual property rights had an important impact on the number of improved maize varieties released. However, the outcomes of the policy change such as the number of varieties and the share of area under improved varieties has no impact on increasing maize yields. The authors argue that this is because farmers continue to use older improved varieties because of the dominance of a parastatal in the maize, seed market and that newer improved varieties may not have the assumed yield advantage. Future policy and programs should be directed toward increasing the adoption of improved varieties rather than simply releasing them. Originality/value This paper provides evidence that while policy change may lead to new varietal development and release, its aggregate productivity impacts may be limited without additional reforms and intervention.
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Begho, Toritseju. "Using Farmers’ Risk Tolerance to Explain Variations in Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties in Nepal." Journal of South Asian Development 16, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09731741211023636.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is the leading cereal crop in Nepal and an important source of calories and plant protein. Despite the importance of rice, there are reports of widespread cultivation of older varieties with considerably large adoption lags. This warrants further investigation into the factors that influence rice farmers’ adoption decisions. Risk attitude is reported to be an important determinant of farmers’ decisions. However, in Nepal, evidence of the effect of risk attitude on the adoption of improved crop varieties is limited because this important factor is not considered in adoption studies. This article, therefore, connects field experiment, theoretical understanding of farmers’ risk attitudes and empirical models with the aim of investigating determinants of farmers adoption of improved rice varieties in Nepal. The results show that majority of farmers currently grow old varieties. The top four varieties—Sona Mahsuri, Sarju-52, Samba Mahsuri and Radha-4—have an average varietal release age of 27 years. By estimating a binary response regression model, this article shows that risk attitude is a significant determinant of rice farmers’ adoption decision. Specifically, the results show that risk-tolerant farmers have the lowest propensity to adopt new improved rice varieties. This article, therefore, highlights the importance of promoting holistic benefits over making risk-reducing attributes salient when new crop varieties are developed and disseminated to farmers.
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Wang, Kai, Fulin Qiu, Madonna Angelita Dela Paz, Jieyun Zhuang, and Fangming Xie. "Genetic diversity and structure of improved indica rice germplasm." Plant Genetic Resources 12, no. 2 (January 2, 2014): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000579.
Full textAbstract:
The characterization of genetic diversity and structure for improved cultivated varieties/elite lines is tremendously important to assist breeders in parental selection for inbred and hybrid breeding and heterotic group construction. In this study, a total of 737 improved indica varieties/lines developed recently and/or widely used by present indica breeding programmes worldwide were genotyped with a 384-single-nucleotide polymorphism assay. Model-based population structure analysis revealed the presence of two major groups with six subgroups (SGs), wherein no clear correlation was found between the groups/SGs and breeding programmes or geographical origin of the accessions. Over half of the accessions (51.8%) appeared to have less than 0.6 memberships assigned to any one of the six model-based groups, highlighting the wide range of gene flow within improved indica varieties/lines and the genetic integration of valuable alleles shared by ancestries among improved high-yielding varieties/lines through germplasm exchanges. Distance-based clustering revealed that Latin-American cultivated indica lines have tended to form their own ecological cline, which could serve as a potential heterotic ecotype for hybrid rice breeding, although they are still closely related to Asian indica lines. African cultivated indica lines, on the other hand, have not yet formed their own ecological cline. It was also observed that the most well-known hybrid rice parents, Zhenshan97B and Minghui63, were unexpectedly clustered in the same SG with a relatively narrow genetic distance, which suggests that a significant genetic distance between parents is not a prerequisite for all elite hybrid rice lines with high heterosis.