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Journal articles on the topic 'Impulse breakdown of gases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Hoshina, Y., M. Hanai, M. Shiiki, E. Kaneko, and M. Sato. "Lightning impulse breakdown characteristics of SF6 alternative gases for gas-insulated switchgear." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 153, no. 1 (2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20050007.

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2

Liu, Ting, Igor Timoshkin, Mark P. Wilson, Martin J. Given, and Scott J. MacGregor. "The Nanosecond Impulsive Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N2 and CO2 in a Sub-mm Gap." Plasma 5, no. 1 (2021): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma5010002.

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The present paper investigates the breakdown characteristics—breakdown voltage, with breakdown occurring on the rising edge of the applied HV impulses, and time to breakdown—for gases of significance that are present in the atmosphere: air, N2 and CO2. These breakdown characteristics have been obtained in a 100 µm gap between an HV needle and plane ground electrode, when stressed with sub-µs impulses of both polarities, with a rise time up to ~50 ns. The scaling relationships between the reduced breakdown field Etip/N and the product of the gas number density and inter-electrode gap, Nd, were

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3

Dekic, Sasa, Predrag Osmokrovic, Milos Vujisic, and Koviljka Stankovic. "Conditions for the applicability of the geometrical similarity law to impulse breakdown in gases." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 17, no. 4 (2010): 1185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2010.5539689.

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4

Belić, Čedomir, Koviljka Stanković, Milić Pejović, and Predrag Osmokrović. "The Influence of the Magnetic Field on DC and the Impulse Breakdown of Noble Gases." Materials 12, no. 5 (2019): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050752.

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Increased electromagnetic contamination of the environment accompanied with the amplified miniaturization of electronic components underline the issue of the reliable operation of electronics. Reliability is of utmost importance in special applications such as medical instruments, nuclear installations, fusion experiments, etc., where larger magnetic fields occur during operation. Therefore, the interest for insulation components that consistently protect instrumentation from overvoltage is growing. This paper deals with the effects important for the stability of a gas surge arrester, the most

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5

Saitoh, Hitoshi, Keiichi Morita, Takashi Kikkawa, Naoki Hayakawa, and Hitoshi Okubo. "Impulse Partial Discharge and Breakdown Characteristics of Rod-Plane Gaps in Air and N2 Gases." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 123, no. 2 (2003): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.123.169.

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6

Saitoh, Hitoshi, Keiichi Morita, Takashi Kikkawa, Naoki Hayakawa, and Hitoshi Okubo. "Impulse partial discharge and breakdown characteristics of rod-plane gaps in air and N2 gases." Electrical Engineering in Japan 148, no. 3 (2004): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.10277.

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7

Geng, Jiuyuan, Jianhua Yang, Ting Shu, Xinbing Cheng, and Rong Chen. "Stability of breakdown phenomenon in N₂, SF_6, and their mixture under impulse voltages." AIP Advances 13, no. 3 (2023): 035033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139484.

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In the self-breakdown experiment, it is demonstrated that the breakdown stability of 15% SF6/N2 was higher than that of pure SF6 and N2 in the non-uniform field under negative impulse voltages. In this paper, the stable breakdown phenomenon of the gas mixture is studied at the nanosecond scale. The corona process and streamer process of these three gases are investigated by using a high-speed framing camera. The stabilized corona and the abnormal streamer phenomena observed in the gas mixture discharge have a relation to the stable breakdown phenomenon. The stabilized corona is supposed to be

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8

Stepanovic, Olivera, Miodrag Radovic, and Cedomir Maluckov. "The glow duration time influence on the ionization rate detected in the diodes filled with noble gases on mbar pressures." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 2, no. 5 (2003): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct0305259s.

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The results of the glow current duration time (glowing-time) influence on the ionization rate detected in the gas filled diodes are presented. The electrical breakdown was detected as the minimal current impulse. After that diode glow from the minimal glowing-time (10-3 s), up to the maximal 103 s which overlap the time of the stationary regime formation in the gas diode tube. The diodes were with volumes of 300 cm3, but with a diode gap volume of about 1 cm3 and filled with helium, neon, argon or krypton, at the pressures of the order of mbar. The ionization rates were detected as the residua

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9

Arikan, Kemal, Emel Önal, and Serhat Şeker. "Time-Frequency Analysis of Partial Discharge Current Pulses in Different Gas Environment under Lightning Impulse." Measurement Science Review 20, no. 4 (2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2020-0024.

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AbstractThis paper deals with a time-frequency analysis of the measured partial discharge (PD) currents in different insulation gases. These gas environments consist of a pure SF6 (sulphur-hexafluoride) and sulphur-hexafluoride and nitrogen (1 % SF6 + 99 % N2) mixture, under both positive and negative lightning impulse (LI) voltage stresses. In this study, the short time Fourier transform was used to extract the time-frequency information of PDs for different gases at different pressures, and these results were compared to each other. Thus, the relationship between the time, amplitude, and fre

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10

Goshima, Hisashi, Hiroyuki Shinkai, and Masafumi Yashima. "Lightning Impulse Breakdown Characteristics in Compressed N2 and CO2 and Feasibility of their Gases' Application to Gas-Insulated Buses." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 125, no. 8 (2005): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.125.782.

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11

Piotrowski, Tomasz, Pawel Rozga, Ryszard Kozak, and Zbigniew Szymanski. "Using the Analysis of the Gases Dissolved in Oil in Diagnosis of Transformer Bushings with Paper-Oil Insulation—A Case Study." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246713.

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The article describes a case study when the voltage collapse during lightning impulse tests of new power transformers was noticed and when the repeated tests finished with a positive result. The step-by-step process of reaching the conclusion on the basis of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) as a key method of the investigations was presented. The considerations on the possible source of the analysis showed that the Duval triangle method, used in the analysis of the concentration of gases dissolved in oil samples taken from bushings, more reliably and unambiguously than the ratio method recommended

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12

Abdul Ali, Abdul Wali, and Normiza Mohamad Nor. "On the Characterisations of the Impulse Breakdown in High Resistivity Soils by Field Testing." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092401.

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This paper presents experimental results of high-current impulse tests on six ground electrode configurations. A high impulse current generator is employed to inject different magnitudes of current into these rod electrodes, under both positive and negative impulse polarities. The effect of increasing the number of rod electrodes, hence the resistance at DC or steady-state (RDC), on the impulse response of ground electrodes is analysed. From the analysis of the results, it was found that the larger the size of rod electrodes, the less current-dependent Zimpulse becomes. The percentage of reduc

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13

Reffin, Muhd Shahirad, Normiza Mohamad Nor, Nurul Azlina Abdul Rahman, Noradlina Abdullah, Norhasliza Hatta, and Mohd Pauzi Yahaya. "Effectiveness of Large Soil Grain Sizes in Studying Impulse Characteristics of Soil." Energies 15, no. 4 (2022): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041471.

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There have been many published studies analysing the impulse characteristics of soil and various soil properties. Some of these published results are found to be largely different and inconsistent from one study to another. Soil properties may be complex in nature, and its characteristics under high impulse conditions are influenced by many factors, which result in inconsistency in the results. Nevertheless, it has been known that under high impulse conditions, ionisation in the soil would occur due to air discharges in the air voids within the soil, and interfaces between the soil and the gro

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14

Zhan, Yunpeng, Shuai Hou, Mingli Fu, et al. "Cumulative degradation of electrical properties in polypropylene insulation for AC cables under repeated impulse voltage stress." High Voltage 10, no. 3 (2025): 623–31. https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70050.

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AbstractIn modern power transmission systems, AC cables are increasingly integrated with overhead lines, forming hybrid networks. These cables are frequently exposed to repeated impulse voltages from the overhead lines. While surge arresters offer partial protection, the long‐term effects of these impulses on polypropylene (PP) insulation remain unclear. This study systematically investigates the cumulative degradation of the electrical breakdown properties of PP insulation under repeated impulse voltage stress. The 50% impulse breakdown voltage (U50) was first determined, and a series of impu

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15

LI, JIAN, ZHAO-TAO ZHANG, PING ZOU, BIN DU, and RUI-JIN LIAO. "LIGHTNING IMPULSE BREAKDOWN CHARACTERISTICS AND ELECTRODYNAMIC PROCESS OF INSULATING VEGETABLE OIL-BASED NANOFLUID." Modern Physics Letters B 26, no. 15 (2012): 1250095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984912500959.

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Insulating vegetable oils are considered environment-friendly and fire-resistant substitutes for insulating mineral oils. This paper presents the lightning impulse breakdown characteristic of insulating vegetable oil and insulating vegetable oil-based nanofluids. It indicates that Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles can increase the negative lightning impulse breakdown voltages of insulating vegetable oil by 11.8% and positive lightning impulse breakdown voltages by 37.4%. The propagation velocity of streamer is reduced by the presence of nanoparticles. The propagation velocities of streamer to positive an

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16

Wang, Qi, Muhammad Rafiq, Yuzhen Lv, Chengrong Li, and Kai Yi. "Preparation of Three Types of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids and Comparative Study on the Effect of Nanoparticle Concentrations on Insulating Property of Transformer Oil." Journal of Nanotechnology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5802753.

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Nanofluids have the potential to become the alternatives of conventional transformer oil for their exquisite electrical and thermal properties. Three kinds of nanoparticles with distinct conductivities, namely, nonconductive nanoparticle Al2O3, conductive nanoparticle Fe3O4, and semiconductive nanoparticle TiO2, with different concentrations from 5% to 40% w/v were selected and suspended into transformer oil to develop nanofluids. The lightening impulse breakdown strengths of the oil samples with and without nanoparticles were measured according to IEC standard methods. The positive impulse br

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17

Ishak, Mohd Taufiq, Mohd Taufik Jusoh, Jaafar Adnan, and Rahisham Abd. Rahman. "Lightning Impulse Breakdown Voltage RBDPO with the Presence of Metallic Particles Under a Uniform Electric Field." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si4, no. 2 (2021): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-si4(2)-19.

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The performance of liquid insulation in power transformer is vulnerable to particles, especially the metallic particles. This paper presents the experimental study on the effect of metallic particles on the palm oil (PO) as dielectric insulating fluid under lightning impulse breakdown voltage. The type of PO used in this study is refined, bleached and deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Olein. Two different types of metallic particles (copper and iron) with different concentrations (clean, low, medium, and high) were studied. The lightning impulse test has been carried out according to IEC 60897 stand

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18

Sidorov A. V., Veselov A. P., Vodopyanov A. V., Kubarev V. V., Gorbachev Ya. I., and Shevchenko O. A. "Features of the breakdown in heavy noble gases under the action of Novosibirsk free electron laser radiation." Technical Physics Letters 49, no. 2 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2023.02.55362.19424.

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The results of experimental studies on the breakdown of noble gases (argon and krypton) by terahertz radiation from the Novosibirsk free electron laser (NovoFEL) are presented. For the first time, the breakdown thresholds of noble gases by terahertz radiation were measured in a wide pressure range (0.2-1.5 bar). Previous experiments to measure breakdown thresholds in the THz range in various gases were carried out for hundreds of GHz or at atmospheric pressure. Experimental breakdown thresholds are compared with calculated data using various simplified models. Keywords: THz radiation, gas brea

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19

Jadidian, Jouya, Markus Zahn, Nils Lavesson, Ola Widlund, and Karl Borg. "Impulse breakdown delay in liquid dielectrics." Applied Physics Letters 100, no. 19 (2012): 192910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4716464.

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20

Сидоров, А. В., А. П. Веселов, А. В. Водопьянов, В. В. Кубарев, Я. И. Горбачев та О. А. Шевченко. "Особенности пробоя тяжелых инертных газов в сфокусированном пучке излучения Новосибирского лазера на свободных электронах". Письма в журнал технической физики 49, № 3 (2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2023.03.54460.19424.

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The results of experimental studies on the breakdown of noble gases (argon and krypton) by terahertz radiation from the Novosibirsk free electron laser (NovoFEL) are presented. For the first time, the breakdown thresholds of noble gases by terahertz radiation were measured in a wide pressure range (0.2 – 1.5 bar). Previous experiments to measure breakdown thresholds in the THz range in various gases were carried out for hundreds of GHz or at atmospheric pressure. Experimental breakdown thresholds are compared with calculated data using various simplified models.

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21

Kunikowski, Wiktor, Pawel Rozga, Bartlomiej Pasternak, Jakub Staniewski, Filip Stuchala, and Konrad Strzelecki. "Impact of Electrode Distance in a Quasi-Uniform Model Electrode System on Lightning Impulse Breakdown Voltage in Various Insulating Liquids." Energies 17, no. 4 (2024): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040782.

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This study presents findings on the influence of gap length distance on the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of three dielectric liquids of different chemical origins. The liquids were tested in a model electrode system with a quasi-uniform electric field distribution and a pressboard plate placed on the grounded electrode. The experimental studies were supported using calculations and simulations to show the individual relationships between the lightning impulse breakdown voltage and gap distance, which represent the so-called volume effect of the most stressed liquid. The results of the e

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22

Wu, Shaocheng, Linong Wang, Jiachen Gao, et al. "Breakdown characteristics of combined air gaps under lightning impulse." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (2022): 035024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084951.

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With the increase of both voltage level and the transmission capacity, more attention has been paid to the external insulation of transmission lines. As the main external insulation medium of transmission line, the air gap’s dielectric strength will change when there are floating conductors. In this paper, we established an experiment platform to study the effects of floating conductors, simulated by floating rod electrode, on breakdown voltage, breakdown time, electric field distribution and discharge physical process of long air gaps under lightning impulse. The results showed that the inter

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23

Jinliang He, Baoping Zhang, Peng Kang, Rong Zeng, and Bo Zhang. "Lightning Impulse Breakdown Characteristics of Frozen Soil." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 4 (2008): 2216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2008.919254.

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24

Boggs, S. "Analytical approach to breakdown under impulse conditions." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 11, no. 1 (2004): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2004.1266321.

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25

Hogg, M., I. Timoshkin, M. Given, et al. "Impulse breakdown of water with different conductivities." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 19, no. 5 (2012): 1559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2012.6311501.

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26

Eden, J. G. "Electrical Breakdown and Discharges in Gases – Fundamental Processes and Breakdown." Fusion Technology 7, no. 2 (1985): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst85-a24536.

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27

Khatami, Saeid, Hamid Akrami, and Ali Fattah. "Low-Power Operation of Pt/Porous Si Schottky-Diode Gas-Sensor through a Reduction in its Breakdown Voltage." Defect and Diffusion Forum 316-317 (May 2011): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.316-317.81.

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In this work gas sensors based on PtSi Schottky diode using <100> n-type porous Si were designed, fabricated, and tested. These gas sensors detect polar gases (the gases with internal dipole moments) such as CO and non-polar gases (the gases without internal dipole moments) such as CO2. The operation of these Schottky diode sensors is carried out in breakdown region and shifts in their breakdown voltage in the presence of certain gases are mapped into the concentration of those gases in the environment. Fabrication of PtSi diode based gas sensors was reported earlier elsewhere. Our main

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28

Adnan, Ja’afar, Mohd Taufiq Ishak, Nurul ‘Izzati Hashim, Fakroul Ridzuan Hashim, and Muhammad Aiman Amran. "Examination of Impulse Breakdown Voltage of a New EFB Insulation Paper." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si4, no. 1 (2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-si4(1)-04.

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Demand of softwood fiber has rapidly increased as a result from the variety of new softwood products. Therefore, nonwood fibers have been introduced as alternatives in pulp for presspaper making to supplement the limited wood fiber resources. Malaysia is the second largest producer of oil palm where the empty fruit bunch (EFB) has a potential to be developed as an insulating paper. This paper aims to determine the performance of EFB as non-wood fiber to evaluate its use as potential presspaper insulation in power transformer. The sample of EFB paper was produced through kraft pulping and labor

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29

Naidis, George V., Victor F. Tarasenko, Natalia Yu Babaeva, and Mikhail I. Lomaev. "Subnanosecond breakdown in high-pressure gases." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (2018): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aaa072.

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30

Shea, J. J. "Physics of pulsed breakdown in gases." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 17, no. 5 (2001): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.2001.954595.

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31

Pejovic, Momcilo M., Goran S. Ristic, and Jugoslav P. Karamarkovic. "Electrical breakdown in low pressure gases." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 35, no. 10 (2002): R91—R103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/35/10/201.

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32

Lisovskii, V. A. "Criterion for microwave breakdown of gases." Technical Physics 44, no. 11 (1999): 1282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1259510.

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33

Bokhan, P. A., P. P. Gugin, M. A. Lavrukhin, N. Glubokov, and D. E. Zakrevsky. "Nanosecond pulse breakdown in noble gases." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 4 (2023): 043504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0138062.

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The results of the investigation of the breakdown characteristics of the planar “open” discharge and open discharge with the generation of counter-propagating electron beams under excitation by pulses with nanosecond rise fronts are presented. The amplitude parameters of current and voltage and temporal characteristics of breakdown in helium, neon, and argon were measured. It is demonstrated that the breakdown in the open discharge is characterized by considerably larger electric field strengths at the same development delays as in the avalanche discharge. A similarity criterion based on the p

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34

Krügel, Sabrina, and Ronald Plath. "Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage Testing." Energies 17, no. 19 (2024): 4946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17194946.

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This study examines and compares the breakdown and aging properties of five insulating liquids. Additionally, the influence of different voltage polarities on these properties was analyzed to investigate the effect of aging on polarity behavior under lightning impulse voltage in a semi-uniform field. The results were compared to standardized AC breakdown tests. After 2330 h and 4350 h of aging, changes were observed in key aging indicators such as water content (both absolute and relative), total acid number, and color across all liquids. Viscosity increased by up to 10% in natural esters. Not

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35

Kwon, Ik-Soo, Sun-Jin Kim, Mansoor Asif, and Bang-Wook Lee. "Evaluation of Electric Field and Space Charge Dynamics in Dielectric under DC Voltage with Superimposed Switching Impulse." Energies 12, no. 10 (2019): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101836.

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The influx of a switching impulse during DC steady-state operations causes severe electrical stress on the insulation of HVDC cables. Thus, the insulation should be designed to withstand a superimposed switching impulse. All major manufacturers of DC cables perform superimposed switching impulse breakdown tests for prequalification. However, an experimental approach to study space charge dynamics in dielectrics under a switching impulse superposed on DC voltage has not been reported yet. This is because, unlike the DC stress, it is not possible to study the charge dynamics experimentally under

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36

Nguyen, Dung. "THE INFLUENCE OF POLYPROPYLENE LAMINATED PAPER ON THE BREAKDOWN STRENGTH OF INSULATION FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING CABLE." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, no. 1 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/1/14387.

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Polypropylene Laminated Paper (PPLP) and Kraft paper has been used as ac power insulation for conventional cable as well as high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable because of its prominent insulating characteristics. However, research on the use of PPLP/Kraft insulation for HTS cables are thinly scattered. In this paper, the effect of PPLP on the breakdown strength of PPLP/Kraft multi-layer sample impregnated with liquid nitrogen (LN2) under ac and impulse applied voltage was studied. In addition, the breakdown strength characteristics of PPLP and Kraft samples were also investigated in o

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37

Kang, Jun, Xiaohui Li, Jianwu Li, et al. "Comparison of Breakdown Characteristics of SF6 in Extremely Non-Uniform Fields under Oscillation and Aperiodic Lightning Impulses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3012, no. 1 (2025): 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3012/1/012033.

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Abstract SF6 gas has good insulation properties and is widely used in power equipment. The impulse withstand voltage test is an important measure to ensure the safe and reliable operation of power equipment. Among them, oscillating lightning impulse (OLI) and aperiodic lightning impulse (ALI) are both suitable for the field, but the understanding of the clarity of the similarities and differences between the two types of waveforms is still not evident. Therefore, it is essential to initially examine the discharge characteristics of insulation defects under OLI and ALI. The article develops a h

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38

Meer, Rashed, Yasin Khan, Nissar Rasool Wani, and Abdulrahman Ali Al-Arainy. "The Estimation of Lightning Impulses Superimposed onto Pre-Stressed DC Breakdown Voltages Using the Leader Propagation Method." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051708.

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The impulse breakdown attributes are of rudimentary importance in the insulation coordination in the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). The critical voltage waveshape for the insulation is the surge over voltages. Usually, such over-voltages will emerge on the electrical equipment while these are burdened under DC or AC working voltages. Therefore, during relatively small-time intervals, the undermined devices are exposed to surge voltages that are superimposed upon the already running DC or AC voltages. From a safety point of view, and for providing reliable power to the consumer, we need to stu

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39

Haegele, Stephanie, Farzaneh Vahidi, Stefan Tenbohlen, Kevin Rapp, and Alan Sbravati. "Lightning Impulse Withstand of Natural Ester Liquid." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081964.

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Due to the low biodegradability of mineral oil, intense research is conducted to define alternative liquids with comparable dielectric properties. Natural ester liquids are an alternative in focus; they are used increasingly as insulating liquid in distribution and power transformers. The main advantages of natural ester liquids compared to mineral oil are their good biodegradability and mainly high flash and fire points providing better fire safety. The dielectric strength of natural ester liquids is comparable to conventional mineral oil for homogeneous field arrangements. However, many stud

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40

WALCZAK, Krzysztof, Jozef J. ZAWODNIAK, and Michal NAWROCKI. "Surge Breakdown Voltage Study of Contaminated Medium Voltage Composite Insulators." AUTOMATYKA, ELEKTRYKA, ZAKLOCENIA 14, no. 34(54)20233 (2023): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17274/aez.2023.54.05.

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Some issues related to the surge impulse strength of MV line composite insulators with visible contamination deposits have been discussed in the article. Additionally, the resistance of composite insulators to bird droppings (surface degradation) together with the impact of these deposits on surge impulse strength have been verified by laboratory experiments.

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41

Li, Huaqiang, Linfeng Xia, Shengwei Cai, Zhiqiang Huang, Jiaqi Li, and Lisheng Zhong. "Influence of Molecule Structure on Lightning Impulse Breakdown of Ester Liquids." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041061.

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Ester liquids are environmentally friendly insulating oils, and they can be used as an alternative to mineral oil in transformers, even though in most countries spills of ester oils must be treated like spills of mineral oil. Furthermore, the breakdown characteristics of ester liquids are worse than those of mineral oils in heterogeneous electric fields. In this paper, we present a comprehensive experimental research on both positive and negative lightning impulse breakdown properties in point-plane geometries with gaps varying from 1 mm to 50 mm. The breakdown voltages and streamer velocities

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42

Chen, Jiaqi, Potao Sun, Wenxia Sima, Qianqiu Shao, Lian Ye, and Chuang Li. "A Promising Nano-Insulating-Oil for Industrial Application: Electrical Properties and Modification Mechanism." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (2019): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050788.

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Despite being discovered more than 20 years ago, nanofluids still cannot be used in the power industry. The fundamental reason is that nano-insulating oil has poor stability, and its electrical performance decreases under negative impulse voltage. We found that C60 nanoparticles can maintain long-term stability in insulating oil without surface modification. C60 has strong electronegativity and photon absorption ability, which can comprehensively improve the electrical performance of insulating oil. This finding has great significance for the industrial application of nano-insulating oil. In t

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Ikhwanus, Muhammad, and Takeshi Morimoto. "Rapid Breakdown Time in Positive Impulse Voltages through Spectroscopy Analysis." Energies 17, no. 3 (2024): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17030705.

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The air discharge phenomenon, characterized by its rapid and transient nature, is inherently unpredictable, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of its physical interactions. Our experimental setup involved voltage generators producing both positive and negative impulse voltages (±100 kV, ±125 kV, and ±150 kV) at a 3.5 cm gap distance in a needle-to-plane geometry. This setup facilitated the study of individual spectral lines of impulse voltage discharges, with a specific emphasis on examining oxygen transitions through spectroscopy analysis. To explore the influence of photo

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Lee, Bok-Hee, Kang-Soo Lee, and Hoe-Gu Kim. "Breakdown Characteristics of Soils Caused by Impulse Currents." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 24, no. 4 (2010): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2010.24.4.103.

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Shin, Hee-Kyoung, Dong-Kyu Kim, and Bok-Hee Lee. "Electrical Breakdown Characteristics of N2Gas under Impulse Voltages." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 25, no. 2 (2011): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2011.25.2.131.

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Tsuruta, K. "Impulse Electrical Breakdown Fields of Short Vacuum Gaps." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation EI-22, no. 1 (1987): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tei.1987.298968.

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Thomas, Bavisha, and Usa Savadamuthu. "Impulse breakdown characteristics of aged oil impregnated paper." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 24, no. 4 (2017): 2354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2017.006456.

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Itagaki, Koichi, Md Mortuza Ali, Hiroshi Kitamura, and Takeo Maruyama. "Impulse breakdown voltages of triggered multistage vacuum gap." Electrical Engineering in Japan 112, no. 2 (1992): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391120201.

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Zhou, Quan, Mingqian Wen, Taotao Xiong, et al. "Study on Insulation Breakdown Characteristics of Printed Circuit Board under Continuous Square Impulse Voltage." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112908.

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The widely distributed interconnects in printed circuit boards (PCBs) easily couple with high voltage under the action of electromagnetic pulses, which leads to insulation failure. In this study, the dielectric breakdown characteristics of four typical PCBs are studied under continuous square impulse voltage conditions. First, the electric field distribution in the four electrode models is simulated with the ANSYS software (ANSYS Maxwell 17.0). Electric field simulation results show the weak area of electric field distribution. On this basis, the possible breakdown patterns of PCB are analyzed

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Katim, Nurul, Mohd Ishak, Nur Mohamad Amin, Mardhiah Abdul Hamid, Khairol Amali Ahmad, and Norhafiz Azis. "Lightning Breakdown Voltage Evaluation of Palm Oil and Coconut Oil as Transformer Oil under Quasi-Uniform Field Conditions." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102676.

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This paper presents lightning (1.2/50 µs) breakdown voltages of palm oil (PO), coconut oil (CO) and mineral oil (MO) in a quasi-uniform sphere to sphere electric field at two gap distances. The type of PO used in this study is Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Olein type. The effect of voltage polarities (positive and negative) and testing methods (rising voltage, up and down and multiple level) on the lightning breakdown performance were investigated. The results indicated that lightning breakdown voltages of CO and RBDPO are comparable to those of MO under various test conditions.

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