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1
Quyen, Anh Huy, Hung Manh Nguyen, and Minh Van Ta. "ADVANCED LIGHTNING CURRENT GENERATORS." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 4 (2011): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i4.2011.
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Lightning current impulse circuit researches have used various schematics for diverse impulses, which makes several problems for lightning current impulse generator fabrication with a suitable cost. In addition, errors of several lightning current impulse math models have not met the standards. This work presents solutions to determination of parameters for a specific lightning current impulse circuit and a lightning current impulse math model which is in Matlab environment with high accuracy.
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Gregory, J. E., D. L. Morgan, and U. Proske. "Site of impulse initiation in tendon organs of cat soleus muscle." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 6 (1985): 1383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.6.1383.
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A continuing controversy surrounds the question of whether Golgi tendon organs are examples of receptors in which impulses may be generated at more than one site. This paper reports a systematic examination of a number of models incorporating single or multiple impulse generators and of the compatibility of their predictions with experimental observations. Two phenomena, in particular, that must be accounted for are nonlinear summation and cross-adaptation. When two motor units each with a direct effect on the tendon organ are stimulated together, the rate of discharge is greater than either individual rate but is less than their sum. In cross-adaptation a conditioning response elicited by one motor unit contraction produces adaptation of the discharge associated with stimulation of a second motor unit. A model with a central impulse generator can be modified to account for nonlinear summation by postulating a nonlinear transformation in the generator current-to-impulse rate conversion. Experiments measuring summation of responses to stimulation of three inputs produced results that did not support this model. Another variation of the model, which had a nonlinearity in the tension-to-current step and cross-connections (mechanical or neural) between tendon strands stressed by contracting muscle fibers, was able to account for the observations. A second model that provided the right predictions was a multiple impulse generator with cross-connections. Which of the two models best fits the experimental observations can be decided by comparing the calculated summation coefficients and cross-adaptation coefficients. A central impulse generator predicts a negative correlation, the multiple impulse generator a positive correlation. All of the observations were made using tendon organs of cat soleus muscle. Responses were recorded to stimulation of filaments of ventral root. In a comparison between 20 pairs of responses from six tendon organs the correlation between summation and cross-adaptation coefficients was found to be significantly positive. We conclude that the tendon organ model that accurately predicts all of the experimental observations incorporates multiple generators.
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Yevgeniy, Trotsenko, Brzhezitsky Volodymyr, Protsenko Olexandr, and Haran Yaroslav. "Simulation of impulse current generator for testing surge arresters using frequency-dependent models." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 1(57) (2021): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225492.
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<em>The object of research is the equivalent circuit of an impulse current generator designed for testing surge arresters. Calculation of the impulse current generator parameters when discharging a capacitor bank to a complex nonlinear load is a difficult task for an analytical solution. Until now, the application of surge arrester frequency-dependent models was limited to the problems of overvoltage computation. Surge arrester frequency-dependent models can predict the residual voltage with high accuracy. This is the reason to consider that surge arrester frequency-dependent models can be used for calculating the main parameters of impulse current generators designed for physical testing of surge arresters.</em> <em>The task of determining the equivalent circuit parameters required for getting a discharge current of a given waveform and amplitude in an impulse current generator scheme with a nonlinear load was solved using circuit simulation.</em> <em>This article presents the results of studying the processes in impulse current generator equivalent circuit. In the circuit a dynamic model of a surge arrester is used as the load model. For this, an equivalent circuit for the discharge path of the impulse current generator was drawn up. The parameters of the circuit elements (including the required number of capacitors and their charging voltage) are determined, which are necessary for getting a discharge current of a given standardized waveform and amplitude. The parameters of the discharge path are determined for surge arresters of three different voltage classes. It was found that the relative error when determining the residual voltage between the terminals of the surge arrester model does not exceed 3 %.</em> <em>The work contributes to the further development of circuit simulation of surge arresters and the expansion of the scope of surge arrester dynamic models. As a result of the research performed, the possibility of using surge arrester frequency-dependent models for determining the discharge current waveform in impulse current generators is shown. The research performed is relevant due to the fact that surge arresters have become a main tool for protecting the insulation of electrical network equipment against external and internal overvoltages.</em>
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Muhammad, Usman, Fazlul Aman, Normiza Mohamad Nor, Nurul Nadia Ahmad, and Miszaina Osman. "Influences of impulse generators on the impulse characteristics of grounding systems." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 14, no. 3 (2025): 1613–23. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v14i3.8467.
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It is important to ensure the effectiveness of the experimental test set up and to accurately characterize grounding systems under high impulse conditions, the study on the effect of impulse generator is therefore needed. As with other experimental work, the test results may be influenced not only by the characteristics of the test load under study, but also the test arrangement, rating of the impulse generator and transducers. In this work, sources of this overshoot/spike observed in voltage and current traces of 1-rod, 3-rod, and 4-rod electrodes subjected to two impulse current generators of different rating: generating at maximum voltage and current of 100 kV, 1.5 kA, and 300 kV, 10 kA with the same response time of 1.2/50 μs are identified with the aid of simulation work.
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Trotsenko, Yevgeniy, Volodymyr Brzhezitsky, Olexandr Protsenko, and Yaroslav Haran. "Simulation of impulse current generator for testing surge arresters using frequency-dependent models." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 1(57) (2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225492.
Full textAbstract:
The object of research is the equivalent circuit of an impulse current generator designed for testing surge arresters. Calculation of the impulse current generator parameters when discharging a capacitor bank to a complex nonlinear load is a difficult task for an analytical solution. Until now, the application of surge arrester frequency-dependent models was limited to the problems of overvoltage computation. Surge arrester frequency-dependent models can predict the residual voltage with high accuracy. This is the reason to consider that surge arrester frequency-dependent models can be used for calculating the main parameters of impulse current generators designed for physical testing of surge arresters.
 The task of determining the equivalent circuit parameters required for getting a discharge current of a given waveform and amplitude in an impulse current generator scheme with a nonlinear load was solved using circuit simulation.
 This article presents the results of studying the processes in impulse current generator equivalent circuit. In the circuit a dynamic model of a surge arrester is used as the load model. For this, an equivalent circuit for the discharge path of the impulse current generator was drawn up. The parameters of the circuit elements (including the required number of capacitors and their charging voltage) are determined, which are necessary for getting a discharge current of a given standardized waveform and amplitude. The parameters of the discharge path are determined for surge arresters of three different voltage classes. It was found that the relative error when determining the residual voltage between the terminals of the surge arrester model does not exceed 3 %.
 The work contributes to the further development of circuit simulation of surge arresters and the expansion of the scope of surge arrester dynamic models. As a result of the research performed, the possibility of using surge arrester frequency-dependent models for determining the discharge current waveform in impulse current generators is shown. The research performed is relevant due to the fact that surge arresters have become a main tool for protecting the insulation of electrical network equipment against external and internal overvoltages
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Grainys, Audrius. "HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATOR OF SUB-MICROSECOND DURATION / MIKROSEKUNDINĖS TRUKMĖS MAGNETINIŲ IMPULSŲ GENERATORIUS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 4, no. 1 (2012): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2012.14.
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The article describes the possibility of generating a micro and sub-microsecond magnetic impulse reaching 1–10 T, investigates various configurations of microcoils and discusses the principal circuit of a magnetic field impulse generator of microsecond duration. The transient processes of current, temperature and magnetic field are calculated applying the finite element method. Santrauka Nagrinėjamas mikrosekundinės ir submikrosekundinės trukmės magnetinių impulsų, siekiančių 1–10 T, generavimas. Pateikta mikrosekundės trukmės magnetinių impulsų generatoriaus, kuris susideda iš mikroritės, mažą parazitinį induktyvumą turinčio kondensatoriaus ir greitų didelės galios MOSFET raktų principinė valdymo schema. Pereinamiesiems srovės, įtampos, elektromagnetinio lauko ir termodinaminiams vyksmams gauti taikomi analizinis ir baigtinių elementų skaičiavimo metodai. Straipsnyje pateikti elektromagnetinio lauko pasiskirstymo skaičiavimo rezultatai.
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Mottaeva, Angela B., Irina A. Smirnova, Evgeny A. Konnikov, and Elena E. Sharafanova. "FUZZY-SET APPROACH TO ASSESSING TRANSREGIONAL INDUSTRIAL COHERENCE." SOFT MEASUREMENTS AND COMPUTING 3, no. 76 (2024): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/2618-9976.2024.03.003.
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Within the scope of the research, the model is being developed to assess the economic effect of transregional industrial coherence at the current level of transport infrastructure development. The study constitutes a part of the analytical modeling of the cycle for increasing the level of sustainable development in regions, the enterprises of which are included in the target transregional industrial cluster. The resulting parameter of influence is the real impulse, integrally expressed by intermediate impulse flows, formed by subject-generators and reinforced by subject-catalysts in the environment. The general conceptual basis for modeling is the effect of incrementing the subject connections of the industrial cluster in the content of the array of influence factor vectors of the cluster – transregional industrial coherence, which is determined by the synergy of environmental characteristics and is manifested by the access of system impulses and their generators in such a way that the significance of the impulse for the environment may greatly exceed the significance of the generator; however, the reduction in the weight of generator parameters entails a value equalization of the impulse. This stage of modeling directly shapes the assessment of transregional industrial coherence through the application of the tools and logic of fuzzy-set modeling.
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Edirisinghe, Mahesh, Raul Montaño, Vernon Cooray, and F. Roman. "Performance Comparison of Varistor Models under High Current Derivative Impulses." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (September 2013): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.11.40.
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Surge protective devices (SPD) testing procedures are mainly performed with standard current pulse types. However, none of these standard current waveforms reproduce the very fast rise time and the large peak current derivatives observed in subsequent return strokes. In the literature there are several mathematical models to represent metal oxide varistor that have been developed based on standard impulse conditions. These models are being used routinely in the analysis of the various electronic circuits under transient conditions. In this paper, a study was conducted to have a performance comparison between the two varistor models, simplified varistor model and Durbak's model, available in the literature under high current derivative impulses. The experiments and simulations were performed on disk type varistors with different diameter sizes, i.e., 20 mm, 10 mm, and 05mm with nominal operating voltage of 230 V. The Roman Generator developed at Uppsala University was used as the high current derivative impulse generator which can produce a peak current up to 1500 A with 10 ns rise time and its rate-of-rise is in the order of 1011 A/s. The results showed that for standard 8/20 µs lightning impulses, simulation results of these models had a good agreement with the experimental data. However, these two models need to be improving in order to improve their performance under high current derivative impulses into the sub-microsecond range.
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Edirisinghe, Mahesh, Raul Montaño, Vernon Cooray, and F. Roman. "Performance Comparison of Varistor Models under High Current Derivative Impulses." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (April 2, 2013): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-w4ws97.
Full textAbstract:
Surge protective devices (SPD) testing procedures are mainly performed with standard current pulse types. However, none of these standard current waveforms reproduce the very fast rise time and the large peak current derivatives observed in subsequent return strokes. In the literature there are several mathematical models to represent metal oxide varistor that have been developed based on standard impulse conditions. These models are being used routinely in the analysis of the various electronic circuits under transient conditions. In this paper, a study was conducted to have a performance comparison between the two varistor models, simplified varistor model and Durbak's model, available in the literature under high current derivative impulses. The experiments and simulations were performed on disk type varistors with different diameter sizes, i.e., 20 mm, 10 mm, and 05mm with nominal operating voltage of 230 V. The Roman Generator developed at Uppsala University was used as the high current derivative impulse generator which can produce a peak current up to 1500 A with 10 ns rise time and its rate-of-rise is in the order of 1011 A/s. The results showed that for standard 8/20 µs lightning impulses, simulation results of these models had a good agreement with the experimental data. However, these two models need to be improving in order to improve their performance under high current derivative impulses into the sub-microsecond range.
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Yudaev, I., R. Kokurin, V. Eviev, B. Belyaeva, E. Sumyanova, and N. Romanyuk. "Usage of high voltage impulse generator to research the process of electropulse destruction of locust larvae in the soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 996, no. 1 (2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/996/1/012027.
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Abstract In accordance with announced technology, a laboratory research complex is needed for researching the influence of electropulse effects on locust larvae (capsules) and identification of the processing modes and construction design required to cause their irreversible (fatal) damage. In this regard, a schematic diagram of a laboratory research complex for electropulse processing has been developed and its structure has been determined. A separate question concerned a source of high voltage and a shaper of high-voltage impulses. A special design of a high-voltage impulse generator has been developed. This design can produce impact impulses of various durations - the impulse duration depends on the capacitive storage; with maximum amplitude of 16 kV and current per impulse of up to 400 A. The generator uses a capacitive storage discharge through a thyratron controlled by a microcontroller to the load. The proposed high-voltage impulse generator is necessary for researching the effect of electropulse high-voltage technology on the irreversible damage of locust larvae located in the soil layer, and for the experimental identification of the operating modes of the electrical part of the designed electrotechnological system, which allows for destruction of locust capsules directly in the field. The designed high-voltage generator was tested in operational mode when working with a load, which was the soil volume placed between the electrodes in the working chamber. The shape of the operational impulse and its parameters comply with predefined characteristics for electropulse cultivation of soil massif with locust larvae (capsules). After the tests, minor structural adjustments were made, and the generator itself was prepared for experimental studies in the laboratory.
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Zhang, Chenmeng, Kailin Zhao, Shijun Xie, Can Hu, Yu Zhang, and Nanxi Jiang. "Research on the Time-Domain Dielectric Response of Multiple Impulse Voltage Aging Oil-Film Dielectrics." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071948.
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Power capacitors suffer multiple impulse voltages during their lifetime. With the multiple impulse voltage aging, the internal insulation, oil-film dielectric may deteriorate and even fail in the early stage, which is called accumulative effect. Hence, the time-domain dielectric response of oil-film dielectric with multiple impulse voltage aging is studied in this paper. At first, the procedure of the preparation of the tested samples were introduced. Secondly, an aging platform, impulse voltage generator was built to test the accumulative effect of capacitor under multiple impulse voltage. Then, a device was used to test the time-domain dielectric response (polarization depolarization current, PDC) of oil-film dielectric in different aging states. And finally, according to the PDC data, extended Debye model and characteristic parameters were obtained by matrix pencil algorithm identification. The results indicated that with the increase of impulse voltage times, the time-domain dielectric response of oil-film dielectric changed accordingly. The polarization current curve moved up gradually, the insulation resistance decreased when subjected to the repeated impulses. In frequency domain, the frequency spectrum of tan δ changed along with the impulse accumulation aging, especially at low frequency. At last, combined with the aging mechanism of oil-film dielectric under multiple impulse voltage, the test results were discussed.
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Wijono, Wijono, Zainul Abidin, Waru Djuriatno, Eka Maulana, and Nola Ribath. "Design of 4-stage Marx generator using gas discharge tube." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.1949.
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In this paper, a Marx generator voltage multiplier as an impulse generator made of multi-stage resistors and capacitors to generate a high voltage is proposed. In order to generate a high voltage pulse, a number of capacitors are connected in parallel to charge up during on time and then in series to generate higher voltage during off period. In this research, a 6kV Marx generator voltage multiplier is designed using gas discharge tube (GDT) as an electronic switch to breakdown voltage. The Marx generator circuit is designed to charge the storage capacitor for high impulse voltage and current generator applications. According to IEC 61000-4-5 class 4 standards, the storage capacitor must be charged up to 4 kV. The results show that the proposed Marx generator can produce voltages up to 6.8 kV. However, the storage capacitor could be charged up to 1 kV, instead of 4 kV in the standard. That is because the output impulse voltage has narrow time period.
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Wijono, Abidin Zainul, Djuriatno Waru, Maulana Eka, and Ribath Nola. "Design of 4-stage Marx generator using gas discharge tube." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (2021): 55–61. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.1949.
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In this paper, a Marx generator voltage multiplier as an impulse generator made of multi-stage resistors and capacitors to generate a high voltage is proposed. In order to generate a high voltage pulse, a number of capacitors are connected in parallel to charge up during on time and then in series to generate higher voltage during off period. In this research, a 6kV Marx generator voltage multiplier is designed using gas discharge tube (GDT) as an electronic switch to breakdown voltage. The Marx generator circuit is designed to charge the storage capacitor for high impulse voltage and current generator applications. According to IEC 61000-4-5 class 4 standards, the storage capacitor must be charged up to 4 kV. The results show that the proposed Marx generator can produce voltages up to 6.8 kV. However, the storage capacitor could be charged up to 1 kV, instead of 4 kV in the standard. That is because the output impulse voltage has narrow time period.
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Feng, Junwei, Hao Shen, and Dong Liang. "Investigation of lightning ignition characteristics based on an impulse current generator." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 24 (2019): 14234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5855.
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Abdul Ali, Abdul Wali, and Normiza Mohamad Nor. "On the Characterisations of the Impulse Breakdown in High Resistivity Soils by Field Testing." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092401.
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This paper presents experimental results of high-current impulse tests on six ground electrode configurations. A high impulse current generator is employed to inject different magnitudes of current into these rod electrodes, under both positive and negative impulse polarities. The effect of increasing the number of rod electrodes, hence the resistance at DC or steady-state (RDC), on the impulse response of ground electrodes is analysed. From the analysis of the results, it was found that the larger the size of rod electrodes, the less current-dependent Zimpulse becomes. The percentage of reduction of impulse impedance, Zimpulse from its steady state, and RDC values are found to be independent of impulse polarity. However, as the voltage magnitudes were increased, an occurrence of breakdown was seen, with higher breakdown voltage seen in negative impulse polarity in comparison to positive impulse polarity. Relatively, the higher the breakdown voltage is, seen in the ground electrodes subjected to negative polarity, the faster the time to breakdown is.
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Kongruang, Sasithorn, and Srawut Kleesuwan. "Nutritional Quantification and Shelf Life Analysis of Non-thermal Processed Coconut Juice." E3S Web of Conferences 141 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014102008.
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Nonthermal processing methods are attracted by many food and beverage industry because it can kill the microbial contamination under mild temperatures used in thermal processing; They can sustain flavours, essential nutrients, and vitamins undergo minimal changes. The objective of this research was to evaluate nonthermal processing as the high current impulse generator (HCIG) and investigate the reduction the contaminated microorganism in coconut juice under the batch and continuous treatment of HCIG. The physical, biochemical and nutritional changes of treated coconut juice were also investigated. The application of the direct electricity through cathode of high current impulse generator (HCIG) in 1,170 chambers contained the contaminated coconut juice. Significantly reduction both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli as 5-log were found when treatments were applied with impulses at 5.17 kA. Comparison of nutritional value of non-thermal processes before and after high current impulse was showed no significant differences between main nutritional values and free amino acid. For the continuous HCIG treatment under the treatment of 5.17 kA current with 9, 15 and 30 pulses with 5 L coconut juice at the flow rate of 1 L/min, results from initial concentration at 1.41 × 105 CFU/mL showed that S. cerevisiae reductions were found 78%, 66% and 96% as increasing number of pulses as 9, 15 and 30 pulses, respectively. The increment of microbial reduction with the increasing number of pulses was also detected as 78 %, 82 % and 96 % from 1.11 × 105 CFU/ml E. coli. Results revealed that the microbial reduction with HCIG under batch treatment were successful preserved the nutritional components of the coconut juice without significant physicochemical changes.
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He, Guofeng, Le Zhao, Yanfei Dong, Guojiao Li, and Wenjie Zhang. "A Novel VSG Control Strategy for UPS Voltage Source Inverter with Impulsive Load." Energies 15, no. 13 (2022): 4702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134702.
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This paper proposes a novel control strategy to alleviate the impulsive current for Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), which is designed based on the theory of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) and dynamic switching method. The power quality of UPS will become distortion when the instantaneous impulsive load is imposed on UPS. Especially, the output current of UPS will increase quickly in short time. In order to maintain the uninterrupted output voltage and reduce the distortion of output voltage of UPS under the action of instantaneous impulse load, Dynamic switching method is proposed to resist impulse load with large scale impulse current, Meanwhile, the VSG control strategy is adopted to deal with the slow power switching and provide virtual inertia for the system, so that the output voltage of UPS can remain uninterrupted and stable. Finally, simulation and experimental results show that this method can effectively suppress the impulse current, reduce the output voltage distortion of UPS inverter, and ensure the good performance of On-line UPS under impulse load.
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Lopez, Abraham, Haley N. Strong, Kendra I. McGlothen, Dustin J. Hines, and R. Jacob Baker. "A Compact Avalanche-Transistor-Based Pulse Generator for Transcranial Infrared Light Stimulation (TILS) Experiments." Instruments 6, no. 3 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments6030020.
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A pulse generator using an avalanche transistor operating in current-mode second breakdown driving a 780 nm laser diode is reported. The laser diode is mounted on the skull of a mouse and used in transcranial infrared light stimulation (TILS) experiments. The output current pulse width is approximately 2 ns in an attempt to generate a true impulse-like optical pulse excitation for the TILS experiments.
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Masłowski, Grzegorz, and Sebastian Hajder. "Measurements and Modeling of Long Continuing Current in the Lightning Protection System of a Residential Building." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 6862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196862.
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Experimental and computer investigations were conducted into long-duration impulse current distribution in the lightning protection system, supplying network, and electrical installation of a test house that was equipped with household appliances. Long-duration impulse currents simulating lightning continuing currents were injected from the unique current generator into the test object. The current distributions in the elements of the test object were measured using current shunts, coaxial cables, and digital oscilloscopes, then they were modeled using the ATP-EMTP software package. The obtained results show a quite good agreement between the measured and computed current waveforms. The relationships between the values of currents at different points of the conductive installation are similar, as reported in previous studies on the fast-changing lightning return stroke component distribution, although the efficiency of the lightning protection system (LPS) is a few percent better for the long continuing current component in the case of a strongly conductive ground at the test site in Huta Poręby, part of the Rzeszów University of Technology. Due to the relatively low content of high-frequency components in the long continuing current spectrum, the waveshape of this lightning component is practically the same throughout the entire tested installation.
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Eom, Ju-Hong, Sung-Chul Cho, and Tae-Hyung Lee. "Parameters Optimization of Impulse Generator Circuit for Generating First Short Stroke Lightning Current Waveform." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 9, no. 1 (2014): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2014.9.1.286.
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TSENG, Kuo-Hsiung, Ching-Lin HUANG, Pei-Yu CHENG, and Zih-Ciao WEI. "Development and Evaluation of a Wide Range Impulse Current Generator for Surge Arrester Testing." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E96.A, no. 3 (2013): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e96.a.713.
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Rugthaicharoencheep, Nattachote, and Jirawat Maigan. "Impacts of Factor Lightning and Surge Protection for Photovoltaic Power Generator on Distribution System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 901 (August 2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.901.103.
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This research paper presents the analysis of factor lightning protection for photovoltaic power generation. The question of the safety of lightning protection systems in photovoltaic power generation, especially under severe weather conditions such as thunderstorms. Therefore, a simple model of a photovoltaic power generation was developed, which included the arrangement of a conventional photovoltaic panel. The effect of lightning is also simulated by the pattern of lightning currents. It is also found that the size of the panel mounting structure and the point of lightning conduction induce the induced voltage at the junctions of the photovoltaic panel. Based on the results of the impulse current analysis, the intensity of the lightning current is increasing rapidly. All these factors will be taken into consideration in order to design a protective system.
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Roziskulov, S. S., D. V. Vinnichenko, and N. I. Suprunovska. "INTERDEPENDENT TRANSIENT PROCESSES IN CIRCLES OF BIPOLAR DISCHARGE PULSE CURRENT GENERATOR WITH R-L-C LOAD AND LIMITED POSITIVE VOLTAGE FEEDBACK." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2025, no. 3 (2025): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.15407/techned2025.03.003.
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The paper analyzes the interdependent transient processes in the discharge circuits of a bipolar discharge pulse gen-erator (DPG) with R-L-C load and limited positive voltage feedback. The analytical dependence of the value of the ini-tial voltage on the capacitor connected in series with the load on the value of the Q factor of the discharge circuit of the DPG was obtained. The optimal electrical parameters of these circuits have been determined to ensure high dynamic and energy indicators of impulse currents in an electric spark load. It is substantiated that the serial connection of a capacitor with an electric spark load in the discharge circuit of a bipolar DPG with a capacitive storage of electrical energy of high energy capacity allows to increase (maximum twice) the initial rate of current rise in the electric spark load of a bipolar DPG and significantly improve the energy indicators of discharge impulse currents. The short-circuit currents value of the DPG load is limited by the value of the characteristic resistance of the DPG discharge circuit, and their flow time corresponds to the self-oscillation period of the DPG discharge circuit in this mode of operation. At the same time, electrical energy is not dissipated in the discharge circuit of the DPG, but it is almost completely recovered to the capacitors on output of direct voltage formers. References 15, figures 6.
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Ivonin, V. V. "Influence of Nonlinear Processes in Soils on the Impulse Resistance of Grounding Electrodes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (2021): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012061.
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Abstract The article presents the results of laboratory studies of nonlinear processes during the flow of pulsed currents into moistened soil from electrodes modelling grounding devices of electric power facilities. A methodology for studying the pulse parameters of grounding devices has been developed and a laboratory stand and a generator measuring system have been developed on which these investigation were performed. The experiments were carried out on three types of electrodes at voltages of 20 - 50 kV and pulse durations from units to hundreds of microseconds. The article presents the combined results of optical and oscillographic studies. It is shown that the cause of the formation of spark channels during the nonlinear spreading of the pulsed current in the soil, when there is a sharp decrease in the grounding resistance, is the ionization-overheating instability that occurs when the current density on the electrode is greater than the critical one. The development of instability leads to an inhomogeneous current distribution and the appearance of spark channels. On the basis of experimental data, the current-voltage characteristics of the electrodes are obtained.
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Filik, Kamil, Grzegorz Karnas, Grzegorz Masłowski, Mariusz Oleksy, Rafał Oliwa, and Katarzyna Bulanda. "Testing of Conductive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Current Impulses Simulating Lightning Effects." Energies 14, no. 23 (2021): 7899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237899.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are lightweight and an increasingly used material with good mechanical properties. In the aviation industry, they are also required to have specific electrical properties that guarantee resistance to the direct and indirect lightning effects. The paper is focused on the description of a test stand and development of a method used to determine the electrical characteristics of conductive CFRP laminate samples with the use of high current impulses of lightning nature. Samples of three laminates (square format with side 30 × 30 cm) with a different composition were tested on the constructed stand, confirming the possibility of characterizing this type of laminate sample in terms of electrical conductivity and resistance to the effects of lightning current. It was possible to observe the impulse current flow (with a peak value up to 15 kA and a rise time above 6 µs) from the high voltage electrode placed in the center of the sample in all directions towards the edge. The optical fiber measuring system was used to record the voltage and current time waveforms. The energy stored in the impulse current generator was sufficient to simulate the mechanical damage, such as burnout and delamination, that accompanies the direct lightning strike to structural elements made of CFRP. The influence of the matrix composition used for laminate fabrication on the test results describing the electrical properties of the tested CFRP samples was noted. The experimental setup allows the testing of specimens with a maximum width and length of 50 × 50 cm and any thickness with a peak current of up to 50 kA.
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Wakasa, Sachi A., Seisuke Nishimura, Hiroyuki Shimizu, and Yukinori Matsukura. "Does lightning destroy rocks?: Results from a laboratory lightning experiment using an impulse high-current generator." Geomorphology 161-162 (August 2012): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.04.005.
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Kanjanavirojkul, Parit, Nguyen Ngoc Mai-Khanh, Tetsuya Iizuka, Toru Nakura, and Kunihiro Asada. "Analysis and design of impulse signal generator based on current-mode excitation and transmission line resonator." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 97, no. 3 (2018): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-018-1236-z.
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Pan, Honggang, Yunshi Wu, Zhiyuan Pang, Yanming Fu, and Tianyu Zhao. "Shafting Torsional Vibration Analysis of 1000 MW Unit under Electrical Short-Circuit Fault." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (2021): 9205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199205.
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Taking a 1000 MW turbine generator as the research object, the short-circuit fault in electrical disturbance is analyzed. Since it is very difficult to carry out fault analysis experiments and research on actual systems, simulation analysis is one of the more effective means of electrical fault diagnosis; the simulation’s results approach the actual behavior of the system and are ideal tools for power system analysis, and can provide an empirical basis for practical applications. The short-circuit fault model of the SIMULINK power system is built to analyze the two types of faults of generator terminals short-circuit and power grid short-circuit. The impact load spectrum, fault current and speed fluctuation between low-voltage rotors were extracted and analyzed. The conclusion is that the impact value of electromagnetic torque at the generator terminal is greater than that on the power grid side. The impact value of a two-phase short-circuit at the generator terminal is the largest, and that of a three-phase short-circuit on the power grid side is the smallest. The transient impulse current of a three-phase short-circuit at any fault point is greater than that of a two-phase short-circuit; the impulse current of the grid side short-circuit is much greater than that of the generator terminal short-circuit; the speed fluctuation and fluctuation difference caused by the three-phase short-circuit in the grid side are the largest. The alternating frequency of the transient electromagnetic force of the four kinds of faults avoids the natural frequency of the torsional vibration of the shaft system, and the torsional resonance of the shaft system in the time domain of the short-circuit fault will not appear. However, after the fault is removed, the residual small fluctuation torque in the system has a potential impact on the rotor system. This research shows an analysis of the structural integrity and safe operation of turbine generator units after a short-circuit fault, which can not only be applied to engineering practice, but also provide a theoretical basis for subsequent research.
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YAMASHITA, Shinichiro, Isamu OHSAWA, and Jun TAKAHASHI. "Study on Fracture Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics under Artificial Lightning Strike by Impulse Current Generator." Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials 40, no. 1 (2014): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6089/jscm.40.17.
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Angga Tata Pradana, I. Putu, Cok Gede Indra Partha, and I. Gusti Ngurah Janardana. "PERANCANGAN PROTOTYPE PLTSA DENGAN TURBIN IMPULS SATU TINGKAT." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 10, no. 4 (2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2023.v10.i04.p6.
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Garbage is a very serious problem in the coastal areas of the beaches in Bali, the management of waste sent from the sea is not maximized. One alternative way of managing waste is using a waste power plant (PLTSa) that can generate electricity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of current, torque and power on the PLTSa prototype by designing a single stage impulse turbine, the method used in this study was descriptive quantitative. Tests on the PLTSa prototype used a single-stage impulse turbine with a runner diameter of 44 cm and a total of 75 turbine blades. This prototype uses a nozzle with a nozzle diameter of 6mm and a boiler from a 13.6 Kg freon gas cylinder with a boiler output steam of 3 bar and a water capacity of 9 liters to get the highest average turbine rotation of 1470 rpm and the highest generator rotation of 2460, so that at single stage impulse turbine gets the highest voltage of 16.44 Volts, the highest current of 2.28 Amperes and the highest output power of 23.32 Watt with a torque of 0.18 Nm so this prototype has an efficiency of 11.1%.
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Galiullin, Rustam R., and Viktor I. Potapov. "The low power diesel-generator unit with electronically controlled fuel injection." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 16, no. 2 (2023): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-106005.
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BACKGROUND: Diesel engines, used in generator units, primarily operate in variable loading conditions. Therefore, their technical and economic performance generally deteriorate when the load decreases. It arises from the diesel engine fuel system feature, where pressure and quantity of the fuel, injected into a cylinder, reduces with the load decreasing. As a result, the injection becomes sluggish, the quality of mixing process and combustion becomes worse.
 AIMS: Improvement of effective indicators of the diesel-generator units with electronically controlled fuel injection.
 METHODS: Adjustment of operation modes of the diesel engine of the electrical power unit carried out with use of electronically controlled Denso solenoid, connected to the high-pressure fuel pump via an adapter.
 RESULTS: Results of the motor testing of the low power diesel-generator unit with electronically controlled fuel feed system are described in the article. The oscillograph charts of valve displacement and solenoid magnet winding current, presented in the article, confirm its operation efficiency. Sharp decrease in boost current at the stage of valve lift can be explained by onset of back EMF. Stable solenoid operation at diesel operation velocity of 30003100 min-1 is achieved by means of boost impulse supply to its winding. The boost impulse is supplied from a voltage upconverter and generated by discharge of preliminary charged booster capacitor.
 CONCLUSIONS: Separated fuel feed adjustment in each high-pressure pump section made possible to reduce intersectional fuel feed irregularity to zero. Significant fuel consumption reduction was revealed with the motor testing of the low power diesel-generator unit with electronically controlled fuel feed system (the reduction reaches 10% on low loading operation modes). As mentioned by authors, transition to electronic control of operation modes of diesel engines of autonomous electrical power units does not require major engine design change only to dismantle a mechanical controller and to set an adapter with electronically controlled bypass valve at a section of the high-pressure fuel pump. Electronic control unit supplies current to the valve. For autonomous electrical power units, transition to this control method can be done in typical repair workshop conditions, and an update of one unit (e.g. the KIPOR KDE19AE3) costs 13 950 rubles. By doing so, one electrical power unit may save up to 1191 liters of fuel and more than 63.96 thousands rubles at a cost of 53.7 rubles per liter.
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Karthikeyan, R., K. Vijayakumar, and R. Arumugam. "Soft Magnetic Composite Switched Reluctance Generator - Fabrication and Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5516.
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The main objective of this paper is to investigate the suitability of Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) material SOMOLOY1000 for a Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) through electromagnetic, thermal and vibration characteristics employing extensive Finite Element Analysis. The fabrication aspects of Soft Magnetic Composite Switched Reluctance Generator (SMC-SRG) using preform material blanks utilizing indigenous machining process have been delineated. The static and transient electromagnetic characteristics have been obtained through the electromagnetic finite element analysis software MagNet6.22.1 while the thermal and vibration aspects have been studied through coupled field Finite Element Analysis employing the multi physics software ANSYS10 while the Impulse hammers excitation - free vibration test using RT Pro Photon data acquisition system facilitated the experimental determination of vibration characteristics. The study concludes that the advantages of less weight , low torque ripple, low eddy current losses, reduction in vibration level of stator structure coupled with the ability to maintain precise mechanical dimensional tolerance may present SMC-SRG a viable candidate in standalone wind energy conversion systems meant for rural and remote area electrification scheme.
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Ivo Uglešić, Miroslav Křepela, and Viktor Milardić. "Solving EMC problems in the design of new HV test laboratory." Journal of Energy - Energija 59, no. 1-4 (2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2010591-4281.
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The paper deals with solving electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems in the design of a new, case study, industrial high voltage test laboratory, intended to be used for testing of transformers and other apparatus up to 550 kV rated voltage. Modern high voltage test facilities are equipped, apart from primary test devices like AC, DC and impulse voltage generators etc., also with sophisticated numerical measuring instruments and informatics technology. Since such devices are sensitive to transient overvoltages, the highest degree of EMC is to be secured. This can be achieved by proper earthing and screening of test laboratory, what shall be designed in a way to satisfy all requirements conditioned by building lightning protection, personal protection and system earthing, avoiding electromagnetic compatibility disturbances at the same time. One of the main tasks is solving electromagnetic compatibility problems caused by outdoor electromagnetic disturbances originating from various unknown sources. Those disturbances and interferences may seriously influence measuring accuracy and readings of test devices, what consequently leads to false results. The stated is especially relating to partial discharge measurements. As to avoid such disturbances, the laboratory shall be completely screened with a net forming optimally designed Faraday cage. On the other hand, at high voltage tests with impulse voltages, especially with chopped tail waves, steep transient overvoltages may be generated. As a consequence, high transient potential differences between particular points along the earth electrode may occur, what can even lead to flashovers between parts of it. Therefore is of utmost importance to provide proper earthing and low inductance current return path for impulse high voltage test equipment where high frequency transients are to be anticipated. Improper earthing and bonding may result, apart from mentioned flashovers, in severe induced voltages in secondary cables with consequential influence on test results, possible destruction of measuring instruments and hazardous touch voltages for personnel. For analyzing transient potential differences, it is important to model, with maximum accuracy, impulse test circuit (impulse generator, chopping spark gap, voltage divider, Faraday cage, fundament earth electrode, earthing strips, earthing rods etc.). Magnitude of transient potential difference between particular points is proportional to earth electrode inductance, i.e. low inductance of earth electrode will result in decrease of transient potential difference.
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Predus, M. F., C. M. Muscai, C. Popescu, and C. Hatiegan. "The importance of the metal reinforcement of low voltage cables in the process of identifying defects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2540, no. 1 (2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2540/1/012011.
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Abstract Regarding the identification of defect in the electrical energy cables, in exploatation, usual or high-performance methods are used, based in particular on the phenomenon of reflection and refraction of the impulse transmitted in the cable, phenomenon generated by the impedance change at the defect location. In order to identify the defect, an important role is played by the existence of a current path on the cable route between the ends of the electrical cable and the place where the defect occurred. In the case of low voltage cables, there are situations where, following the sleeve process the continuity of the mechanical protection armature of the steel strip or the copper screen has not been restored. To measure the distance to the defect location, location equipment uses low and high voltage pulses which moves to the defect site with a certain speed and which is repeated after a selected time interval. These impulses are transmitted to the location of the defect at one end of the cable, through the circuit generated by the short circuit between the faulted conductor and the metal armature, which is usually found at ground potential. At the same time, there is situations where the defect is difficult to identify precisely because of the continuity of the reinforcement or screen and their connection to ground potential. This paper describes the stages of fault identification in a low-voltage power cable and presents a case study that highlights the importance of the metal reinforcement in the case of the high-voltage impulse method. Ways to detect defects using the arc reflected method (ARM) using the shock wave generator as well as the inductive method are also briefly presented.
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Paophan, Busayapol, Anantawat Kunakorn, Peerawut Yutthagowith, and Kazuo Yamamoto. "Frequency Response Characteristics of Rogowski Coil with Active Integrator for Lightning Measurement." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 18, no. 1 (2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2020181.218885.
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This paper presents frequency response characteristics of a Rogowski coil which is developed with an active integrator. Experiments are performed in a laboratory with a frequency function generator as a source. The frequency responses of the Rogowski coil and the integrator are recorded with both magnitude and phase in order to verify the capability in measuring lightning current waveshapes. For availability in lightning current measurement in the electrical system, the developed Rogowski coil is specifically designed as a clamp on device. The standard lightning current waveshape of the first positive impulse (10/350μs) is simulated to investigate the measuring system. It is found that the frequency bandwidth of the Rogowski coil with the integrator developed in this paper is proper in lightning current measurement.
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Lu, Hao, Yuhang Chen, Hongchang Li, Chuanxiao Zheng, and Heng Hu. "Experimental Study on The Performance of External Open-Circuit Failure Gas Discharge Tubes under Power-Frequency Follow Currents." Electronics 13, no. 1 (2023): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13010165.
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A short-circuit fault in the gas discharge tube (GDT) is one of the latent hazards of electrical equipment. It may cause the ignition of electrical equipment. Therefore, based on the existing GDT, an improved external open-circuit failure gas discharge tube (EOFGDT) which can remove short-circuit (SC) failure is presented in this paper, and its structure and working mechanisms are introduced. This EOFGDT can utilize the combustion and heat transfer of continuous arcs due to SC failures to increase the temperature of its end electrode, so as to induce a solder joint failure, by which the elastic sheet on the solder joint becomes disconnected from the end electrode, forming an external gap that reduces the rising speed and amplitude of the recovery voltage across the arc gap, and eventually forms an open circuit (OC) within the structure. The EOFGDT SC condition was simulated and a test of the EOFGDT ability to remove SC faults by using an 8/20 µs impulse current generator coupled with a power-frequency power supply test bed was conducted. The experimental results show that the magnitude of the SC follow currents, power-frequency voltages, and the impulse currents are positively correlated to the OC response time, which is greatly affected by the power-frequency follow currents. When the SC current reaches 30 A, the EOFGDT OC response time is about 350 ms. The experimental waveform is consistent with the screen result of the OC response time of the EOFGDT, which proves the effectiveness of EOFGDTs for the inhibition of SC follow-current failures.
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Xu, Bo Qiang, and Shu Yi Zhang. "No-Load Grid Connection Control Strategy of Double-Fed Induction Generator in Wind Power Generation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.325.
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A control strategy and implement method for the no-load cutting-in of double-fed induction generator in power system are introduced. The paper analyze the basal principle of DFIG under no-load condition, and build the correspondent mathematical model. Then according to the model, the paper propose a control strategy on the basis of magnetic flux linkage vector orientation control. Using simulation software set up a simulation model. The result of simulation showed that: the no-load grid connection control strategy can effectively keep the stator voltage track the time-varing grid voltage. At the interconnection instant, the impulse current is almost zero, thus the soft cutting-in of DFIG is well realized.
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Wijono, Maulana Eka, Darmawan Putra Dony, and Djuriatno Waru. "Plasma generator: design of six stage cockcroft-walton voltage multiplier 12 kV for impulse voltage generation." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 17, no. 4 (2019): 1890–97. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v17i4.11828.
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Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier is a voltage booster circuit with an array of series-connected only diodes and capacitors. In this research, voltage multiplier is designed to generate voltage up to 12 kV that the modified 6-stage constructed generator. It is designed as circuit charger of storage capacitor (CS) to generate combination wave impulse application which following standard those set in IEC (International Electrotecnical Commission) 61000-4-5 class 4. CS should be charged up to 4 kV according this standard. High impulse voltage and current works repeatedly in a short time, so the charging system is expected to reach targeted voltage within a maximum time of 10 seconds. Besides charging is also required to design of circuit discharger for discharging electric charge inside the CS. It is expected to reach 0 kV within a maximum time of 15 seconds with overdamped technique. There are three results of the research projects such as output voltage of CW voltage multiplier before connecting CS, charging time of CS, and discharging time of CS. The result showed that CW voltage multiplier can generate up to 12.01 kV on simulation and 11.9 kV on experiment. CS can be charged up to 4 kV in 9.8 seconds on simulation and 7.9 seconds on experiment. CS can be discharged in 14.2 seconds on simulation and 10 seconds on experiment. These results are in accordance with the expectation.
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Khatti, Naser, and Massoud Dousti. "A Low Phase Noise LC Quadrature VCO Using Impulse Shaping Based on Gaussian Pulse Generator." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 04 (2016): 1750067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500670.
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This paper presents a new tail current-shaping technique to improve the phase noise of an LC quadrature VCO (LC-QVCO) based on Gaussian pulse generator (GPG). The GPG makes a narrow pulse from oscillator sinusoidal output and injects it back to gates of tail transistors to reduce the root-mean-square (RMS) value of impulse sensitivity function (ISF) and to improve phase noise. It will be shown that by utilizing a GPG, total phase noise improvement will be as high as 6[Formula: see text]dB. The proposed circuit was designed and simulated by ADS simulator using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m TSMC RF CMOS design kit. The phase noise's at 3[Formula: see text]MHz frequency offset and carrier frequencies of 2.43[Formula: see text]GHz and 2.6[Formula: see text]GHz are –141[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz and –135[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz, respectively, while the total power consumption is 14[Formula: see text]mW under 1.8[Formula: see text]V supply voltage. Tuning range is from 2.43[Formula: see text]GHz to 2.6[Formula: see text]GHz. The figure of merit (FOM) values for the proposed LC-QVCO at 3[Formula: see text]MHz frequency offset are –187.6[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz and –182.3[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz for 2.43[Formula: see text]GHz and 2.6[Formula: see text]GHz carrier frequencies, respectively.
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Kossowski, Tomasz, and Łukasz Matuszewski. "Non-Real-Time Wireless System for Lightning Effect Measurements." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 4204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094204.
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This article presents the results of experimental tests of a measuring system dedicated to the study of lightning phenomena. A wireless non-real-time communication arrangement was used as a prototype to protect the system by overvoltage and electromagnetic noise generated by high-current pulses. All data were collected after analog-to-digital conversion in the RAM of the measuring probe and then transmitted to the recorder after the surge current disappeared. The current generator creates electromagnetic disturbances resulting from its work and those arising from the impulse generated at the output. The wireless measuring system ensures safe operation and avoids measurement disturbances by resigning from the physical connection of the probe and the recorder. The proposed solution enables simultaneous (synchronous) measurement at many points, regardless of the location (for convenient change of the measurement site without cables or optical fibers). Long battery life allows measurements in the laboratory or on the test site without a power source. High accuracy of the measured signal value was obtained thanks to the 16 bit resolution, and the device parameters can be remotely modified. The wireless connection guarantees the safety of people and equipment throughout the laboratory.
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Tang, Lingdi, Shouqi Yuan, Yue Tang, and Zhijun Gao. "Performance Characteristics in Runner of an Impulse Water Turbine with Splitter Blade." Processes 9, no. 2 (2021): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020303.
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The impulse water turbine is a promising energy conversion device that can be used as mechanical power or a micro hydro generator, and its application can effectively ease the current energy crisis. This paper aims to clarify the mechanism of liquid acting on runner blades, the hydraulic performance, and energy conversion characteristics in the runner domain of an impulse water turbine with a splitter blade by using experimental tests and numerical simulations. The runner was divided into seven areas along the flow direction, and the power variation in the runner domain was analyzed to reflect its energy conversion characteristics. The obtained results indicate that the critical area of the runner for doing the work is in the front half of the blades, while the rear area of the blades does relatively little work and even consumes the mechanical energy of the runner to produce negative work. The high energy area is concentrated in the flow passage facing the nozzle. The energy is gradually evenly distributed from the runner inlet to the runner outlet, and the negative energy caused by flow separation with high probability is gradually reduced. The clarification of the energy conversion performance is of great significance to improve the design of impulse water turbines.
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Suwartama Wijaya, I. Made, I. Wayan Arta Wijaya, and I. Gusti Ngurah Janardana. "PENGARUH VARIASI TEKANAN AIR TERHADAP PUTARAN TURBIN DAN DAYA OUTPUT YANG DIHASILKAN PROTOTYPE PLTMH MENGGUNAKAN TURBIN TURGO." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 9, no. 2 (2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2022.v09.i02.p20.
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Turgo turbine|is}one^type^of|impulse^turbine{that{is often used!in MHP (Microhydro Power Plant) which has a high head due to the sharp curvature of the blade. The case in turgo turbines is that{the|head!is?still)incorrect, because:this^type^of{turbine{uses*a!high(head-to<rotate^the^turbine runner. Based on what was{described, it!is^necessary!to”make|a prototype of PLTMH>using turgo turbines, in|”order{to(be)able:to”carry|out air pressure effect tests to obtain maximum output and efficiency in PLTMH using turgo turbines. The quantitative experimental method is carried out by calculating the primary data obtained. Prototype?testing|in]this{research used^various air!pressures, including 5 psi, 9 psi, 13 psi, 17 psi, 21 psi, and 25 psi. Based on the results of the study, increasing the*value*of^air^pressure given will cause MHP performance to continue to)increase.|The[maximum output!obtained!is?when^the!water^pressure^is the greatest which is 25 psi which|produces:a|turbine rotation of 838 rpm|before being|coupled with a DC generator and 672.6 rpm after being coupled with a generator, the rotation of the generator is 938.4 rpm, generator. voltage is 8.55 volts, and generator current is 1.044 Ampere, Generator Power 8.93 Watt, Torque 0.127 Nm with turbine efficiency 1.08%.
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Zhu, Jian-hong, Pengkun Zhang, Xinsong Zhang, Lin Qin, Chengxiang Sun, and Han Li. "Model Predictive Control on Transient Flux Linkage and Reactive Power Compensation of Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generator." International Journal of Energy Research 2024 (March 5, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6648691.
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For weak grid scenario with high new energy proportion, large fluctuations of load are prone to cause low-voltage ride through. Moreover, stator transient magnetic flux will cause overvoltage and overcurrent problems in the rotor of doubly fed induction generator. Based on model predictive control, a control strategy for transient flux linkage and reactive power compensation is proposed. Firstly, regarding the issue of reactive power allocation of grid side converters (GSC) and rotor side converters (RSC), an allocation strategy is derived under minimizing winding energy loss on case of low-voltage ride through, enabling the wind energy conversion system to provide reactive power support during grid voltage recovery process. Meanwhile, an improved mixed second- and third-order generalized integrator (MSTOGI) phase-locked loop (PLL) is used to extract the positive and negative sequence components of the power grid voltage, further for RSC control. Secondly, in response to power grid faults, considering the influence of stator DC transient flux and negative sequence flux components on rotor current, by injecting rotor transient compensation current and stator flux feedforward compensation into RSC, the rotor impulse voltage and loop current are reduced. Moreover, combined with model predictive control algorithm, a control strategy of rotor current is designed. Finally, a simulation platform is built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method based on comparing with several traditional vector control low-voltage ride through methods.
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Pandwa Putra, Ida Bagus Made, I. Wayan Arta Wijaya, and I. Gusti Ngurah Janardana. "PENGARUH PERUBAHAN JUMLAH SUDU TURBIN TURGO TERHADAP DAYA OUTPUT PADA PROTOTYPE PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO (PLTMH)." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 9, no. 3 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2022.v09.i03.p1.
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The increase in demand for electrical energy in Indonesia causes a reduction in conventional fuel reserves. This situation forces people to look for alternative energy sources or commonly callednew and renewable energy (RE). Seeing the geographical condition of the environment in Indonesiawhich has the potential for the development of electrical energy by utilizing the flow of water, it iscalled a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH). In implementing MHP, one type of impulse turbine canbe used, namely the Turgo turbine. This study focused on knowing the effect of variations in thenumber of blades on a turgo turbine on rotational speed, torque, voltage, current and power producedby PLTMH using a Turgo turbine, with variations in the number of blades used, namely 18,16,14,9,8,and 7 blades. The method used in this research is quantitative experimental, all combinations ofparameters tested get the result that the highest output characteristic value occurs using a runnerwith a number of 18 blades, where the voltage, current, and output power are 8.30 Volts, 0, 88Ampere, and 7.27 Watt. The fastest turbine rotation results are 782.8 rpm before being connected toa generator and 565.4 rpm after being connected to a generator, while the generator rotation resultsare 1062.4 rpm. The highest torque produced is 0.1Nm, the maximum efficiency obtained at therunner blade variation is 18 blades, which is 1.1%.
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Yun, Soohyun, та Joonsung Bae. "A Sinusoidal Current Generator IC with 0.04% THD for Bio-Impedance Spectroscopy Using a Digital ΔΣ Modulator and FIR Filter". Electronics 13, № 22 (2024): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13224450.
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This paper presents a highly efficient, low-power, compact mixed-signal sinusoidal current generator (CG) integrated circuit (IC) designed for bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) with low total harmonic distortion (THD). The proposed system employs a 9-bit sine wave lookup table (LUT) which is simplified to a 4-bit data stream through a third-order digital delta–sigma modulator (ΔΣM). Unlike conventional analog low-pass filters (LPF), which statically limit bandwidth, the finite impulse response (FIR) filter attenuates high-frequency noise according to the operating frequency, allowing the frequency range of the sinusoidal signal to vary. Additionally, the output of the FIR filter is applied to a 6-bit capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) with data-weighted averaging (DWA), enabling dynamic capacitor matching and seamless interfacing. The sinusoidal CG IC, fabricated using a 65 nm CMOS process, produces a 5 μA amplitude and operates over a wide frequency range of 0.6 to 20 kHz. This highly synthesizable CG achieves a THD of 0.04%, consumes 19.2 μW of power, and occupies an area of 0.0798 mm2. These attributes make the CG IC highly suitable for compact, low-power bio-impedance applications.
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Nescoromniy, S., E. Strizhakov, and D. Minko. "Two-stage magnetic-elasto-pulse stamping of thin sheet parts." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 4 (2021): 042057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042057.
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Abstract The article substantiates the use of preliminary static loading and subsequent forging force when stamping thin sheet parts of complex shape with an elastic punch. The static load provides a relative deformation of the order of 20– 30% in the processing zone, which guarantees the stability of the position of the workpiece during subsequent pulsed loading. This technique is very important in the manufacture of asymmetric parts with a thickness of 0.01 – 0.3 mm. As a result, the accuracy of the products obtained corresponds to the 7th grade.The article provides a schematic diagram and a description of the proposed design of a double-action press, and analyzes the cyclogram of the device.It is recommended to carry out a static load with an electric drive, a pulsed one with a magnetic hammer, which is connected to a generator of impulse currents with a capacitive storage with an energy capacity of up to 40 kJ with a natural discharge frequency of the current of 20 kHz.
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VOEVODIN, Vadim V., Marina V. SOKOLOVA, Viktor R. SOLOV’YEV, and Nikolay Yu LYSOV. "The Influence of Barrier and Applied Voltage Parameters on the Impulse Surface Discharge Characteristics." Elektrichestvo 11, no. 11 (2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2020-11-17-27.
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The results from an experimental study of impulse surface discharge occurring in an electrode system containing a dielectric plate are presented. On one of its sides, the plate had a corona-producing electrode made of 50 mm thick copper foil grounded through a current shunt for measuring the discharge current. On its other side, the plate had a high-voltage electrode, to which the voltage from a pulse generator was applied. The article presents the results from measurements of the initial voltage and the sizes of the surface discharge area in air when applying single voltage pulses with different pulse front steepness in the range 0,1–3,4 kV/ms and amplitude in the range 7–15 kV. The measurements were carried out for different dielectric barrier materials with the e values from 2 to 35. The dielectric barrier thickness was 0,9–1,8 mm. The study results have shown that the initial surface discharge ignition voltage depends essentially on the voltage pulse parameters, whereas the barrier characteristics have a weaker effect on this voltage. It has been determined that the discharge has different discharge zone length and different structure depending on the dielectric barrier properties and applied voltage parameters. The streamer zone sizes decrease with increasing the barrier material e value at the same voltage pulse steepness and increase with increasing the steepness for each barrier material. The data obtained for a wide range of external conditions can be used in numerical modeling of discharge.
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Filik, Kamil, Sebastian Hajder, and Grzegorz Masłowski. "Multi-Stroke Lightning Interaction with Wiring Harness: Experimental Tests and Modelling." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082106.
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This paper presents the obtained results of experimental tests and modelling of lightning disturbances that were propagated in a model of aircraft cable bundle and caused by multiple lightning return-strokes interactions. The work is a continuation of previous research, which was concerned mainly with the interaction of lightning discharge with a single return-stroke. The section of the cable harness arranged above the metal plate was investigated. In one of its wires, a multiple-stroke current representing indirect lightning effects was injected from an impulse current generator dedicated to avionics immunity tests. Overvoltages induced at the ends of other wires surrounded by a braided shield, as well as the influence of line parameters and shield grounding condition on the shape and level of observed transients, were examined. The computer simulation results match the measurement data with satisfactory accuracy, and therefore, the presented model can be used to estimate indirect lightning effects in the wiring harness of avionics.
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Saiapina, Inna, Mykhailo Babaiev, and Olha Аnanіevа. "Reducing noise influence on an audio frequency track circuit." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929403015.
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In connection with electromagnetic interference influence on the track circuits, the purpose of the research is finding the means to increase the noise immunity of an audio frequency track circuit. The authors propose a new engineering solution, which enables reducing the effect of noises on the input of the track receiver in the intervals between signal current pulses. The proposed noise-immune audio frequency track circuit is based on inserting a delay line, an adjustable single-pulse generator and a controlled electronic switch into the existing audio frequency track circuit equipment. To analyze its efficiency, the operation of the audio frequency track circuit was simulated under conditions of traction current disturbances, impulse and fluctuation interferences with the known parameters. The results show that proposed device for railway transport allows to increase a signal-to-noise ratio on the track receiver input from 8% to 30%, depending on the interference parameters and the level of the useful signal.
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Saputra, I. Gusti Ngurah, Lie Jasa, and I. Wayan Arta Wijaya. "PENGARUH JUMLAH SUDU PADA PROTOTYPE PLTMH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TURBIN PELTON TERHADAP EFISIENSI YANG DIHASILKAN." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 7, no. 4 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2020.v07.i04.p21.
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Turbine is a component that plays an important role as an energy converter to be ableto generate electricity in the Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHP). The turbine used in this prototypeis a Pelton tubine. The Pelton turbine is a type of impulse turbine consisting of two blades as aprelude receiver for water jets from the nozzles by utilizing high water heads even though thewater discharge is small. This research will discuss the effect of the number of blades on therotation produced by the Pelton turbine and generator so that it can be seen the voltage,current, power produced that affects the torque value and efficiency obtained on the prototypeMHP. This study aims to obtain a turbine runner with the number of blades that can produce thehighest efficiency, then a variation of the pelton turbine runner is made with different number ofblade parameters from the runner with the number of blades according to the calculationobtained from the reference. Variations in the number of blades used are 14 blades, 16 blades,18 blades, 20 blades, and 22 blades. The results showed that the addition of the number ofblades starting from the smallest caused the performance of MHP to increase, the highestoutput obtained was using a turbine runner with a number of 22 blades which resulted in aturbine rotation of 852.2 rpm before the generator coupled and 497.2 rpm after coupling thegenerator. Generator rotation is 2133.8 rpm, Generator Voltage is 15.72 volts, Generator poweris 33.7 Watts and Torque is 0.6 Nm. The efficiency value using a runner with a number ofblades 22 is 4.54%. The resulting efficiency value is very low because the MHP prototype in generation is less effective and uses a small generation capacity DC generator, so it cannotgenerate power as much as hydraulic power.