Relevant bibliographies by topics / Improvements (Law)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Improvements (Law)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Improvements (Law)"

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Haley, Michael. "Compensation for tenants’ improvements: a valediction?" Legal Studies 11, no. 2 (1991): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1991.tb00552.x.

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At common law, any improvements made by a tenant (unless classified as ‘tenants’ fixtures' and, thereby, removable) form part of the freehold and, at the end of the lease, must remain for the reversioner. Subject to the law of waste and to any contrary stipulation in the lease, the tenant remains free to carry out improvements, but is not entitled to compensation. This common law approach can be viewed as a potential benefit to landlords when the improvement adds to the value of the reversion. It may, however, stand as a disincentive to tenants who might otherwise have effected improvements to their properties. It has fallen to Parliament to redress what is widely regarded as this lack of equity.
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Ha, Tae Young. "Penal provisions of Bioethics Law: problems and improvements." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 61, no. 7 (2018): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2018.61.7.392.

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Kearney, Paul. "Comment: Improvements in Court Practice." European Business Law Review 17, Issue 2 (2006): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2006032.

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Balla, Rezana. "Criminal Proceedings Law Improvements for Justice Witnesses in Albania." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/174fvg60u.

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In the framework of the constitutional justice reform of year 2016, “Constitutional reform in Albania of year 2016 determined fundamental amendments by improving justice system.” (Balla, 2017, p. 368), there are undertaken to be improved important justice laws. Therefore, fundamental amendments are made on the Criminal Proceedings Code (CPC) on year 2017. These amendments consisted in general and specially to enable the implementation of government policy, for the establishment of new institutions and the strengthening of existing ones, in the fight against corruption and the consolidation of the justice system. At the same time, the amendments aim to address the most obvious issues and problems encountered in practice. Correspondingly, the constitutional amendments and the adoption of other laws, necessary to implement them, brought the need to unify and harmonize these amendments in the CPC. In particular, the new regulations aim to determine the prosecutor's independence in the criminal proceedings, the establishment of the Special Prosecution Office, the jurisdiction of the High Court and the change in the subject matter jurisdiction of the Court of Corruption and Organized Crime. Through this paper it is addressed the treatment of new standards and institutes that are regulated in the CPC. How do they stand compared to European standards such as the jurisprudence of the ECtHR and international law, as well as the jurisprudence of International Criminal Court (ICC). The paper aims to address issues related to the rights of defendants, the legal position of the victims and especially the treatment of the most favorable legal status of protected witnesses and collaborators of justice.
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Kleinbock, Dmitry, and Nick Wadleigh. "A zero-one law for improvements to Dirichlet’s Theorem." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 146, no. 5 (2018): 1833–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/proc/13685.

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Nam,Hyo-Soon. "Analysis and Improvements of the high school textbook on ‘Law and Politics’ -Civil law-." Journal of Law-Related Education 9, no. 3 (2014): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29175/klrea.9.3.201412.1.

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INSEOP CHUNG. "Analysis and Improvements of the high school textbook on ‘Law and Politics’ -International Law-." Journal of Law-Related Education 9, no. 3 (2014): 117–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29175/klrea.9.3.201412.117.

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이효원. "Analysis and Improvements of the high school textbook on ‘Law and Politics’ –Constitutional Law-." Journal of Law-Related Education 9, no. 3 (2014): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29175/klrea.9.3.201412.67.

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Clifasefi, Seema L., Heather S. Lonczak, and Susan E. Collins. "Seattle’s Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) Program." Crime & Delinquency 63, no. 4 (2017): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128716687550.

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For repeat drug offenders, homelessness, unemployment, and lack of access to legitimate income and benefits are obstacles to community integration and quality-of-life improvement. Seattle’s Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) is a collaborative, prebooking diversion program that provides individuals suspected of low-level drug and prostitution offenses with legal assistance and harm reduction–oriented case management instead of prosecution and incarceration. We conducted this single-arm, within-subjects study to test changes in participants’ housing, employment, and income/benefits both prior and subsequent to their LEAD program referral. Findings indicated significant within-subjects improvements for LEAD participants ( N = 176) across all outcomes of interest. Moreover, achieving housing and employment was associated with 17% and 33% fewer arrests during the follow-up, respectively.
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Nasution, Mirza, and Muhammad Yusrizal Adi Syaputra. "THE DYNAMICS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 8, no. 2 (2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v8i2.16126.

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The state is a social entity that consists of areas that have almost similar historical-cultural backgrounds. These areas have administrative divisions that are hierarchical in nature, where the division aims to accelerate the development and improvement of the area and the people in it. The research method used in this research is normative legal research method. The normative legal research method is a research method that looks for facts through the variables derived from the laws and regulations that are examined on their implementation and their effectiveness and shortcomings so that improvements and improvements can be made to these laws and regulations. Regional head elections are an inseparable part of a country that adheres to the principles of democracy and is even part of the characteristics of a democratic country.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Improvements (Law)"

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Horst, M. H. J. van den. "Compensation for improvements the Roman Dutch law in Sri Lanka /." Amsterdam : Free University Press, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21121750.html.

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Lillard, Scott K. "THE CEMENT OF INTEREST: INTERSTATE INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, INTERSTATE COMMERCE, AND THE TRANSITION FROM THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION TO THE CONSTITUTION, 1783-1786." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1354829932.

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Durmaz, Huseyin. "International police cooperation as a response to transnational organized crime in Europe: Improvements in extradition." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4883/.

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International criminality has been a challenging phenomenon for national police forces for years. States have developed international police cooperation relations and extradition instruments in order to fight international criminal activity. This treatise explores the reasons for the rise in transnational organized crime activities in Europe and presents an in-depth explanation concerning the emergence, mandates, and structures of multilateral police collaboration systems such as Interpol, Trevi, Schengen, and Europol. Since the extradition has become an inseparable part of international policing, this study examines the improvements in extradition procedure and emphasizes the importance of extradition. Finally this study compares traditional (European Convention on Extradition of 1957) and new (European Arrest Warrant) extradition systems.
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Hakala, Tim. "Settling-Time Improvements in Positioning Machines Subject to Nonlinear Friction Using Adaptive Impulse Control." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1061.

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A new method of adaptive impulse control is developed to precisely and quickly control the position of machine components subject to friction. Friction dominates the forces affecting fine positioning dynamics. Friction can depend on payload, velocity, step size, path, initial position, temperature, and other variables. Control problems such as steady-state error and limit cycles often arise when applying conventional control techniques to the position control problem. Studies in the last few decades have shown that impulsive control can produce repeatable displacements as small as ten nanometers without limit cycles or steady-state error in machines subject to dry sliding friction. These displacements are achieved through the application of short duration, high intensity pulses. The relationship between pulse duration and displacement is seldom a simple function. The most dependable practical methods for control are self-tuning; they learn from online experience by adapting an internal control parameter until precise position control is achieved. To date, the best known adaptive pulse control methods adapt a single control parameter. While effective, the single parameter methods suffer from sub-optimal settling times and poor parameter convergence. To improve performance while maintaining the capacity for ultimate precision, a new control method referred to as Adaptive Impulse Control (AIC) has been developed. To better fit the nonlinear relationship between pulses and displacements, AIC adaptively tunes a set of parameters. Each parameter affects a different range of displacements. Online updates depend on the residual control error following each pulse, an estimate of pulse sensitivity, and a learning gain. After an update is calculated, it is distributed among the parameters that were used to calculate the most recent pulse. As the stored relationship converges to the actual relationship of the machine, pulses become more accurate and fewer pulses are needed to reach each desired destination. When fewer pulses are needed, settling time improves and efficiency increases. AIC is experimentally compared to conventional PID control and other adaptive pulse control methods on a rotary system with a position measurement resolution of 16000 encoder counts per revolution of the load wheel. The friction in the test system is nonlinear and irregular with a position dependent break-away torque that varies by a factor of more than 1.8 to 1. AIC is shown to improve settling times by as much as a factor of two when compared to other adaptive pulse control methods while maintaining precise control tolerances.
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Chan, Mew-wah Kristy. "A landscape design at the gateway of the Hong Kong new airport at Chek Lap Kok." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950629.

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Thesis (M.L.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997.<br>Includes special study report entitled: A plant selection study at the entrance area and the highway of the Hong Kong new airport at Chek Lap Kok. Includes bibliographical references.
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Jin, Lin. "Towards the Improvement of Chinese Labour Law - A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and South African Collective Labour Law." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4507.

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With the expansion of the open market system and globalization, employees increasingly need more protection from the law. So how to properly and efficiently develop a labour law system is becoming an important question for many countries. China is one country facing this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to explore this question. It will examine the weaknesses existing in current Chinese labour law system through a comparative analysis with South Africa's labour law system, establishing the main influences which impact on the Chinese labour law system. Finally, it will demonstrate that the use of legal transplantation would help the Chinese labour law system.
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Hölttä, Tuula. "Improvement in peritoneal dialysis treatment in childhood, with emphasis on small children." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/holtta/.

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Shehata, Ahmed Samir. "Investigation and improvement of Wells turbine performance : fluid analysis & 2nd law of thermodynamics study." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27850.

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There have been several attempts to establish efficient methods to convert the energy of marine waves into electrical power. Wells turbine, with an Oscillating Water Column (OWC), is one of such methods. Wells turbine is the most common type of self-rectifying air turbine employed by OWC wave energy devices due to its technical simplicity, reliability, and design robustness. Because Wells turbine is subject to early stall, which negatively limits its performance, there were many endeavours to improve the energy extraction performance of Wells turbine within the stall regime. However,those endeavours were based only on the first law of thermodynamics analysis, without relying on the second law analysis. Since the second law of thermodynamics is concerned with the generation rate of entropy and accordingly the useful work, it is important to take the entropy generation rate into account while improve the performance of Wells turbine. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse and improve the performance of Wells turbine under sinusoidal wave based on the entropy generation minimization method for various passive flow control technique parameters. To achieve this purpose, two-dimensional numerical models for Wells turbine aerofoils under sinusoidal wave flow conditions were built and used to investigate the single and multi-slots as passive flow control means. Different operating conditions with various design parameters were investigated. Furthermore, the turbine blade with optimum slots number, location and angle were investigated using the oscillating water system based on the real data from the northern coast of Egypt. Firstly, in addition to the commonly used first law analysis, the present study utilized an entropy generation minimization method to examine the impact of the flow control method on the entropy generation characteristics around the turbine blade. The obtained results indicate that the global entropy generation rate has a different value according to the aerofoil design. It was determined that a certain aerofoil geometry always gives a global entropy generation rate less than that of other aerofoil geometries under sinusoidal inlet velocity. Furthermore, the angle of attack radically affects the second law efficiency. Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation was carried out on the passive flow control effect on the entropy generation as well as the torque coefficient. It was found that with the use of passive flow control, the entropy generation around the aerofoil section increases. On the other hand, torque coefficient of aerofoil increases before the stall happens and continues to increase within the stall regime. A significantly delayed stall is also observed with the use of the passive flow control. Moreover, aerofoils with two,three and four slots were investigated to improve the performance of Wells turbine in the stall regime. The optimum slots number and locations were determined based on minimizing the global entropy generation rate in addition to increasing the torque coefficient. Furthermore, the optimum angle for single slot aerofoil was confirmed to provide a lower global entropy generation rate as well as a higher torque coefficient than the zero angle slot before and after the stall. Finally, from the modelling results, it can be concluded that the operating conditions based on real data for the northern coast of Egypt are very suitable for the oscillating water column system with Wells turbine as a wave energy converter. Moreover, by adopting the optimum slots number, location, and angle, the performance of Wellsturbine can be significantly improved for a wide range of operating conditions.
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Berg, Julie. "Polycentric security governance : legitimacy, accountability, and the public interest." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15493.

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This thesis examines how power is constituted in hybrid polycentric systems of security governance. In particular, the thesis explores how legitimacy - as one form of power - is configured in Improvement Districts in South Africa, with a specific focus on three ways by which it is gained: through promoting public participation in decision-making; through transparent and accountable policing nodes; and through the delivery of effective security for the public good. Polycentric systems of security governance are usually composed of a number of policing or security nodes that are independent of each other, but take account of each other in relationships of co-operation or conflict and where no single node dominates all the rest. In other words, some or all of these nodes, may co-ordinate around specific security problems or events in a sustained manner. The functioning of polycentric security governance was explored in Improvement Districts in Cape Town and Johannesburg, as they are an exemplar of polycentricity in the way that they operate. Qualitative field research was employed using a nodal analytical framework and a collective case study approach. In-depth interviewing, participant and direct observation as well as documentary analysis were the primary research methods employed. The findings of the research reveal that polycentricity impacts on legitimacy in a number of ways. Legitimacy may originate from multiple sources and state and non-state policing nodes within polycentric security governance systems may undermine, enhance and/or co-produce democratic participation, accountability and security for the public interest. There are a number of factors or conditions that shape whether polycentric systems of governance are legitimate and how they derive this legitimacy. The main finding of the thesis is that for a polycentric system to be aligned to the public interest, it needs to be motivated by public, peer and political expectations, amongst other things. The findings of the thesis both challenge the normative tendency to associate democratic legitimacy with the state and contribute to the pressing question of how to theoretically account for the empirical reality of polycentric security governance systems.
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Yeager, Benjamin A. "Efficiency Improvements for Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Discretizations of Hyperbolic Conservation Laws." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397231379.

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Books on the topic "Improvements (Law)"

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment. Medigap improvements. U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Chianu, Emeka. Title to improvements on land in Nigeria. Ernslee, 1992.

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US GOVERNMENT. Veterans' Benefits Improvements Act of 1996. U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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US GOVERNMENT. Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area improvements. U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Parliament, Scotland. Stirling-Alloa-Kincardine Railway and Linked Improvements (Scotland) Act 2004. Stationery Office, 2004.

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United States. Dept. of Justice., ed. Recommendations of experts for improvements in federal law enforcement after Waco. U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1993.

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M, Axinn Stephen, and Axinn Stephen M, eds. Acquisitions under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. Law Journal Seminars-Press, 1988.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Prompt Payment Act implementation: Improvements needed : fifty-first report. U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Association, American Bar, ed. Just solutions: A program guide to innovative justice system improvements. American Bar Association, 1994.

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United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General. Improvements to information sharing are needed to facilitate law enforcement efforts during disasters. Dept. of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Improvements (Law)"

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Meserve, Richard. "Strengthening the Global Nuclear Safety Regime." In Nuclear Law. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-495-2_5.

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AbstractNuclear power is an important component of the global response to climate change. Nuclear power provides continuous electricity and can overcome the intermittency of the renewable energy sources dependent on wind and sun. Assurance of nuclear safety is essential for further expanding nuclear power as a part of the global response to climate change. The commitment to safety must be a universal priority, as the prospects for nuclear power everywhere would be adversely influenced by the public outcry following a serious nuclear event anywhere. The importance of the global nuclear safety regime was revealed by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. The accident reinforced that in addition to the need to have a competent national nuclear safety system in place, it is ultimately important to have an international system that ensures that the relevant national institutions diligently and effectively fulfil their roles. This chapter examines the current global nuclear safety regime and suggests improvements, including through safety inspection, greater transparency measures, increased harmonization of standards, and others.
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Hoeren, Thomas, Tabea Ansorge, and Oliver Lampe. "Sustainability and Intellectual Property in Germany." In Sustainability Objectives in Competition and Intellectual Property Law. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44869-0_15.

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AbstractIntellectual property rights offer diverse opportunities to promote sustainability. However, they are currently not being used to their full potential. This section provides an overview of the current state of opportunities in Germany and identifies opportunities for further improvements.
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Gouveia, Bernardo, David Aveiro, Dulce Pacheco, Duarte Pinto, and Duarte Gouveia. "Fact Model in DEMO - Urban Law Case and Proposal of Representation Improvements." In Advances in Enterprise Engineering XIV. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74196-9_10.

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Padrón, Thais Guerrero, Ljubinka Kovačević, and Mª Isabel Ribes Moreno. "Labour Law and Gender." In Gender-Competent Legal Education. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_17.

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AbstractThe chapter presents an overview of key labour law institutions, aiming at discussing the importance of the gender perspective in labour law. Therefore, the introductory section of the chapter will put this issue into the context of historical and conceptual framework genesis of regulating employment relationships. These issues are connected with the legal subordination and economic dependence of employees, which produce the need to create and implement norms that protect employees, as a weaker party to the employment relationship. This includes the limitation of employers’ (managerial, normative and disciplinary) prerogatives, in order to create the conditions for effective enjoyment of the right of jobseekers and employees for protection against gender-based discrimination. The labour law is, in this regard, traditionally conceived according to the model of a male worker, who is employed on the basis of a standard employment contract (open-ended full time employment contract). This then results in a failure to recognise or provide sufficient consideration of the specific needs that women have as participants in the labour market. The use of the feminist method, which included the understanding of gender as an analytical category in the field of labour law, opened up a new set of labour law issues. For example, in easing the ban on women working in physically demanding jobs, and the conceptualisation of the need to reconcile the professional and family duties of employees.. On the other hand, contemporary labour law, when creating conditions for achieving gender equality, is aimed primarily at women’s empowerment in the world of work. Persisting with this approach can lead to an oversimplified understanding of the principle of gender equality, ignoring the special needs of men in the world of work, as well as ignoring the importance of their role for consistent implementation of the principle of gender equality and women’s empowerment. The second section of the chapter will provide analysis of gender-based discrimination during the hiring process. Other sections will cover the risk of gender-based discrimination regarding rights, obligations and duties deriving from employment relationship, labour law measures to encourage improvements in the occupational safety and health, work-life balance for parents and caregivers, sexual harassment at work and promotion of gender equality in collective labour law.
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Vincze, Attila. "Talking Past Each Other: On Common Misperceptions in the Rule of Law Debate." In Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54674-8_9.

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Abstract This chapter deals with shortcomings of the EU policies vis-à-vis Hungary and partially also Poland. Firstly, it depicts the argument that the EU’s diagnosis of illiberal backsliding is too narrow. When assessing the quality of democracy in Hungary and Poland, the Commission and the European Parliament almost exclusively focus on recent constitutional changes, and thereby overlook many other deficits which lead to a distorted picture. Secondly, there is a legitimate debate on the meaning of the basic values of the EU. Article 2 TEU contains many open-textured expressions, which might be understood differently. Thirdly, due to the incomplete diagnosis, the instruments currently being used to combat backsliding tendencies seem ill-suited on the one hand, and, on the other, the EU surprisingly does not seem to make best use of currently available tools. The chapter concludes by highlighting and discussing possible improvements of EU strategies towards backsliding states.
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Apresia, F., T. Elfitasari, and T. Susilowati. "The influence of WhatsApp on improvements for fish farmers: A lesson from Semarang City, Indonesia." In Emerging Trends in Psychology, Law, Communication Studies, Culture, Religion, and Literature in the Global Digital Revolution. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429322259-24.

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Zacks, Rose T., and Lynn Hasher. "Memory in Life, Lab, and Clinic: Implications for Memory Theory." In Memory Improvement. Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2760-1_13.

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Abrahamsen, Maria B. "EMS quality improvement and the law." In Emergency Medical Services. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118990810.ch74.

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Combrinck, Heléne. "Change or improvement?1." In Routledge Handbook of Mental Health Law. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003226413-32.

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Kozień, Ewa, and Adam Kozień. "EFFICIENCY OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW." In Quality Production Improvement - QPI, edited by Robert Ulewicz. Sciendo, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/9783110680591-028.

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Conference papers on the topic "Improvements (Law)"

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Kayıhan, Şaban, and Mehmet Eski. "International Economy Law Concept and the Source of International Economy Law." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01366.

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Depending on the justification of the domination promulgates Law principles which is related with the multi-areas of the social life and assures implementation of Law rules due to its judicial power. However, nowadays implementation of State’s Law principles has been gradually damaged. In fact, not only markets transformed into the world bazaar with the globalization but also the participants of the markets acts global. As a result of the findings of the economic facts, one State’s cross-border trade and beside the national law which regulates the economic actions, normative arrangements increase which adjust identical subjects and receive the sources from different fields and in order for the operation of the current adjustment they create novice establishments with the view point of showing action in different types of areas. As a parallel of these improvements “international economy law” which arranges the international economical actions in the western countries and examines the law principles as a whole which is usually founded dispersedly is developed. Cross border economical actions constitute the subject of a lots of diversified law arrangement. While some of them are the characters of public law and private law, the others originate from international law. Fractionally, nonbinding rules are also inclusive here. At this point the whole law regulations which are about the international rules, determines the scope of international law relations. So in this research, in accordance with the globalization, our purpose is to examine the source and term of the international economy law.
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Vachss, F., J. Hong, and S. Campbell. "Photorefractive square-law converter." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fy3.

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As a method of optically addressed spatial light modulation (SLM), real-time holography in photorefractive materials offers a highly desirable combination of dynamic range, resolution, and sensitivity. Unfortunately, true holographic recording requires a reference beam that is coherent with the information-bearing beam. This requirement was eliminated with the development of the photorefractive inchoherent-to-coherent converter (PICOC) device,1 which used an incoherent information-bearing input beam to locally erase a photorefractive grating. In attaining compatibility with incoherent sources, however, this device sacrificed the wide dynamic range of real-time holography. In particular, uniformity of response is obtained only with weak signal beams—a situation inherently resulting in a low-contrast output. To circumvent this difficulty we have devised a new photorefractive SLM technique in which high-contrast and incoherent-source compatibility are simultaneously achieved. Specifically, by superimposing our input image on an external fixed-amplitude grating and incoherently imaging the composite result into a photorefractive crystal, we may write a corresponding index grating into the material. We show that this grating may be read out by means of standard holographic techniques to yield a coherent replica of the image without the contrast loss associated with the PICOC device. In particular, we show that although this new device offers resolution equivalent to that of the PICOC, substantial improvements in both the dynamic range and the available range of response speed are achieved.
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Sugahara, Masashi, Keichi Noto, Atsushi Idoji, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, Kenta Hanai, and Takeo Kondo. "A User Evaluation Study on the Universal Network of the Water Transportation in the Seto Inland Sea in Japan." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50084.

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As Japan has increasingly becoming a so-called “super-aging society,” and the number of people with mobility impairment has increased, the barrier-free improvements have been implemented to public facilities so far. After the New Barrier-free Law has been enforced, however, the conceptual basis of such improvements has been shifting toward the universal design, based on the idea that everybody should be able to use facilities impartially. This study clarifies the present situation and problems of the barrier-free improvements from a passenger ship terminal to the inside of a ship, and elucidates improvement issues of nodal points of future marine and land transport. We carried out a questionnaire and site survey for the Hiroshima Port Ujina Passenger Boat Terminal, as well as the ships used, where the improvements are made based on the New Barrier-free Law.
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Deldar, Majid, and Sohel Anwar. "Optimal Control of a Hydrostatic Wind Turbine Drivetrain for Efficiency Improvements." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5071.

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To increase productivity of a wind power plant, the overall loss of its drivetrain should be minimized. For hydrostatic transmission wind turbine (HTSWT), aerodynamic efficiency of the rotor and the hydrostatic efficiency of pump and motor determine the overall loss. In this study, optimal control theory is utilized to develop a control law that minimizes the overall loss. A nonlinear model is considered for the drivetrain and a performance index (PI) is defined for the overall loss subject to system constraints which were then used to derive the optimal control law based on Pontryagin Minimum Principle (PMP),. Simulation results verified that the controller was able to maximize the drive-train efficiency. At very low wind speed, a trade-off is observed between aerodynamic and hydrostatic efficiency. For higher wind speed where the hydrostatic efficiency asymptotically reaches its maximum efficiency maximum output power coincided with maximum power point tracking of input wind power.
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Opiela, John N. "Improvements to NASA's Estimation of Ground Casualties from Reentering Space Objects." In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-iaa.5.4.03.

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Morgan, John S. "National Institute of Justice (NIJ): improving the effectiveness of law enforcement via homeland security technology improvements (Keynote Address)." In Defense and Security, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.606901.

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Gardi, Roberto. "Final Improvements and Tests on a SMA Actuated, Lightweight Mechanism for Microsatellite." In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-i.4.08.

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Rasnačs, Lauris. "Potential Improvements in the Laws of the Republic of Latvia Concerning the Protection of the Trade Secrets." In The 7th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.7.17.

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Homan, K. O. "Second Law Aspects of Simplified Models for Sensible Thermal Storage." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1335.

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Abstract This paper presents results for entropy generation during the inflow of a low temperature stream into a sensible thermal storage vessel initially filled with a uniformly high temperature liquid. The level of internal entropy generation due to thermal mixing between the cold and hot liquid corresponds to losses in the usable fraction of the stored volume and therefore decreased efficiency. Empirically, the observed behavior of sensible storage devices spans the range of nearly mixed to well stratified. In this investigation, analytical models for these two limits, the fully mixed and ideally stratified conditions, are used to bound the entropy generation levels of the observed behaviors. A numerical model for stratified storage systems based on the one-dimensional convective energy equation which accounts for aspects of the observed thermal mixing is then examined in relation to the afore-mentioned limits. The results show that even at moderate throughflow rates, the fully mixed and ideally stratified limits are separated by orders of magnitude in terms of entropy generated. The empirically-based numerical model exhibits mixing levels midway between these two limits and thereby underscores the potential for significant improvements in efficiency. Examination of the numerical model shows the crucial importance of resolving the evolution of the interior thermal layer and the boundary heat fluxes in computing the entropy generation.
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Braun, R. J., R. A. Gaggioli, and W. R. Dunbar. "Improvements of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Power Plant via Exergy Analysis." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0291.

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Abstract A proposed molten carbonate fuel cell power plant design, intended for commercial production by the end of the 1990’s and developed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Gas Research Institute, has been analyzed with exergy analysis. The commercial production units, targeted for dispersed power generation markets, are based on an existing demonstration molten carbonate fuel cell power plant design which entered the start-up phase in early 1996. Exergy analysis of the commercial plant design shows the overall, second-law system efficiency to be 53 percent. The principal inefficiency, 17 percent of the total, lies in the catalytic combustor. Another major inefficiency is the stack loss, 14 percent. Heat transfer accounts for approximately 6% of the loss. System reconfigurations, incorporating a steam cycle with reheat (System I) and a gas turbine cycle (System II), both with revised heat exchanger networks, for significant improvement are proposed and evaluated. The second-law system efficiency is raised to 66% in System I and to 70% for System II.
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Reports on the topic "Improvements (Law)"

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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.

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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use &amp; Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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Levy, Paulo. Preconditions for Establishing Structural Fiscal Balances in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Case of Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006964.

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Fiscal policy has been at the center of Brazil's economic dynamics and performance for more than 30 years. In this line, the approval and implementation of a Fiscal Responsibility Law in 2000 was a key step in supporting fiscal sustainability and the transparency of fiscal accounts. Despite these improvements, removing the uncertainties and addressing the imbalances that still persist in fiscal policy-a long-term trend of rising expenditures and tax burden-will be a crucial step when considering further modifications to the current framework, especially regarding the introduction of a structural fiscal balance rule.
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Meneses, Juan Francisco, and José Luis Saboin. Growth Recoveries (from Collapses). Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003419.

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.
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Aldendifer, Elise, McKenzie Coe, Taylor Faught, et al. The Safe and Efficient Development of Offshore Transboundary Hydrocarbons: Best Practices from the North Sea and Their Application to the Gulf of Mexico. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Energy, Environmental, & Natural Resource Systems, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.offshoretransboundaryhydrocarbons.

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Offshore hydrocarbon resources have been developed for many decades, and with technology improvements, many fields which were once impossible to develop, are now economically and technologically feasible. This has led to a growing difficulty in determining the legislative and regulatory framework for resources that straddle the recognized borders between two states. In this paper, we examine a successful framework agreement governing the transboundary resources between the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Norway in the North Sea, and the agreement between the United States and Mexico governing the Gulf of Mexico. Following the 2013 Energy Reform, the Mexican energy sector has been revitalized, leading to greater exploration, development, and production than ever before. This means that in the near future transboundary resources may be licensed for production, bringing the issues highlighted in this paper to the attention of multiple government and international entities. This paper seeks to recommend improvements to the transboundary framework in the Gulf of Mexico based on the successful framework agreement utilized in the North Sea. This paper begins by introducing international law for offshore resources in Part II. Part III discusses the offshore regulatory regimes in the U.K. and Norway, analyzing how the two states have successfully used bilateral agreements to facilitate cooperation regarding effective exploitation and apportionment of costs from cross-boundary offshore oil and gas projects in the North Sea. Part IV discusses the offshore regulatory regimes in the United States and Mexico and analyzes the current transboundary agreement in place for the Gulf of Mexico. Part V compares the transboundary agreement governing the North Sea and the same governing the Gulf of Mexico. We highlight the major differences in the agreements and suggest changes to the Gulf of Mexico agreement based on the successful North Sea agreement. Finally, this paper concludes and provides key policy recommendations to improve the rules and regulations surrounding the exploitation of transboundary hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Carreras, B. A., V. E. Lynch, N. Dominguez, J. N. Leboeuf, and J. F. Lyon. Confinement improvement of low-aspect-ratio torsatrons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6356506.

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Boehm, Ted W., and Jim Handy. Central HMA Acceptance Lab Process Improvement Project. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317078.

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Peixoto Gomes, Larissa, James Downe, and Manon Roberts. Reform of electoral law and practice. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20220325.

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The WCPP was asked to research how changes in electoral administration have affected turnout internationally, to inform Welsh Government decisions in this area and suggest possible areas of improvement. There were four areas of focus: Candidate and agent safety Innovative electoral practice Campaign finances and spending Early voting The role of electoral management bodies was also analysed.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.
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Boehm, Ted W., and Jim Handy. Central HMA Acceptance Lab Process Improvement Implementation Plan Project. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317130.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) Central Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Acceptance Lab was opened on March 29, 2018 at the Office of Materials Management (OMM) facility in Indianapolis. The state-of-the-art lab conducts acceptance testing on HMA samples from INDOT’s Crawfordsville and Greenfield districts, as well as testing of appeals samples from the other four INDOT districts. Each HMA sample undergoes multiple sequences acceptance testing processes. In 2019, project SPR-4353 “Central HMA Acceptance Lab Process Improvement Project” was conducted with the goal to improve organization, flow of work and efficiency in the central region HMA Acceptance Lab for all tests done, and provide implementation leading to the reduction of turnaround time from six days to four days. This project follows key recommended actions from SPR-4353 to implementation.
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Palmer-Jones, Richard, Nipont Dilokkunanant, Boontham Phonyiam, Sompit Punyaratabandhu, Tiwaporn Sutthiwongse, and Somporn Hanpongpandh. Impact evaluation of Mae Lao irrigation improvement project, Thailand. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/ow1077.

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