Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Improvisation (Musique)'
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Feisst, Sabine. "Der Begriff Improvisation in der neuen Musik /." Sinzig : Stduio, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39996111d.
Full textWeidner, Raymond Frank. "The improvisational techniques of Charles Tournemire as extracted from his five reconstructed organ improvisations /." Ann Arbor : Mich. : UMI, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37122048d.
Full textCastelain, Flavie. "L'improvisation libre et l'interprétation au cœur de l'acte musical." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30027.
Full textPétard, Antoine. "L' improvisation musicale : enjeux et contraintes sociales." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1016.
Full textEven if it perfect spontaneity is praised, musicale improvisation has often been described as trifle, a worthless form of entertainment. However, some genuine training and preparation, must of the times cleverly hidden can be traced in it. Moreover, the spontaneity of this musical performance is sometimes artificially enhanced. This would tend to prove that improvisation is at the heart of major social interests and that it is anything but fortuitous. Facing an audience, improvising performers put their dignity and social prestige at stake, as there is only a thin border-line separating success from failure. Improvisers are this subject to social control : they must be rightly appreciated as, implicitly arises the Romantic myth of gift. Improvisation acquires it importance as it is perceived as an expression of the musician's inner self. Through the notes and rhythms, they play, performers unveil to everybody's hears what the essence of their individual personality is. The fact that musician's intimacy is stripped bare in the process is minutely studied as it makes it possible both to construct and to claim social status. As a consequent improvisation is considered by many performers as a means of communication and exchange that goes beyond the words
Hediguer, Max Bayer Francis. "Conceptualisation et esthétique de l'improvisation dans le jazz : ses relations avec les systémes musicaux, les dénominations, les nomenclatures et les notations harmoniques ou mélodiques en usage /." [Paris] : [M. Hediguer], 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40024414n.
Full textBao, Cheng. "La Musique dans l'œuvre de Boris Vian." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA034/document.
Full textAs a novelist, jazz critic, trumpet player, singer and artistic director, Boris Vian is a versatile man recognized diversely. Omnipresent in his life, the music has given him a keen sense that is certainly part of his originality as a writer. This research aims to investigate the importance of music in his literary universe, as well as the efforts he has devoted to bringing the two arts closer together. By taking a broad view of music as Vian, we have discovered a world where the writer inscribes the art of Euterpe in many ways : by the spaces, the instruments, the musicians and the pieces interpreted or quoted. The elements borrowed from jazz have a decisive influence on Vian's novel writing. Boris Vian himself recognizes the importance of music in his "jazz-writing", which is always rhythmic and improvisatory, free and inventive. In the work of fiction, music exerts its influence from the stylistic detail to the macroscopic structure. The first part of our study concerns the explicit presentations of music in his fiction while the following part continues the exploration in a more implicit dimension
Florin, Ludovic. "Par-delà les clivages ou l’harmonie des contraires : une approche de la musique d’Enrico Pieranunzi." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040177/document.
Full textThe present thesis essentially raises the question of a possible systematic way of going beyondthe seeming stylistic contradictions in the music of jazz man Enrico Pieranunzi (b. 1949). It lays outsome strategies intended to achieve this through his various activities – within the jazz idiom(influences), in the confrontation between styles (jazz and Western written music), and eventuallygoing beyond the dualism of improvisation versus writing.Following an examination of the pianist's background, the processes at work in his music arediscussed through three different approaches. First, improvising in the theme / solos / theme formbased on unpublished-before transcriptions in order to define a personal style that reveals a filiation /invention dialectic. Then, while studying some of Pieranunzi's original scores, the topics of hiscompositions are delineated in order to highlight the personal synthesis of jazz and Western writtenmusic he achieves. Finally, his concepts of free improvisation are dealt with, questioning the notion ofform and structure in jazz. The very last part is devoted to all the aspects studied in the album EnricoPieranunzi Plays Domenico Scarlatti, which eventually stresses Pieranunzi's specific type ofeclecticism, acknowledging its influences while remaining eminently consistent in terms of style
Büchter-Römer, Ute. "New vocal jazz : Untersuchungen zur zeitgenössischen Improvisierten Musik mit der Stimme anhand ausgewählter Beispiele /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; Paris : P. Lang, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35484382c.
Full textOrengia, Jean-Louis. "La notion d'improvisation dans la musique de piano au XIXe siècle : éléments de recherche pour une musique de l'instant." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040143.
Full textStarting from the statement that the notion of improvisation in piano music in the 19th century is not a subject commonly studied at all although the terms of “improvised nature”, “improvisatory character”, or “free inspiration” may often be found and also starting from the intuition that improvisation is part and parcel of a creative musical life, our task will lie in finding and gathering evidence. First, it will be necessary to try to establish a “status” by attempting to definite it, by presenting the piano situation of the century, by looking for forms where it plays a part, by supporting our analysis on Czerny's Treatise op. 200, and by studying its relationships with composition. Then by studying it in a certain number of creative geniuses : Beethoven, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt, Albeniz, where we shall try to establish its reality, presence and power thanks to testimonies, musicological written works, and by the analysis of some scores. The study of the “virtuosos of the fingers”, whose fashion soon decreased after 1850, will confirm that only creative improvisation actually comes to life-though and ephemeral one, which is what makes it paradoxical and mysterious
Vladova, Tania. "De Pouchkine à Pirandello : vers une poétique de l'improvisation." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0139.
Full textImprovisation in art : that's the general topic of this invesitgation. What are we doing when we improvise? What do we improvise - a work of art? -our thoughts?- our gestures? - a specific utterance? Can it be considered a creative act? of wich interest can a theory of improvisational activity be? These are relevant questions in any kind of creative activity. Improvisation offers a unique possibility : by looking at someone improvising, we have the chance to see the process of artistic creation itself. Tjis creation takes place at the most banal and fascinating site : the human body. Improvisation transforms the artist's body into a part of the artistic activity and it should thus be conceived as a part of the creation of a work of art. But, can the product of improvisational activity be called a work of art? From Poushkin to Pirandello, from Bach to the beginnings of Jazz, this thesis proposes a theory of spontaneous artistic creation. It considers it as a mode of thinking, analysing the way in which the question is discussed in both theory and fiction
Rabasso, Rodriguez Carlos. "Jazz et improvisation : techniques de création et swing dans l'écriture (Littérature de langue espagnole)." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081032.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to establish the bases, strategies, and mechanisms which permit the reader to identify a jazzistic-literary language, followed by a historical approach of jazzistic writing and ending with the philosophy of this jazzistic language in the literary fiction. I study different aspects in this research : the swing and the rhythm in the literary text, the harmonic construction of the syncopated writing and the performer-reader in the jazzistic reception. The body of this thesis consists of federico garcia lorca's works and their relationship with jazz , flamenco and afro-cubanism; julio cortazar's works and their relationship with tango, the "take" in the literary text, the three jazzistic dimensions (rhythm, melody and harmony) in rayuela, as well as a project of hypertextual writing and reading ; and finally antonio munoz molina's novel (the winter in lisbon). In conclusion i establish a relationship and interconnection between the jazzistic-literary text and the active performer-reader who is the re-creator of the fiction. The original point of this jazzistic-literary discourse resides in the rupture with the binarism, the classifications, the absolutes and the "back and forth" syncopation in which the meaning and the sense manifsts itself through the games and the exchanges between the text and the reader
Hediguer, Max. "Conceptualisation et esthétique de l'improvisation dans le jazz : ses relations avec les systèmes musicaux, les dénominations, les nomenclatures et les notations harmoniques et mélodiques en usage." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081254.
Full textImprovisation is a cardinal virtue in jazz. One cannot imagine a soloist devoid of such a talent. A solo (or a personal interjection in an orchestra) exists only while the musician develops it; on the same material he will later produce another, different solo. The creative mechanisms employed during improvisation, if they are the fruit of an acquired knowledge, are above all the expression of an individuality exercised within the framework established by the codes and conventions that constitute the proper language of jazz. This thesis will highlight, then, the expressivity of the components usually found in the jazzman's cultural baggage. Musical systems establish an organic infrastructure within which an improvisation must inevitably take place. To begin with, sound itself is described by the observation of the harmonic series. This allows one to consider the interval from various points of view: objective, perceptive, expressive. Musical systems organize intervals into scales, thereby giving them specific roles and meanings. Surveying and labelling them are exceedingly important in a musician's training, for he is then able to make use of a symbolic web in which he recognizes each element as the bearer of intrinsic qualities. The harmonic notations specific to jazz allow the jazzman to communicate with his colleagues and to optimize his aural training. In this thesis each individual chord is characterized on an expressive level before being presented as part of the system of cadences. Original principles (substitutions and standard licks) make up the foundation of the harmonic and melodic language used by the jazzman. Improvisations are most often the outgrowth of a pre-determined harmonic framework, adapted by the imagination of the soloist. Certain mechanisms encourage the interpretation of horizontal elements (scales) and vertical ones (chords), and they require a deep knowledge of their respective figured notation. This constitutes the synthesis, for the jazzman as well as for the argument of this thesis, between musical systems and notations specific to jazz. The thesis closes with an illustration of its argument with a few analyses of themes and improvisation excerpts
Buchmann, Markus. "Personalstil in der Jazzimprovisation : Studien zu Oscar Peterson /." Kassel : G. Bosse, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37046727k.
Full textLakhoua, Myriem. "De l'écrit à l'oral : démarche pour la redécouverte des savoirs de la pratique modale improvisée du mālūf tunisien à travers l'analyse formulaire de trois corpus d'istihbār." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH107.
Full textThis thesis examines the nature of the gap between the theory and practice of Tunisian mālūf following its transcription in Rašīdiyya at the beginning of the 20th century. It describes the context in which this improvised oral music was transformed into a written music, primed, almost frozen. We rediscover through interviews with musicians belonging to a generation hinged between oral and written and mastering the art of modal improvisation, knowledge related to this practice. This thesis proposes an approach for the implementation of an appropriate method of analysis for istiḫbār (an improvised modal form), inspired by the analytical approach of an informed listener. In a second step, the proposed formula analysis method is applied to a set of teaching istiḫbār of Muḥammad Sʿāda. It leads to a description formula of Tunisian modes and the study of their relationship. Finally, this manuscript deals with an experimental approach, the study of modulation processes and updates improvisation techniques indissociable to the modal practice of mālūf.The experimental protocol elaborated and submitted to the Master Nāṣir Zġunda made it possible to constitute a corpus of istiḫbār allowing the achievement of this objective
Militaru, Alexandra-Corina. "Les allures improvisées dans les oeuvres pour piano et de musique de chambre de Georges Enesco." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20036.
Full textThe starting point lies in the act of listening and the impression of improvisation left by Enesco's musical works on us, subjective listeners. We shall place the musical experience - and not just the mere musical text - at the core of our analysis. By what means and through what terminology can the impression of improvisation be accounted for in a written and theoretically composed musical work ? The seemingly improvised airs provide an answer to this question and will be considered as aesthetic fiction, in the sense that they exist only for the listener. Two categories emerge from the creation of a typical perception of the seemingly improvised airs, linked to specific writing techniques : written improvisation - as a potentially noted improvisation, and improvisatory writing - as a false improvisation. Written improvisation is defined as the potential avatar of improvisation, a change, a modification which implies writing. Improvisatory writing is defined as false improvisation ; consequently, it is nothing but an imitation, by means of composition, of improvisation
Di, Giacomo Andrea. "Hors de l’avant garde : son, musique et composition chez Giacinto Scelsi dans la production de sa maturité." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/168728265#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textGiacinto Scelsi’s composing production is marked by a break that occurs in 1952, following a serious psychological crisis. The compositions that follow this date are characterized by the search for a new conception of sound and of composition that redefines an aesthetic considerably contrasting to the “dictat” of the serial and post-serial orientations of this period. This thesis analyses the specific context inside which Scelsi begins his activity as a composer, his influences, not only musical but also philosophical and religious, that define the fundamental traits of his approach to composition. Indeed, since Quattro pezzi su una sola nota in 1959, Scelsi subsequently develops a sound concentration based on the idea of a singular sound, characterized by a “profondeur” (depth) and by a much dilated time dimension. Though musicological literature and musical critique, especially within the mass press, have considered these anomalies in the scelsian praxis as fully independent from the historical context and by consequence have drawn the Scelsi persona as an “isolated monad”, it is henceforth necessary to address the study of the composer’s production in relation to the postwar avant-garde. This “demystification” of Scelsi’s personality brings about a real comprehension of his links, his exchanges and his direct and indirect contacts with the avant-garde, by underlining a double perspective that puts him outside the historical organization of the latter and inside an aesthetical revival, the consequences of which are still in full development
Schwan, Alexander. "Improvisation und Komposition im Musikunterricht allgemeinbildender Schulen der Sekundarstufe I : ein Beitrag zur pädagogischen Elementarisierung ausgewählter Ansätze in der Neuen Musik nach 1945 /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; Paris : P. Lang, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35417929v.
Full textLavergne, Grégoire. "« Toucher les sons » : la manipulation expérimentale des sons électroniques, de l'apprentissage à la transmission dans les pratiques improvisées contemporaines - enquête de terrain à montréal auprès de musiciens improvisateurs (2013-2016)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0080.
Full textIn the field of music, our contemporary age is characterised by a scattered scene, an increasing number of musical genres and ubiquitous audio-digital techniques used in the process of production as well as in the broadcasting of recordings, themselves infinitely reproducible by an ever-growing number of computer-users. In the midst of this constellation we have chosen to highlight the art of free improvisation using electronic stringed-instruments. How do artists manage to find their way in such a fluctuating and problematical environment, and then convey their musical know-how? Rather than compiling data limited in time, we will attempt to understand what is being happening among contemporary improvisation in a specific context.The theoretical framework, inherited from jazz, points to a connection in the 20th century between recording and improvisation and operates on three levels: mechanical, analogue and digital. With the aid of two historical examples we try to understand how an improviser learns to play the keyboard while being at the same time confronted with a technical device of sound production and reproduction. The methodology / approach then presents a field investigation carried out in Montreal in 2013-2014 during a workshop involving six musicians. The monographs highlight the origins and sound memory of each artist which make up his musical individuality and allow him to perform when required. The improvised sessions under investigation do not represent a genre or identifiable musical tradition, as they derive indiscriminately from experimental music, electro-acoustics, free improvisation, free jazz and rock. However they cannot be dissociated from the context in which they emerged, i.e. the modern music scene in Quebec and the wider Montreal environment.Thanks to the concept of "audio-tactility", these practices are analysed focussing on how the artists use electronic circuits, i.e. what is the connexion between the material aspect of the devices and the sounds produced by listening and haptics. Does the improvisation stem from a mental construct, a building plan or engineered map and do the electronics have a bearing on the elaboration of the improvised discourse? Is there an underlying structure in the elaboration of an improvised discourse using electronic devices in combination with a live musical process? By feeding preexisting pieces through a sampler, improvisation can be thought of as a hypertext process. In this way we can observe whether digital techniques are an extension of mechanical and analogue recording techniques or whether indeed they break with them
Ferté, Thiago André. "La représentation de l'harmonie à travers la mélodie pour une improvisation jazz au saxophone sans accompagnement." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/39093.
Full textCarvalho, Frederico Lyra De. "Improvisation, jazz et dialectique negative." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUH030.
Full textThis thesis proposes a philosophical interpretation of musical improvisation, particularly jazz improvisation, through the Negative Dialectic as it was conceived by Theodor W. Adorno. The main hypothesis developed in this work is that it is possible to think philosophically about improvisation through a philosopher who touched on the subject but did not develop it. We want to show that one way to continue to think from Adorno is to engage with his demand for openness to objects outside the corpus he treated himself. Our engagement with the Negative Dialectic is notably through its capacity to push objects to extremes, pointing at the same time towards their disintegration and towards their utopian character. As we will try to show throughout this work, the idea of looking at improvisation stems from an awareness of the social time that emerged at the end of the Second World War and the brief intuitions that Adorno had at the time concerning the re-emergence of this practice.The thesis consists of three parts in addition to a foreword. The first part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter consists of an exposition of our interpretation of the Negative Dialectic, insisting on its double opening: both to objects and to incompleteness. The next chapter proposes a description of some aspects of improvisation based on an exploration of Adornian notions such as the informal, the logic of disintegration, the model and the constellation. The second part is subdivided into three chapters in which we discuss the problematic of improvisation with regard to three key notions in Adorno's thought: time, form and freedom. For each chapter, the objective will be to discuss both the contributions and limitations of Adorno's thought concerning each of the notions for thinking about improvisation. Finally, for the last part of the thesis, we propose a reading of the history of jazz in the form of an Adorno inspired philosophy of history. We will try to show that improvisation can be considered as the motor that gives impetus to a process of immanent development of jazz that starts with a modernist and radical moment in 1945 with Charlie Parker, and stops at multiple dead ends around 1975. The Adornian philosophical approach helps us to show that this process was not simply a successive change of musical figures but was constituted as a constellation of these figures. Throughout this work, in addition to the Adornian corpus, we discuss the specific philosophical and musicological corpus of jazz and improvisation, as well as the writings of musicians, notably Steve Coleman and Steve Lacy
Saint-Paul, Jean-Michel. "L'électro-jazz européen : (influences, diversités, et cristallisation d'un style)." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/159662982#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis work tries to characterize the electro-jazz as a musical style, which has emerged in the middle of the nineties. We analyze a wide range of musical influences coming from Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock’s funk, Pat Metheny or Terje Rypdal. Linked to the artistic and commercial orientation of the ECM label, the electro-jazz presents aerial atmospheres, often suggested by the graphics on the cover discs. In Europe and Scandinavian countries, ECM has contributed to a particular and innovative repertoire for the electro-jazz on an aesthetical aspect. The label has mixed acoustic and electrical musical elements, by integrating melodico-rhythmical motives from contemporary electronic popular musics. Electro-jazz style has been perceived as a new refreshing music for jazz, but nowadays much less. In the hypothesis of an aesthetical renewal, or a mutation, we will focus on George Lewis and Steve Coleman works, who since the beginning of the eighties have proposed an alternative way for relationships between improvisers, the instrumental material and the electronic. Those jazzmen have shown an interest towards the encounter with an interactive computer system. The diffusion of this jazz is still confidential, and this music is heard by a little community. It does not follow a commercial prospect. The mix between jazz language and an interactive system seems to be an interesting new way for the future electronic jazz
Nika, Jérôme. "Guiding Human-Computer Music Improvisation : introducing Authoring and Control with Temporal Scenarios." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066141.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the introduction of authoring and controls in human-computer music improvisation through the use of temporal scenarios to guide or compose interactive performances, and addresses the dialectic between planning and reactivity in interactive music systems dedicated to improvisation. An interactive system dedicated to music improvisation generates music on the fly, in relation to the musical context of a live performance. We focus here on pulsed and idiomatic music relying on a formalized and temporally structured object, for example a harmonic progression in jazz improvisation. The same way, the models and architecture we developed rely on a formal temporal structure. This thesis thus presents: a music generation model guided by a ''scenario'' introducing anticipatory behaviors; an architecture combining this anticipation with reactivity using mixed static/dynamic scheduling techniques; an audio rendering module to perform live re-injection of captured material in synchrony with a non-metronomic beat; and a framework to compose improvised interactive performances at the ''scenario'' level. This work fully integrated frequent interactions with expert musicians to the iterative design of the models and architectures. These latter are implemented in the interactive music system ImproteK that was used at various occasions during live performances with improvisers. During these collaborations, work sessions were associated to listening sessions and interviews to gather numerous judgments expressed by the musicians in order to validate and refine the scientific and technological choices
Girard, Johan. "Régimes de répétabilité et musique répétitive : approche communicationnelle en esthétique philosophique." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030098.
Full textRepetition in music can be found in several modes described according to a plurality of meanings. Works of music repeat themselves in different ways, and the structural repetitions upon which they rely do not always enjoy the same status. Records as well as tape music reproduce objects coming from a common matrix ; the interpretations of a work as well as variations on a theme are executed on the basis of a particular structure. We can thus consider that the various ways of making music all display of different modes of repeatability. We thereby begin to grasp the aesthetic effectiveness of the same modes. By transferring the procedures developed from working with tape music into the very production of instrumental music, several repetitive composers from the United States (Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass) have established the fruitfulness of the distinction between the mechanical and the living, between autographic and allographic types of symbols. “Technomorphical” processes are thereby mobilized through which mechanical repetition becomes the model for playing an instrument, thus allowing us to rethink the very notion of repetition in music, now reconstructed as a communicational process in which the listener has a role to play
Nika, Jérôme. "Guiding Human-Computer Music Improvisation : introducing Authoring and Control with Temporal Scenarios." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066141/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the introduction of authoring and controls in human-computer music improvisation through the use of temporal scenarios to guide or compose interactive performances, and addresses the dialectic between planning and reactivity in interactive music systems dedicated to improvisation. An interactive system dedicated to music improvisation generates music on the fly, in relation to the musical context of a live performance. We focus here on pulsed and idiomatic music relying on a formalized and temporally structured object, for example a harmonic progression in jazz improvisation. The same way, the models and architecture we developed rely on a formal temporal structure. This thesis thus presents: a music generation model guided by a ''scenario'' introducing anticipatory behaviors; an architecture combining this anticipation with reactivity using mixed static/dynamic scheduling techniques; an audio rendering module to perform live re-injection of captured material in synchrony with a non-metronomic beat; and a framework to compose improvised interactive performances at the ''scenario'' level. This work fully integrated frequent interactions with expert musicians to the iterative design of the models and architectures. These latter are implemented in the interactive music system ImproteK that was used at various occasions during live performances with improvisers. During these collaborations, work sessions were associated to listening sessions and interviews to gather numerous judgments expressed by the musicians in order to validate and refine the scientific and technological choices
Saladin, Matthieu. "Esthétique de l'improvisation libre : étude d'une pratique au sein des musiques expérimentales au tournant des années 1960-1970 en Europe." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010589.
Full textDesprés, Jean-Philippe. "Processus d'apprentissage et de création des improvisateurs experts en musique classique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27566.
Full textContrary to the widespread belief that the ability to improvise in music is innate, research has shown that it can be enhanced through deliberate training (Brophy, 2001; Kenny & Gellrich 2002; Kratus, 1991, 1995). Furthermore, the learning and practice of improvisation positively influences the acquisition and development of several other musical and non-musical skills (Azzara, 1993; Campbell, 2009; Dos Santos & Del Ben, 2004; Kenny & Gellrich 2002; Koutsoupidou & Hargreaves, 2009; McPherson, 1993; Wilson, 1970). However, the actual state of knowledge is not sufficient to empower the pedagogue wishing to integrate improvisation throughout the learning process of the classical musician at the college or the university level (Després, 2011; Després & Dubé, 2015; Dubé & Després, 2012). This doctoral thesis contributes to the literature by focusing on three dimensions of expertise in classical music improvisation: Skill acquisition, production of improvisation, and transmission of declarative knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In order to document the learning pathways, performance strategies and teaching and learning approaches of expert instrumentalists and pedagogues in Western classical music improvisation, a methodological design in three phases was developed. The research question during the first phase was: What characterizes the learning pathways of Western classical music expert improvisers? To answer this question, interviews were conducted with N = 8 international expert improvisers in Western classical music about their improvisation learning pathways. The second phase aimed to answer the following research question: What strategies are implemented by Western classical music expert improvisers in the course of their performance? An innovative method, based on the retrospective verbal protocol with subjective aided recall data collection strategy was developed to answer this question. N = 5 expert improvisers in Western classical music from the national scene participated in this phase. The third phase of the research was based on the research question: What elements related to the experience, representations, learning pathways, or pedagogical practices of the experts of the domain could help to improve teaching and learning of Western classical music improvisation? In total, N = 15 participants were interviewed during this phase. Among the 15 participants, four were identified as experts in Western classical music improvisation, two as expert pedagogues in Western classical music improvisation and nine as belonging to both categories. The three phases of this doctoral thesis contributed to enriching knowledge about teaching and learning and the production of musical improvisation in the Western classical music context, thus laying the empirical foundations of an effective improvisation teaching practice.
Ikor, Tristan. "Significations de l'improvisation, le rapport à soi dans le jeu musical." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20116/document.
Full textWhy does someone want to improvise (by) music, and even show himself improvising ? Meanings of improvisation appear by resounding to wild life, and need destruction to be sensed. Here, the overall identity is shattered, sublimed in a love for sound without music. Improviser feels the urge, when time is ready to disappear in a new and ancestral immediacy. In this way, improvisation's show is like a confluence of sacred celebration and naive art. At the encounter of the one yet denied, the improviser's self-appreciation finds its own worldhood and its sovereign originality
Dias, Fernandes João Eduardo. "L’improvisation musicale électroacoustique : enjeux et problématiques du développement des technologies numériques." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080026.
Full textThis research/creation thesis is centred on the exploration of musicians’ needs for the practice of electroacoustic music improvisation. This investigation was conducted through participant observation with different musical ensembles. It also presents the strategies adopted for the development of digital tools in the case of a created musical instrument. How does the practice of free improvisation in electroacoustic music work and what knowledge is needed to achieve free improvisation? To answer these questions, several paths were taken: for example considering the context of the performance and by challenging the musical and extramusical aspects surrounding the improvised action. Furthermore, this research deployed a study of the characteristics of a digital instrument that endeavours to possess the same flexibility as acoustic instruments. The “creation” component of this thesis is through the development of a digital instrument (RJ). This instrument is implemented with a sound samples recommendation system. It was used in situation of improvisation with several ensembles, which form part of the corpus of data of this thesis. Lastly, this thesis seeks to characterize musical improvisation through the multiple interactions that occur during an improvised performance. The research therefore provides a practical and theoretical framework for the use and exploration of contemporary digital tools for musicians, which practice collective free improvisation
Maniatakos, Vasileios Foivos A. "Graphes et Automates pour le Contrôle de l'Interaction en Improvisation Musicale Assistée par Ordinateur." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066249.
Full textThis thesis studies three party interaction in the music improvisation context. We use this term to refer to the ensemble of interactions arising from the onstage coexistence of three constituents participants: the human instrument player, the computer and the computer operator/performer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the requirements arising out of such interaction as well as establish the framework that will allow the computer fulfil the double mission of operating both as player and an instrument. In this framework we first present Multi Factor Graph (MFG), a new memory model for musical sequences. MFG is a deterministic automaton that indexes played sequences, with the intention of dealing with pattern recognition and sequence generation. Inspired by the Factor Oracle (FO) automaton, MFG deals with two FO-related issues. First, it corrects FO’s false positives during string recognition. Second, as far as the computer improvisation domain is concerned, it corrects the errors in the estimation of continuation probabilities arising from the misinterpretation of the FO’s Suffix Link Tree (SLT) as an indicator for maximal suffix repeats. Secondly, we study with the help of graphs by examining the complexity of adding simple to more sophisticated and complex constraints to generation. We propose reduced, graph-based computational frameworks that are able to efficiently deal with each of the problems discussed earlier. Finally, by drawing together all elements developed throughout the first two parts, we employ MFG as a universal framework for managing problems of machine musicianship, namely music listening, constrained sequence generation and interaction
Vallet, Cécile. "L'improvisation dans les pratiques physiques et artistiques : contribution à la compréhension des processus attentionnels et mnésiques en jeu dans la génération d' actions." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28883.
Full textRioux, François. "Les nouvelles balises mélodiques et rythmiques dans le cadre du jazz actuel : la guitare contrapuntique jazz à deux voix et la modulation rythmique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67946.
Full textJutten, Odile. "L'enseignement de l'improvisation à la classe d'orgue du Conservatoire de Paris, 1819-1986, d'après la thématique de concours et d'examens." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040007.
Full textThe author explores the evolution of improvisation teaching at the organ class of the Paris Conservatoire between 1819 and 1986 - under teachers such as François Benoist, Cesar Franck, Charles-Marie Widor, Alexandre Guilmant, Eugène Gigout, Marcel Dupré and Rolande Falcinelli - through a computerized cross analysis of themes set at the three levels of examination, and a selection of themes given during classes. Teachers' notes and various official sources - examination reports and school regulations - complement this thematic material. After a brief survey of the institutional context, a careful study of the successive instruments available at the class and of the three topics taught - plain and gregorian chant, fugue, free improvisation - sets light on the various phases of the evolution. Having been dedicated solely to improvisation, the organ class as from 1852 also included interpretation until 1971, when the reforms of that year split the class into two independent sections, one for improvisation, and one for interpretation. Until 1971, the educational orientation had put greater emphasis on technical skills through study study of classical forms. As of this date, the newly independent improvisation class took on a more creative outlook. Renouncing strict forms and languages, and opting instead for an approach of the different types of repertoire where the students were able to select their own formal outline. In conclusion, a survey involving former pupils of the organ class at the conservatoire forms the basis for a discussion on the current situation of organ improvisation in France
Debove, Julien. "Approche de la musique modale et transmission orale de la musique hindoustanie au sein de la dynastie des Rajam." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0180.
Full textJutten, Odile. "L'enseignement de l'improvisation à la classe d'orgue du Conservatoire de Paris : 1819-1986 : d'après la thématique de concours et d'examens /." Lille : A.N.R.T, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39057677k.
Full textCarsault, Tristan. "Introduction of musical knowledge and qualitative analysis in chord extraction and prediction tasks with machine learning. : application to human-machine co-improvisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS247.
Full textThis thesis investigates the impact of introducing musical properties in machine learning models for the extraction and inference of musical features. Furthermore, it discusses the use of musical knowledge to perform qualitative evaluations of the results. In this work, we focus on musical chords since these mid-level features are frequently used to describe harmonic progressions in Western music. Hence, amongs the variety of tasks encountered in the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR), the two main tasks that we address are the Automatic Chord Extraction (ACE) and the inference of symbolic chord sequences. In the case of musical chords, there exists inherent strong hierarchical and functional relationships. Indeed, even if two chords do not belong to the same class, they can share the same harmonic function within a chord progression. Hence, we developed a specifically-tailored analyzer that focuses on the functional relations between chords to distinguish strong and weak errors. We define weak errors as a misclassification that still preserves the relevance in terms of harmonic function. This reflects the fact that, in contrast to strict transcription tasks, the extraction of high-level musical features is a rather subjective task. Moreover, many creative applications would benefit from a higher level of harmonic understanding rather than an increased accuracy of label classification. For instance, one of our application case is the development of a software that interacts with a musician in real-time by inferring expected chord progressions. In order to achieve this goal, we divided the project into two main tasks : a listening module and a symbolic generation module. The listening module extracts the musical structure played by the musician, where as the generative module predicts musical sequences based on the extracted features. In the first part of this thesis, we target the development of an ACE system that could emulate the process of musical structure discovery, as performed by musicians in improvisation contexts. Most ACE systems are built on the idea of extracting features from raw audio signals and, then, using these features to construct a chord classifier. This entail two major families of approaches, as either rule-based or statistical models. In this work, we identify drawbacks in the use of statistical models for ACE tasks. Then, we propose to introduce prior musical knowledge in order to account for the inherent relationships between chords directly inside the loss function of learning methods. In the second part of this thesis, we focus on learning higher-level relationships inside sequences of extracted chords in order to develop models with the ability to generate potential continuations of chord sequences. In order to introduce musical knowledge in these models, we propose both new architectures, multi-label training methods and novel data representations
Shon, Eun-Kyung. "Le Sinawi, évolution et artistisation : études analytiques des caractéristiques musicales." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040087.
Full textThe tradition emerges from a balance between the continuity and the evolution, the change of the old. This is the case of sinawi, one of the Korean traditional instrumental music. This complex, improvised and heterophonic music played by an instrumental ensemble was used in shamanic rituals as accompaniment of song and dance of shamans. Over time, it became an artistic instrumental music representing the popular tradition of the country. Throughout this thesis, the author proposes the analytical studies of various sinawi’s musical characteristics (e.g., musical phrases, form) from her own transcriptions. This study characterizes how the sinawi speaks, expresses the life of the people and how it has been changing over time. The author also presents sinawi’s evolution and its artistisation process to the present day where it is performed on stage as a pure instrumental music. The sinawi, which is at the origin of the Korean popular music, the best known as sanjo or p'ansori, is now influenced back by these genres. Also, the analysis reveals that the improvisation and the heterophony that rated this complex music are replaced by the structure and the simplicity
Cont, Arshia. "Modélisation de l'anticipation musicale : du temps de la musique vers la musique du temps." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417565.
Full textDans le traitement de la première question, nous introduisons un cadre mathématique nommé géométrie d'informations musicales combinant la théorie de l'information, la géométrie différentielle, et l'apprentissage statistique pour représenter les contenus pertinents de l'informations musicales. La deuxième question est abordée comme un problème d'apprentissage automatique des stratégies décisionnelles dans un environnement, en employant les méthodes d'apprentissage interactif. Nous proposons pour la troisième question, une nouvelle conception du problème de synchronisation temps réel entre une partition symbolique et un musicien. Ceci nous ramène à Antescofo, un outils préliminaire d'écriture du temps et de l'interaction dans l'informatique musicale. Malgré la variété des sujets abordés dans cette thèse, la conception anticipative est la facture commune entre toutes les propositions avec les prémices de réduire la complexité structurelle et computationnelle de modélisation, et d'aider à aborder des problèmes complexes dans l'informatique musicale.
Sitchet, Pierre-Eugène. "Transmission de deux valeurs esthétiques dans le Gwoka, genre musical guadeloupéen : le « santiman » et la « lokans »." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040083.
Full textBeginning in Guadeloupe in the 17th century with the transatlantic slave trade, Gwoka developed as music of resistance to the violence of forced acculturation and a means of preserving cultural heritage. Granting a large importance to voice, this musical practice – which relies on the triptych drum-song-dance and whose base is the Creole language – has been transmitted from generation to generation. Some families have been able to preserve this musical genre. Amongst them, the Geoffroys – originating from the “Grands Fonds” region and specialized in wake songs and bouladjèl. This doctoral research aims to study the methods of transmitting santiman and lokans, two aesthetical values characterizing this oral tradition. We examine these expressive qualities by means of ethnographical observations and also voice recordings obtained in situ – these being the object of comparative analysis making use in particular of sonograms. We chose as a case study the Geoffroy family, in other words a transmission process in an endocultural context. Our research also explores the question of filiation between Gwoka and African traditional music, as well as the identity issues at stake that underlie this oral tradition – which, for the Gwoka community, represents a support for claiming its Africanity and/or its “Guadeloupeanity”. Our interest in this sound aesthetics questions the fact that it is a practice of belonging associated to a collective memory
Boivin, Pier-Luc. "Intégration de l'improvisation dans trois de mes oeuvres." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27569.
Full textThe focus of this master’s thesis is the integration of improvisation in three of my recent pieces: Nyctophilia – minimum 11’00’’ – for string quartet and soloist improviser ; Æther – 10’’ – for a trio of undetermined instruments ; Presqu’étoile – for full orchestra. As an introduction, I present my artistic concerns, the origin of my work, and the seeming duality that places improvisation in opposition to composition. Then I draw, according to my personal influences, a brief portrait of improvisation in jazz and in art music, primarily in the second half of the 20th century. Finally, I analyze three of my pieces to show the means utilized to integrate improvisation into composition. Each piece exhibits a specific way to manage the inclusion of improvisation, these methods being the result of my reflections and research. Nyctophilia – axis as a means of information management ; Æther – conversationnality and free improvisation ; Presqu’étoile – comprovisation in relation to Æther.
Tiezzi, Grazia. "L'improvisation en Ottava rima en Toscane : une pratique langagière solennelle." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0072.
Full textThe ottava rima improvisation is a folk tradition which has survived in the regions of central Italy. In my studies about this tradition and its poetics, I research the type of social relationships emerging between the participants through the highly conventional interactions they build during their performances. The 'procedural aspects of poetic competition and the stylistic patterns displayed in the actual performance are also analysed. This practice of poetic folk art, is re-examined in the limited ethnographic context of the Tuscan Maremma area. I try to establish a link between the poetic forms of dialogic improvisation, observable in this region, and the exchanges which occur in spoken language, so as to draw attention to the social nature of this traditional poetic art. I propose to attribute to it the status of "solemn" communication which maintains a jurisprudential model of face-to-face verbal interaction involving two activities: the encounter and the adversarial confrontation with the Other. I describe how the forms of expression, sung-versified-rhymed, seem to govern the procedures of speech transaction and how the pragmatic planning of conflictual interaction follows precise regimes. I also demonstrate how the opponent poets' individual virtuosity must negotiate according to a complex framework -both expressive and praxeologic-and its mediating role; its built-in properties reveal a specifically ethical model inherent to dialogue. Finally, I suggest a possible relationship between this oral tradition and the socio-economic activity of transhumance practiced by the communities of shepherds who moved from the Apennines to the Tuscan Maremma
Madurell, François. "L'ensemble Ars nova : une contribution au pluralisme esthétique dans la musique du XXe siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040250.
Full textMichel, Philippe Valery Laurent. "Le ragtime dans la société et la musique populaire américaine : des origines aux années 1920." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040262.
Full textLandry, Pascal. "Étude du processus de production allographique et autographique du groupe d'improvisation collective libre The Contest of Pleasures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34462.
Full textBarakat, Alexandra. "Improvisation(s) solo au piano : Keith Jarrett (the Köln concert) : mouvement(s) et frontière(s)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3002.
Full textKöln Concert is a useful instrument to compare and articulate contradictory or opposite elements on conceptual sides (composed/improvised, written/oral, savant/popular). Recorded in 1975, this solo performance is the biggest record sale in jazz music. It was published at the very beginning of the post-modernism era in music and belongs to a new aesthetical field, not defined by such notions as « opus » or « work ». This music, totally improvised, can’t be defined as jazz or « free jazz » or « contemporay music », for example, nor « neo-classical music », even if it could sound like some neo-romantic recital. Through a critical analysis of the transcription (published in 1991), we tried to describe the music as an action. Köln Concert has no overall shape, no total structure, just fragmentary forms. It’s an opened work directly connected to an audience. His musical dramaturgy has a rhetorical dimension, as it can be perceived through ancient Greek culture and ars memoria in general. Thanks to his great musical culture, including jazz and classical music, Jarrett is out of categories. American artist. associated with an European record company (ECM) and to his new aesthetical conceptions of the sound, he belongs to a new world of aesthetics. We consider Köln Concert as a kind of musical symptom, not because of the quality of the music (which can always be discussed) but because this type of musical action can be analysed as a concrete utopia, made to explore cognitive processes and develop a new vision of anthropology
Houdart-Joud, Sylvie. "L’invention musicale collective et guidée." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL146.
Full textCollective musical invention is a relatively widespread practice in venues where music is taught. Often considered an essential approach to music since it requires significant involvement of the subject and openness to others, it is nevertheless a complex object of research. In particular, it encompasses several paradoxes that can only be resolved by conceptualizing the ideas of musical invention and of guidance. First, by diving into Michel Henry's phenomenology, the purpose of this thesis is to clarify the concept of “embodied musicality” based on the Henryian concept of “embodied life” and to define the ideas of musicality and musical invention. In a second step, a research method is developed in the wake of the works conducted by F. Varela for his project of a neuro-psycho-phenomenology. This method involves investigating, through "the explicitation method of private thinking” elaborated by the French psychologist P. Vermersch, the mental behaviour of musicians placed in a situation of collective musical invention. The results refer to young musicians who are part of a professional syllabus. A first experiment shows that musicians tend to take refuge in various behaviors due to the loss of reference points regarding the usual musical idioms. A second experiment whose target is the process involved for inventing musical materials, reveals the use of body-memory knowledge which is sophisticated but never named by musicians. These results indicate that guidance cannot be defined in absolute terms, due to the fact that full account must be taken of the mental processes involved. It also requires mastering the interdependent relationship established with these processes
Evans, Rebecca Jane. "Time Out of Mind : the experience of being in time in musical improvisation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100191/document.
Full textThis dissertation investigates live interaction between jazz musicians with a focus on one of the most fundamental elements in improvisational performance, the seemingly simple act of being in time together. What is behind that powerful, engaging quality of music that comes about when musicians collaborate and coordinate so that they feel that are sharing what they themselves call good time? To investigate the musical and psychological underpinnings of good time, links were highlighted between both existing ethnographic work on jazz practices and psychological studies of time and timing. The thesis presents three empirical studies. The first study consists in a largely descriptive analysis of freely improvised jazz duet performances, and it aims to describe the emergence of good time between musicians playing together. The second study is a quantitative analysis of jazz rhythm section performance (drums and double-bass) based on an acoustic microanalysis of pulse in 4 versions of a song. The third study comprises 2 experiments on the perception of inter-musician timing by ‘naïve’ listeners, exploring how musically-untrained subjects experience the sound of being ‘in’ and ‘out of’ time in manipulated musical samples. Together, these studies provide quantitative evidence for temporal negotiation or turn-taking at the pulse level. Additionally they show the fundamental role of narrative development in musical performance evidenced by the spontaneous organisation of musicians’ improvisations into well framed episodes that have internal structure. It is also evidenced by the mutual establishment of an expressive trajectory of local tempo development that reflects or interprets the musical piece. Thus, these findings demonstrate that musicians together control their expressive performances at both an immediate pulse level and at an overarching level of narrative. An important outcome of this research is that ‘successful’ performance (one with good time) involves far greater temporal flexibility than previously established. These observations lead us to define an additional form of timing between musicians which we have called participatory timing and which is based on motivated and embodied interpersonal interaction rather than on expressive timing at the level of the individual
Déguernel, Ken. "Apprentissage de structures musicales en contexte d'improvisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0011.
Full textCurrent musical improvisation systems are able to generate unidimensional musical sequences by recombining their musical contents. However, considering several dimensions (melody, harmony...) and several temporal levels are difficult issues. In this thesis, we propose to combine probabilistic approaches with formal language theory in order to better assess the complexity of a musical discourse, both from a multidimensional and multi-level point of view in the context of improvisation where the amount of data is limited. First, we present a system able to follow the contextual logic of an improvisation modelled by a factor oracle whilst enriching its musical discourse with multidimensional knowledge represented by interpolated probabilistic models. Then, this work is extended to create another system using a belief propagation algorithm representing the interaction between several musicians, or between several dimensions, in order to generate multidimensional improvisations. Finally, we propose a system able to improvise on a temporal scenario with multi-level information modelled with a hierarchical grammar. We also propose a learning method for the automatic analysis of hierarchical temporal structures. Every system is evaluated by professional musicians and improvisers during listening sessions
Zouari, Hend. "Les ornementations dans le ıba’ raıt el dhil : l’exemple du Congrès du Caire de 1932." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040276.
Full textThe originality of Arabic music is due to its melodic and rhythmic richness, inheritedfrom many influences. However, the particulars of its oral mode of transmission, as well asthe intensive and recurrent usage of improvisation, render any classification and any archivingdifficult, as indispensable as they may be for the conservation of this cultural patrimony.Attempts at musical transcription resulted in excessive simplifications, or recorded onlyone single version, up to the point of sacrificing melodic nuances and other technical finessesspecific to this music. It appeared therefore necessary to try another solution that wouldallow safeguarding this music in writing, while preserving its specificities. On the basis of amemorable work in the history of Arabic music, the nūba raıt el dhil as presented by theTunisian delegation at the Cairo congress of 1932, we propose an original and novel systemof codification, writing down on the one hand the melodic framework resulting from areduction process and on the other hand the ornaments, in abridged form, as applied to thisreduced melody. This notation will allow transcribing all the subtleties of traditional orimprovised works, giving back to the performers their freedom of improvising, whileallowing them to refer to a simplified score more faithful to the original work
Bourgeois, André Louis. "Unifying concerns and entente : locating and pursuing the idiomaticity of free improvisation." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0007/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the question of idiomaticity in the musical practice of free improvisation. Our enquiry begins with a discussion on the difficulties of delineating this activity and of defining it in positive terms. The production of improvised performances indeed emerges at the moment of its delivery and is immediately fleeting. This has led many musicians and writers to classify the practice as "non-idiomatic" (and thus resistant to semiotic analysis), a designation popularized by Derek Bailey in his pioneering book Improvisation. Yet despite its apparent elusiveness, the genre has been able to endure for several decades and keeps spreading to new music scenes throughout the world, supported by relatively consistent ideological and aesthetic preoccupations that unify and enable its practitioners and fans. By using a triadic semiotic model in the tradition of C.S. Peirce and by considering the different aspects of free improvisation in the light of his theory of categories, we are able to give a semiotic account of both the emergent/evanescent and the enduring/idiomatic aspects of free improvisation. Free improvisation is not at all, as some would hope, free from all conventions. One of the accomplishments of this thesis is to deconstruct the myth of free improvisation's non-idiomaticity and demonstrate that the practice's particular idiomatic commitments have merely been shifted away from formal idioms (such as generically codified and recognizable approaches to tonality and rhythm) and onto codes of conduct that keep the activity coherent and significant for its participants. Musician testimonies reveal that the practices of free improvisers are indeed motivated by similar underlying concerns and principles. As for agreements on the momentary value of any of the improvised performance's formal aspects, they find mutual (if contingent) recognition through short-lived localized formal conventions that we call "entente". Improvisers, however, typically playfully deconstruct these emergent formal conventions rather expeditiously; they are intent on not letting any formal commitments solidify beyond a desired liminal capacity. In the end, any gauge for the success of an improvised performance must refer either to the underlying unifying principles that make up the core of its idiomaticity or to the momentary exigencies of entente
Amestoy, Jean-Luc. "Brad Mehldau et le lâcher-prise : une approche comportementale de l'improvisation musicale." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20079.
Full textCurrently, the musicology of improvisation essentially highlights the intentional part of an artistic project ; our thesis starts with a quite distinct approach, looking at improvisation as a complex process, with a self-organization dimension inspired of the way biologists analyse collective behaviors in animal societies. These behaviors are todays perceived as the result of combined statistical processes at the individual scale, with numerous inter-individual interactions, amplifications, and non linear loops. Such an analysis of observed natural phenomena led biologists and physicists to introduce and set-up concepts and tools that we use here to propose a modeling approach adapted to Musicology. We start with musical intuitions to propose a description of the perceptions and actions of the improviser that puts forward the deep interaction between what is made of pre-builded knowledge and intention, on one side, and of « tuning random behaviors », on the other. This modeling approach is carried out on two transcriptions of the american pianist Brad Mehldau. With the first piece (Am Zauberberg), we fully describe the iterative process leading from the poorest model to the need of incorporating hand-gestures. With the second piece (Bard), we dress the question of improvising harmony, each voice being conceived as animated of its own displacement rules, but spatially constrained by the others. We conclude by opening up prospects of experiments inspired by these models, some concerning the teaching of improvisation, others aiming at better understanding the process by which a musician seeks to incorporate to his play more « letting go », at the heart of what improvisation is about