Relevant bibliographies by topics / Improving the Skin Texture

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Improving the Skin Texture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 26 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Improving the Skin Texture"

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Zalak, Prajapati* Sifa Memon Mona A. Gupta Dr. Nisha Patel Sandhya Bodhe. "Retinol: A Magical Ingredients for Improving the Skin Texture." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 753–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14849652.

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Nowadays, numerous skincare routines are used to rejuvenate aging skin. Retinoids are one of the most popular ingredients used in antiaging. Retinol has been shown to improve fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, skin roughness, and the appearance of photoaged skin. The efficacy and tolerability of retinol makes it preferable to prescription retinoids as many patients are intolerant of these more potent forms. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacokinetics of retinol and the clinical studies confirming its efficacy, tolerability, and safety with long-term use.
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Roh, Hyo Lyun, and Hyo Taek Lee. "Effects of paraffin wax and loess on skin hydration and texture." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 8, no. 3 (2025): 529–35. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i3.6557.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a paraffin wax and loess mixture compared to paraffin wax alone on skin hydration and texture enhancement. A total of 20 adult male and female participants were involved. Two types of treatments—pure paraffin wax and a paraffin-loess mixture—were applied to the dorsal side of the participants’ hands. Skin hydration, oil-moisture balance, and texture (softness) were measured before and after treatment using a validated skin analysis device. Both treatments led to improvements in skin moisture and softness. However, the paraffin-loess mixture demonstrated significantly greater benefits in terms of moisture retention, oil balance, and overall texture enhancement. These effects are attributed to the far-infrared radiation and antibacterial properties of loess, which may improve blood circulation and skin barrier function. The combination of paraffin wax and loess outperformed paraffin wax alone in improving skin properties, offering a synergistic effect. This combined treatment can be considered a promising approach for hydration-focused skincare and may have potential applications in dermatological therapy and cosmetic formulations.
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Gonçalves, Jennifer Moreira, Graziele Maia Alves Serafim, Bruna Caroline de Jesus Marinho, Natchely Estefane Vieira Perdigão, Mauro André Arguello, and Clara Santos. "TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: REFREEZE TECHNOLOGY, A COMBINATION OF ENDERMOLOGY AND RADIOFREQUENCY IN THE TREATMENT OF GYNOID LIPODYSTROPHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." REVISTA FOCO 17, no. 3 (2024): e4577. http://dx.doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v17n3-139.

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Introduction: Gynoid lipodystrophy, marked by the disproportionate accumulation of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer of the skin, significantly affects self-esteem and body perception, motivating the search for effective solutions. Endermology and radiofrequency technologies, especially when combined in the innovative Refreeze technology, promise advances in the treatment of this condition. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating endermology and radiofrequency in reducing cellulite and improving skin texture. Methodology: A systematic review of studies published between 2005 and 2023 was carried out; the applicability and results of this therapeutic combination were evaluated. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant improvement in skin texture and reduction in the appearance of cellulite, validating Refreeze technology as a less invasive and more effective approach.
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Rastogi, Rachna, and Anjali Gholap. "Daily use of a bakuchiol and squalane-containing face serum impacts skin esthetics." Cosmoderma 3 (December 15, 2023): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/csdm_224_2023.

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Objectives: The objective is to determine the impact of an oil-based face serum containing bakuchiol and squalane in improving skin esthetics such as texture and tone upon daily use. Material and Methods: A non-comparative, single-arm study on 50 females (aged 18–50 years) with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV was conducted for four weeks. The impact of the formulation on skin-related parameters was determined by instrumental analysis and dermatologist evaluation. Cosmetic acceptability and safety of the preparation were recorded through self-evaluation questionnaires. Results: The formulation was safe and well tolerated throughout the study duration. A significant reduction in the appearance of age/dark spots (ITA°), Δ ITA° = 38.28% compared to baseline, was observed in two weeks. Up to 11.9% improvement in skin elasticity was noted in four weeks of usage. The continuous once-a-day application also helped in reducing the transepidermal water loss throughout the study. Conclusion: Regular use of facial oil serum can help improve skin texture and tone.
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Salvaggio, Antonio, Anna Privitera, Greta Ferruggia, Massimo Zimbone, and Maria Violetta Brundo. "EXOSOMES FOR FACIAL REPAIR, REGENERATION AND REJUVENATION: COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 12 (2024): 1052–60. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/20113.

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Exosomes have been studied as a potential therapeutic option for improving skin texture. The mode of action of exosomes for skin texture likely involves several mechanisms, including stimulation of collagen production, promotion of skin cell proliferation reduction of oxidative stress regulation of inflammatory and antioxidant responses extracellular matrix remodeling, which is important for maintaining skin structure and function. Aim of this study is to compare the in vitro effects of some commercial products that use new technologies containing plant derived nanovesicles from Rosa damascena callus, Centella asiaticacallus, Euphorbia supina stem and exosomes from bovine colostrum passively loaded with growth factors and cytokines purified from bovine colostrum, for facial repair, regeneration and rejuvenation.Of all the products tested, only product containing exosomes purified from colostrum gave very encouraging results in terms of effects on proliferation, cell viability and wound repair. The other products tested gave results comparable to the untreated samples.
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Żyga, Justyna. "Oral collagen supplements intake on improving skin structure and function." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 7 (2022): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.07.043.

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Introduction: Young and healthy skin is a beauty standard that generates the necessity of acceptance. Collagen supplements have recently grown in popularity and become a trendy product advertised as a remedy for various skin problems. As it turns out, numerous scientific studies have shown the benefits of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation in improving the signs of skin ageing. There are various animal sources of collagen, but marine fish collagen has the best safety profile, biocompatibility and bioavailability and remains the most frequent product used in scientific trials. Among newest randomised-control trials five were researched for this study to evaluate the efficacy of collagen supplementation and its influence of skin appearance with both objective and subjective assessment.
 State of knowledge: hydrolysed collagen supplementation demonstrated a significant reduction in wrinkles, improvement in skin texture, firmness and appearance. Moreover, studies show significant enhancement of the water content in the stratum corneum and epidermis. Reduction of transepidermal water loss and increased level of natural moisturising factor was observed. 
 Conclusions: hydrolysed collagen supplements can delay and improve the signs of skin ageing by decreasing facial wrinkles and improving skin hydration and elasticity. Supplement intake is effective and safe - analysed studies have not reported any major adverse effects. Since reviewed trials lasted for no longer than 12 weeks, further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term use of hydrolysed collagen peptides.
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Wan, Jovian, Suk Bae Seo, Song Eun Yoon, and Kyu-Ho Yi. "The Efficacy of Combined Microneedling and Topical Poly-d,l-lactic Acid (Juvelook) Application for Facial Pore Reduction and Skin Texture Improvement." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 13, no. 6 (2025): e6838. https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006838.

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Background: Enlarged facial pores are a common cosmetic concern influenced by factors such as age, genetics, and increased sebaceous activity. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities, results are often variable, and many methods involve significant discomfort or a high number of sessions. This case series evaluated the efficacy of combining microneedling with the topical application of poly-d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA, Juvelook, VAIM Inc., Seoul, Korea) in reducing pore size and improving skin texture. Methods: Fifteen patients with enlarged facial pores underwent 3 sessions of microneedling with intradermal PDLLA injections spaced 3 weeks apart. Pore size was evaluated using a standardized visual grading scale, and improvements in skin texture were assessed through clinical photography. Patient satisfaction was measured using a 4-point Likert scale. Results: All patients demonstrated significant improvements, with pore size scores decreasing from an average of 6 (baseline) to 3 at 12 weeks (P < 0.001) and results maintained through 22 weeks. Skin texture showed noticeable enhancement, and 80% of patients reported high satisfaction levels. Mild transient erythema and edema were observed in some patients, resolving within 48 hours. Conclusions: Microneedling combined with topical PDLLA is a minimally invasive, effective treatment for pore reduction and skin texture improvement. Further research, including larger randomized controlled trials and advanced imaging technologies, is warranted to validate these findings and refine the treatment protocol.
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Somji, Munir, and Tino Solomon. "Use of a fractional 1570‐nm diode laser scanner for non‐ablative face and neck rejuvenation." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 23, S1 (2024): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16284.

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AbstractBackgroundThe use of non‐ablative fractionated lasers for skin rejuvenation has been proven to be effective in improving skin texture, and has become popular due to minimal wounding, significantly shorter recovery times and decreased adverse effects.ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze improvement in skin texture in healthy women aged over 18 years with Fitzpatrick skin types II–IV.MethodsParticipants received three facial and/or neck treatments with the 1570‐nm fractional scanning diode laser at 1‐month intervals. Three months after the last treatment session two blinded evaluators assessed skin improvement using before and after photos. Pain and patient satisfaction were recorded.ResultsSixteen women with a mean age of 45.4 ± 4.1 years (range 35–50 years) and skin type II–IV were included in the analysis. All 16 participants received facial treatments and seven (43.8%) also received neck treatments. Three months follow‐up evaluation showed that the majority of participants had a visible change in the treated areas. Mean pain score was low and decreased with each treatment session.ConclusionSkin treatment using fractional scanning 1570‐nm diode laser improves skin laxity in women with skin types II–IV. Larger studies are warranted to further clarify the efficacy and safety of this modality.
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Odrzywołek, Wiktoria, Anna Deda, Dagmara Kuca, Małgorzata Bożek, Krzysztof Makarski, and Sławomir Wilczyński. "Quantitative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Erbium Glass Laser Therapy for Acne Scars." Applied Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020995.

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Background: Acne scarring presents a significant esthetic and psychological concern, commonly classified into atrophic and hypertrophic types. Effectively managing these lesions often involves the use of therapeutic strategies such as laser treatments, dermabrasion, and fillers. This study investigates the efficacy of 1550 nm erbium glass laser therapy in the treatment of atrophic acne scars through a quantitative assessment. Material and Methods: Participants with mild to moderate atrophic acne scars received two sessions of fractional erbium glass laser therapy at one-month intervals. Skin density and epidermal thickness were measured using a high-frequency ultrasound device (DUB SkinScanner), while the Antera 3D imaging system facilitated a comprehensive analysis of skin parameters, including texture, volumetric depressions, and pigmentation. Results: The use of this therapy led to significant improvements across multiple parameters. Skin density and epidermal thickness increased. Significant reductions were observed in fold depth, pore volume, and depression volume, indicating enhanced smoothness and minimized scar appearance. Improvements in texture roughness and pigmentation contributed to a visually coherent skin surface. Conclusions: Fractional erbium glass laser therapy effectively ameliorates the appearance of atrophic acne scars by increasing skin density, reducing dermal depressions, and improving texture and pigmentation uniformity. The Antera 3D system and high-frequency ultrasound device demonstrated high efficacy in capturing subtle changes, supporting its value in clinical applications for optimizing treatment parameters.
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Patole, Shravani Prakash, Nishigandha D. Naikawadi, and Dr V. K. Redasani. "Revitalize Your Skin: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical peel." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 12, no. 3 (2024): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1401.

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Recent years have seen tremendous progress in the realm of cosmetic science, with chemical peels becoming a well-liked method for improving and rejuvenating skin. In the field of cosmetic science, a chemical peel entails applying chemical solutions to the skin in order to induce controlled skin peeling and exfoliation. The goals of this operation are to minimize small lines, improve the texture of the skin, and treat conditions like hyperpigmentation or acne. The degree of skin penetration and the ensuing consequences are determined by the peel's depth. Chemical peels can be classified as superficial, medium, or deep, with each type providing unique advantages and things to think about. All things considered, they are essential for skin rejuvenation since they encourage the removal of damaged skin layers, exposing skin that is smoother and looks younger.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Improving the Skin Texture"

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Rowe, Dale Christopher. "Face recognition using skin texture." Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528278.

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Al-Qarni, Garsah Farhan. "Skin texture features for face recognition." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633831.

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Face recognition has been deployed in a wide range of important applications including surveillance and forensic identification. However, it still seems to be a challenging problem as its performance severely degrades under illumination, pose and expression variations, as well as with occlusions, and aging. In this thesis, we have investigated the use of local facial skin data as a source of biometric information to improve human recognition. Skin texture features have been exploited in three major tasks, which include (i) improving the performance of conventional face recognition systems, (ii) building an adaptive skin-based face recognition system, and (iii) dealing with circumstances when a full view of the face may not be avai'lable. Additionally, a fully automated scheme is presented for localizing eyes and mouth and segmenting four facial regions: forehead, right cheek, left cheek and chin. These four regions are divided into nonoverlapping patches with equal size. A novel skin/non-skin classifier is proposed for detecting patches containing only skin texture and therefore detecting the pure-skin regions. Experiments using the XM2VTS database indicate that the forehead region has the most significant biometric information. The use of forehead texture features improves the rank-l identification of Eigenfaces system from 77.63% to 84.07%. The rank-l identification is equal 93.56% when this region is fused with Kernel Direct Discriminant Analysis algorithm.
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Pinheiro, Jefferson Magalhães. "A procedural model for snake skin texture generation." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171371.

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Existem milhares de espécies de serpentes no mundo, muitas com padrões distintos e intricados. Esta diversidade se torna um problema para usuários que precisam criar texturas de pele de serpente para aplicar em modelos 3D, pois a dificuldade em criar estes padrões complexos é considerável. Nós primeiramente propomos uma categorização de padrões de pele de serpentes levando em conta suas características visuais. Então apresentamos um modelo procedural capaz de sintetizar uma vasta gama de textura de padrões de pele de serpentes. O modelo usa processamento de imagem simples (tal como sintetizar bolinhas e listras) bem como autômatos celulares e geradores de ruído para criar texturas realistas para usar em renderizadores modernos. Nossos resultados mostram boa similaridade visual com pele de serpentes reais. As texturas resultantes podem ser usadas não apenas em computação gráfica, mas também em educação sobre serpentes e suas características visuais. Nós também realizamos testes com usuários para avaliar a usabilidade de nossa ferramenta. O escore da Escala de Usabilidade do Sistema foi de 85:8, sugerindo uma ferramenta de texturização altamente efetiva.<br>There are thousands of snake species in the world, many with intricate and distinct skin patterns. This diversity becomes a problem for users who need to create snake skin textures to apply on 3D models, as the difficulty for creating such complex patterns is considerable. We first propose a categorization of snake skin patterns considering their visual characteristics. We then present a procedural model capable of synthesizing a wide range of texture skin patterns from snakes. The model uses simple image processing (such as synthesizing spots and stripes) as well as cellular automata and noise generators to create realistic textures for use in a modern renderer. Our results show good visual similarity with real skin found in snakes. The resulting textures can be used not only for computer graphics texturing, but also in education about snakes and their visual characteristics. We have also performed a user study to assess the usability of our tool. The score from the System Usability Scale was 85:8, suggesting a highly effective texturing tool.
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Round, Andrew John. "Texture and colour for automatic image-based skin lesion analysis." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/texture-and-colour-for-automatic-imagebased-skin-lesion-analysis(6f44bc07-d680-4aee-941b-49ba4ddd5314).html.

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The research presented here considers automatic diagnosis support for skin cancer. The role of computer-based diagnosis, and its value within a primary care situation are examined resulting in synthesis of aims, requirements and properties for an effective system -a system based on digital optical images captured and processed using low-cost commercial computer technology. The issues involved in acquisition of lesion boundaries are discussed. The value of accurate and robust boundaries, in terms of both directly obtainable diagnostic features and in enabling lesion property evaluation, is identified. Previous research has proposed the edge focusing process. This work has addressed the improvement, in terms of potential for future development, evaluation and reuse, of this process through porting it to a highly modular form in the Khoros environment. The role of colour analysis and its value in terms of provision of diagnostically useful features is investigated, and the central importance of segmentation is identified. The fundamental properties of effective segmentation of lesion image colours are identified as a need to reflect human perception of colour similarity and a basis on local regions. A new region-based segmentation technique using data transformed to a perception-uniform colour-space is presented and shown to yield promising results. Finally the use of texture information is discussed. The nature and properties of the large-scale texture of skin patterning and its disruption are investigated and an abstracted representation proposed. A new technique is presented and shown to be effective in extracting the qualities of the skin patterning. Methods for analysing this representation of the patterning to quantify the disruption attributable to the lesion are proposed and developed. The combination of these extraction, analysis and disruption evaluation techniques is shown to be effective in relation to both visual assessment of disruption and diagnostic performance.
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Holmberg, Björn. "Estimating Human Limb Motion Using Skin Texture and Particle Filtering." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9352.

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Estimating human motion is the topic of this thesis. We are interested in accurately estimating the motion of a human body using only video images capturing the subject in motion. Video images from up to two cameras are considered. The first main topic of the thesis is to investigate a new type of input data. This data consists of some sort of texture. This texture can be added to the human body segment under study or it can be the actual texture of the skin. In paper I we investigate if added texture together with the use of a two camera system can provide enough information to make it possible to estimate the knee joint center location. Evaluation is made using a marker based system that is run in parallel to the two camera video system. The results from this investigation show promise for the use of texture. The marker and texture based estimates differ in absolute values but the variations are similar indicating that texture is in fact usable for this purpose. In paper II and III we investigate further the usability in images of skin texture as input for motion estimation. Paper II approaches the problem of estimating human limb motion in the image plane. An image histogram based mutual information criterion is used to decide if an extracted image patch from frame k is a good match to some location in frame k+1. Eval- uation is again performed using a marker based system synchronized to the video stream. The results are very promising for the application of skin texture based motion estimation in 2D. In paper III, basically the same approach is taken as in paper II with the substantial difference that here estimation of three dimensional motion is addressed. Two video cameras are used and the image patch matching is performed both between cameras (inter-camera) in frame k and also in each cameras images (intra-camera) for frame k to k+1. The inter-camera matches yield triangulated three dimensional estimates on the approximate surface of the skin. The intra-camera matches provide a way to connect the three dimensional points between frame k and k+1 The resulting one step three dimensional trajectories are then used to estimate rigid body motion using least squares methods. The results show that there is still some work to be done before this texture based method can be an alternative to the marker based methods. In paper IV the second main topic of the thesis is discussed. Here we present an investigation in using model based techniques for the purpose of estimating human motion. A kinematic model of the thigh and shank segments are built with an anatomic model of the knee. Using this model, the popular particle filter and typical simulated data from the triangulation in paper III, an estimate of the motion variables in the thigh and shank segment can be achieved. This also includes one static model parameter used to describe the knee model. The results from this investigation show good promise for the use of triangulated skin texture as input to such a model based approach.
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Paoli, John. "Selected aspects on improving the management of skin cancer /." Göteborg : Dept. of Dermatology and Veneorology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/20104.

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Tan, Siao Pei. "Improving the skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11735.

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Atopic dermatitis, AD (synonym eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It affects between 10 to 20% of children and 1 to 3% of adults worldwide. It is an important cause of morbidity and is estimated to cost £465 million per annum to the UK. AD is part of a family of Th-2 driven diseases and is often the first of these atopic diseases to manifest. The development of AD is often followed by asthma and allergic rhinitis later in life (a phenomenon known as the ‘atopic march’). Up to 50% of moderate to severe AD cases have been associated with genetic mutations affecting the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin. Filaggrin aggregates keratin filaments during terminal keratinocyte differentiation, allowing normal epidermal stratification. The role of filaggrin in maintaining a functional skin barrier is further supported by a clinical study conducted by ourselves. This is the first clinical study on a European cohort (58 participants) which showed that FLG mutations were associated with experimentally demonstrable defects of skin barrier function (increased baseline transepidermal water loss), more so following exposure to a chemical irritant. However, the majority of patients with AD, especially the milder cases, do not have FLG mutations. Some of the wild-type patients in our study were noticed to have accumulation of the large filaggrin proprotein and a lack of filaggrin monomers, indicating defective proteolysis of profilaggrin into the functional monomers. Our study also found disproportionately raised protease inhibitory activities amongst the AD participants. This inappropriately raised protease inhibition may interfere with profilaggrin proteolysis, leading to the development of AD in some wild-type patients. Having demonstrated that deficiency of filaggrin monomers is associated with a defective skin barrier, we focused on the function of filaggrin in the skin and attempted to improve the skin barrier function. In addition to keratin aggregation, filaggrin constitutes the natural moisturizing factors in the epidermis following its natural breakdown into amino acids. We note that filaggrin is disproportionately rich in amino acid histidine, implying that this amino acid may have a particular significance in maintaining a functional epidermal barrier. Using an in-house skin-equivalent model, we have shown that by increasing the histidine content in the cell culture media, we could increase the expression of filaggrin monomers and reduce the penetration of a fluorescent dye into the skin-equivalents. The latter indicates improved barrier function. Finally, we conducted a pilot human study which showed that histidine, when applied to mechanically damaged skin in AD and healthy participants, was associated with a faster recovery of the skin barrier function. These studies suggest that histidine is of therapeutic benefits in AD. A histidine-based treatment may be developed as an alternative to current anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents used to treat AD.
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Chong, Cassandra. "Improving 3D Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering using Advanced Biotechnology." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16551.

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Existing, dermal, regenerative scaffolds facilitate dermal repair and wound healing of severe burn injuries; however, new tissue is often functionally, mechanically and aesthetically abnormal due to irregular deposition of new extracellular matrix. In the present study two novel, elastin-containing scaffolds were developed, characterised and examined both in vitro and in vivo aiming to minimise wound contraction, improve scar appearance and increase skin elasticity post-healing. The first types of scaffolds were electrospun from a triple polymer solution of collagen, elastin and poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (CEP). Two scaffolds were chosen for characterisation: CEP 1 was fabricated using a 1.5 % (w/v) collagen, 12 % (w/v) elastin and 1.5 % (w/v) poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) solution, a flow rate of 3 mL/h, an air gap of 15 cm and an applied electric potential of 25 kV; and CEP 2 was electrospun using a 2 % (w/v) collagen, 12 % (w/v) elastin and 1 % (w/v) PCL solution at 1 mL/h, 20 cm and 20 kV. In vitro cell studies using human, dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and immortalised, human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) revealed CEP 1 and CEP 2 supported cell-seeding and cell proliferation with significantly higher proliferation of both cell types on CEP 1. Additionally, subcutaneous implant studies in mice revealed minimal inflammation in response to both scaffolds with CEP 1 vascularised by week 2 post-surgery. However, CEP 1 was rapidly biodegraded after 2 weeks. Collagen deposition was observed in encapsulating tissue and new tissue with consistent collagen expression over 24 weeks. The second type of scaffold investigated was an elastin-modified version of the commercial, dermal substitute Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (IDRT). Elastin-IDRT (EDRT) was developed by inclusion of 10% human tropoelastin and then investigated in comparison with IDRT. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscope and mechanical characterisation revealed EDRT had significantly enlarged pores, higher porosity and increased deformability. Higher cell seeding efficiency of HaCaTs on EDRT was observed compared to IDRT but cell proliferation rate was found to be similar over 28 days. HDFs displayed increased cell growth rate on EDRT over 28 days compared to IDRT. Enhanced and accelerated HDF infiltration of EDRT was also visualised with complete infiltration by day 14 post-seeding. An in vivo, mouse, subcutaneous implant model showed that EDRT induced minimal inflammation. Gene expression of mouse collagen was consistent over 24 weeks with non-significant increases in elastin expression from weeks 2 and 4. One-step grafting demonstrated similar contraction between EDRT-, IDRT- and autografted wounds with final contraction around 40 % compared to 100 % in open wounds. EDRT displayed significantly accelerated, early-stage angiogenesis with higher vascularisation than IDRT-grafted, autografted or open wounds 2 weeks post grafting. By week 4 EDRT- and IDRT-grafted wounds had similar levels of vascularisation which were higher than autografted and open wounds. EDRT showed improved mechanical performance, supported enhanced cell interactions in vitro and accelerated angiogenesis in vivo. In summary, investigated scaffolds demonstrated properties that could potentially improve burn wound healing. The inclusion of elastin in scaffolds produced by either electrospinning or lyophilisation improved HDF infiltration and supported formation of a confluent layer of HaCaTs which could result in increased pliability of new skin and accelerated wound healing. In EDRT elastin improved scaffold porosity, pore size and accelerated angiogenesis in vivo indicating EDRT can facilitate and improve wound remodelling. Further investigation of both scaffolds is warranted especially due to the vascular inductive effects of EDRT and the synchronous spatial and temporal biodegradation of CEP 2 observed in vivo.
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Skedung, Lisa. "Tactile Perception : Role of Friction and Texture." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103916.

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Tactile perception is considered an important contributor to the overall consumer experience of a product. However, what physical properties that create the specifics of tactile perception, are still not completely understood. This thesis has researched how many dimensions that are required to differentiate the surfaces perceptually, and then tried to explain these dimensions in terms of physical properties, by interconnecting human perception measurements with various physical measurements. The tactile perception was assessed by multidimensional scaling or magnitude estimation, in which methods human participants assign numbers to how similar pairs of surfaces are perceived or to the relative quantity of a specified perceptual attribute, such as softness, smoothness, coarseness and coolness. The role of friction and surface texture in tactile perception was investigated in particular detail, because typically tactile exploration involves moving (at least) one finger over a textured surface. A tactile approach for measuring friction was developed by means of moving a finger over the surfaces, mounted on a force sensor. The contribution of finger friction to tactile perception was investigated for surfaces of printing papers and tissue papers, as well as for model surfaces with controlled topography. The overarching research goal of this thesis was to study, systematically, the role of texture in tactile perception of surfaces. The model surfaces displayed a sinusoidal texture with a characteristic wavelength and amplitude, fabricated by surface wrinkling and replica molding techniques. A library of surfaces was manufactured, ranging in wavelengths from 270 nm up to 100 µm and in amplitudes from 7 nm up to 6 µm. These surfaces were rigid and cleanable and could therefore be reused among the participants. To my knowledge, this is the first time in a psychophysical experiment, that the surface texture has been controlled over several orders of magnitude in length scale, without simultaneously changing other material properties of the stimuli. The finger friction coefficient was found to decrease with increasing aspect ratio (amplitude/wavelength) of the model surfaces and also with increasing average surface roughness of the printing papers. Analytical modeling of the finger’s interaction with the model surfaces shows how the friction coefficient increases with the real contact area, and that the friction mechanism is the same on both the nanoscale and microscale. The same interaction mechanism also explains the friction characteristics of tissue paper. Furthermore, it was found that the perceptions of smoothness, coarseness, coolness and dryness are satisfactorily related to the real contact area at the finger-surface interface.  It is shown that it is possible to discern perceptually among both printing papers and tissue papers, and this differentiation is based on either two or three underlying dimensions. Rough/smooth and thin/thick were the two main dimensions of surface feel found for the printing papers, whereas friction and wavelength were strongly related to the perceptual cues employed in scaling the model surfaces. These experimental results support the duplex theory of texture perception, which holds that both a “spatial sense”; used to discriminate the roughest textures from the others, and a “vibration sense”; used to discriminate among the smoother textures, are involved. The perception of what is considered rough and smooth depends on the experimental stimulus context. It is concluded that friction is important for human differentiation of surface textures below about 10 µm in surface roughness, and for larger surface textures, friction is less important or can even be neglected. The finger friction experiments also allowed the following conclusions to be drawn: (i) The interindividual variation in friction coefficients is too large to allow direct comparison; however, the trends in relative friction coefficients for a group of participants are the same. (ii) Lipids are transferred to the test surface of study, and this lowers the friction. (iii) Many of the studies point to a characteristic frequency during sliding of about 30 Hz, which is both characteristic of the resonance frequency of skin and the expected frequency associated with the fingerprints. (iv) The applied load in surface interrogation is in fact regulated in response to the friction force. The limits in tactile perception were indirectly researched by similarity scaling experiments on the model surfaces. Wrinkle wavelengths of 760 nm and 870 nm could be discriminated from untextured reference surfaces, whereas 270 nm could not. The amplitude of the wrinkles so discriminated was approximately 10 nm, suggesting that nanotechnology may well have a role to play in haptics and tactile perception.<br>Taktil perception bidrar starkt till den sammantagna upplevelsen av en produkt, men hur materials olika ytegenskaper påverkar och styr perceptionen är ännu inte helt klart. Den här avhandlingen undersöker hur många och vilka egenskaper som är viktiga när känslan mellan två ytor jämförs. Tillvägagångssättet är tvärvetenskapligt där fysikaliska mätningar kopplas ihop med perceptions mätningar där människor används som instrument. Två typer av perceptionsförsök har utförts, multidimensionell skalning där försökspersoner sätter siffror på hur lika två ytor känns, samt magnitud estimation där i stället intensiteten på specifika perceptuella storheter som t.ex. upplevt lenhet, upplevd mjukhet och upplevd strävhet bedömdes. Eftersom taktil perception innebär kontakt samt relativ rörelse mellan hud och ytor, har fokus i avhandlingen varit att undersöka hur friktion och ytans struktur (ytråhet) påverkar och bidrar till den taktila perceptionen. Förutom fysikaliska mätningar på friktion och ytstruktur har värmekonduktivitet, mjukhet samt olika standard mätningar inom pappersindustrin mätts. En metod för att mäta friktion mellan ett finger och olika ytor har utvecklats för att i möjligaste mån återspegla friktionskomponenten i upplevt taktil perception. Friktionskoefficienter beräknades och jämfördes mellan alla ytor. De stimuli som har studerats är tryckpapper och mjukpapper samt modellytor, gjorda för att systematiskt undersöka hur ytstruktur påverkar perceptionen. Tillverkningsmetoden för modellytorna valdes så att ytorna var tåliga och kunde tvättas och därmed återanvändas. Strukturen på ytorna bestod av ett vågformat mönster där våglängden varierade mellan 270 nm och 100 µm och amplituden mellan 7 nm och 6 µm. Enligt vår vetskap är det första gången som strukturer i de här skalorna har gjorts utan att samtidigt ändra andra material egenskaper. Friktionskoefficienten minskade med ökad kvot mellan amplituden och våglängden på modellytorna samt med ytråheten på tryckpappren. En analytisk modell tillämpades på kontakten mellan ett finger och ytorna som visade att friktionskoefficienten beror av den verkliga kontaktarean. För de mycket grövre mjukpappren uppmättes inga stora skillnader i friktion förmodligen för att kontakarean mellan de olika mjukpapprena var lika. Den faktiska kontakarean visade sig också vara viktig för perceptionen av lenhet, strävhet, torrhet och svalhet. Det visade sig vara en stor perceptuell skillnad mellan olika typer av tryckpapper och mjukpapper utifrån hur stimuli placerade sig på en taktil karta. För de tre materialen användes enbart två alternativt tre egenskaper hos materialet för att särskilja mellan alla olika par. För tryckpapper verkade en viktig dimension kunna beskrivas av alla de perceptuella och fysikaliska egenskaper som har med kontaktarean att göra, d.v.s. lenhet, svalhet, torrhet, ytråhet, värmekonduktivitet samt friktion. För att taktilt särskilja mellan olika ytor där bara strukturen är varierade, kunde friktion och våglängden relateras till spridningen i kartan. Båda studierna stödjer duplex theory of texture perception, där ett spatialt sinne används för att särskilja en av de grövre ytorna från en slät, och ett vibrationssinne för att särskilja mellan olika släta strukturer. Friktionen visade sig alltså vara en viktig fysikalisk egenskap för strukturer under åtminstone 10 µm i ytråhet. Från fingerfriktions mätningar kunde även följande slutsatser dras: (i) Stora skillnader i friktionskoefficient mellan olika personer uppmättes, men trenderna mellan olika individer var samma, vilket gör att relativa skillnader i friktion från en individ är representativa. (ii) Lipider (fingerfett) som överförs från fingret till ytan vid kontakt sänker friktionen. (iii) Frekvensinnehållet i friktionskraften varierar mellan olika ytor och den frekvenstopp som ses vid 30 Hz kan möjligtvis bero på fingrets struktur eller resonansfrekvensen på huden. (iv) Den pålagda kraften under en friktionsmätning visar sig omedvetet regleras av den friktionskraft som fingret möter under rörelse.  Hur små strukturer som kan diskrimineras har indirekt undersökts genom likhetsförsöket på modellytorna där försökspersoner skulle bedöma hur lika alla par av ytor kändes. Resultaten visade att ytorna med våglängder på 760 nm och 870 nm upplevdes olika jämfört med referens ytor utan något systematiskt mönster, medan ytan med 270 nm i våglängd inte kunde särskiljas. Amplituden på ytan som kunde diskrimineras var endast ca 10 nm, vilket indikerar att nanoteknologi mycket väl kan bidra inom haptiken och för att i framtiden kontrollera den taktila perceptionen.<br><p>QC 20121026</p>
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Karlsson, Robin. "Improving Baked Textures as a Content Creator." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4832.

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Problems. This thesis will look at texture-baking for games and the various problems that surrounds it. The problems discussed include topics such as tangent basis synchronization and improving bakes by using methods such as cages, smoothing groups splits, etc. Motivation. The reason for looking at this is that it is an important topic in content creation for modern games. Yet people are still struggling with how to get normalmaps that are interpreted correctly in their game engine of choice and how to get clean bakes. Solution. The results is a few different methods for improving baked textures (such as proxy meshes and cages, etc.) and establishing a pipeline with tangent synchronization via Handplane. The practical results are in the end presented by some comparison images with comparisons for model that do and don’t use the techniques discussed herein. The pipeline created in the thesis has the potential to improve the generation of baked textures in a way so that they will render better in real-time applications. Methodology. The results were established by basing it upon baking experiences regarding baking and texturing models for real-time applications. The experiments were set up so that the I would revisit older, somewhat complex models and try to improve their baking. There were also a comparison of applications that were compared by trying to generate noise-less ambient occlusion textures.<br>En uppsats som handlar om hur man som grafiker till spel och/eller film kan förbättra bakade texturer som exempelvis normal och ambient occlusion texturer.
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Books on the topic "Improving the Skin Texture"

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Harris, David Earl. Texture analysis of skin cancer images. UMI, 1991.

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Stehlin, Dori. Cosmetic safety: More complex than at first blush. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, 1995.

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Bittner, Jason P. The use of texture in improving the simulation of low-level flight. Dept. of Applied Science and Engineerng, University of Toronto, 1997.

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Bittner, Jason P. The use of texture in improving the simulation of low-level flight. National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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AMY, Summer. Essential Oils Uses Guide...: For Skin Glowing and Freshness ,Herbal Uses for Healing Illness ,Improving Hair Growth and Texture. Independently Published, 2020.

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Boehmke, Elma. Homemade Face Mask for Your Skin: Improve Skin Texture. Independently Published, 2021.

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Cow Skin Fur Texture Large Address Book. Independently Published, 2021.

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Cow Skin Fur Texture Large Address Book. Independently Published, 2021.

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Latten, Jovita. Homemade Face Mask for Your Skin : Improve Skin Texture: Coffee Face Mask for Glowing Skin. Independently Published, 2021.

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MO, Camden Rennie. But First, Skin Care: Notebook Journal Composition Blank Lined Diary Notepad 120 Pages Paperback Golden Coral Texture Skin Care. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Improving the Skin Texture"

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Zhu, Xiangxin, Zhen Lei, and Stan Z. Li. "Skin Texture." In Encyclopedia of Biometrics. Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_99.

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Zhu, Xiangxin, Zhen Lei, and Stan Z. Li. "Skin Texture." In Encyclopedia of Biometrics. Springer US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4_99.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "coarse skin texture." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2218.

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Mullangi, Pradeep, Y. Srinivasa Rao, and Pushpa Kotipalli. "Texture and Clustering-based Skin Disease Classification." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6614-6_11.

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Ishii, Tomomi, Takami Yasuda, Shigeki Yokoi, and Jun-ichiro Toriwaki. "A Generation Model for Human Skin Texture." In Communicating with Virtual Worlds. Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68456-5_12.

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Myakinin, Oleg O., Alexander G. Khramov, Dmitry S. Raupov, Semyon G. Konovalov, Sergey V. Kozlov, and Alexander A. Moryatov. "Texture Analysis in Skin Cancer Tumor Imaging." In Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of Cancer. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44594-2_13.

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Zhang, David, Guangming Lu, and Lei Zhang. "Hand Back Skin Texture for Personal Identification." In Advanced Biometrics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61545-5_10.

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Kawulok, Michal. "Texture Analysis for Skin Probability Maps Refinement." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31149-9_8.

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Osterwalder, Uli, and Hauke Rohwer. "Improving UV Protection by Clothing — Recent Developments." In Cancers of the Skin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59410-6_9.

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Rafe, Ali. "Improving Texture of Foods using Emerging Hydrocolloids." In Emerging Natural Hydrocolloids. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119418511.ch20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Improving the Skin Texture"

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Ren, Boyu. "Enhanced Microfiber Vector Haptic Skin for Texture Angle Information Extraction." In 2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Algorithms and Control Engineering (ICAACE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaace65325.2025.11020026.

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Tanantong, Tanatorn, Pangon La-or-on, and Krittakom Srijiranon. "Improving AI-Based Skin Disease Classification with StyleGAN3 for Minority Skin Tone Generation." In 2024 16th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon64021.2024.10896290.

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Gallazzi, Mirco, Anwar Rehman, Silvia Corchs, and Ignazio Gallo. "Improving Classification in Skin Lesion Analysis Through Segmentation." In 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013247900003905.

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Gopalakrishnan, Subhadra, Trisha Mittal, Jaclyn Pytlarz, and Yuheng Zhao. "S2MGen: A synthetic skin mask generator for improving segmentation." In 2024 International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ism63611.2024.00006.

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S, Senthil Pandi, Bala Subramanian C, Praveen D. S, and Ezhil Dyana M. V. "Improving Skin Lesion Diagnosis Employing Attention-Based LSTM Networks." In 2024 International Conference on Integration of Emerging Technologies for the Digital World (ICIETDW). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icietdw61607.2024.10939196.

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Yoon, Huisu, Chanhyuk Lee, Jongha Lee, and Semin Kim. "Simulation of facial skin lesions leveraging texture-preserving inpainting and color image decomposition." In Clinical and Biomedical Imaging, edited by Barjor S. Gimi and Andrzej Krol. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3047206.

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Khasawneh, M. A. "Investigating the impact of pavement surface features on skid resistance: A review on machine learning approach." In Civil and Environmental Engineering for Resilient, Smart and Sustainable Solutions. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903414-100.

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Abstract. Pavement friction is a critical factor in ensuring road safety and performance. This review explores the correlation between asphalt pavement surface features and locked-wheel skid trailer friction values using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The study focuses on how ML algorithms, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), can be utilized to analyze and predict pavement surface characteristics and their impact on skid resistance. The review provides an overview of common pavement surface features that influence skid resistance, such as texture and roughness, and describes the measurement techniques used to quantify these features. It also discusses the application of locked-wheel skid trailer testing as a method for measuring pavement friction and highlights the potential of ML algorithms in analyzing skid resistance data. The review concludes with a discussion on the challenges and future directions of using ML algorithms and ANNs in pavement engineering studies, emphasizing the importance of study in improving road safety and pavement performance.
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Islam, Md Nazrul, Jaime Gallardo-Alvarado, Masyitah Abu, Nurfazlyna Aneem Salman, Sahanah Pandu Rengan, and Sakina Said. "Skin disease recognition using texture analysis." In 2017 IEEE 8th Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgrc.2017.8070584.

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Fotouhi, Mehran, Mohammad H. Rohban, and Shohreh Kasaei. "Skin detection using contourlet texture analysis." In 2009 14th International CSI Computer Conference (CSICC 2009) (Postponed from July 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csicc.2009.5349608.

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Bhattacharjee, Nabanita, and Ranjan Parekh. "Skin texture analysis for medical diagnosis." In the 2011 International Conference. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1947940.1948004.

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Reports on the topic "Improving the Skin Texture"

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Bivins, Gerrick O'Ron. A texture-based framework for improving CFD data visualization in a virtual environment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850008.

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Bivins, Gerrick O'Ron. A texture-based frameowrk for improving CFD data visualization in a virtual environment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850035.

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Walthert, Lorenz, Douglas R. Cobos, and Patrick Schleppi. Technical report. Equations for improving the accuracy of Decagon MPS-2 matric potential readings in dry soils. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55419/wsl:33724.

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Soil matric potential quantifies water availability in soils. Low soil matric potentials are difficult to measure with most in situ techniques. This is also the case for the widely-used dielectric MPS-2 sensor. This probe determines matric potential indirectly from the measured water content in its porous sensor ceramics using dielectric permittivity as a proxy for water content. The accuracy of MPS-2 readings was analyzed in desiccation experiments using 13 soils with different texture and organic carbon content and a WP4C dewpoint potentiometer as reference instrument. Further, it was explored whether observed inaccuracies relate to sensor calibration, confounding dielectric effects, or the water release characteristics of the sensor ceramics. Above -1000 kPa, the MPS-2 readings were accurate in all tested soils with a mean deviation of 3% to the reference values. Below -1000 kPa, MPS-2 readings were increasingly higher than the reference in all tested soils, but the deviation from the reference depended on soil type. Poor factory calibration of the sensors, soil texture dependent differences of water flow at the soil-ceramic interface, and dielectric effects are supposed to be the main reasons for the low and soil-type-specific MPS-2 sensor accuracy in dry soils. Nevertheless, the high consistency of the MPS-2 readings allowed us to derive soil-type-specific equations to improve the accuracy of measurements to values as low as -4000 kPa. We recommend applying the equations to any MPS-2 readings below ~ -1000 kPa to obtain more reliable data and thus an improved insight into the role of soil water in ecosystems.
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Pottinger-Glass, Chloe, Uttam Ghimire, Sabin Dotel, et al. Exploring the potential of urban nature-based solutions to address infectious disease: a case study in Bharatpur, Nepal. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51414/sei2025.011.

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Given knowledge gaps on nature-based solutions (NBS), infectious disease and urbanization, researchers sought to investigate the drivers of infectious disease in a developing city context, the differentiated hazards faced by different groups such as Indigenous and peri-urban communities, and the potential of NBS to reduce hazards while providing ecological and social co-benefits. Key messages In Bharatpur, Nepal, the project survey found one in five households had been affected in the past five years by the mosquito-borne disease dengue fever (18.4%). Skin infections were the second most reported infectious disease, affecting 11.5% of households. Proximity to garbage disposal sites was found to be associated with incidence of both dengue and skin infections, and lack of adequate sanitation and clean water is a hypothesized driver for skin infections. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have potential to reduce hazard from infectious disease through filtering water, mitigating flooding and reducing urban temperatures. Local actors participating in project workshops were particularly interested in applying green streets and rainwater harvesting in Bharatpur. Strengthening solid waste management is recommended as a priority action to reduce hazard from dengue, by increasing collection frequency and ensuring city-wide provision of municipal collection services. Improving piped water supply to peri-urban areas is recommended as a priority action to improve hygiene, reduce skin infections and address critical health inequities among vulnerable populations. The study emphasizes that to improve public health outcomes from infectious disease, NBS cannot substitute for basic urban infrastructure and services.
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Salerno, Ivanna Laura, and Claudio Dachevsky. Evaluation of 80 mg/ml calcium hydroxyapatite in the treatment of nasolabial folds. Analysis of durability, safety, and efficacy at 12 months. Edited by María Fernanda Cristoforetti. Lugones Editorial, 2025. https://doi.org/10.47196/0596.

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Introduction: skin aging involves collagen fragmentation, which affects the extracellular matrix and accelerates deterioration. Photoaging, caused by ultraviolet radiation, motivates patients to seek corrective treatments. Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) is a biocompatible filler that stimulates collagen production and provides safe and long-lasting results with a low complication rate. Correction of the nasolabial fold (NLF) is key to facial aesthetics, and CaHA has been shown to be effective in improving appearance and rejuvenating the face. Objectives: demonstrate the efficacy and safety of Cientific Permanent Facial Implant II® (CaHA 80 mg/ml) for the correction of mild to moderate NLF. Materials and methods: a multicenter, prospective, open-label, longitudinal clinical study included 122 patients of both sexes (35–65 years old) with mild to moderate nasolabial folds (NLF). A maximum of 1 ml of CaHA filler was applied per fold, with the possibility of reapplication after 9 months in selected cases clinical parameters of efficacy, safety, and duration of effect were assessed using validated scales at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The Lemperle scale was used for the initial patient assessment, and improvements were also assessed using this scale and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and photographs of each follow-up. Results: the study confirmed the safety and efficacy of Cientific Permanent Facial Implant II® (CaHA 80 mg/ml) for the correction of NLF, with mild adverse events such as pain, erythema, edema and ecchymosis, all transient and resolved spontaneously. At 12 months, the majority of patients maintained satisfactory results, with a high rate of improvement according to the GAIS scale. Only two patients were evaluated outside the protocol for asymmetries, and only one required correction. All participants attended the established follow-up visits, demonstrating adherence to the study and stability of the treatment. Conclusions: Cientific Permanent Facial Implant II® (CaHA 80 mg/ml) was shown to be an effective and safe treatment for the correction of mild to moderate NLF. Reapplication after 9 months optimizes the duration of the effect in certain patients.
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