Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Improvements (Law)'

International criminality has been a challenging phenomenon for national police forces for years. States have developed international police cooperation relations and extradition instruments in order to fight international criminal activity. This treatise explores the reasons for the rise in transnational organized crime activities in Europe and presents an in-depth explanation concerning the emergence, mandates, and structures of multilateral police collaboration systems such as Interpol, Trevi, Schengen, and Europol. Since the extradition has become an inseparable part of international policing, this study examines the improvements in extradition procedure and emphasizes the importance of extradition. Finally this study compares traditional (European Convention on Extradition of 1957) and new (European Arrest Warrant) extradition systems.

A new method of adaptive impulse control is developed to precisely and quickly control the position of machine components subject to friction. Friction dominates the forces affecting fine positioning dynamics. Friction can depend on payload, velocity, step size, path, initial position, temperature, and other variables. Control problems such as steady-state error and limit cycles often arise when applying conventional control techniques to the position control problem. Studies in the last few decades have shown that impulsive control can produce repeatable displacements as small as ten nanometers without limit cycles or steady-state error in machines subject to dry sliding friction. These displacements are achieved through the application of short duration, high intensity pulses. The relationship between pulse duration and displacement is seldom a simple function. The most dependable practical methods for control are self-tuning; they learn from online experience by adapting an internal control parameter until precise position control is achieved. To date, the best known adaptive pulse control methods adapt a single control parameter. While effective, the single parameter methods suffer from sub-optimal settling times and poor parameter convergence. To improve performance while maintaining the capacity for ultimate precision, a new control method referred to as Adaptive Impulse Control (AIC) has been developed. To better fit the nonlinear relationship between pulses and displacements, AIC adaptively tunes a set of parameters. Each parameter affects a different range of displacements. Online updates depend on the residual control error following each pulse, an estimate of pulse sensitivity, and a learning gain. After an update is calculated, it is distributed among the parameters that were used to calculate the most recent pulse. As the stored relationship converges to the actual relationship of the machine, pulses become more accurate and fewer pulses are needed to reach each desired destination. When fewer pulses are needed, settling time improves and efficiency increases. AIC is experimentally compared to conventional PID control and other adaptive pulse control methods on a rotary system with a position measurement resolution of 16000 encoder counts per revolution of the load wheel. The friction in the test system is nonlinear and irregular with a position dependent break-away torque that varies by a factor of more than 1.8 to 1. AIC is shown to improve settling times by as much as a factor of two when compared to other adaptive pulse control methods while maintaining precise control tolerances.

Thesis (M.L.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997.<br>Includes special study report entitled: A plant selection study at the entrance area and the highway of the Hong Kong new airport at Chek Lap Kok. Includes bibliographical references.

With the expansion of the open market system and globalization, employees increasingly need more protection from the law. So how to properly and efficiently develop a labour law system is becoming an important question for many countries. China is one country facing this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to explore this question. It will examine the weaknesses existing in current Chinese labour law system through a comparative analysis with South Africa's labour law system, establishing the main influences which impact on the Chinese labour law system. Finally, it will demonstrate that the use of legal transplantation would help the Chinese labour law system.

There have been several attempts to establish efficient methods to convert the energy of marine waves into electrical power. Wells turbine, with an Oscillating Water Column (OWC), is one of such methods. Wells turbine is the most common type of self-rectifying air turbine employed by OWC wave energy devices due to its technical simplicity, reliability, and design robustness. Because Wells turbine is subject to early stall, which negatively limits its performance, there were many endeavours to improve the energy extraction performance of Wells turbine within the stall regime. However,those endeavours were based only on the first law of thermodynamics analysis, without relying on the second law analysis. Since the second law of thermodynamics is concerned with the generation rate of entropy and accordingly the useful work, it is important to take the entropy generation rate into account while improve the performance of Wells turbine. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse and improve the performance of Wells turbine under sinusoidal wave based on the entropy generation minimization method for various passive flow control technique parameters. To achieve this purpose, two-dimensional numerical models for Wells turbine aerofoils under sinusoidal wave flow conditions were built and used to investigate the single and multi-slots as passive flow control means. Different operating conditions with various design parameters were investigated. Furthermore, the turbine blade with optimum slots number, location and angle were investigated using the oscillating water system based on the real data from the northern coast of Egypt. Firstly, in addition to the commonly used first law analysis, the present study utilized an entropy generation minimization method to examine the impact of the flow control method on the entropy generation characteristics around the turbine blade. The obtained results indicate that the global entropy generation rate has a different value according to the aerofoil design. It was determined that a certain aerofoil geometry always gives a global entropy generation rate less than that of other aerofoil geometries under sinusoidal inlet velocity. Furthermore, the angle of attack radically affects the second law efficiency. Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation was carried out on the passive flow control effect on the entropy generation as well as the torque coefficient. It was found that with the use of passive flow control, the entropy generation around the aerofoil section increases. On the other hand, torque coefficient of aerofoil increases before the stall happens and continues to increase within the stall regime. A significantly delayed stall is also observed with the use of the passive flow control. Moreover, aerofoils with two,three and four slots were investigated to improve the performance of Wells turbine in the stall regime. The optimum slots number and locations were determined based on minimizing the global entropy generation rate in addition to increasing the torque coefficient. Furthermore, the optimum angle for single slot aerofoil was confirmed to provide a lower global entropy generation rate as well as a higher torque coefficient than the zero angle slot before and after the stall. Finally, from the modelling results, it can be concluded that the operating conditions based on real data for the northern coast of Egypt are very suitable for the oscillating water column system with Wells turbine as a wave energy converter. Moreover, by adopting the optimum slots number, location, and angle, the performance of Wellsturbine can be significantly improved for a wide range of operating conditions.

This thesis examines how power is constituted in hybrid polycentric systems of security governance. In particular, the thesis explores how legitimacy - as one form of power - is configured in Improvement Districts in South Africa, with a specific focus on three ways by which it is gained: through promoting public participation in decision-making; through transparent and accountable policing nodes; and through the delivery of effective security for the public good. Polycentric systems of security governance are usually composed of a number of policing or security nodes that are independent of each other, but take account of each other in relationships of co-operation or conflict and where no single node dominates all the rest. In other words, some or all of these nodes, may co-ordinate around specific security problems or events in a sustained manner. The functioning of polycentric security governance was explored in Improvement Districts in Cape Town and Johannesburg, as they are an exemplar of polycentricity in the way that they operate. Qualitative field research was employed using a nodal analytical framework and a collective case study approach. In-depth interviewing, participant and direct observation as well as documentary analysis were the primary research methods employed. The findings of the research reveal that polycentricity impacts on legitimacy in a number of ways. Legitimacy may originate from multiple sources and state and non-state policing nodes within polycentric security governance systems may undermine, enhance and/or co-produce democratic participation, accountability and security for the public interest. There are a number of factors or conditions that shape whether polycentric systems of governance are legitimate and how they derive this legitimacy. The main finding of the thesis is that for a polycentric system to be aligned to the public interest, it needs to be motivated by public, peer and political expectations, amongst other things. The findings of the thesis both challenge the normative tendency to associate democratic legitimacy with the state and contribute to the pressing question of how to theoretically account for the empirical reality of polycentric security governance systems.

Practice and law around informed consent in healthcare have undergone a revolution for the better over recent decades. However the way we obtain informed consent remains problematic and is imbued with irreducible but not ineliminable uncertainty. The reasons for this uncertainty are varied. The uncertainty is partly due to the conceptual opacity of important core concepts. The complexity of communication in clinical encounters is another. The role of autonomy, and the changing nature of the clinician patient relationship, have also contributed to this uncertainty remaining. This thesis is not a panacea for these difficulties. However there have been two quite profound revolutions in healthcare over the last decade or so, namely, the introduction of evidence-based medicine into clinical decision making, and the institutionalization of clinical governance and the application of quality improvement philosophy. I have examined ways in which these two “movements” can help in reducing some of the uncertainty in the practice of informed consent.

Technology transfer is crucial for China to gain advanced technology so as to facilitate its economy’s growth, as well as to improve its enterprise’s competitiveness. However, anti-competitive restrictions imposed on technology transfers not only severely restrict or eliminate the competition but also limit the technological advancement of China. The existing legislation was considered to be insufficient for effectively intervening in these technology transfer issues in China and requires much improvement. Above all, this thesis discusses how the application of competition law to technology transfer can achieve innovation, efficiency, and consumer welfare, and advocates the exploitation of an effects-based approach to assess the intervention of competition law with intellectual property rights (IPRs). The thesis observes that a number of anticompetitive issues have occurred in the Chinese technology market. Nevertheless, Chinese legislation on the interface of IPRs and competition law has been delayed, which is one of the reasons for the inadequacy evident in the historical review. Whilst the existing legislation cannot properly address these issues. Finally, the thesis provides proposals with comprehensive guidelines for China to deal with some primary anti-competitive issues, including price fixing, price discrimination, allocation of markets, tying, grant-back, and refusals to license. Based on an effects-based approach, the proposals draw on the experiences of the United States and the European Union, whilst also considering China’s unique characteristics. In sum, China requires guidelines that embody an effects-based approach, far more nuanced and sophisticated than current provisions, in order to address these complex and troublesome issues involving the interface of IPRs, competition law, and the effective operation of a modern, technology-dominated market.

The carrier identity problem is one that may arise in the context of the international carriage of goods by sea. This problem may arise in a variety of ways particularly when the carriage arrangements are complex or where there is no clear documentary evidence that may assist in the identification of the contractual carrier. The identification of the carrier is a question of fact that can be drawn from the circumstances surrounding the carriage contract and the transport documents issued in relation to the carriage of goods by sea. The core question in solving this problem is to ask is which party assumed responsibility for the carriage and delivery of the goods. There are various ways in which the carrier may be identified, however, it must be understood that the solution to the carrier identity problem is not so straightforward. The carrier identity problem can stem from the way in which these methods of identifying the carrier are executed in practice. The dissertation argues that the relevant provisions of the Rotterdam Rules relating to the identity of the carrier are an improvement on the relevant provisions in the Hague-Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules in that they provide a more coherent and clearer solution to the carrier identity problem than the previous carriage regimes did as well as providing solutions where the previous dispensations did not. The dissertation does not address all manifestations of the carrier identity problem, instead three specific examples are used to highlight the various aspects of the fundamental problem in order to assess whether the Rotterdam Rules have been an improvement on the previous carriage regimes. These specific instances are; when there is insufficient information to identify person or entity that is the contractual carrier; when there are different contractual and performing parties and; the carrier identity problem in the context of multimodal transportation. The Rotterdam Rules aim to be more an extensive and uniform set of Rules attempting to be a reflection of modern commercial practice in tune with the current trends and practices. The Rotterdam Rules provide what can be labelled as pre-emptive and reactive measures which seek to prevent the carrier identity problem from arising as well as providing solutions for situations when the carrier identity problems arise. This dissertation assesses whether the Rotterdam Rules, as compared to the previous dispensations do provide solutions to the carrier identity problems as well as whether such solutions are adequate to fully address these identified problems.

Employee Engagement in a Cardiac Catheterization Lab by Rhonda J. Smith Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University February 2016 This study adds to the existing body of knowledge on employee engagement and workplace climate in the catheter laboratory setting. The study goals were to discover the current state of workplace satisfaction and then to share the results with the staff to determine what to improve and how to guide them through the Lean process. This study was guided by Kanter's structural empowerment theory, which holds that structural factors inside the workplace have a greater impact on employee work feelings and behaviors than do the employees' own personal tendencies. It was also guided by the Lean model, which aims to transform an organization's culture via a customer-focused method to constantly produce improvement opportunities, remove waste, and create value. This project utilized a descriptive research design. The catheter laboratory staff were e-mailed a link to complete a staff engagement and workplace climate survey. The survey was based off of a prior staff satisfaction survey used by the organization for consistency, but was not validated in the process. This survey provided a means to establish employee attitudes on several aspects analyzed by a 7 point-Likert scale. Of the 19 staff members who received the survey, 11 completed it, yielding a 60% response rate. Overall, the staff indicated that they were satisfied with their job and enjoyed working in their department. The findings from this survey were shared with the catheter laboratory staff and they chose to work on improving teamwork with departments outside of cardiology. The results of this study reinforce existing literature that demonstrates that employees who are engaged in the workplace are happier and more productive. The concept of staff engagement has been linked to higher quality patient outcomes, greater financial viability, increased productivity, and higher employee satisfaction.

The doctoral thesis is dealing with the phenomenon of economic crime in the context of Nepal, i.e. a developing country situated between two big emerging States, China and India. The study starts by explaining objectives and methods of the work, then it gives a short overview about the actual social, economic and political situation of Nepal. Chapter 3 concentrates on the definitions of "economic crime" and describes seven different types, starting with corruption and ending with money laundering. The explanation of these various types is completed by sketching the relevant working agencies the task of which is to fight against specific crimes. In the next chapter, the author at first shows the structure of the Nepali legal order and organisation, before he is looking at various laws/acts relating to economic crime. At the end of chapter 4, he is trying to compare those laws and to assess their stringency and efficiency. Chapter 5 deals more detailledly with relevant working agencies and is structured similar to the previous one, i.e. it explains the organisation, task and powers of each agency as well as their cooperation and, at the end, it tries to assess common features, parallels as well as divergencies between them. Chapter 6 is based upon field studies of the author. On the one hand, it shows the results from questionnaires which were handed out to a lot of persons in Nepal and which might give a rather broad impression about various aspects of economic crime in this country. On the other hand, a very prominent case (Governor and Director of Nepal Rastra Bank) is looked at more intensively, and the author has scanned important original documents in order to give a clear account of its main features. At last, by summing up theoretical, normative and empirical components the author has been caused to deliver some proposals of his own for remedies relating to economic crime, in particular concerning improvements of control mechanisms and establishing a single working agency with different departments for the fight against economic crime<br>Die rechtswissenschaftliche Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Phänomen von "economic crime" (Wirtschaftsstraftaten) im Kontext Nepals, d.h. eines Entwicklungslandes, das zwischen zwei großen Schwellenländern, China und Indien, gelegen ist. Die Untersuchung beginnt mit einer Erläuterung von Zielen und Methoden der Arbeit und gibt dann einen kurzen Überblick über die gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche und politische Lage Nepals. Kap. 3 widmet sich den Definitionen von "economic crime" und beschreibt sieben unterschiedliche Typen, von Korruption bis Geldwäsche. Die Darstellung dieser verschiedenen Typen wird ergäzt durch einen Blick auf die zuständigen staatlichen Stellen, die mit dem Kampf gegen "economic crime" befasst sind. Im nächsten Kapitel zeigt der Verfasser zunächst die Struktur der Rechtsordnung und Staatsorganisation Nepals auf, bevor er sich zahlreichen Rechtsvorschriften bezüglich "economic crime" zuwendet. Am Schluss des 4. Kapitels ist er bestrebt, diese Vorschriften zu vergleichen und ihre Stringenz und Effizienz zu würdigen. Kap. 5 befasst sich ausführlicher mit den zuständigen (Verwaltungs-) Stellen und ist ähnlich aufgebaut wie das vorherige, d.h. es erläutert Aufbau, Aufgabe und Befugnisse jeder Stelle sowie deren Zusammenarbeit und versucht schließlich, Gemeinsamkeiten, Parallelen und Unterschiede zu verdeutlichen. Kap. 6 stützt sich auf Feldstudien des Verfassers. Einerseits zeigt es die Ergebnisse einer Erhebung per Fragebogen auf, den eine Vielzahl von Personen in Nepal erhielten und ausfüllten und durch den wichtige Eindrücke über verschiedene Aspekte von "economic crime" in diesem Land vermittelt werden. Andererseits wird ein überaus prominenter Fall (Gouverneur und Direktor der Nepal Rastra Bank) eigehender erörtert und der Verfasser gibt im Text wichtige Originaldokumente wieder, um die wesentlichen Züge dieses Vorfalls deutlich zu machen. Abschließend stützt sich der Verfasser auf theoretische, normative und empirische Erkenntnisse zur Unterbreitung eigener Vorschläge für Maßnahmen ("remedies") gegen "economic crime", vor allem im Hinblick auf eine Verbesserung der Überwachung und des Vollzugs sowie der Errichtung einer einzigen zuständigen Behörde mit mehreren Abteilungen zum Kampf gegen Wirtschaftsstraftaten

Romance fraud has an immense impact on millions of individuals globally every year. Romance fraud is one of the most difficult modus operandi to investigate as the perpetrator often is unknown and the funds are often transferred cross-border to mule accounts. The aim of this paper is to identify weaknesses and improvement possibilities in the cooperation between the law enforcement and the financial institutions in the work against romance fraud.  Six interviews were conducted with four fraud investigators from a financial institution and two representatives from law enforcement. The results indicate that there are multiple weaknesses in the cooperation such as dark figures and the unwillingness to file a police report from the victim due to feelings of shame and guilt. Further, there is a need to implement technical solutions such as improved communication channels in the forms of a national and international forum where information and data can be exchanged in a more rapid manner. In conclusion, it can be stated that romance fraud is a resilient and problematic crime type which presents multiple issues for all actors involved both when it comes to investigation and prevention. More comprehensive investigation into detailed communication solutions and common platforms between all involved actors are needed. Moreover, technical solutions which assist law enforcement in identifying the perpetrators committing these crimes need further development and research.

This diploma thesis focuses on the tangible fixed assets of the accounting and tax perspective. The analysis of the first part of this thesis proceeds in basic theoretical and legislative framework, both in Czech and international perspective. There is also analyzed the cycle of tangible fixed assets, which is dealt with in detail their acquisition, use and disposal. In the practical part there are selected facts, which took place at the company engaged in property lease and tangible assets directly related. These facts are then commented on accounting and tax perspective.

The South African education system has been undergoing a process of transformation and democratisation. An historical overview of democracy in the South Africa education system confirms that the system had developed to become a highly centralised and bureaucratic system during the twentieth century, but it was transformed in 1996 to afford a greater degree of parental participation through local school governing bodies. Democracy is founded on a belief in individual rights, equality, and self-government by the majority of the people. The moral authority of the majority is based on the notion that there is more enlightenment and wisdom between many than in a single man. However, the power of the majority is always limited by the prerequisite of the rule of law and the implicit requirements of legality and justice. This implies that bureaucratic or undemocratic exercise of power by the majority or any person, including the state, would be contrary to the requirements of legality and democracy. An overview of the theories of democracy explains the complexities of the different orientations and ideological approaches to democracy. Critiques of democracy have identified an elitist, inegalitarian, and antiparticipatory core in liberal democracy. The sensible approach to these weaknesses of liberal democracy is to integrate the best features of the various theories of democracy towards a workable solution to manage the systemic conflicts. This includes the formal application of checks and balances and the substantive adjustment of the executive, legislative and judicial practice to maintain a harmonious equilibrium between equality and liberty. The theory of deliberative democracy suggests an additional way to improve substantive democracy. There is an inextricable link between democracy, education and the law. The South African Constitution provides for representative (political) and participatory democracy, as well as for the enshrinement of fundamental rights such as the right to basic education. In addition, the education legislation and policies contain numerous provisions that prescribe and necessitate democratisation of the education system. However, the empirical results of the study show that a number of controversial bureaucratic practices and a tendency towards increased centralisation of the system, constrain democratic school governance. The most prominent undemocratic practices in the system inter alia include: the over-politicisation of schools by the dominant teachers’ union; the bureaucratic appointment of educators; the interference by teachers’ unions with the appointment of educators, the bureaucratic imposition of English medium language policies on Afrikaans schools; and • the ambivalent attitude towards inclusive education. An investigation into the knowledge levels of senior education administrators, school principals and school governing chairpersons, which participated in this study, revealed that their knowledge of participatory democracy and Education Law was superficial. This ignorance of these stakeholders in education compounds the problem of effectively administering, managing and governing schools in a democratic manner. Conclusions drawn from the evidence of this study suggests that certain of the encumbrances to democracy in schools and the system can be attributed to systemic weaknesses, as well as to misconceptions and the misapplication of democratic principles. Finally, the study proposes two models to improve democratic school governance. The first model suggests a theoretical framework for improving the power relations, knowledge, civic attitudes and democratic values. The final model, which is based on the first theoretical model, proposes that Area School Boards be statutorily established to govern defunctive schools and that deliberative forums should be established and implemented within the organisational hierarchy of the education system.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009

Bakgrund: Enligt patientsäkerhetslagen 2010:659 ska vårdgivare årligen skriva en patientsäkerhetsberättelse. Granskning av 76 patientsäkerhetsberättelser i Stockholms läns landsting (SLL) visade bristande kunskap om hur den skrivs och bristfällig förståelse för patientsäkerhet, främst bland mindre vårdgivare. Hälso- och sjukvårdsadministratörer kunde inte besvara vårdgivarnas frågor om patientsäkerhetsberättelsen, varför ett förbättringsprojekt initierades för att skapa stödmaterial samt nyttiggöra patientsäkerhetsberättelsen.   Syfte: Att belysa hur ett statligt styrinitiativ hanterades i praktiken i SLL och vilka erfarenheter som kunde knytas till praktikprojektet i hälso-och sjukvårdsadministrationen, hos vårdgivare och i interaktionen dem emellan samt om insatserna bidrog till ökad förståelse för patientsäkerhet.   Metod: Studien var en deskriptiv fallstudie. Datainsamlingen bestod av intervjuer med vårdgivare och hälso-och sjukvårdsadministratörer och dokumentanalys. Analyserna var kvalitativ och kvantitativ innehållsanalys.   Resultat: I uppföljning av vårdgivare nyttiggjordes patientsäkerhetsberättelsen med stöd av mall och manual. Interaktionen mellan vårdgivare och hälso- och sjukvårdsadministratör gick från kontroll till dialog. Lärande, och i viss mån förståelse för patientsäkerhet, ökade.   Slutsats: Genom att vara proaktiv och bereda stöd för vårdgivare att fullfölja sitt åtagande avseende patientsäkerhetsberättelse kunde flera vårdgivare bli varse sitt ansvar och skyldigheter. Förbättringsprojektet genomfördes med stöd av förbättringskunskap och hög delaktighet, ett arbetssätt som rekommenderas. Fortsatt forskning av styrningens effekter föreslås.<br>Background: Caregivers shall according to the patient safety act 2010:659 annually write a patient safety declaration. Review of 76 patient safety declarations in Stockholm County Council (SCC), Sweden, showed a lack of knowledge about how to write and inadequate understanding of patient safety, particularly among smaller caregivers. Healthcare administrators could not answer caregivers’ questions on the patient safety declaration, why an improvement project was initiated to create support and to make the patient safety declaration useful.       Aim: To illustrate how a state steering initiative was handled in practice in the SCC and the experiences associated with the improvement project in health care administration, among caregivers and the interaction between them, and whether the efforts contributed to increased understanding of patient safety.     Method: The study was a descriptive case study. The data collection was interviews of caregivers and healthcare administrators and document analysis. The analysies performed were qualitative and quantitative content analysis.     Results: The patient safety declaration was made useful in the follow up process of caregivers with support of a template and a manual. The interaction between caregivers and healthcare administrators went from monitoring to dialogue. Learning increased and also understanding of patient safety to some degree.   Conclusion: By being proactive and prepare support for caregivers to fulfill their commitment on patient safety declarations, several caregivers became aware of their responsibilities and obligations. The improvement project was accomplished with improvement knowledge and high level of participation, an approach that is recommended. Further research on the steering effects is suggested.

The South African Constitution ensures the right to adequate water, health services and a healthy environment (Government Gazette, 1996: 1251, 1255). Associated legislation and national strategies require that water resources and water services are rendered in a sustainable manner to ensure the rights enshrined in the Constitution are realised (Trialogue, 2010: 34; Government Gazette, 1998(c):11; Department of Water Affairs (DWA), 2003:9). South Africa is the 30th driest country in the world (DWA, 2013: iii), has impounded most of its surface water resources and has utilised 40 percent of the groundwater resource with remaining groundwater water quality uncertain (DWA, 2013:6-7). Despite achieving the basic water and sanitation Millennium Development Goals approximately 2.2 million and 4.5 million households still require access to basic services respectively (DWA, 2013:28-29). South Africa’s ten water boards play a key role in bulk water service provision. They supply 57 percent of the countries domestic water supply (DWA, 2013:19) and are required to provide sustainable water services (Government Gazette, 1997:35). The Department of Water Affairs (Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) as of June 2014) is mandated to monitor the performance of water boards and monitors of water boards through a Share Holders Compact (SHC) (Government Gazette, 1997: 50). The aim of the research is to achieve the following objectives: 1. Describe best practice for sustainability monitoring frameworks for water services. 2. Outline South Africa’s water services mandatory and voluntary requirements with regards to sustainability monitoring. 3. Evaluate South Africa’s current water services performance monitoring framework for water boards against findings from goals one and two. 4. Develop an improved framework for assessing South African water board’s performance in their compliance and sustainability journey. 5. Demonstrate the improved framework functionality with a sample of water boards audited performance data from the 2012/13 financial year. A qualitative normative theory evaluation research method was utilised to achieve first three objectives of the research. The objectives to first understand current best practice for sustainability monitoring frameworks and the mandatory requirements for water services sustainability monitoring frameworks in South Africa was achieved via an extensive literature review. The evaluation research method was used where South Africa’s current water services monitoring framework for water boards was evaluated for its adequacy to monitor sustainability compared with legislated requirements, national and international best practices (Hall et al, 2004: 55). Data collection for the evaluation research was sourced via documentation analysis. The 2012/13 water board audited annual reports, relevant national water services legislation, national and global water service sustainability monitoring best practices were critically reviewed. The review yielded a “thick description” of sustainability performance monitoring framework requirements that was used to evaluate the SHC (Holliday, 2002: 79). Despite the mandatory participation requirement for successful sustainability performance monitoring being met, the SHC was found to have inadequate aspects. It lacks an outcomes based approach, does not include environmental indicators, does not allow water board sustainability performance comparison and cannot indicate where individual water boards are on their sustainability journey. An improved sustainability performance monitoring framework for South African water boards is therefore proposed. This was developed with the assistance of an expert focus group drawn from multiple disciplines and organizations relevant to water board sustainability (Litosseliti, 2003: 8 and Hall et al, 2004: 51). The functionality of the framework is then demonstrated using 2012/13 audited performance data sourced from the annual reports of Overberg, Amatola, Rand and Umgeni Water boards. The proposed Water Services Sustainability Monitoring Framework (WSSMF) quantifies performance in terms of 10 water utility outcomes that are measured with 88 performance indicators that encompass the financial, social, environmental and governance dimensions of sustainability. The WSSMF demonstrated that the legislated intentions and best practice recommendations can be incorporated into an improved version of the SHC. Further refinement of the WSSMF is required. In depth engagement with DWS and all the water boards would promote the refinement of the indicator set, performance thresholds for indicators and indicator weighting. Further testing through a pilot project initiative would allow the WSSMF to be developed into a robust and adequate sustainability performance monitoring framework for South African water boards (Rametsteiner et al, 2011: 64; Muga and Mihelcic, 2008: 438; McAlphine and Birnie, 2005: 247 and van Leeuwen et al, 2012: 2192).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 12, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The environmental crisis processed in cities is notable for establishing spatial segregation , to the extent that social classes with greater purchasing power occupy privileged places whose urban planning is dictated by marketing reasons. Public parks are important environmental value of the elements of valuation of properties located in its surroundings, exacerbating social inequalities, since spending on the maintenance of these public goods is disproportionately distributed throughout society, while some privileges usufruct of ecosystem services derived from such assets are not equitably accessible to all. This research has the overall objective to analyze the possibility of incidence of Contribution Improvement - kind tax - to fund the maintenance of public parks, as a tool for the implementation of the State Environmental Law, with the following objectives: a) verify that the Constitution Federal 1988 is compatible with the State Environmental Law b) analyze the elements inherent Contribution Improvement and its compatibility with the State Environmental Law , and c) verify and quantify the influence of Parque Augusto Franco in market prices of apartments located its surroundings. Therefore, it is the literature on the subject, we calculate the average concentration of Total Suspended Particles in atmospheric air and applies the method of direct comparative market data, from information collected in the Department of Real Estate Registration the Municipal Farm ( Aracaju - SE), and data for supply of apartments located in the neighborhoods Grageru and Jardins second market prices available in classified newspapers and specialize in buying and selling real estate sites, as well as field research by through contacts with realtors and directly with the owners. The study questions that guided the objectives of this research were answered positively and confirmed the hypothesis: Parque Augusto Franco influences between 5.46 % to 20.74 % the average bid price of apartments located nearby the park, covering the neighborhoods Grageru and Jardins, and can legally and operationally, since the triggering event occurred and assessed the basis for calculating the incidence of Contribution Improvement - both for the cases of construction and renovation, and for maintenance of public parks - as a tool to enable urban access right to the city and how concretizing the State Environmental Law.<br>A crise ambiental processada nas cidades notabiliza-se por estabelecer segregação espacial, na medida em que as classes sociais de maior poder aquisitivo ocupam espaços privilegiados, cujo ordenamento urbanístico é ditado por razões mercadológicas. Os parques públicos de importante valor ambiental são um dos elementos de valorização de imóveis localizados em seu entorno, agravando as desigualdades sociais, já que os gastos com a manutenção desses bens públicos é repartido de forma desproporcional por toda a sociedade, ao passo que alguns privilégios de usufruto dos serviços ecossistêmicos oriundos de tais bens não são acessíveis de forma equânime por todos. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar a possiblidade de incidência da Contribuição de Melhoria espécie tributária para custeio na manutenção de parques públicos, como um instrumento de concretização do Estado de Direito Ambiental, tendo como objetivos específicos: a) verificar se a Constituição Federal de 1988 é compatível com o Estado de Direito Ambiental; b) analisar os elementos inerentes à Contribuição de Melhoria e sua compatibilidade com o Estado de Direito Ambiental; e c) verificar e quantificar a influência do Parque Augusto Franco nos preços de mercado dos apartamentos localizados em seu entorno. Para tanto, faz-se a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, calcula-se a concentração média de Partículas Totais em Suspensão no ar atmosférico e aplica-se o método direto comparativo de dados de mercado, a partir de informações coletadas no Departamento de Cadastro Imobiliário da Secretaria Municipal da Fazenda (Aracaju-SE), e de dados de oferta dos apartamentos localizados nos bairros Grageru e Jardins, segundo preços de mercado disponíveis em jornais classificados e sites especializados em compra e venda de imóveis, bem como em pesquisa de campo por meio de contatos com corretores de imóveis e diretamente com os proprietários. As questões de estudo que nortearam os objetivos desta pesquisa foram respondidas positivamente e as hipóteses confirmadas: o Parque Augusto Franco influencia entre 5,46% a 20,74% o preço médio de oferta dos apartamentos localizados nas proximidades do parque, abrangendo os bairros Grageru e Jardins, sendo possível jurídica e operacionalmente, desde que ocorrido o fato gerador e aferida a base de cálculo, a incidência da Contribuição de Melhoria tanto para os casos de construção e reforma, quanto para manutenção de parques públicos como instrumento urbanístico que possibilita o acesso do direito à cidade e como concretizador do Estado de Direito Ambiental.

This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the complexity of nature conservation within a regulatory context by exploring the capacity of English nature conservation law and policy to support the adaptation of decisions to constantly changing ecological conditions and competing interests. The researcher undertook a case study in the Humberhead Levels Nature Improvement Area in order to explore how conservation management operates in practice within the legal framework for nature conservation and how different nature conservation is on the ground. Law’s traditionally adversarial, linear and reductionist approach makes it ill-equipped to respond to these manifestations of social-ecological complexity. Adaptive management is proposed in this thesis as capable of responding to the challenges of uncertainty and conflict. Two models are identified: one that highlights the need for evolving scientific knowledge and another that provides a framework for conflict resolution, stressing the need for collaboration. The thesis suggests that within the English nature conservation legal framework adaptive management, albeit not prescribed, can apply. The thesis also suggests that law primarily sets a framework that delineates action. There are only a few cases where administrative action is prescribed by law. Even within designated areas, the approach taken is one of ‘regulated flexibility’. Wide administrative discretion, underpinned by judicial deference, allows for variable implementation, nevertheless against a set of firm rules to prevent abuse by all parties involved. Within this framework, it lies with the administration to set thresholds of flexibility and choose which of an array of available instruments to implement. The end result can be anywhere across a continuum from technocratic to collaborative, from static to adaptive decision making. The empirical study in the HHL NIA suggests that the scale is tipped in favour of the latter. Both models of adaptive management were evident, each being more prominent in certain stages of decision making. Finally, the thesis proposes that amendments such as a statutory requirement of proactive coherent management planning and the introduction of multilateral and collective agreements are some of the ways that the regime can “adapt” in order to become 'adaptive'.

Delaktighet är en mänsklig rättighet och är ett centralt begrepp inom funktionshindverksamheter. Brukare har rätt att utifrån sina förutsättningar leva ett självständigt liv med hög delaktighet enligt lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (LSS). I LSS och de nationella målen för funktionshinderpolitiken används uttrycket full delaktighet. Personer som har ett beslut om bostad med särskild service enligt LSS skall vara delaktiga i det stöd som planers. Genomförandeplaner skall upprättas ur ett jämlikhetsperspektiv och utgå från individens behov. Bristande delaktighet i planering, genomförande och uppföljning riskerar brukarnas möjligheter till ett självständigt liv. Syftet med förbättringsarbetet var att skapa öppningar och möjligheter för brukarnas delaktighet i utformningen av sina insatser genom att tillsammans med personal använda och utveckla befintliga arbetsmetoder. Studiens syfte var att utforska nivåer av delaktighet som uppnås och hur de kan förstås utifrån Shiers delaktighetsmodell. Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes med stöd av förbättringsverktyg såsom Nolans förbättringsmodell, PDSA-hjul, fiskbensdiagram och 6P. Studien av förbättringsarbetet var en kvalitativ fallstudie. Fokusgruppsintervjuer har utförts och data analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med deduktiv ansats. Den teoretiska referensramen utgick ifrån Shiers delaktighetsmodell (2001). Förbättringsarbetet resulterade i att alla brukare var delaktiga i sin egen genomförandeplanering och därmed vid sista mättillfället hade en korrekt, individanpassad och uppdaterad genomförandeplan. Att införa veckosamtal som en del av genomförandeplaneringen fungerade för vissa brukare, men inte alla.Resultatet från studien visar att brukare och personal anser att brukarna är mer delaktiga än tidigare och att förbättringsarbetet bidragit till fler öppningar och möjligheter. Dessa öppningar handlar om att personalen lyssnar till brukarna och tar tillvara deras erfarenheter för att utforma insatserna. En slutsats är att förbättringskunskap i kombination med delaktighetsmodellen fungerade för att göra brukaren till en aktiv medskapare av sin egen vardag och mindre av en passiv mottagare av insatser. En annan slutsats är att de nya arbetssätten fungerade olika bra beroende på brukarens kommunikationsförmåga.<br>” From receiver to co-creator” To increase user participation in assisted living facilities for adults through improved individual plan.  Participation is a human right and a central breakthrough in disability policy. Persons who have a decision on housing with special services according to LSS law must be involved in the support that is planned. Individual plan must be drawn up from an equality perspective and be based on the individual's needs. Lack of participation in planning and follow-up risks users’ opportunities for an independent life.The purpose of the improvement work was to create openings and opportunities for users' participation in the design of their efforts by using and developing existing working methods together with staff. The purpose of the study was to explore levels of participation that are achieved and how they can be understood based on the participation model.The improvement work was carried out with the support of improvement tools such as Nolan's improvement model, PDSA, program theory, the Ishikawa diagram and 6P. The study of the improvement work was a qualitative case study. Focus group interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach. The theoretical frame of reference was based on Shier’s participation model (2001).The results from the study show that users and staff believe that users are involved in many ways and that the improvement work has contributed to more openings and opportunities.One conclusion is that improvement knowledge in combination with the participation model was a working tool for making the user more of an active co-creator in their own everyday life and less of a passive recipient of contributions. Another conclusion is that the new working methods worked differently depending on the user's functional ability.

Esta investigación comprende la caracterización del suelo que conforma la subrasante de la Av. Padre Salas, Villa Rica, Pasco, el potencial de resistencia y la expansión que presenta el suelo en el sector indicado, la evaluación es realizada mediante ensayos CBR. Se utiliza la técnica de suelo cemento para mejorar las características físicas y mecánicas, este proceso consiste en mezclar al material con cemento Portland Tipo I formando suelo cemento 10%, 15% y 20%, los cuales presentan un incremento del CBR (máximo: 138.7% y mínimo: 91.9%) logrando un tipo de subrasante extraordinaria para resistir la estructura del pavimento y una reducción de 7.18% en la expansión de las muestras.<br>This study includes found the properties of the soil, which forms Av. Padre Salas, Villa Rica, Pasco subgrade, strength potential and expansion that soil presents at the indicated sector, the evaluation is executed through CBR tests. Soil cement technique is use in order to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics; this process is to combine the material with Ordinary Portland cement making soil cement 10%. 15% y 20%, which have a CBR increase (max: 138.7% and min: 91.9%) achieving an extraordinary subgrade type so as to bear up the pavement structure and an expansion reduction of 7.18% in specimens.<br>Tesis

En el presente artículo se propone la aplicación de la metodología PVO y el uso de la herramienta AMEF para atacar las causas directas de las demoras en la entrega de su principal modelo de máquina plastificadora, basándose en el estudio de tiempos por muestreo, ubicando el área de mecanizado como foco de atención para el análisis. Por otro lado, se mencionarán las posibles soluciones que se pretenden para lograr el objetivo trazado: aumentar el nivel de servicio, siendo específicos en la planificación (utilizando conceptos de planificación agregada, planeación de requerimiento de materiales o MRP y plan maestro de producción o PMP), tanto de materia prima, como de piezas elaboradas por la misma empresa.<br>This article proposes the application of the methodology PVO and the use of the tool FMEA to attack the direct causes of delays in the delivery of its main model of laminating machine, based on the study of times per sampling, locating the machining area as a focus of attention for analysis. On the other hand, the possible solutions will be mentioned: the main objective is to increase the level of service, being specific in the planning (using concepts of aggregate planning, planning of requirement of materials or MRP and master plan of Production or PMP), both of raw material and of parts elaborated by the same company.<br>Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

La cultura data-driven consiste básicamente en tomar decisiones basadas en datos, siendo utilizada hoy más que nunca por diversas organizaciones que buscan mejorar sus procesos con el fin de atender mejor a sus clientes y consumidores. Sin embargo, muchas empresas se basan en acciones sin fundamentos y acaban perdiendo grandes oportunidades al no saber aprovechar al máximo el potencial existente en los datos. Por ello, es importante que para implementar una cultura data-driven se debe tomar en cuenta la integración de los datos desde la estrategia empresarial. A su vez, la cultura organizacional es un factor clave para el desarrollo de la cultura data-driven en las organizaciones. Este trabajo busca presentar una exhaustiva investigación de artículos de alto impacto y tiene como objetivo general contrastar las diversas posturas y valoración de los autores respecto a los factores de éxito para la adopción de una cultura data-driven en las organizaciones.<br>The culture based on data basically consists of making decisions based on data, being today more than ever by various organizations that seek to improve their processes in order to better serve their customers and consumers. However, many companies are based on unfounded actions and end up missing great opportunities by failing to take full advantage of the potential in data. Therefore, it is important that to implement a data-driven culture, the integration of data from the business strategy must be considered. In turn, organizational culture is a key factor for the development of data-driven culture in organizations. This work seeks to present an exhaustive investigation of high impact articles with the aim of contrasting the various positions and assessment of the authors regarding the success factors for the adoption of a data-based culture in organizations.<br>Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Property reallotment is a measure that is done in accordance with the FBL. Property reallotment may involve a change in the division of property. Esements can beformed, changed and canceled through property realloments and joint property units can be formed and changed. For example, a change in the division of property unitsmay apply to partition, subdivision and amalgamation of properties and entails a forming of the property in question. The measure can be implemented by agreement between the property owners and also with coercion. Such a measure entails a large encroachment of individualproperty rights and is therefore protected by a number of terms. Reallotment may only be enforced if it meets the terms that protect public and private interests. Theseare regulated in Chapters 3 and 5. FBL. This thesis focuses on the protection of the individual interests, which are mainly regulated in Chapter 5, 4–8, §§ FBL. In thecase of voluntary agreements, these terms may be agreed upon. The purpose of this thesis is to present and clarify how the improvement and advantage terms for property reallotment are applied in the courts. The thesis alsoexplains what legitimates coercive rules. A case review of about 20 cases has been made to find a pattern in how the courts interpret the requirements in theparagraphs. In order to find relevant cases that deal with the terms, all cases in the LMRR between 2009 and 2020 were reviewed. In addition to the cases, legislativehistory and doctrine have also been studied. The conclusion describes examples of occasions when the terms are usually considered to be fulfilled and the factors that are used in the assessments. What isclearly evident is that what is usually regarded as an improvement or advantage of a property regulation is of an economic nature.

La presente tesis fue realizada con el fin de diseñar un modelo de gestión de almacén para mejorar el almacenaje de las muestras en una empresa que se dedica a la elaboración de productos lácteos. El almacén estudiado además de estar conformado por muestras en buen estado, también almacenaba muestras vencidas desperdiciando espacio porque aún no habían sido desechadas Se analizó la información proporcionada por las diversas fuentes del área de recepción a fin de poder dar solución a los problemas detectados en el almacenaje de las muestras como: eliminación de muestras vencidas, mejoramiento del control de las fechas de vencimiento, mejoramiento del flujo de muestras, aprovechamiento de espacios del área del almacén. Para contribuir al eficiente manejo de las muestras se aplicó herramientas como el método de las “5 s” y la clasificación ABC. Con la propuesta se estructura un óptimo sistema de gestión de almacén, en el que se eliminen las debilidades que presenta el actual, así como las muestras vencidas o actividades innecesarias que se desperdician en el tiempo. El diseño de la gestión del almacén tuvo un positivo efecto en el área de recepción, desde los puntos de vista de ahorros, debido a que las muestras ya no se vencerán en el almacén. This thesis was made in order to design a model warehouse management to improve the storage of samples in a company dedicated to the production of dairy products. The store also being studied samples made up in good condition, also stored sample wasting space due because there still had been discarded. The information provided by the various sources of reception in order to give solution was analyzed to the problems identified in the storage of samples as: disposal of expired samples, improved control of expiration dates, improving the flow of samples, use of space of warehouse área. To contribute to efficient sample handling tools such as the method of the "5 s" and the ABC classification applies. With the proposed optimum warehouse management system is structured, in which the weaknesses of the current is removed, and samples expired or unnecessary activities that are wasted in time. The design of warehouse management had a positive effect in the reception area, from the point of view of savings, because the samples no longer prevail in the store.

El presente artículo presenta las consideraciones para efectuar propuestas de mejora de procesos en el área de producción de un astillero. La investigación resume la problemática actual en las operaciones industriales en un astillero naval peruano, en el cual se describe el análisis y el diagnóstico de la empresa en donde se evidencia los sobrecostos generados por horas extras de la mano de obra, y finalmente se determinan algunas propuestas de mejora mediante la aplicación de herramientas de calidad para la optimización de procesos productivos.

Rice belongs to the Poaceae family and Oryza genus. The genus Oryza comprehends 24 species, being 22 wild and 2 cultivated. These two cultivated species correspond to Oryza sativa, originated in Asia, nowadays cultivated and consumed worldwide, and Oryza glaberrima, originated in Africa, but cultivated and consumed limitedly in West Africa, both are diploid (2n=24) (Bernis & Pamies, 2006; Wei & Huang, 2019). Traditionally, Oryza sativa has been classified into two subspecies, indica and japonica. Molecular analyses, as well as biochemical and hybrid sterility analyses, point out at the separate domestication of Oryza rufipogon populations as the origin for these two subspecies (Garris et al., 2005; Rakshit et al., 2007; Wei et al., 2012), with a gene flow present from japonica to indica (Yang et al., 2012). Indica rice is usually long grained, less sticky and with a lower level of amylopectin than japonica rice, which is short grained and sticky. There are also phenotypical differences between these subspecies, for example, japonica plants are generally shorter, the leaves have a lighter color and shaper shape. Also, the tiller number is lower in japonica than in the indica plants (Wei & Huang, 2019). The O. sativa plant is a semiaquatic annual monocot grass although rice can live as perineal in the tropics (McLean et al., 2013). The plant has a height that varies from 80 to 150 centimeters depending on the variety and growing conditions (Bernis & Pamies, 2006), or even less in modern varieties. Its morphology varies according to the development stage, this being the vegetative phase or the reproductive phase. The vegetative phase includes the germination, the seedling and the tillering stage. The reproductive phase comprehends panicle initiation, also called heading, and flowering stages. As a food, rice contributes to the 20% of calories ingested worldwide (Kubo & Purevdorj, 2004), reaching half of the calories ingested daily in some areas (Counce et al., 2000). In terms of consumption, as well as production, Asia is the main continent (McLean et al., 2013). The rice production and consumption in Europe is minor compared to Asia. Despite that, rice holds an important sociocultural role since it is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet. Some regions have developed famous rice dishes, like risotto in Italy or paella in Spain. The annual rice consumption per capita in Europe is 6-18 kilograms in the southern regions, and 3.5-5.5 kilograms in the northern regions (McLean et al., 2013). The main European producer is Italy, followed by Spain. These two countries hold more than 75% of the total rice production in Europe. Rice in Europe is also of ecological importance, due to the great biodiversity that inhabits and benefits from the paddy fields. Around 70-80% of rice cultivated in Europe are japonica varieties, and the rest indica (Bernis & Pamies, 2006; Ferrero, 2007). Agriculture is the most important bioeconomy sector in Spain, with a value of 43.8 million of euros in 2015 and coping the 50.9% employment of all bioeconomy sectors (Lániez & Periago, 2016). Rice mobilized 258.766 millions of euros in Spain in 2019 (MINECO, 2019). Thus, the studies dedicated to improving different aspects of the rice production in Spain are crucial. This thesis has made a multidisciplinary approach, from genetics to the field, in order to study Mediterranean rice varieties considering its actual applicability for the Spanish rice industry through three experimental approaches: (i) an improvement of the anther culture protocol for two Mediterranean temperate japonica varieties and two tropical japonica varieties trough the addition of additives to the media; (ii) testing the salt-tolerance of Saltol-introgressed varieties to select those that will help to fight the apple snails plague in the Ebro Delta; and (iii) a study of genetic and physicochemical aspects of the rice pearl in five Mediterranean varieties, an important feature in gastronomical terms.

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar o princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador, como elemento central e teleológico do direito do trabalho, a fim de verificar aspectos relevantes para a contextualização sociológica, histórica e jurídica desse ramo do direito e contribuir para a construção de uma racionalidade de justiça social. Partindo da intrínseca relação do direito do trabalho com o sistema capitalista de produção e com o conflito de classes sociais inerente ao referido sistema, questionou-se o papel desse ramo jurídico, como instrumento de emancipação da classe trabalhadora ou de preservação dos interesses do capital. A finalidade da doutrina da conciliação das classes sociais e alguns dos principais aspectos de sua implementação no Brasil foram trazidos para o conjunto analítico. Foram analisados os reflexos das transformações do Estado e, portanto, do direito, para o princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador, a partir das mudanças de uma estrutura normativa liberal para a social, passando pelo impacto da ideologia neoliberal e da reestruturação produtiva das últimas décadas. A dinâmica normativa dos princípios e em especial do princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador e a verificação de aspectos importantes da relação deste princípio com outros centrais do direito do trabalho foram abordadas. Foram revisitadas as principais técnicas e situações jurídicas de aplicação do princípio em estudo, a partir da perspectiva de direito social e da contribuição para o fortalecimento da classe trabalhadora. Por fim, apresentouse uma reflexão, à luz do princípio da melhoria da condição social do trabalhador, a respeito da problemática da terceirização, da rotatividade da mão de obra e do excesso de jornada de trabalho.<br>This research aimed to study the principle of improvement of workers social conditions, as a central and teleological element of Labor Law in order to analise relevant aspects for the sociological, historical and legal contextualization of this branch of Law and also to contribute to the development of social justice rationality. Based on the intrinsic relationship of Labor Law with the production capitalist system and also based on the class conflict which is inherent in the previously mentioned system, the role of this branch of Law was questioned as an emancipation tool for the working class or as a tool for preserving the interests of the capital. The purpose of the doctrine of reconciliation of social classes and some of the key aspects of its implementation in Brazil were scrutinized. Reflections of state transformations were analyzed and therefore the right to the principle of improvement of the workers social conditions were also analyzed, based on changes which would alter a liberal regulatory framework into a social one, through the impact of neoliberal ideology and of the restructuring of productive decades. The dynamics of normative principles and in particular the principle of improvement of workers social condition and the analysis of important aspects of its relationship with other central principles of Labor Law were addressed. The main technical and legal situations of application of the principle being studied were rewied from the perspective of Social Law and from the perspective of contribution to strengthening of the working class. Finally, a reflection, under the light of the principle of improvement of workers social condition, about the issues of outsourcing, labor turnover and excessive working hours presented.

This study analyzes the scaffolding of a set of six innovative compulsory education schools through the analysis of its structure, organization and educational projects in order to capture the uniqueness of the teaching work and culture, identify those factors that act as a lever for change and favor the promotion and application of methodologies, experiences and innovative educational measures for their transformation, as well as the resistance that hinders or prevents their development in a satisfactory way. In turn, it investigates how such different initiatives or innovations, beyond or below their different orientation, can be successful<br>Este estudio analiza el andamiaje de un conjunto de seis centros educativos innovadores de educación obligatoria a través del análisis de su estructura, organización y proyectos educativos. Tiene como objetivo captar la singularidad del trabajo y cultura docentes, identificar aquellos factores que actúan como palanca de cambio y favorecen el impulso y aplicación de metodologías, experiencias y medidas educativas innovadoras para su transformación, de igual modo que las resistencias que dificultan o impiden su desarrollo de forma satisfactoria. Se indaga a su vez en cómo iniciativas o innovaciones tan distintas, más allá o por debajo de su diferente orientación, pueden ser exitosas

Una de las políticas educativas que se ha implementado en Chile y con un mayor impacto económico, debido a que entrega más recursos a los establecimientos que atienden a los estudiantes que resulta más costoso educar, es la Ley de Subvención Escolar Preferencial (Ley SEP) . Con la Ley SEP, los establecimientos adquieren nuevos compromisos con el Ministerio de Educación, los cuales se plasman en un convenio denominado “Convenio de Igualdad de oportunidades y Excelencia educativa” y en donde entre otras cosas cada centro debe implementar Planes de Mejoramiento Educativo (PME), para el diseño, monitoreo y ejecución de estos compromisos. A casi diez años del inicio de la ley y con ella el inicio de los Planes de Mejoramiento Educativo, resulta crucial entender en qué medida estos planes de mejoramiento pueden haber estado contribuyendo a mejorar el desempeño educativo de los niños y niñas en los centros educativos de Chile, sobre todo en los centros en donde los avances en cuanto a resultados no se han incrementado sino que se han mantenido bajos o zigzagueantes, careciendo de una mejora continua como se espera con la implementación de los PME. La investigación actual hace patente que los planes de mejoramiento educativo no parecen demostrar ningún efecto significativo en los centros docentes, debido a que, durante estos diez años transcurridos, el 71,32% de los centros educativos se ha mantenido en la categoría que inicialmente fueron asignados por el Ministerio de Educación. Lo anterior podría atribuirse a diferentes factores, entre los cuales destaca la participación de la comunidad educativa en todo el proceso de planificación, implementación y evaluación de los planes, así como también, los tiempos que se destinan a cada una de las fases, entre otros factores.<br>The Preferential School Subsidy Act (SEP Law) has become one of the educational policies implemented in Chile with a greater economic impact due to it provides resources to the schools in which the enrolled students seem to be more expensive for being educated . With the SEP Law, the schools agree new commitments with the Ministry of Education through an agreement called “Agreement on Equal Opportunities and Educational Excellence” . It makes the schools compulsory to apply School Improvement Plans (PME) for the design, monitoring and execution of these commitments. Almost ten years after the beginning of the law as well as the Educational Improvement Plans, to understand to what extent these improvement plans may have been contributing to improving the educational performance is crucial. It is especially important in those centers in which the progress in terms of results has not increased but has kept low or zigzagging, lacking continuous improvement as it could be expected with the PMEs’ implementation. This research shows that educational improvement plans do not seem to have any significant effect on schools because, during these ten years, the 71.32% of educational centers have remained in the category initially assigned by the Ministry of Education. Different factors could be influencing this situation. The lack of participation of the educational community in the entire process of planning, implementation and evaluation, as well as the time allocated to each of the PMEs’ phases, seem to be, among other, some explicative factors.

El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en buscar la mejor solución a la problemática de la baja eficiencia productiva que afrontan la mayoría de MYPE´S del sector textil-confección, ya que estas se ven impactadas negativamente por los elevados tiempos de ciclo y costos incurridos en fabricación. Ante esa necesidad, se propone la integración de la metodología Lean, estudio de trabajo y enfoque de gestión del cambio propuesto por Kotter con la finalidad de lograr la mejora continua de los procesos y el aumento de la rentabilidad. La gestión del cambio buscará sensibilizar e involucrar al personal en la propuesta de mejora, la metodología Lean permitirá identificar los desperdicios y actividades que no generan valor y a su vez determinar las técnicas adecuadas para reducirlos o eliminarlos. Por otro lado, el estudio de trabajo estará enfocado en optimizar los tiempos de las actividades que involucran la mano de obra. La validación del modelo ha sido implementada en una empresa MYPE del sector textil - confección en el Perú, dando resultados positivos tales como una reducción del tiempo de ciclo en 30%, reducción del nivel de desperdicios en el proceso de confección en un 25%, reducción del índice de incumplimiento de pedidos en 8 puntos porcentuales y el incremento de la eficiencia del proceso de confección en un 12%.<br>This Applied Research Project is focused on finding the best solution to the problem of low productive efficiency faced by the majority of SMEs in the textile-clothing sector, since these are negatively impacted by the high cycle times and costs incurred manufacturing. Given this need, the integration of the Lean methodology, work - study and change management approach proposed by Kotter is explained in order to achieve continuous improvement of processes and increase profitability. Change management will seek to sensitize and involve staff in the improvement proposal, the Lean methodology seeks to identify waste and activities that do not generate value and once determine the appropriate techniques to reduce or eliminate them. On the other hand, the work study will be focused on optimizing the times of activities that involve labor. The validation of this model has been implemented in a SME company in the textile sector in Peru, giving positive results such as a reduction in cycle time by 30%, reduction in the level of waste in the manufacturing process by 25%, reduction of the order non-fulfillment index by 8 percentage points and the increase in the efficiency of the manufacturing process by 12%.<br>Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Corporate governance is a leading factor in organizational performance, financial reporting, and stakeholder satisfaction. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that senior managers in the accounting industry implement to enforce corporate governance and improve organizational performance. The conceptual framework for the study was stakeholder theory. The population for this study included 3 senior managers of 3 different organizations in the accounting industry located in western United States. Data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews and from review of documented corporate governance strategies. The data analysis consisted of the following steps: compiling the data, disassembling the data, reassembling the data, interpreting the data, and drawing conclusions. Three themes emerged from this study: corporate governance, laws, rules, and regulations; the role of corporate governance in organizational performance; and effective corporate governance strategies. The results of this study may contribute to social change by improving the quality of employees' work lives. With improved quality of employee work life, employers may benefit from higher productivity, and consumers may experience improved services.

Сергенюк Д. І. Роль Національної поліції України у формуванні безпечного середовища для життєдіяльності населення: дисертація на здобуття ступеня доктора філософії за спеціальністю 081 - Право / Сергенюк Дмитро Іванович. ‒ Львів: Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2020. ‒ 255 с.<br>У роботі здійснено системний аналіз ролі Національної поліції України у формуванні безпечного середовища для життєдіяльності населення через вирішення низки теоретико-правових та практично-прикладних задач, обумовлених недосконалістю доктринального та нормативно-правового вимірів ідентифікації предмету дисертаційного дослідження. Зазначено, що в умовах становлення України в якості правової держави, функціонування усіх елементів державного механізму у тій чи іншій мірі скеровано на забезпечення публічної безпеки у контексті реалізації профільної компетенції владних інститутів. Ключову роль у практичному забезпеченні режиму публічної безпеки, відіграє діяльність саме правоохоронних органів, у призмі яких Національній поліції відведено особливо важливу місію – здійснення превентивних та правозастосовних заходів щодо практичного дотримання режиму правомірності перебігу суспільних відносин на базовому рівні соціальної стратифікації. За результатами узагальнення національного законодавства України, наукових досліджень, які стосуються окремих питань діяльності Національної поліції України, встановлена відсутність системного підходу до вирішення низки фундаментальних питань, що істотно нівелює ефективність провадження практичної діяльності даним правоохоронним інститутом. Узагальнення спеціальних наукових досліджень продемонструвало відсутність гомогенної концепції ідентифікації небезпек життєдіяльності населення, наслідком чого, було структуровано модель типових небезпек, виникнення яких обумовлена соціальними процесами різної етіології. Визначено, що роль Національної поліції у забезпеченні публічної безпеки є фундаментальною з огляду на інтегративність компетенції даної системи органів публічної влади та асиміляцію її діяльності у середовищі потенційної генерації загроз когерентному функціонуванню публічної безпеки як соціально-правовій характеристиці сучасного суспільства. Обґрунтовано, що формуванню безпечного середовища сприятимуть наступні заходи, віднесені до компетенції органів системи МВС України: забезпечення практичного здійснення фіксації правопорушень у сфері забезпечення безпеки дорожнього руху в автоматичному режимі; налагодження моделі партнерства з соціальними суб’єктами, що сприятиме позаштатному залученню інститутів громадянського суспільства до реалізації правоохоронної функції; розширення сфери застосування заходів поліцейського піклування та посилення сервісної концепції діяльності Національної поліції України; практичне здійснення інформаційнопідготовчих та навчальних заходів з населенням щодо мінімізації потенційних ризиків для життя та здоров’я громадян на випадок надзвичайних ситуацій; сприяння в удосконаленню системи інформування населення про надзвичайні ситуації та відновлення інфраструктури цивільного захисту. Відзначено, що існуючі зміни в українському суспільстві як в економічній так і політичній сфері чинять вплив на алгоритм формування нових взаємин на процес формування сучасних відносин поміж державою, її інституціями та громадянським суспільством. Вказано, що повсякчасна взаємодія влади та суспільства є запорукою політичної стабільності та розвитку кожної держави, позаяк існуючі проблеми розвитку української державності неможливо вирішити без підтримки суспільства. Це стосується й такого державного інституту як Національна поліція України. З’ясовано, що забезпечення режиму законності, підтримання публічної безпеки та сприяння у формуванні безпечного середовища, з огляду на наведені змістовні ознаки та експлікацію цілей стратегічного розвитку МВС України, безперечно слід визначити в якості пріоритетних завдань, які ставляться перед правоохоронними органами. Проведено комплексне та системне дослідження міжнародного досвіду у сфері організації діяльності поліції у сфері забезпечення безпечного середовища, визначено основні прогалини сучасного адміністративноправового виміру організації діяльності Національної поліції України та окреслено методи їх усунення через врахування наявного міжнародного досвіду. Зазначено, що наявний стан правової доктрини, у контексті дослідження детермінант, котрі нівелюють ефективність професійної діяльності Національної поліції України, характеризується значною інваріативністю й містять, подеколи, суперечливі концепції. З’ясовано, що з метою формування системного та дієвого механізму імплементації прогресивного міжнародного досвіду у професійну діяльність підрозділів Національної поліції, є потреба у структуруванні наявних дефектів адміністративно-правового виміру організації діяльності та окреслити способи вирішення зазначених задач, котрі вже апробовані міжнародною спільнотою поліцейських. За результатами комплексного та системного дослідження поліцейської діяльності як засобу забезпечення публічної безпеки фактично вирішено науково-прикладну проблему адміністративно-правового забезпечення публічної безпеки та розроблено цілісний доктринальний підхід до формування концепції її забезпечення. Зазначено, що нині наукові пошуки у сфері публічної безпеки слід зосередити не стільки на ролі органів держави, скільки на питаннях не лише залучення, а й реальної участі недержавних організацій, органів місцевого самоврядування, об’єднань громадян, а також конкретних громадян, організації ефективної взаємодії між державними та недержавними інституціями. Доведено, що через відсутність сформованої державної політики у сфері забезпечення публічної безпеки працівниками Національної поліції теоретичні напрацювання українських науковців щодо цієї теми опинилися на маргінесі, оскільки майже всі дослідники розглядають громадську безпеку винятково за допомогою методології адміністративного права, не застосовуючи методів математичного моделювання, сітьового аналізу, кластерного аналізу, а також методології міждисциплінарного підходу. Сформовано комплекс теоретико-методологічних, концептуальних та організаційно-правових напрямів удосконалення адміністративно-правового забезпечення публічної безпеки в Україні. З’ясовано місце та роль Національної поліції в системі забезпечення публічної безпеки. Наведено алгоритм концепції публічної безпеки, який обумовлений послідовним корелятивним аналізом національних цінностей, національних інтересів, загроз, державної політики у сфері публічної безпеки. Під взаємодією Національної поліції та органів публічного управління пропонуємо розуміти узгоджений процес стратегічного планування, проектно-погоджувальної та управлінської діяльності, спрямованої на прийняття міжвідомчих нормативно-правових актів, переважно локального типу, змістом яких визначаються форми та методи спільної діяльності підрозділів та служб Національної поліції та відповідних структурних одиниць органів виконавчої влади та місцевого самоврядування у сфері підтримання законності і правопорядку. Під формою взаємодії органів публічної влади та поліції слід розуміти консолідований зовнішній прояв одноманітних процесів щодо спільного виконання завдань правоохоронної діяльності, які провадяться у різних сферах компетенції контрагентів взаємодії. Вважаємо, що до форм взаємодії поліції та органів публічної адміністрації в Україні слід відносити: 1) інформаційну; 2) нормативну; 3) оперативно-розшукову; 4) матеріально-технічну та ресурсну; 5) установчу та кадрову. Повноваження Національної поліції України у сфері забезпечення безпеки дорожнього руху запропоновано консолідувати в межах наступних напрямків: нормопроектувальні та нормотворчі; погоджувальнореєстраційні; правозастосовні. Поняття безпеки дорожнього руху як правової категорії, визначено як систему правових норм та суспільних відносин, обумовлених їх реалізацією, які у своїй сукупності спрямовані на формування режиму правомірного, раціонально-обумовленого та безпечного використання транспортних засобів, дорожньо-транспортної інфраструктури, забезпечення яких досягається контрольно-наглядовими, реєстраційно-дозвільними та правозастосовними заходами інститутів публічної влади та органів місцевого самоврядування. Запропоновано переглянути норми законодавства України про адміністративну відповідальність у частині встановлення більш значних стягнень за правопорушення, які складають основну частину адміністративно-протиправної поведінки (правопорушення, які посягають на громадський порядок, у сфері безпеки дорожнього руху тощо). В якості індикаторів меж такої корекції доречно застосувати практику США, ФРН, Японії. Запропоновано імплементувати досвід поліції Канади в частині використання єдиної електронної системи управління в межах якої здійснювати процесуальне діловодство поліції. Обґрунтована потреба перегляду методики підготовки працівників Національної поліції, зокрема через виявлення та усунення навчальних курсів, які не є практично доречними для подальшого здійснення професійної діяльності, натомість додаткове навантаження, вивільнене за рахунок вказаних змін програм доцільно приділити саме практичним курсам, які, в умовах, наближених до реальної практики поліцейської діяльності, давали б інтерактивну можливість майбутнім працівникам поліції опанувати практичні навики та вміння. Розглянуто ключові проблеми діяльності підрозділів Національної поліції України у таких сферах як провадження у справах про адміністративні правопорушення, підтримання громадського порядку у ході масових заходів, забезпечення дотримання безпеки дорожнього руху, боротьба з тероризмом, на підставі чого сформовано ряд пропозицій, спрямованих на вирішення описаних проблем. In the dissertation the system analysis of the role of the National Police of Ukraine in the formation of a safe environment for the life of the society was carried out through solving a number of theoretical, legal and practical problems caused by the imperfection of the doctrinal and legal dimensions of the identification of the subject of current research. It was noted that in the conditions of continuous transformation of Ukraine towards complete rule of law in the state, the functioning of all elements of the state mechanism in one way or another has to be aimed at ensuring public safety in the context of profile functioning of public institutions. The key role in the practical maintenance of the regime of public safety is assigned to law enforcement agencies, in the realm of which the National Police is allotted with a particularly important mission – to implement various preventive and enforcement measures for the means of practical compliance with the rule of law regime in the context of public relations at the basic level of social stratification. According to the results of the generalization of the national law of Ukraine, scientific researches, relating to certain issues of the activities of the National Police of Ukraine, the lack of a systematic approach to solving a number of fundamental issues was underlined, that was proved to significantly reduce the effectiveness of conducting practical activities by this law enforcement institution. The generalization of special scientific studies demonstrated the lack of a homogeneous concept of identification of the dangers for the life of the society. As a consequence of stated fact, the applicant cave up with a structured model of typical threats, the emergence of which is determined by a different social processes. It is determined that the role of the National Police in providing public security is fundamental due to the integrity of the competence of this system of public mechanism and because of the assimilation of its activities in the sphere, related with the factors of potential generation of threats to the coherent functioning of public security system. It is substantiated that the following measures, assigned to the competence of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, will lead to the formation of a safe environment for the society: ensuring the practical implementation of the automatic mode system of offenses in the field of ensuring road safety detection; establishing of a model of partnership of police with social institutions that will facilitate the additional forms of civil society institutes involvement in the prism of the law-enforcement function; expanding the realm of police service activities and strengthening the service concept of the National Police of Ukraine; implementation of informational and practical training events with the citizens in the purposes of neutralization of the potential risks to life and health of citizens that can be caused with emergency situations; facilitating the improvement of the system for informing the citizens about emergencies and restoring the civil protection infrastructure. Current research states that the actual changes in the Ukrainian society both in the economic and political spheres have their great influence on the algorithm of forming of the new relationships between the state, its institutions and civil society. It is noted that the constant interaction of the authorities and society is a guarantee of political stability and development of each state, thus the existing problems of the development of Ukrainian statehood can’t be solved without the support of society. This fact also applies to the activity of different state institutions such as the National Police of Ukraine. It is revealed that ensuring the rule of law, maintaining public safety and promoting the formation of a safe environment, taking into account the above mentioned meaningful features and explication of the strategic development goals of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, should definitely be identified as priority tasks that should concern the law-enforcement bodies. Manuscript provides a comprehensive and systematic study of international experience in the field of organization of the police activity in the realm of provision of a safe environment, identifies the main gaps in the modern administrative-legal dimension of the organization of the activities of the National Police of Ukraine and outlines methods for their elimination taking into account existing international experience. It is noted that the existing features of national legal doctrine, in the context of the study of determinants which offset the effectiveness of the professional activities of the National Police of Ukraine are characterized by significant invariance and contain, sometimes outlining contradictory concepts. It was clarified that in order to form a systematic and effective mechanism for the implementation of progressive international experience in the professional activities of the units of the National Police, there is a need to structure existing defects in the administrative-legal dimension of the organization of police activities and outline ways of solving these problems. In current research a complex of theoretical-methodological, conceptual and organizational directions of improvement of administrative-legal provision of public safety in Ukraine has been formed. The place and the role of the National Police in the system of public safety of Ukraine has been clarified. The algorithm of the concept of public safety, conditioned by a consistent correlative analysis of national values, national interests, threats, public policy in the field of public security provision has been presented. It was underlined that a thorough investigation of the essence and importance of public security as an object of administratively-legal protection requires the study and analysis of it’s essence, the legal framework in this realm, the actual guarantees of provision and administratively-legal protection measures. It is noted that public safety is being provided through the implementation of socio-political, economic, organizational and legal measures that regulate the basis for it’s realization. This is why the legal essence of the realization of public safety depends on the synergy of the security legislation that regulates public safety. It was underlined that the public security is a multifractural phenomenon and has its own legal system, which includes the legal norms of various branches of law, so the odvious need for the development and implementation of a codified normative legal act that would combine all the legal norms of all branches of law in terms of implementation of the state policy in the field of public safety has been underlined. It was stated that different: both theoretical and practical tasks were formed for the representatives of administrative sience to resolve in order to achieve the further development of the current legislation in the realm of regulation of the algorithm of ensuring public safety as well as for the development and implementation of a modern scientifically-approved concept of ensuring public safety in Ukraine, which would combine social and public aspects in the solid strategy of counteraction to the growing threats to public safety. Interaction of the National Police and public administration bodies is recommended to interpret as the coordinated process of strategic planning and management activities aimed at the adoption of interdepartmental regulations, mainly local type, the content of which defines the forms and methods of joint activity of units and services of the National Police and relevant structural units of executive bodies and local self-government in the field of law and order maintenance. The form of interaction between public authorities and the police is proposed to be understood as a consolidated external manifestation of processes regarding the joint performance of law enforcement tasks conducted in different areas of competence of the counterparties of interaction. Underlined that the forms of interaction between the police and public administration bodies in Ukraine should include: 1) information; 2) regulatory; 3) operative search; 4) logistical and resource; 5) constituent and staffing. The powers of the National Police of Ukraine in the field of traffic safety are proposed to be consolidated within the following areas: norm-design and rulemaking; reconciliation and registration; enforceable measures. The concept of road safety as a legal category, is defined as a system of legal norms and social relations caused by their implementation, which in their entirety are aimed at forming a regime of lawful, rationally-conditioned and safe use of vehicles, road transport infrastructure, the provision of which is controlled supervisory, registration, permitting and enforcement measures of public authorities and local self-government bodies. It is proposed to revise the norms of the legislation of Ukraine on administrative liability in terms of establishing more significant penalties for offenses that represent main forms of unlawful behavior under the administrative prism of law (offenses affecting public order, in the field of traffic safety, etc.). It has been proved that it is appropriate to use the practice of the USA, Germany, and Japan as indicators of the methods of such correction. It is proposed to implement the experience of the Canadian Police with regard to the use of a single electronic control system within which to process police records. It was demonstrated that there is a substantiated need to revise the training methodology of the National Police, in particular by identifying and eliminating training courses that are not practically appropriate for further professional activity, but the additional burden released by these program changes is appropriate to give practical courses that are, in terms, approximate real police practice would provide an interactive opportunity for future police officers to acquire practical skills and competences. The key problems of the activities of the units of the National Police of Ukraine in such spheres as proceedings on administrative offenses, maintenance of public order during mass events, ensuring the observance of road safety, and the fight against terrorism have been revealed and considered, on the basis of which a number of proposals have been formed to resolve those problems.

This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Criminal Justice and Legal Studies

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilberto Notario Ligero.pdf: 1465985 bytes, checksum: 9674aa94e86b56b64c6199e1b2022477 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-03<br>This thesis has as its object the procedural sanctions for misconduct in civil enforcement. The methodological approach, observing the concentration area of the program is given by the fact that currently the executive activity, represented by the execution of a sentence or the autonomous process execution, is considered essential to the effectiveness of judicial protection . What happens is that some factors have influenced the performance of this type of lawsuit. Among the factors is the disrespect, strong and steady, the duties of procedural fairness in executive screen. The attacks on the dignity of Justice earn several ways: disrespect for the court order to indicate the goods are seized, the challenge and fulfillment of sentence manifestly dilatory embargoes, fraud enforcement, disposition of property seized, bringing undue executions, abuse of the right of registration certificate of the distribution of execution, etc. To sanction the creditor and the debtor, the system adopts the protective-repressive pattern of conduct discouraging, materializing through the fines and the obligation to repair damage. The legislature of little worth premiais sanction measures whose purpose is to promote encouraging conduct. By analyzing the structure of the disciplinary system in CPC / 73, it appears that the same is not meeting your functional expectations: to punish and educate. The revisiting of concepts and ideas is essential to building a new concept of procedural sanction, based on constructivist pedagogical interactionism. This new ideal penalty is established because of the need for transformation of the procedural subjects pipelines. In most, sees the need to expand the list of penalties, turning the research at this point for the implementation of restrictive measures of rights, which are sparse in the legislation. Thus defends the imposition of such sanctions as atypical modes in addition to the typical. The judge with their explicit and implicit powers and duties can take advantage of these measures. Given the normative principle of proportionality, by variants of the necessity and appropriateness, the judge can apply them, without, however, undermining fundamental rights. In addition to the restrictive sanctions, the system needs to incorporate positive measures (premiais), to meet their ends, so that makes the proposal of a prize for those who litigarem responsibly. It is proposed for the effective adoption of these measures, a bill changer law of the CPC. Then defends the idea in the sense that a significant structural change must occur in the sanctioning system, for that unfair and bad faith practices are transformed into probas practices. The deductive method is with the use of technical analysis of relevant literature and case law related to<br>A presente tese tem como objeto as sanções processuais por improbidade na execução civil. O recorte metodológico,observando-se a área de concentração do programa, se dá pelo fato de que, atualmente, a atividade executiva, representada pela execução de sentença ou pelo processo autônomo de execução, é considerada essencial para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Ocorre que, alguns fatores têm influenciado no bom desempenho dessa modalidade de processo judicial. Entre os fatores está o desrespeito, acentuado e contínuo, aos deveres de probidade processual na tela executiva. Os atentados à dignidade da Justiça ganham várias formas: desrespeito à ordem judicial para indicação de bens à serem penhorados, impugnação ao cumprimento de sentença e embargos manifestamente protelatórios, fraudes à execução, alienação de bens penhorados, propositura de execuções indevidas, abuso do direito de averbação da certidão de distribuição da execução, etc. Para sancionar o exequente e o executado, o sistema adota o padrão protetivorepressivo, desencorajador de condutas, materializando-o por meio das multas e pela obrigação de reparar danos. O legislador pouco se vale das medidas sancionatórias premiais, cuja finalidade é promover condutas encorajadoras. Por meio da análise da estrutura do sistema sancionatório no CPC/73, verifica-se que o mesmo não vem atendendo às suas expectativas funcionais: punir e educar. A revisitação de conceitos e ideias torna-se essencial, para a construção de um novo conceito de sanção processual, baseado no interacionismo construtivista pedagógico. Esse novo ideal sancionatório se estabelece por conta da necessidade de transformação das condutas dos sujeitos processuais. No mais, vislumbra-se a necessidade de ampliar o rol de sanções, voltando-se a pesquisa, neste ponto, para a implementação das medidas restritivas de direitos, que se encontram na legislação esparsa. Defende-se, assim, a imposição destas sanções como modalidades atípicas em complemento às típicas. O juiz com seus poderes-deveres explícitos e implícitos pode se valer destas medidas. Atendendo ao postulado normativo da proporcionalidade, por suas variantes da necessidade e da adequação, o juiz pode aplicá-las, sem, contudo, atentar contra direitos fundamentais. Além das sanções restritivas, o sistema precisa incorporar medidas positivas (premiais), para atender seus fins, tanto que se faz a proposta de um prêmio para aqueles que litigarem com responsabilidade. Propõe-se, para a efetiva adoção destas medidas, um projeto de lei alterador do CPC. Defende-se, então, a ideia no sentido de que deve ocorrer uma sensível mudança estrutural no sistema sancionatório, para que as práticas abusivas e de má-fé sejam transformadas em práticas probas. O método de é o dedutivo, com o emprego das técnicas de análise da bibliografia especializada e da jurisprudência relacionada ao tema

In this work an extensive numerical analysis of open-wheeled racing car aerodynamics is presented. The whole CFD workflow, from meshing to calculation, was carried out by the open-source software OpenFOAM®, in the steady RANS framework. After investigating the mechanisms behind ground effect by means of simple test cases, including a diffuser-equipped blunt body and a single element wing, attention was focused on the 2017 Formula 1 car designed by the British constructor ©PERRINN. The validation of the numerical results in terms of drag, downforce, efficiency and front balance was accompanied by a qualitative study of the flow around the car. Axial vorticity plays a key role in the generation of downforce and the use of ground effect improves the efficiency of the overall vehicle. In the second step of the research, it was found that front and rear ride height have a strong influence on the dynamic behaviour of the car. Since racing implies a close interaction with other vehicles, the core of the research was devoted to evaluation and subsequent improvement of aerodynamic performance in wake flows. Tandem-running simulations at different distances between lead and following cars put in evidence that running in slipstream results in a strong worsening of downforce and a dramatic change in front balance. To overcome these limitations, the baseline vehicle was subjected to a targeted aerodynamic development. Among the tested aero packages, one in particular provided encouraging results: it ensures higher downforce and efficiency than the baseline configuration while fulfilling, at the same time, the goal of reducing the above mentioned performance worsening in slipstream. The concepts behind the effectiveness of the new design deal with a better management of the chaotic flow underneath the car; moreover, underbody and rear wing adjustments contribute to generation of a shorter and narrower wake. Overall, an easier approach to the lead car and a safer overtaking could be achieved through small modifications to 2017 F1 Technical Regulations, without disrupting the current F1 car layout. As a further check of the robustness of the new design proposals, all the developed aerodynamic configurations have been tested in yawed flow. Finally, the last section of the research aimed at quantifying the lap-time performance of the vehicles equipped with the new aero packages, since each track requires specific levels of downforce and efficiency. Results in terms of aerodynamic specifications are in line with those typically encountered in current F1 grand prix races.

Este estudio tiene como finalidad reducir la tasa de incumplimiento en la entrega de pedidos; para ello, se propuso la implementación de herramientas Lean como la metodología 5S, la aplicación del TPM y el uso de pruebas de errores (Poka Yoke). Estas herramientas permitirán contrarrestar las causas principales del problema disminuyendo los retrasos y aumentando la productividad. Es importante indicar que, según el Programa IndustryWeek, programa que proporciona información clave, análisis de tendencias como conocimientos operativos, investigación y reconoce cada año a las plantas líderes de fabricación, mencionan que las plantas de clase mundial totalmente logradas informaron una entrega a tiempo del 90% o mejor. Sin embargo, el KPI de los pedidos entregados a tiempo en la empresa metalmecánica es 53.12 %. La validación de la propuesta desarrollada se llevó a cabo mediante una simulación. Con los resultados obtenidos, se pudo concluir que se logró reducir el tiempo en el sistema en 15%, aumentando así la tasa de entrega a tiempo. También, se mejoró otros aspectos como el tiempo productivo (46.88%), porcentaje de utilización (9.11%) y las unidades defectuosas (13.89%). El problema descrito en esta investigación puede darse en muchas empresas del mismo sector metalmecánico e incluso diferentes, es por ello que este estudio puede servir de ejemplo para dar solución a los problemas de otras industrias e incluso incentivar a lograr mejoras más significativas mejorando las herramientas aplicadas en la presente investigación.<br>This study aims to reduce the rate of non-compliance in order delivery; to do this, it was proposed to implement Lean tools such as the 5S methodology, the application of the TPM and the use of error testing (Poka Yoke). These tools will help counteract the root causes of the problem by reducing delays and increasing productivity. It is important to note that, according to the IndustryWeek Program, a program that provides key information, trend analysis such as operational knowledge, research, and recognizes leading manufacturing plants each year, they mention that fully achieved world-class plants reported a timely delivery of 90% or better. However, the KPI of orders delivered on time in the metalworking company is 53.12%. The validation of the developed proposal was carried out through a simulation. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that it was possible to reduce the time in the system by 15%, thus increasing the delivery rate on time. Other aspects were also improved such as productive time (46.88%), percentage of use (9.11%) and defective units (13.89%). The problem described in this research can occur in many companies in the same metalworking sector and even different ones, that is why this study can serve as an example to solve the problems of other companies and even encourage more significant improvements by improving the applied tools in the present investigation.<br>Trabajo de investigación

En la presente tesis se estudia la aplicación de la metodología de mejora continua PDCA (Plan: Planear, Do: Hacer, Check: Verificar y Act: Ajustar) para optimizar los procesos de perforación y voladura en la unidad minera subterránea Carahuacra de Volcan Compañía Minera S.A.A., en la cual se identificaron resultados deficientes respecto al avance por disparo lineal en los frentes. En esta mina la perforación efectiva es de 3.96 m, pero los avances en el año 2019 han logrado sólo 2.7 m en promedio. La aplicación de la metodología PDCA inició con la etapa de planificación, en la cual se reveló el potencial de beneficio económico al incrementar el avance por disparo, se realizó la observación y medición en campo, se identificaron las causas básicas y se analizaron con una matriz de esfuerzo e impacto. Con esta información se desarrolló un plan de acción, obteniéndose un total de 10 acciones. La siguiente etapa es la ejecución, en la cual se lograron realizar todas las acciones relacionadas principalmente a capacitación, diseño de mallas estándar de perforación y voladura y adquisición de materiales y herramientas. En la tercera etapa se verificaron los resultados obtenidos: se incrementó el avance por disparo de 3.02 a 3.53 m (14%), se redujo el factor de avance de 38.59 a 33.28 kg/m (13.8%) y se redujeron los costos unitarios de suministros por metro de avance de 146 a 65 dólares (55%). Finalmente, se concluyó que la aplicación del método PDCA logró resolver el problema con eficacia y eficiencia.<br>This thesis studies the application of the continuous improvement methodology PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Act) to optimize drilling and blasting processes in the Carahuacra underground mining unit of Volcan Compañía Minera SAA, in which deficient results were identified regarding the linear advance per shot in the faces. In this mine the effective drilling is 3.96 m, however, the advances per shot in 2019 have reached only 2.7 m on average. The application of the PDCA methodology began with the planning stage, in which the potential of economic benefit is shown by increasing the advance per shot, the observation and measurement was carried out in the field, the root causes were identified and analyzed with an impact effort matrix. With this information, an action plan was developed, obtaining a total of 10 actions. The next stage is the execution, in which the actions related mainly to training, the design of standard drilling and blasting schemes, and the acquisition of materials and tools were carried out successfully. In the third stage, the results obtained were verified: the advance per shot was increased from 3.02 to 3.53 m (14%), the advance factor was reduced from 38.59 to 33.28 kg / m (13.8%) and the unit costs of supplies per meter of advance were reduced from 146 to 65 dollars (55%). Finally, it was concluded that the application of the PDCA method managed to solve the problem effectively and efficiently.<br>Tesis

[EN] Abstract The construction of railway infrastructure networks requires heavy investment, long planning and execution times and extended life cycles. An important family of projects in Railway Engineering are the Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement (MR&I) projects. They are critical to maintaining railway infrastructures in good condition and to adapt them to environmental changes and new operating conditions and needs. MR&I action plans have a great impact in the short term because they affect the performance of operating facilities A critical issue for public infrastructure managers and planners is the effective allocation of the scarce resources available for maintenance and repair of railway infrastructures. Obsolescence and lack of adequate maintenance and repair of the railway network affect productivity and lead to increased costs over time. Every year the Manager of a rail network area is faced with different MR&I needs. This involves different projects to be executed with different levels of urgency, different levels of investment and different improvement measures and action plans on the railway network. Therefore, the Manager has a portfolio of MR&I projects and a limited budget. The main problem that the manager faces is setting priorities among the projects to decide which ones will be executed first. It is a complex problem due to the number of different projects and criteria to be considered. Classical approaches are based upon the Cost Benefit analysis (CBA) but there are great uncertainties and variations between the economic values used in different models and the results are heavily dependent on the specific methodology adopted. Methods based upon Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) allow mixing quantitative and qualitative criteria, aggregate multiple experts evaluations and, in general, obtain more robust project rankings than CBA. There is little evidence in the scientific literature of the use of MCDA to similar cases. Research conducted in this thesis studies the decision-making process to choose MR&I projects in a railway network. Technicians and managers are given a methodological tool to help them establish a priority between all the projects in the MR&I portfolio. The problem is addressed as a Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in which thee different ANP models have been used, comparing the results obtained with all of them: Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), Analytic Network Process with subnetworks for Benefits and Costs (ANP-BC) and the Analytic Network Process with subnetworks for Costs, Benefits, Opportunities and Risks (ANP-BOCR) The main contributions of this works are: - Deep analysis of the decision criteria. - Design of a procedure for evaluating many different alternative projects. - A decision making process which is both systematic and strict has been obtained. It can be generalized to other areas of the railway infrastructure management company. Thanks to the results the budget can be used in the best-valued projects according to the criteria established by the decision maker. The priorization is then obtained in a transparent and documented way.<br>[ES] Resumen La construcción de infraestructuras ferroviarias requiere de grandes inversiones, largos plazos de planificación y ejecución y los ciclos de vida totales son muy largos también. Dentro de los proyectos que se realizan en este tipo de infraestructuras, una parte muy importante son las actuaciones sobre líneas en servicio, que se denominan actuaciones de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora (MR&I por sus siglas en ingles de Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement). Las actuaciones de MR&I tienen un gran efecto a corto plazo al afectar al rendimiento de instalaciones que ya están en servicio en el momento de la actuación . La asignación eficaz de los escasos recursos disponibles para MR&I por parte de los gestores de infraestructuras es clave para mantener y mejorar el desempeño general de la red. Cada año el gestor de una zona de la red se enfrenta a diferentes necesidades de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora de la red, por tanto, tiene conjunto muy grande de proyectos de MR&I y un presupuesto limitado para ejecutarlos. El problema que se plantea es seleccionar qué proyectos tienen prioridad a la hora de su ejecución y qué criterios ha de considerar para establecer esa prioridad. Es un problema complejo debido al amplio número de proyectos posibles y de criterios a considerar. Los métodos clásicos más utilizados se basan en el enfoque de análisis coste-beneficio, pero existen grandes variaciones e incertidumbres a la hora de obtener los valores económicos y los resultados del análisis dependen mucho de la metodología específica adoptada. Los métodos basados en el Análisis Multicriterio de Decisiones (Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis MCDA) permitan integrar valoraciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, agregar las preferencias de varios expertos y, en general, obtener ordenaciones de proyectos más robustas que el CBA. No existe apenas evidencia de la aplicación de MCDA al problema planteado en la literatura científica. La investigación presentada en esta tesis estudia el proceso de toma de decisiones para la selección de proyectos de MR&I en una red ferroviaria. Se dota a los técnicos responsables y a los gestores del mantenimiento de los administradores ferroviarios de una herramienta metodológica que les ayude a establecer una prioridad entre la cartera de proyectos de MR&I. El problema se afronta como una toma de decisión multicriterio (MCDM) en la que se han utilizado tres modelos del método ANP, comparando los resultados entre sí: el modelo jerárquico basado en el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) , el proceso analítico en red con una subred de costes y otra de beneficios (ANP-BC) y el proceso analítico en red con cuatro subredes: beneficios, oportunidades, costes y riesgos (ANP-BOCR). Las principales contribuciones de este trabajo son: - El profundo análisis realizado sobre los criterios de decisión. - Se ha diseñado un procedimiento para evaluar un conjunto muy numeroso de actuaciones alternativas. - Se ha obtenido un proceso de toma de decisiones riguroso y sistemático que se puede generalizar para otras zonas de gestión de la Compañía Gestora de las Infraestructuras ferroviarias El resultado permite utilizar el presupuesto en los proyectos mejor valorados de acuerdo a los criterios establecidos por el decisor. Obteniéndose la priorización de forma transparente y documentada.<br>[CAT] Resum La construcció d'infraestructures ferroviàries requereix de grans inversions, llargs terminis de planificació i execució i els cicles de vida totals són molt llargs també. Dins dels projectes que es realitzen en aquest tipus d'infraestructures, una part molt important són les actuacions sobre línies en servei, que es denominen actuacions de manteniment, rehabilitació i millora (MR&I per les seues sigles en angles de Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement). Les actuacions de MR&I tenen un gran efecte a curt termini en afectar al rendiment d'instal·lacions que ja estan en servei en el moment de l'actuació . L'assignació eficaç dels escassos recursos disponibles per a MR&I per part dels gestors d'infraestructures és clau per a mantenir i millorar l'acompliment general de la xarxa. Cada any el gestor d'una zona de la xarxa s'enfronta a diferents necessitats de manteniment, rehabilitació i millora de la xarxa, per tant, té un conjunt molt gran de projectes de MR&I i un pressupost limitat per a executar-los. El problema que es planteja és seleccionar quins projectes tenen prioritat a l'hora de la seua execució i quins criteris ha de considerar per a establir aqueixa prioritat. És un problema complex a causa de l'ampli nombre de projectes possibles i de criteris a considerar. Els mètodes clàssics més utilitzats es basen en l'enfocament d'anàlisi cost-beneficie, però existeixen grans variacions i incerteses a l'hora d'obtenir els valors econòmics i els resultats de l'anàlisi depenen molt de la metodologia específica adoptada. Els mètodes basats en l'Anàlisi Multicriteri de Decisions (Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis MCDA) permeten integrar valoracions quantitatives i qualitatives, agregar les preferències de diversos experts i, en general, obtenir ordenacions de projectes més robustes que el CBA. No existeix apenes evidencia de l'aplicació de *MCDA al problema plantejat en la literatura científica. La recerca presentada en aquesta tesi estudia el procés de presa de decisions per a la selecció de projectes de MR&I en una xarxa ferroviària. Es dota als tècnics responsables i als gestors del manteniment dels administradors ferroviaris d'una eina metodològica que els ajude a establir una prioritat entre la cartera de projectes de MR&I. El problema s'afronta com una presa de decisió multicriteri (MCDM) en la qual s'han utilitzat tres models del mètode ANP, comparant els resultats entre si: el model jeràrquic basat en el Procés Analític Jeràrquic (AHP) , el procés analític en xarxa amb una subxarxa de costos i una altra de beneficis (ANP-BC), i el procés analític en xarxa amb quatre subxarxes: beneficis, oportunitats, costos i riscos (ANP-BOCR). Les principals contribucions d'aquest treball són: - La profunda anàlisi realitzada sobre els criteris de decisió. - S'ha dissenyat un procediment per a avaluar un conjunt molt nombrós d'actuacions alternatives. - S'ha obtingut un procés de presa de decisions rigorós i sistemàtic que es pot generalitzar per a altres zones de gestió de la Companyia Gestora de les Infraestructures ferroviàries El resultat permet utilitzar el pressupost en els projectes millor valorats d'acord als criteris establits pel decisor. Obtenint-se la priorització de forma transparent i documentada.<br>Montesinos Valera, J. (2015). Aplicación de las técnicas AHP, ANP-BC y ANP-BOCR de análisis multicriterio de decisiones a la selección de carteras de proyectos de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora en infraestructuras ferroviarias [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/56821<br>TESIS

El asesoramiento externo en educación ha logrado posicionarse de manera importante como una forma de apoyo a las escuelas que buscan revisar sus procesos internos con el fin de mejorar los aprendizajes de los estudiantes. Son varios los países que han optado por incluir en las políticas educativas los sistemas de apoyo a los centros educativos (Inglaterra, Estados Unidos, Nueva Zelanda, Suecia) y, entre ellos, encontramos a Chile, cuyo sistema educativo cuenta con un amplio mercado de Asistencias Técnicas Educativas que prestan servicios de asesoramiento externo a los colegios. La investigación analiza el funcionamiento de las ATE a las escuelas en el contexto Chileno. Específicamente, aborda el efecto que tienen las asistencias técnicas como un sistema de apoyo externo a la escuela para favorecer procesos de cambio. El objetivo general es: analizar el proceso de asesoramiento que desarrollan las Asistencias Técnicas Educativas en la escuela y los factores que determinan su impacto en la misma. Considerando que las ATE se han transformado en una estrategia bastante demandada por las escuelas, con una variada oferta de personas, empresas e instituciones de educación superior que entregan este servicio de apoyo externo, es necesario conocer, desde la voz de los que han recibido asesoramiento, cómo han impactado las ATE en las escuelas. En este sentido, se define la ATE como: un servicio de asesoría directa a los establecimientos educacionales provista por consultores externos, cuyo propósito es iniciar o sostener procesos de mejoramiento. Además, es preciso conocer los modelos de asesoramiento y el rol que asumen los asesores durante el proceso de asistencia y, contrastarlos con los cambios que se generan en las escuelas. La investigación asume un enfoque metodológico mixto concurrente. La población de estudio son escuelas que hayan sido asesoradas por una ATE, la técnica de muestreo es no probabilística intencional. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario, elaborado especialmente para esta investigación y la entrevista semiestructurada. Los informantes fueron docentes y directivos de escuelas que recibieron asistencia técnica. Los análisis aplicados a los datos fueron de tipo estadístico (AFE, ANOVA, t para muestras independientes y Regresión Logística Binaria), para las preguntas abiertas que contenía el cuestionario se aplicó un análisis estadístico de datos textuales (AEDT) y, para el análisis de las entrevistas se recurrió a la teoría fundamentada. Los resultados muestran que, en general, los docentes manifiestan una baja valoración respecto del impacto que pueda tener la ATE en las escuelas, así como también de su funcionamiento. Se han presentado diferencias significativas entre los docentes de las escuelas de titularidad Municipal y Particulares Subvencionadas (PS), donde los profesores de las escuelas PS presentan una mejor valoración de las ATE. A pesar de esta baja valoración, también se puede observar que la variable que más influye en el asesoramiento es la duración del proceso y, en el caso del modelo de asesoramiento, se aprecia que los modelos de colaboración y de facilitación pueden mejorar el impacto en las escuelas. Respecto de rol del asesor, se observa que el rol tipificado como facilitador puede mejorar la probabilidad de impacto de las ATE en los cambios en las escuelas. También, aparecen como variables relevantes que actúan como barreras y facilitadoras del asesoramiento, la comunicación entre asesor y asesorado, las actitudes del asesor, una cultura organizacional abierta al cambio, la participación de los docentes todas las etapas del asesoramiento, la disposición de los profesores hacia el apoyo externo. Respecto de la sostenibilidad de los cambios, se observó que las ATE no desarrollan acciones dirigidas a la institucionalización, por lo tanto las mejoras no se mantienen en el tiempo.<br>External advice in education has established itself to a significant extent as a form of support for schools seeking to review their internal processes in order to improve student learning. A number of countries (England, the United States, Australia, Sweden) have chosen to include school support systems in their educational policies. Among them is Chile, where there is an extensive market for Technical Educational Assistance (TEA) and the provision of external advice to schools. The research analyses the performance of TEA in schools in the Chilean context. Specifically, the effectiveness of technical assistance as a system of external support to schools to enable processes of change. The overall objective is: to analyse the advisory process carried out by Technical Educational Assistance in schools and the factors that determine its impact on them. Since TEA has become a highly sought-after strategy for schools, with a wide range of individuals, companies and institutions of higher education providing this service of external support, it is necessary to discover, through the feedback of those who have received it, what effect TEA has had on the schools where it has featured. For our purposes, TEA is defined as direct advisory services to educational establishments provided by outside consultants, whose purpose is to initiate or sustain processes of improvement. It is also necessary to know the advisory models used and the roles assumed by the consultants during the advisory process and correlate them with the changes occurring in schools. The research adopts a concurrent mixed methodological approach. The study population is composed of schools that have been advised by TEA, the sampling technique is purposive non-probabilistic. The instruments used were a questionnaire, specially developed for this research, and semi-structured interviews. The informants were teachers and directors of schools which had received technical assistance. The analyses applied to the data were statistical (EFA, ANOVA, t for independent samples and binary logistic regression); the open questions in the questionnaire received a statistical analysis of textual data (SATD) and grounded theory was applied to the analysis of interviews. The results show that, in general, teachers give a low valuation, both to the impact TEA may have in schools, and to its practices. There were significant differences between teachers in public schools and those in schools under subsidized private ownership, the latter giving a better assessment of TEA. Despite the low average valuation, we can also see that the most influential variable is the duration of the process, and with reference to the advisory model, we see that the models of collaboration and facilitation can improve the impact on schools. Regarding the role of the advisor, it appears that the role typically referred to as 'facilitator' can enhance the probability that TEA will produce changes in schools. In addition, relevant variables that act as barriers to, or facilitators of, the process include: the communication between the advisor and their client, the attitude of the advisor, the openness to change of the organizational culture of the school, the level of participation of teachers in all stages of the advisory process, and the attitude of the teachers towards external support in general. Regarding the sustainability of the changes, it was observed that TEA does not develop behaviours which lead to the institutionalization of changes, such that improvements are not sustained over time.