Relevant bibliographies by topics / Impunity of the Agent

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Impunity of the Agent'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Impunity of the Agent"

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Michel, Verónica. "Institutional Design, Prosecutorial Independence, and Accountability: Lessons from the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG)." Laws 10, no. 3 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10030058.

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In 2007 the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala began working to support the work of the Public Prosecutor’s Office to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption. In this short article, I address three questions: What was the design of CICIG? What were its results? How did the institutional design contribute to the impact it had in Guatemala? To answer these questions, I first discuss the problem of impunity and provide an interdisciplinary review of the factors that impact when a state punishes crime. In the following section, I briefly explain the institutionalist framework that guides my analysis of the work of CICIG and explain the theoretical importance of institutional design in the functioning of prosecutorial organs. In the third section I describe the institutional design of CICIG, its impact, and its limitations. In this section I explain how key characteristics in its design made this international commission a creative solution against impunity in a context where prosecuting state agents for human rights violations or corruption was virtually impossible. I conclude this article highlighting some key lessons from CICIG on matters of institutional design.
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Cristina Rodrigues Silva, Laila, Fábio Ferreira Morong, and Celia dos Santos Silva. "A PERÍCIA FORENSE E A ANÁLISE DE VESTÍGIOS EM LOCAIS DE CRIME." Colloquium Socialis 2, Especial 2 (2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/cs.2018.v02.nesp2.s0262.

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The Forensic Expertise is responsible for preserving and analyzing the traces left in certain place, in reason of to a criminal practice. It’s essential, because that traces could be the only have elements for the solution of the crime practiced, with identification of the agent and the details of the execution of that crime. Intended-it to demonstrate the importance of the Expertise Forensic, in the investigation and elucidation of crimes, analyzing your relevance and, highlighting the responsibility and attributions, of the technical expert report , as well as discussing the larger interests of the community, with a resolution of crimes, preventing the impunity. The research applied was the legal deductive with the analysis of the doctrine, national legislation and jurisprudence pertaining to the subject. It’s concluded that the realization of Forensic Expertise provides grants for a fair trial, thus guaranteeing justice, peace and social order
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Lessa, Francesca, Tricia D. Olsen, Leigh A. Payne, Gabriel Pereira, and Andrew G. Reiter. "Persistent or Eroding Impunity? The Divergent Effects of Legal Challenges to Amnesty Laws for Past Human Rights Violations." Israel Law Review 47, no. 1 (2014): 105–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223713000289.

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Transitional countries have struggled to overcome impunity for human rights violations committed by past authoritarian regimes. While some scholars have hailed the emergence of a ‘justice cascade’, a ‘justice revolution’, and an ‘age of accountability’, our research highlights the persistence of amnesty laws despite efforts to erode them. This article examines 63 amnesties for human rights violations committed by state agents that were enacted in 34 transitional countries from 1970 to 2011, and the 161 challenges that endeavoured to undermine the power of these laws.We find significant variation in the outcome of challenges. While some lead to the removal or weakening of amnesty laws, others validate them. We explain the variation using an explanatory model that focuses on the characteristics of four actors: civil society, international governmental and non-governmental agencies, domestic executives and judicial leaders. Time also plays a conditioning role in our framework. We illustrate our argument by presenting emblematic country case studies. We conclude that even when amnesty laws are displaced or eroded, impunity tends to persist in some form.
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Frost-Arnold, Karen. "TRUSTWORTHINESS AND TRUTH: THE EPISTEMIC PITFALLS OF INTERNET ACCOUNTABILITY." Episteme 11, no. 1 (2013): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2013.43.

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AbstractSince anonymous agents can spread misinformation with impunity, many people advocate for greater accountability for internet speech. This paper provides a veritistic argument that accountability mechanisms can cause significant epistemic problems for internet encyclopedias and social media communities. I show that accountability mechanisms can undermine both the dissemination of true beliefs and the detection of error. Drawing on social psychology and behavioral economics, I suggest alternative mechanisms for increasing the trustworthiness of internet communication.
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Wan, Kam-Ming. "Managerial compensation when managers are principals." Corporate Ownership and Control 1, no. 2 (2003): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv1i2p9.

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Prior research has used the principal-agent framework to examine managerial compensation. However, in a number of corporations, managers own enough of their firms’ voting rights to be able to decide with relative impunity how they will be compensated. In a real sense, they are the principals. Using a sample of the largest U.S. corporations, I examine the compensation of such CEOs to see if they are paid more than other CEOs. My overall results provide no support that such CEOs are paid more in cash compensation as well as all forms of direct compensation. The only exception is in some smaller firms, where CEOs are paid more in total compensation when management controls enough of the company’s stock. However, such firms constitute a tiny fraction of the sample firms. For dual-class firms and firms where CEOs control enough of the company’s stock, I find no evidence that such CEOs are paid more.
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Sedacca, Natalie. "The ‘turn’ to Criminal Justice in Human Rights Law: An Analysis in the Context of the 2016 Colombian Peace Agreement." Human Rights Law Review 19, no. 2 (2019): 315–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngz011.

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Abstract This article discusses the turn to a focus on criminal prosecution and custodial sentencing in international human rights law. Although it shares the concerns of many critics of the ‘turn’, it does not reject the orientation outright, arguing instead for the role of criminal justice to be seen holistically, encompassing proper consideration of the varied aims it can pursue and be geared towards countering inherent discrimination in criminal justice systems. The analysis is situated in the context of the 2016 peace agreement in Colombia and the attitude taken by human rights groups towards its transitional justice provisions, noting that criticisms raised by one prominent human rights group converged with a campaign against the agreement centred on a right-wing politician hostile to human rights, equality and redistribution. In light of the nuanced views of local civil society actors, it questions whether anti-impunity specifically requires custodial punishment for all international crimes, before assessing the benefits and drawbacks of individual accountability through trials. Finally, it discusses obstacles to the prosecution of powerful state agents and the relationship of the anti-impunity drive with state power.
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MALEM SEÑA, Jorge Francisco. "La corrupción. Algunas consideraciones conceptuales y contextuales." RVAP 104-II, no. 104-II (April 29, 2016): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.104.2016.2.01.

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LABURPENA: Ustelkeria fenomeno unibertsala da. Herrialde, aro, sistema juridiko-politiko eta jarduera publiko edo pribatu guztietara hedatu da. Hala ere, eremu zehatz batzuk direla-eta, ustelkeria errazago hedatzen da planetako zenbait tokitan beste batzuetan baino. Azalpen ona izan daiteke ustelkeria tresna bat dela helburu politiko, ekonomi edo sozial batzuk lortzeko. Esangura horretan, ustelkeria erabiltzea agente ustelaren erabaki arrazionala da. Hori dela eta, elite politikoek eta gizarteak, orokorrean, ez dute beti ustelkeria gaitzetsi. Lan honetan, ustelkeria pizten den hamar testuinguru aztertu dira. Eszenatoki horiek guztiak honelaxe laburbil daitezke: zigorgabetasuna. Zuzenbidea ez denean eragingarria, ustelkeria loratzen da. Ustelkeria politikoa ustelkeriaren eta zigorgabetasunaren aurrean erakutsitako adierazpen bat baino ez da. Zigorgabetasuna amaitzea giza lazeria horri aurre egiteko forma bat da. RESUMEN: La corrupción es un fenómeno universal. Ha atravesado todos los países, todas las épocas, todos los sistemas jurídico-políticos y cualquier actividad pública o privada. A pesar de ello existen ámbitos que provocan que la corrupción se expanda más en algunas zonas del planeta que en otra. Una explicación plausible es que la corrupción juega un papel instrumental para alcanzar determinados fines políticos, económicos o sociales. En ese sentido su uso se corresponde con una decisión racional del agente corrupto. Por ese motivo, las actitudes frente a la corrupción no han sido siempre de rechazo, ni por parte de las élites políticas, ni por parte de la ciudadanía en general. En este trabajo se analiza diez contextos donde se incentiva la corrupción. Estos escenarios pueden resumirse en un único término: impunidad. Cuando el derecho es ineficaz florece la corrupción. La corrupción política es una manifestación más de las actitudes frente a la corrupción y de la ineficacia punitiva. Acabar con la impunidad supone una de las formas de oponerse a esta calamidad humana. ABSTRACT: Corruption is a global phenomenon. It has been experienced by all countries at all times, in any political-legal system and any public or private activity. In spite of this, there are fields that provoke the expansion of corruption to some areas of the world more than others. A plausible explanation would be that corruption plays an instrumental part for the purpose of achieving some political, economic or social aims. In that regard, its usage corresponds with a rational decision by a corrupt agent. That is why the attitudes towards corruption have not always been of rejection not by political elites not by citizenship in general. We analyze in this work ten contexts where corruption is stimulated. These scenarios can be summarized in a single term: impunity. When law is ineffective, corruption thrives. Political corruption is another manifestation of the attitudes towards corruption and of the punitive ineffectiveness. Erradicating impunity is one of the forms of opposition against this human calamity.
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Rodriguez, Roberto. "Fighting Law Enforcement Brutality While Living with Trauma in a World of Impunity." Genealogy 2, no. 4 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2040056.

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By all rights, I should be dead. Not once, but a number of times. On 23 March 1979, as a 24-year-old, I witnessed and photographed the brutal beating of a young man in a sarape by some 10–12 Sheriff’s deputies on Whittier Blvd in East Los Angeles. In turn, the deputies turned on me with their riot sticks cracked my skull, and sent me to the hospital, charging me with attempting to kill 4 of the deputies. On my arrest report, it stated that I was the leader of a gang of 10–15 Mexicans. With active death threats from the original Sheriff’s deputies that drove to the jail war of the LA County Hospital, I was subsequently arrested/detained some 60 additional times, primarily by Sheriff’s deputies and LAPD officers. By the end of the year, the criminal charges were dropped and 6 years after that, I emerged victorious in a lawsuit. That was a generation ago. No. That was at least two generations ago. I healed long ago from PTSD, though the brutality I witnessed and lived continues to reside within me, intergenerationally. This defies explanation. I am healed, yet the trauma continues to live within my body, even some 40 years after the fact. My life thereafter has been dedicated to the elimination not only of this brutality, but also a trauma that I can literally trace to 1492 on this continent through my studies on this topic. How do the red-black-brown communities of this nation heal when that brutality and that memory have always been present intergenerationally and are not going away anytime soon? I want to explore the tension between fighting for the elimination of law enforcement abuse and living with that intergenerational trauma. The subtext of [anti-indigenous] racial profiling as used against Mexicans in this society, from police to immigration agents to the media, will be examined in this first-person article. How the survivors of this brutality and their families, who have lost loved ones and who fight against this brutality live with these traumas—particularly with the knowledge that as a result of impunity, there is no end in sight to this brutality—will also be examined.
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Jilkin, V. A. "Unfounded Accusations against Russia with «High Probability» in the Skripal Case as a Gross Violation of the Supremacy of Law." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 2 (2018): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18417.

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The British accusing Russia of the use of the binary-type neuro-paralytic agent in «Skripal case» has resulted in publication by the British media of declassified materials and documents about the experiments on people in Porton Down secret laboratory from 1945, about the experiments in the 1960s on dispersal of bacteria in London Tube and in tunnels under Whitehall government buildings, as well as diffusion of military-destruction viruses and bacteria on the UK territory with the population of over one million people. The article analyzes the ethical and legal consequences of the British programme of biological and chemical warfare in the period between 1945 and 1989, on the basis of the declassified archives containing research materials on the biochemical weapons used over humans in Porton Down laboratory. The author refers to the materials of the hearings held at the British Parliament in 2005 and to the documented evidence of the victims of the secret military laboratory, as well as to the materials of experts in the sphere of medical ethics, British military experts and historians. The world faced the impunity on the part of the system of neglect of the international law, the international rules of conduct and the fundamentals of diplomacy. Accusing Russia of poisoning Russian citizens on the territory of the UK is considered as a violation of the principle of supremacy of law, of the right to fair trial, the presumption of innocence, which includes the right to collect evidence, access to primary and relevant evidence in accusation and inadmissibility of using unacceptable evidence.
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Niebuhr, Robert. "Enlarging Yugoslavia: Tito's Quest for Expansion, 1945–1948." European History Quarterly 47, no. 2 (2017): 284–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691416688174.

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When Yugoslav strongman Josip Broz Tito secured power at the end of the Second World War, he had envisioned for himself a new Yugoslavia that would serve as the center of power for the Balkan Peninsula. First, he worked to ensure a Yugoslav presence in the Trieste region of Italy and southern Austria as a way to gain territory inhabited by Slovenes and Croats; meanwhile, his other foreign policy escapades sought to make Yugoslavia into a major European power. To that end, Yugoslav agents quickly worked to synchronize the Albanian socio-economic and political systems through their support of Albanian Partisans and only grew emboldened over time. As allies who proved themselves in the fight against fascism, Yugoslav policymakers felt able to act with impunity throughout the early post-Cold War period. The goal of this article is to highlight this early foreign policy by focusing on three case studies – Trieste, Carinthia, and Albania – as part of an effort to reinforce the established argument over Tito's quest for power in the early Cold War period.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impunity of the Agent"

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Talebpour, Mansour. "Impunity and the International Criminal Court (ICC)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/15620/.

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De, la Barreda Solórzano Luis. "Temporary custody; Criminality; Human rights; Impunity; Torture." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117575.

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This article is about a pair of factors that cause the distress that can be observed within the mexican society: the overflowed criminality and the impunity, by virtue of which the State is not fullfiling its essential historical duty: to provide an aceptable level of public security. This has two sources that complement each other. One is the sensation we get when we face an unpredictable threat. It is caused by crime. The other is defencelessness or knowing that we can only rely in our own strength because there is no one willing to protect or assist us.<br>El artículo versa sobre el par de factores que provocan el malestar que se advierte en la sociedad mexicana: la criminalidad desbordada y la impunidad, en virtud de las cuales el Estado no está cumpliendo con su deber histórico fundamental: brindar un nivel aceptable de seguridad pública. Ésta tiene dos fuentes que se complementan entre sí. Una es la sensación que nace al enfrentarnos a un peligro imprevisible. Es suscitada por el crimen. La otra es la indefensión, o sea, el saber que sólo se cuenta con las propias fuerzas porque no hay nadie más dispuesto a protegernos o auxiliarnos.
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Kronick, Ilana. "Indulging with "impunity": Compensatory intentions and diet-breaking behaviour." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94936.

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The compensatory beliefs model proposes that when faced with temptation, people form intentions to behaviourally compensate for indulgence. Compensatory beliefs (CBs) are convictions that the consequences of engaging in an indulgent behaviour (eating cake) can be neutralized by the effects of another behaviour (skipping dinner). Compensatory intentions (CIs) are plans to compensate for indulgence that are based on the belief that compensatory behaviours can balance-out the effects of indulgence. I propose that compensatory thinking not only exists in dieters but that forming compensatory intentions results in both a decision to indulge and the act of indulging. The first manuscript shows that (1) dieters form compensatory intentions when experiencing the mental conflict of wanting to lose weight but also desiring to eat, and that (2) forming compensatory intentions results in the decision to indulge. These findings suggest that compensatory beliefs and intentions may be useful tools in helping predict whether or not dieters will adhere to their diets. Using experiential sampling methodology, the second manuscript shows that compensatory thinking contributes to the prediction of caloric intake. Implications of using CBs and CIs in weight loss scenarios are discussed, with particular emphasis on how they have been shown to be risky diet tools due to dieters' general failure to follow through with their intentions to compensate.<br>Le modèle de convictions compensateur propose que quand fait face avec la tentation, les gens forment des intentions de comportement compenser pour l'indulgence. Les convictions compensatrices sont des convictions que les conséquences de s'engager dans un comportement indulgent (mangeant le gâteau) peuvent être neutralisées par les effets d'un autre comportement (sautillant le dîner). Les intentions compensatrices sont des plans de compenser pour l'indulgence qui sont fondés sur la conviction que les comportements compensateurs peuvent équilibrer - des effets d'indulgence. Je propose que la réflexion compensatrice existe non seulement dans dieters, mais que la formation des intentions compensatrices s'ensuit tant dans une décision de céder que dans à l'acte du fait de céder. Le premier manuscrit montre (que 1) dieters forment des intentions compensatrices en connaissant le conflit mental du fait de vouloir maigrir, mais le fait de désirer aussi manger et (que 2) les intentions compensatrices se formant s'ensuivent dans la décision de céder. Ces conclusions suggèrent que les convictions compensatrices et les intentions peuvent être des instruments utiles dans l'aide prédisent si vraiment dieters adhérera à leurs régimes. En utilisant la méthodologie d'échantillonnage expérimentale, le deuxième manuscrit montre que la réflexion compensatrice contribue à la prédiction de consommation calorique. Les implications de former les intentions compensatrices dans les scénarios de perte de poids sont discutées, avec l'accentuation particulière sur comment les intentions compensatrices ont été montrées pour être des instruments de régime risqués en raison de l'échec général de dieter à l'achèvement avec leur intention de compenser.
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Golab, Matthew Evans. "Guatemala's Fight Against Criminal Impunity: CICIG, A Hybrid Approach." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146833.

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The focus of this paper is CICIG, la Comision Internacional Contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala). Established through an agreement between the United Nations and Guatemalan government in 2006, CICIG is the first commission of its kind, functioning as a hybrid effort in the battle against Guatemalan criminal impunity. This paper will provide an overview of the multi-faceted problem of impunity within Guatemala. This investigation will also examine CICIG's establishment, structure, and goals. Furthermore, this paper will discuss the encouraging results that CICIG has achieved in its first two years of work, while also addressing the challenges that the commission has encountered. Finally, this paper will examine the future implications of CICIG within Guatemala, and also the implications of a possible replication effort of a CICIG-type commission in a different society, beyond Guatemala.
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Muvumba, Sellström Angela. "Stronger than Justice : Armed Group Impunity for Sexual Violence." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-237114.

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What conditions lead to confidence among civil war combatants that they will not face accountability for perpetrating sexual violence? This study investigates the causes of impunity for sexual violence among armed actors. It develops a theoretical framework which identifies three explanations for armed group impunity for sexual violence, namely (1) flawed prohibitions inside an armed group; (2) negligent enforcement by its authorities; and (3) pardons in the form of amnesties during the peace process. Adopting a two-pronged approach, the study first explores the associations between amnesties arising from concluding peace agreements and post-settlement levels of sexual violence in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and South Africa. A small-scale, events-based dataset of sexual violence by governments and rebel groups in the first three years after war was constructed. The second and main part of the study is a comparison between two rebel groups in Burundi’s civil war (1994-2008), CNDD-FDD (National Council for the Defence of Democracy-Forces for the Defence of Democracy) and Palipehutu-FNL (Palipehutu-Forces for National Liberation) and their practices of prohibition and punishment of wartime sexual violence, taking into account also the possible influence of amnesties. Based on original data from 19 focus groups of ex-combatants from these rebel organisations, it is found that flawed prohibitions and negligent authorities are the main explanations for armed group impunity. The findings do not support amnesties as a cause of armed group impunity for sexual violence. Moreover, additional findings suggest that accountability for sexual violence is triggered by dependency on civilian support, while impunity is facilitated by an armed group’s ability to secure recruits, material and other resources without the help of local communities.
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Melvin, David J. "Ending impunity : establishing the legitimacy of the International Criminal Court." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1114.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Political Science
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Nichols, Lionel. "The International Criminal Court and the end of impunity in Kenya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:34eab158-f675-492a-b844-f9a74e1a6ce6.

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This thesis considers the extent to which the International Criminal Court's Office of the Prosecutor ('OTP') has been successful in realising its self-defined mandate of ending impunity in Kenya. In particular, it focuses on the OTP's attempts to encourage domestic investigations and prosecutions as part of its strategy of positive complementarity. This strategy has been hailed as being the best and perhaps the only way that the OTP may use its finite resources to make a significant contribution to ending impunity. Despite this, no empirical study has been published that evaluates the effectiveness of this strategy and the impact that it has on ending impunity in the targeted situation country. This thesis seeks to address this gap in the literature by conducting a case study on the OTP's implementation of its strategy of positive complementarity in Kenya following that country's post-election violence in 2007/08. In doing so, I also hope to make a modest contribution to existing debates over the effectiveness of the ICC as an institution as well as international criminal justice and transitional justice more generally.
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Lafond, Geneviève. "The market of impunity: Why is international law fit for the job?" Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97097.

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This paper aims to demonstrate that corporations can be prosecuted under international law for forcing people to work in sweatshops. Indeed, as corporations are subject of international law they are subjected to international norms and should respect them. There is an emerging consensus about holding corporations liable for their human rights abuses. Submitting people to sweatshops conditions is one of the many ways corporations infringe human rights. In the worst cases, sweatshops fit the modern definition of slavery and slave-like practices such as forced labour. Corporations ought to be prosecuted either domestically using universal jurisdiction or at an international level for using forced labour. In doing so, the international community would send a strong message that sweatshops are unacceptable and eliminating them would certainly help eradicating poverty.<br>Cet article veut démontrer que les compagnies peuvent être poursuivies en vertu du droit international lorsqu'elles forcent des gens à travailler dans des ateliers de misère. En effet, comme les compagnies sont des sujets du droit international, elles sont assujetties aux normes internationales et se doivent de les respecter. Il y a un consensus émergeant à propos de la responsabilité des compagnies pour leurs violations des droits humains. Soumettre des gens aux conditions de travail présentes dans les ateliers de misère constitue une forme d'abus des droits humains dont les compagnies sont responsables. Dans les cas extrêmes, les conditions dans les ateliers de misère correspondent aux définitions modernes d'esclavage et de pratiques s'apparentant à l'esclavage tel le travail forcé. Les compagnies devraient être poursuivies soit par les tribunaux nationaux sous la juridiction universelle ou au niveau international lorsqu'elles utilisent du travail forcé. De cette façon, la communauté internationale enverrait un message clair à l'effet que les ateliers de misère sont inacceptables et leur élimination aiderait certainement à enrayer la pauvreté.
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Evans, Stephen. "Victim inequality and offender impunity : the asymmetric outcomes of motor insurance fraud." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/victim-inequality-and-offender-impunity(21b058fd-1514-4b5e-9586-e544438318b5).html.

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This research examines whether the funding of IFED, a dedicated police unit, set up to deal exclusively with allegations of insurance fraud brought by those insurers providing the funding, has impacted the ability of non-insurer victims of insurance fraud to gain access to justice. The first stage of the research sought to identify and quantify the nature of fraud and its impact on both the insurance industry and on non-insurers. It included a desk-top review of the credit-hire sector, the local bus sector and large fleet-operators. The second stage involved a self-completion questionnaire to build econometric and experiential data from the credit-hire sector before effecting semi-structured interviews with twenty-nine witnesses working within or proximate to the area being investigated and conducting research and further interviews in respect of five case studies. An emergent theme was the use by the insurance industry of data, predominantly driven by uncorroborated estimates, that showed the industry to be impacted hugely by fraud, a conclusion that they had deployed to inspire a media and lobbying campaign to seek regulatory change protective of their business model whilst also gaining exclusive access to a dedicated police resource. Whilst no direct harm was reported by non-insurer victims because of the existence of IFED there was evidence of criminal offenders migrating to victims less capable of soliciting a police response and so gaming the system to gain impunity. The research posits an objective methodology for scoring the economic, societal or criminological validity of a privately-funded public-police initiatives with implications for future partnerships in other areas where business can contribute to the cost of law enforcement to assess whether enforcement success can feed directly through to the profit line but without inspiring victim inequality or offender impunity. Whilst the Police had, prior to the Fraud Review and the creation of IFED, demonstrated limited enthusiasm for investigating allegations of fraud, the creation of IFED, accompanied with the effects of austerity measures on policing, has had a meaningful and detrimental impact on the ability of certain non-insurers to deal with insurance fraud relative to the protection available to insurers. The identity of the victim made a difference. The partisan approach to a single victim-set may be contributing to the growth of insurance fraud facilitated by organised criminals and increasing the likelihood of impunity for offenders committing acquisitive vehicle offences involving the rental and credit-hire industries.
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Johnson, William. "A Critique of the International Anti-Corruption Debate: Lessons From El Salvador and Pakistan." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18518.

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Corruption is an age-old problem that affects every society, government, and institution. In recent decades it has received considerable attention from scholars, development experts, and global policy-makers, and anti-corruption reforms now exist in nearly every country in the world. Unfortunately, decades of research and activism have created a proliferation of data and policy prescriptions that continue to follow a set of narrow, misguided assumptions about the causes and consequences of this serious problem. This is a critique of the perspective that has dominated the international anti-corruption debate. Building upon comparative research conducted in El Salvador and Pakistan, this thesis sheds light on how these narrow-minded assumptions lead to misguided and ineffective anti-corruption efforts in two distinct regions of the world.
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Books on the topic "Impunity of the Agent"

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Impunity. NYQ Books, 2011.

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McCoy, Alfred W. Torture and impunity. The University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.

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Amnesty International. Guatemala, state of impunity. Amnesty International, USA, 1997.

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Talebpour, Mansour. Impunity and the International Criminal Court. SOAS, University of London, 2012.

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Marzuki, Suparman. Pengadilan HAM di Indonesia: Melanggengkan impunity. Erlangga, 2012.

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Abalos, Iñaki. Areas de impunidad =: Areas of impunity. Actar, 1997.

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Agent. Wydawn. "Świat Książki", 2012.

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Ending impunity and building justice in Afghanistan. Afghan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2003.

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Spinning the wheel against impunity in Kenya. Release Political Prisoners (RPP) Trust, 2008.

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Ziegler, Rani. Traveling with Impunity: Journey of the heart. Universal Pub., 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Impunity of the Agent"

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Akhavan, Payam. "Is Grassroots Justice a Viable Alternative to Impunity? The Case of the Iran People’s Tribunal." In Human Rights and Agents of Change in Iran. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8824-7_5.

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Boesten, Jelke. "Impunity." In Sexual Violence during War and Peace. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137383457_5.

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Sahu, Skylab. "Impunity assured and impunity snatched." In Gender, Violence and Governmentality. Routledge India, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003133131-3.

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Sussman, Henry. "With Impunity." In Freedom and Confinement in Modernity. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230118959_12.

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Kaiser, Susana. "Conversations about Impunity." In Postmemories of Terror. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403980229_6.

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Nichols, Lionel. "Culture of Impunity." In The International Criminal Court and the End of Impunity in Kenya. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10729-5_8.

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Lessa, Francesca. "Pacification or Impunity?" In Memory and Transitional Justice in Argentina and Uruguay. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269393_7.

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Koirala, Samiksha. "Practices of Self-Censorship Among Nepali Journalists." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1298-2.ch005.

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Although Nepal has entered a new era of democracy and press freedom since 2006, self-censorship still exists in the reporting/editing of many Nepali journalists. Nepal has more than 100 years of press history, most of it has faced pressure from the government if not censorship. Drawing upon interviews with journalists, the chapter demonstrates how self-censorship is being practised in Nepali media houses as a result of state power, the culture of impunity, commercial interests, and political inclination of journalists. While highlighting these agents, the chapter also aims to explain the difference in practices of self-censorship by gender and type of news media.
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Noorani, A. G. "Impunity." In Challenges to Civil Rights Guarantees in India. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198074144.003.0008.

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McCarthy, Conor. "Introduction." In Outlaws and Spies. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474455930.003.0001.

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While exclusion from law is often assumed to be an historical phenomenon, the discussion here argues that it is an enduring and important tactic of state power. Such exclusion can occur in two directions – exclusion above the law (as where the state licenses itself or its agents to act with impunity) or exclusion below the law (as where the state excludes an individual or group from the law's protection). This book concerns itself with both, and in doing so, offers readings from two bodies of literature in English not normally read in tandem – the literature of outlawry, and the literature of espionage. This Introduction briefly surveys some influential previous work in this area – in particular Eric Hobsbawm’s notion of the ‘social bandit’ and Giorgio Agamben’s idea of the homo sacer and his related study of the ‘state of exception’ – and sets out the argument to follow.
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Conference papers on the topic "Impunity of the Agent"

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AVILES, HERNANDO, TERESA DE J. RIVAS, MA ELVIA CHAVARRÍA, JORGE E. MUÑOZ S., and ÁNGEL DE J. JAIMES. "CIVIL RESISTANCE VS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPUNITY IN THE BAY OF PUERTO MARQUÉS, ACAPULCO, MEXICO." In SUSTAINABLE TOURISM 2018. WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st180071.

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Kar, Parijat Prosun, and Sandip Sen. "Agent teaching agent framework." In the second international joint conference. ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/860575.860779.

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Moulec, Gwendal Le, Ferran Argelaguet, Valérie Gouranton, Arnaud Blouin, and Bruno Arnaldi. "Agent." In VRST '17: 23rd ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3139131.3139152.

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Usbeck, Kyle, and Jacob Beal. "An agent framework for agent societies." In the compilation of the co-located workshops. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2095050.2095082.

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Chen, Jessie Y. C., and Michael J. Barnes. "Agent Transparency for Human-Agent Teaming Effectiveness." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2015.245.

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Harvey, Inman. "What Matters? Agent Concerns, Agent-designer Concerns." In The 2020 Conference on Artificial Life. MIT Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00241.

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Logie, Robert, Jon G. Hall, and Kevin G. Waugh. "Agent Influence and Nested Other-Agent Behaviour." In 2009 Computation World: Future Computing, Service Computation, Cognitive, Adaptive, Content, Patterns (COMPUTATIONWORLD). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/computationworld.2009.41.

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Nasir, L. H. M., K. Seman, and M. M. Saudi. "Agent Verification Protocol in Agent-Based IDS." In 2008 IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Workshops. CIT Workshops 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cit.2008.workshops.122.

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Payne, Terry R., Terri L. Lenox, Susan Hahn, Katia Sycara, and Michael Lewis. "Agent-based support for human/agent teams." In CHI '00 extended abstracts. ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/633292.633308.

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Brazier, F. M. T., B. J. Overeinder, M. van Steen, and N. J. E. Wijngaards. "Agent factory." In the 2002 ACM symposium. ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/508791.508811.

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Reports on the topic "Impunity of the Agent"

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Conley, Harry W. Not With Impunity: Assessing U.S. Policy for Retaliating to a Chemical or Biological Attack. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408805.

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Fong, Elizabeth, Nenad Ivezic, Rick Korchak, Yun Peng, and Thomas Rhodes. Agent technology:. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6858.

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Kassab, Lora L., and Jeffrey Voas. Agent Trustworthiness. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada465142.

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McDonald, Jeffrey T., Alec Yasinsac, Willard C. Thompson, and III. Mobile Agent Data Integrity Using Multi-Agent Architecture. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425102.

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Kramer, Mitch. IntelliResponse Virtual Agent. Patricia Seybold Group, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/pr05-10-13cc.

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Jansen, Wayne, and Tom Karygiannis. Mobile agent security. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-19.

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Deutsch, Stephen E. Intelligent Agent Feasibility Study. Volume 1: Agent-based System Technology. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada359612.

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Li, John, and Allan Terry. Agent Semantic Communication Services. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436115.

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Cybenko, George, and Daniella Rus. Agent-Based Systems Engineering. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440824.

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Lazarus, Richard. Agent-Based Configurable Testbed. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400611.

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