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1
Watt, J. A. "The Church and the Two Nations in Late Medieval Armagh (Presidential Address)." Studies in Church History 25 (1989): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400008573.
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Perhaps I can best introduce my paper, explain its nature and state my objective in writing it, by describing it as another step towards completing the second part of a study of which my book The Church and the Two Nations in Medieval Ireland was the first part.’ The study which concluded with the Statute of Kilkenny of 1366 needs extending chronologically by at least a century. More importantly, the nature of the analysis itself needs to be deepened. The ‘Two Nations’ book began with asking a fairly simple and limited question: what was the relationship of the ecclesiastical and civil powers within the English-settled parts of Ireland—in short, English law and the Irish Church. But it ended raising a more complex and more fundamental question about the overall effects on the Church of the establishment in Ireland of an English colony which was not coterminous with the country as a whole and whose strength and influence declined in the later middle ages. There may have been a more or less satisfactory answer in the book to the restricted question. There was, at best, no more than a tentative beginning to an answer to the more fundamental one.
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Nakamura, Lisa. "“Words with Friends”: Socially Networked Reading on Goodreads." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 1 (January 2013): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.1.238.
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Reading isn't what it was. As we enter the “late age of print,” E-Books are still less common than “P-Books” (printed books), but the balance is quickly changing, especially in the world of academic publishing (Striphas xii). While many lament the loss of the p-book's materiality, texts have become more lively as a result of digitization: textual-production platforms like blogging let writers and readers interact with each other and create intimate social relationships. As Kathleen Fitzpatrick found while writing her book Planned Obsolescence using CommentPress, an online platform that enables readers' commenting, writing can become a more social and creative process when done in dialogue with readers. This turn to the social in writing parallels a turn to the social in media generally. Thus, it makes sense to evaluate not how far our devices are taking us from paper—the answer is already pretty far—but rather how digital media are creating new social valences of reading.
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Sutriono, Sutriono. "Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Bimbingan Pemustaka pada Mahasiswa Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bengkulu." Tik Ilmeu : Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi 1, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/tik.v1i1.188.
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IAIN Bengkulu Library Center as a supporting partner of Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi every year has a work program or activity either directly or indirectly in providing guidance to the scalper pemustaka especially new students to introduce and direct the pemustaka to be able to recognize and use the facilities and information that has been provided in IAIN Bengkulu Library Center well, effectively, efficiently, orderly and independently. The effectiveness of librarian guidance done by librarian of IAIN Bengkulu Library Center from some description of the answer from informant IAIN Bengkulu informant and direct observation writer that guidance pemustaka contribute effectively to provide understanding and direction about utilization of library resources and able to minimize violations such as destruct the composition of book On the shelves, late return of books and create an orderly library, discipline in accessing information in the library
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Van den Berg, Hubert. "Martin Puchner, Poetry of the Revolution. Marx, Manifestos, and the Avant-Gardes 2006." Nordlit 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2007): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.1789.
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The genre of the manifesto belongs to the key elements of avant-garde textuality. As such, the manifesto has received considerable attention in recent avant-garde research. Many articles, chapters in general studies on the avant-garde, several collections of essays, monographs and annotated anthologies have been devoted to the manifesto in the past decades. Martin Puchner's book on the avant-garde manifesto is a latecomer in this context, published some ten years after a wave of Manifestantismus struck in particular continental European avant-garde research. As in the case of any late arrival, the main question is self-evidently: what adds Puchner to already existing literature? The answer must be rather ambivalent. Puchner's book definitely fills a lacuna in the Anglophone historiography of the avant-garde.
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Houston, Chris. "Islamic Solutions to the Kurdish Problem: Late Rendezvous or Illegitimate Shortcut?" New Perspectives on Turkey 16 (1997): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600002600.
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In a recent book detailing the massive war migration in the South-East of Turkey, Kemal Öztürk questions: “Has an Islamic position been made clear on the Kurdish problem, which for the last ten years has assumed the highest place on the national agenda?” and goes on to ask: “In the fifteen reports suggesting solutions to the Kurdish problem is there one representing muslims?” He concludes by saying, “Unfortunately the answer to both questions must be ‘no’” (Öztürk 1996, p. 104). Öztürk's comments are interesting for three reasons: first, is his assumption that a distinct Islamic stance is possible regarding the Kurdish problem. Second is his deploring of the fact that such a position has not been enunciated. And third is the rather disingenuous claim that the lack of a clear response in the name of Islam is synonymous with no position at all by the religious camia (community), as if the ‘de facto’ positions of muslims, i.e. their actual practice, could be dismissed quite so unproblematically.
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Costello, Peter. "The Piltdown hoax reconsidered." Antiquity 59, no. 227 (November 1985): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00057227.
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Ever since the revelation in 1953 that the finds at Piltdown were faked there has been very considerable speculation as to who was responsible for this astonishing fraud, and the matter has been ventilated many times in the last twenty years in our pages. Many people have thought that Charles Dawson was the forger and this seemed the answer by implication, though not specifically, in the late Professor Weiner's The Piltdown forgery. Other people, for various reasons, have tried to pin the blame, or part of the blame, on the late Father Teilhard de Chardin. Many other candidates have been put up and knocked down, and many of us have wondered whether we should ever know the truth. Now we think we do, owing to the most careful researches of Peter Costello, the biographer and literary historian based in Dublin. He has written an invaluable book setting out his complete investigations into this mystery, and coming to what we believe is the proper and final solution. In advance of the publication of his important book he has very kindly agreed to give us a short account, which we print here with great pleasure. All readers of Antiquity will look forward with avidity to reading the complete statement of his case in his published book.
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Schwartz, Gary. "Painting outside the Lines: Patterns of Creativity in Modern Art. By David W. Galenson. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2001. Pp. xvi, 251. $29.95." Journal of Economic History 63, no. 1 (March 2003): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070364180x.
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In this engaging book, David Galenson formulates a complex question about modern art that he tries to answer with statistics, analysis, and exposition, enlivened with a rich sprinkling of well-chosen quotes. Posing an initial question “At what stage of their lives have modern painters normally done their best work?,” he finds that this age varies widely from artist to artist. This leads to the central problem: “is it by chance that some have made their greatest contributions early in their careers, and others late in theirs, or is there some general explanation that accounts for the variation?” (p. 4).
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FLAHERTY, SEAMUS. "REAPPRAISING NEWS FROM NOWHERE: WILLIAM MORRIS, J. S. MILL AND FABIAN ESSAYS." Modern Intellectual History 17, no. 4 (October 22, 2018): 951–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244318000446.
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This article examines News from Nowhere, William Morris's late nineteenth-century utopian romance. It seeks, first, to establish John Stuart Mill as a crucial influence on the text. It argues that, in News from Nowhere, Morris engaged extensively with Mill's mid-century essay On Liberty. It shows how Morris dramatized Mill's “harm principle”; how he challenged the notion that custom must necessarily be antithetical to the “spirit of liberty”; and how he enacted Mill's stricture that “if opponents of all important truths do not exist,” then they must be invented. The article seeks, second, to contest the view that Morris was writing in indignant response to Edward Bellamy's portrait of utopia, Looking Backward. The article argues, instead, that it was rather the Fabians who incurred Morris's indignation. It attempts to demonstrate that if News from Nowhere was indeed an answer to another book, it was an answer to Fabian Essays.
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White, Tom. "National Philology, Imperial Hierarchies, and the ‘Defective’ Book of Sir John Mandeville." Review of English Studies 71, no. 302 (December 31, 2019): 828–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz140.
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Abstract This article examines when and how the ‘Defective’ version of the Book of Sir John Mandeville came to be called ‘defective’. It describes the use of this name by Sir George F. Warner in an edition produced in 1889 for the elite bibliographic society the Roxburghe Club. Drawing on recent work in disability studies, it argues that the philological use of ‘defective’ be read in conjunction with its broader use in the elaboration of hierarchies of class, race, and gender. Far from a neutral descriptor, ‘defective’ provides a compelling example of the imbrication of medieval studies, imperialism, and Social Darwinist principles in the late nineteenth century. The article closes with the call not only to rename the ‘Defective’ version the ‘Common’ version, but also for a broader reappraisal of this apparently discrete version of Mandeville’s Book. However, it also argues that amid the increasing marketization of higher education and the concomitant insecurity of academic labour, digital editing does not provide a straightforward answer to the question of how best to map and display the complex textual history of Mandeville’s Book.
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Pokorski, Bartosz. "Sleep in the City. Private Experience of Beauty and Its Urban Implications." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica-Aesthetica-Practica, no. 30 (December 30, 2017): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6107.30.09.
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In my paper I try to trace and understand the reasons for the birth of the 24/7 world as it is described by Johnatan Crary in his book 24/7 Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep. He proposes a grim vision of late capitalism in which sleep deprivation and the disintegration of public and private spaces will become a market necessity. My attempt to understand is supported on two other authors. First, Hannah Arendt provided me with an analysis of origins, transformations and somewhat present version of the relation of private and public spheres. Second, Fredrich Schiller delivered an interesting theory on the aesthetic ideal, art, beauty and human experience of beauty. These three analyzes stand as basis for my attempt to present a proposal to overcome the crisis described by Crary and the answer is related to the issue of aesthetic experience of street art in urban space.
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Boyarin, Daniel. "Beyond Judaisms: Metatron and the Divine Polymorphy of Ancient Judaism." Journal for the Study of Judaism 41, no. 3 (2010): 323–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006310x503612.
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AbstractMy specific project in this paper is to combine several related and notorious questions in the history of Judaism into one: What is the nexus among the semi-divine (or high angel) figure known in the Talmud as Metatron, the figure of the exalted Enoch in the Enoch books (1-3 Enoch!), "The One Like a Son of Man" of Daniel, Jesus, the Son of Man, and the rabbinically named heresy of "Two Powers/Sovereignties in Heaven?" I believe that in order to move towards some kind of an answer to this question, we need to develop a somewhat different approach to the study of ancient Judaism, as I hope to show here. I claim that late-ancient rabbinic literature when read in the context of all contemporary and earlier texts of Judaism—those defined as rabbinic as well as those defined as non-, para-, or even anti-rabbinic—affords us a fair amount of evidence for and information about a belief in (and perhaps cult of) a second divine person within, or very close to, so-called "orthodox" rabbinic circles long after the advent of Christianity. Part of the evidence for this very cult will come from efforts at its suppression on the part of rabbinic texts. I believe, moreover, that a reasonable chain of inference links this late cult figure back through the late-antique Book of 3 Enoch to the Enoch of the first-century Parables of Enoch—also known in the scholarly literature as the Similitudes of Enoch—and thus to the Son of Man of that text and further back to the One Like a Son of Man of Daniel 7.
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Costa, Massimo. "On the italian debate concerning “Economia Aziendale”. The recent discovery of a manuscript by Emilio Ravenna (1930)." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 13, no. 25 (December 28, 2016): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v13i25.255.
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The paper relies upon the recent discovery of the textbook of Accounting adopted in Palermo’s High Business School (the ‘ancestor’ of the Faculty of ‘Economics & Business’, founded after in 1936), just in its first years of opening (academic year 1930-31). It is a printed manuscript. This book was written by the local professor of Accounting, Emilio Ravenna, who operated in Sicily between the last decades of XIX century and the firstones of XX one, commonly considered (Guzzo, 2003) an intermediate scholar between the ‘Venetian’ (Besta) and ‘Tuscan’ (Cerboni) Italian Schools, adhering to the former for the accounting method and to the latter for the general theory of administrative functions, but here revealing more as belonging to the latter. The book is placed within a period of strong debate for the Italian community, after Zappa’s manifesto for the new science of “Economiaaziendale”, and also includes a full conception of Accounting as an open criticism to “Economia aziendale”. The interest for this discovery is due to the explicit answer to the defy launched at ‘Ca’ Foscari’ (University of Venice) by Gino Zappa. But the most relevant issue is that this answer does not come from the main ‘Venetian School’ of Besta disciples, then dominating in Italy, but from a true ‘survivor’ of the older ‘Tuscan School’, strictly follower of Giovanni Rossi work, and in those times already declined. It is noteworthy the fact Ravenna generally agrees with Zappa, confuting, however, only that his conceptions would be really new. The following paper, then, presenting the basic contents of the aforementioned book, with a peculiar stress on the doctrinal items concerning Accounting and “Economia aziendale”, reveals a continuity, perhaps overestimated by Ravenna,between the late XIX-century ‘Scientific Accounting’ by Cerboni and the early XX-century “Economia aziendale” by Zappa.
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Klein, Jared S. "HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS AND BIBLICAL HEBREW: AN INDO-EUROPEANIST’S VIEW." Journal for Semitics 25, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 865–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2559.
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Rezetko and Young’s Historical linguistics and Biblical Hebrew: steps toward an integrated approach brings variation analysis to bear on the question of the periodisation of Biblical Hebrew. However, this methodology is at best microdiachronic, dealing with variation in synchronic terms. In order to answer the question they pose, a language with a history as long as Biblical Hebrew requires macrodiachronic techniques which look at real linguistic processes. Several such processes are discussed in this paper, and though they collectively converge in pointing to a late date for Qoheleth, they are insufficient to establish a linguistically-based entity “Late Biblical Hebrew”. At the present time, one can at best apply this term in a non-linguistic sense to the Hebrew of those books known on extra-linguistic grounds to have been chronologically late.
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Marx, Werner, Robin Haunschild, and Lutz Bornmann. "Climate and the Decline and Fall of the Western Roman Empire: A Bibliometric View on an Interdisciplinary Approach to Answer a Most Classic Historical Question." Climate 6, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli6040090.
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This bibliometric analysis deals with research on the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire in connection with climate change. Based on the Web of Science (WoS) database, we applied a combination of three different search queries for retrieving the relevant literature: (1) on the decline and fall of the Roman Empire in general, (2) more specifically on the downfall in connection with a changing climate, and (3) on paleoclimatic research in combination with the time period of the Roman Empire and Late Antiquity. Additionally, we considered all references cited by an ensemble of selected key papers and all citing papers of these key papers, whereby we retrieved additional publications (in particular, books and book chapters). We merged the literature retrieved, receiving a final publication set of 85 publications. We analyzed this publication set by applying a toolset of bibliometric methods and visualization programs. A co-authorship map of all authors, a keyword map for a rough content analysis, and a citation network based on the publication set of 85 papers are presented. We also considered news mentions in this study to identify papers with impacts beyond science. According to the literature retrieved, a multitude of paleoclimatic data from various geographical sites for the time of late antiquity indicate a climatic shift away from the stability of previous centuries. Recently, some scholars have argued that drought in Central Asia and the onset of a cooler climate in North-West Eurasia may have put Germanic tribes, Goths, and Huns on the move into the Roman Empire, provoking the Migration Period and eventually leading to the downfall of the Western Roman Empire. However, climate is only one variable at play; a combination of many factors interacting with each other is a possible explanation for the pattern of long-lasting decline and final collapse. Currently, the number of records from different locations, the toolbox of suitable analytic methods, and the precision of dating are evolving rapidly, contributing to an answer for one of the most classic of all historical questions. However, these studies still lack the inevitable collaboration of the major disciplines involved: archeology, history, and climatology. The articles of the publication set analyzed mainly result from research in the geosciences.
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Bošković, Aleksandar. "Revolution, Production, Representation: Iurii Rozhkov's Photomontages to Maiakovskii's Poem “To the Workers of Kursk”." Slavic Review 76, no. 2 (2017): 395–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.84.
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In 1924, the self-taught artist Iurii Nikolaevich Rozhkov created a series of photomontages inspired by Vladimir Maiakovskii's poem “To the Workers of Kursk” and the geological discovery of the Kursk Magnetic Anamoly (KMA). Rozhkov's series for Maiakovskii's ode to labor is both an example of the political propaganda of the reconstruction period of the NEP era and a polemical answer to all those who relentlessly attacked Maiakovskii and criticized avant-garde art as alien to the masses. The article introduces Rozhkov's less-known photomontage series as a new model of the avant-garde photopoetry book, which offers a sequential reading of Maiakovskii's poem and functions as a cinematic dispositive of the early Soviet agitprop apparatus (dispositif). Bošković argues that the photopoem itself converts into an idiosyncratic avant-garde de-mountable memorial to the working class: a dynamic cine-dispositive through which the the early agitprop apparatus is realized in lived experience, reproduced, and transformed, thus delineating its shift towards the newdispositifof the late 1920s—socialist realism.
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Nilam Sari, Atriany, Ari Indra Susanti, and Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan. "Survei Kepuasan Kader dalam Penggunaan Aplikasi iPosyandu dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak di Indonesia." Jurnal Bidan Cerdas 3, no. 2 (June 13, 2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33860/jbc.v3i2.390.
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Introduction: iPosyandu application was initially developed to answer the problems of cadres in recording and reporting Posyandu who still use aid book, so there was often delay in reporting to the Puskesmas, with late reports, information was difficult to obtain. This study aims to find out the satisfaction of cadres in using the iPosyandu application. Methods: This research used descriptive cross-sectional approach, and was conducted from July to December 2020, followed by 251 posyandu cadres spread across in Indonesia. This sampling uses accidental sampling method that meets the research criteria. Data retrieval using online survey questionnaire satisfaction of iPosyandu application. Data analysis using univariate with descriptive statistics accompanied by Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. Results: This study showed the dimension that is the top priority for immediate improvement is the accuracy dimension with the data accuracy item of posyandu information system on iPosyandu application. Conclusion: Accurate data is useful as a source of information and accuracy in interpreting maternal and child health data in the region.
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Faulkner, Mark. "Habemus Corpora: Reapproaching Philological Problems in the Age of ‘Big’ Data." Anglia 139, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 94–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2021-0006.
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Abstract This paper demonstrates the potential of new methodologies for using existing corpora of medieval English to better contextualise linguistic variants, a major task of philology and a key underpinning of our ability to answer major literary-historical questions, such as when, where and to what purpose medieval texts and manuscripts were produced. The primary focus of the article is the assistance these methods can offer in dating the composition of texts, which it illustrates with a case study of the “Old” English Life of St Neot, uniquely preserved in the mid-twelfth-century South-Eastern homiliary, London, British Library, Cotton Vespasian D.xiv, fols. 4–169. While the Life has recently been dated around 1100, examining its orthography, lexis, syntax and style alongside that of all other English-language texts surviving from before 1150 using new techniques for searching the Dictionary of Old English Corpus suggests it is very unlikely to be this late. The article closes with some reflections on what book-historical research should prioritise as it further evolves into the digital age.
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Kharitonova, Alyona М. "Logic Manuals for Women in the Late Enlightenment Era." Kantian journal 38, no. 3 (2019): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2019-3-4.
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In the focus of my attention there are six German-language textbooks in logic published in the second half of the eighteenth century. What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the study of the history of the formation of logic, a fundamental and still relevant discipline in university education. What is the status of logic for women? Is it a kind of publishing by-product paraphrasing classical logic textbooks under a new and unusual title or do they represent a new independent branch? To answer these questions I analyse the chosen works on logic and the reviews which they prompted. I demonstrate that logic manuals for women published in Germany in the second half of the eighteenth century constitute one of the numerous varieties of the popular philosophy genre. Simple language, dialogic or epistolary form, practical orientation and eclecticism — all this brings logic within the intellectual reach of any civilised person, providing him/her with an instrument of performing their own mission, i. e. the employment of their reason. The very fact that the content of logic for women is practically no different from the content of classical compendiums was a revolutionary development, a practical implementation of the postulate that logic is universal and can be understood by everyone, a principle formulated earlier in the works of C. Thomasius and C. Wolff.
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Boreczky, Anna. "Historiography and Propaganda in the Royal Court of King Matthias: Hungarian Book Culture at the End of the Middle Ages and Beyond." Radovi Instituta za povijest umjetnosti, no. 43 (December 31, 2019): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31664/ripu.2019.43.02.
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On the basis of the Chronica Hungarorum of Johannes de Thurocz, the Epitome rerum Hungaricarum of Pietro Ransano, and the Rerum Ungaricarum decades of Antonio Bonfini that were compiled within ten years, between 1488 and 1498, my paper forms a multi-dimensional image of the late 15th-century political and cultural situation in the royal court of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary (1458–1490). The three chronicles have come down to us in a number of books: manuscripts, incunabula and early prints alike, and many of them contain lengthy cycles of images. My paper investigates the agency of these books with a special emphasis on their illustrations. Through a study of the traditions they followed and the messages their illustrations conveyed, the primary question my paper seeks to answer is whether the cultural and political polarity of the royal court inherent in the texts of the chronicles is also present in the format, style and iconography of the illustrated books that contain them. The comparison of the early copies of the three chronicles shows that the cultural and political diversity of the royal court had an impact on the books that were made and/or used within its walls. Taking into consideration their circulation and reception as well, my paper discusses the role they played in royal propaganda, and the impact they had on the European image of Hungary and the Hungarians.
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Knoppers, Gary N. "Mt. Gerizim and Mt. Zion: A study in the early history of the Samaritans and Jews." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 34, no. 3-4 (September 2005): 309–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980503400301.
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This article explores how a new and very important development in the study of ancient Samaria sheds light on the import of two Judean texts written during the late Achaemenid or early Hellenistic era. The study begins with a discussion of the recent excavation of a large temple complex on Mt. Gerizim largely dating to the Hellenistic era, but with some material evidence stretching back to the Persian era. This remarkable discovery helps to answer some old questions, but it also raises new questions about Samarian-Judean relations during the Second Commonwealth. The selected case studies stem from the book of Chronicles and deal with Judah's relations with northern Israel. One involves King Abijah's address to "Jeroboam and all Israel" at Mt. Zemaraim during the early divided monarchy (2 Chr.13:4-12), while the other involves King Hezekiah's Passover invitation sent to all quarters of Israel, including the estranged northern tribes (2 Chr. 30:6-9). The study clarifies the context within which postmonarchic Judean writers worked (including their views of and aspirations for their own communities) by re-examining the larger geo-political and religious circumstances in which they lived.
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Sarmad, Khwaja. "Imran Ali. The Punjab under Imperialism 1885 - 1947. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. ix + 264 pp.$ 49.50 (Hardback)." Pakistan Development Review 28, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v28i3pp.266-272.
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The title of Ali's book needs to be clarified. The work does not cover what is currently the entire Punjab, East and West. It is an economic history of the development of the canal colonies in the Punjab. These canal colonies fell entirely into Pakistan's area when the subcontinent was partitioned in 1947. So the work has special significance for the canal colony region of the Punjab, Pakistan. As such, Ali's book fills a great need for two reasons. First, in Pakistan the green revolution has been based in the canal colonies. The rate and comprehensiveness of adoption of the package has been greater in the canal colonies compared to the other regions. If the canal colonies provided such a suitable environment for the adoption of agrarian technical change in the 1960s, then there is a need to assess their emergence and economic impact in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The question is: Did the emergence of the canal colonies result in an agrarian revolution at that time? This forms Ali's main problematic. And his answer is that the political and economic objectives of British imperial interests in the Punjab overrode their development interests, with the result that the canal colonies did not fulm their growth potential. The second need that Ali's work fills is to raise the question of the political behaviour of the Punjab. This question needs to be raised for two time periods, namely in the state of Pakistan since 1947, and earlier, during the independence movement in the first half of this century.
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TREITEL, CORINNA. "WHAT THE OCCULT REVEALS." Modern Intellectual History 6, no. 3 (November 2009): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244309990205.
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Where does occultism fit on the map of modernity? Frank Miller Turner proposed an intriguing answer in his 1974 study Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England. The book examined the lives and struggles of six Victorian men: the philosophers Henry Sidgwick and James Ward, the scientists Alfred Russel Wallace and George John Romanes, and the writers Frederic W. H. Myers and Samuel Butler. Of the six, three cultivated a serious and sustained interest in the occult. Sidgwick and Myers engaged in psychical research, while Wallace immersed himself in phrenology and spiritualism. Raised as Christians, all of them came to find Christian belief inadequate. Yet the scientific naturalism that might have provided an alternative pole for their allegiance, that was the alternative pole of allegiance for much of their generation, failed to entice them. All had ethical qualms about its refusal to comment on God's existence or on life after death. All, too, wondered about the soul and bemoaned the reluctance of scientists to investigate the immaterial and subjective aspects of human nature. Caught between the Christianity of their upbringing and the scientific naturalism of their adulthood, Turner argued, these men “came to dwell between the science that beckoned them and the religion they had forsaken.”
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Paraskiewicz, Kinga. "O perskim oku i o tym, co naprawdę jest perskie w polskich konstrukcjach frazeologicznych." Język Polski 101, no. 1 (May 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31286/jp.101.1.5.
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The subject of the article are certain idiomatic expressions constructed with the adjective perski (‘Persian’) in Polish: perskie oko (‘Persian eye’), perski dywan (‘Persian carpet’), perski proszek (‘Persian powder’) etc. Moreover, the author attempts to answer the question: What do we have that is really Persian in Polish? Are these phrases really related to Persia or Persians, or are they just a word game (homophones)? So far the origin of the most popular one, i.e. perskie oko (‘Persian eye’) has not been established even though a lively discussion on this subject was held on the pages of the Język Polski 90 years ago. It was started by Stanisław Szober who in his book Życie wyrazów, explained the origin of the phrase perskie oko for the first time, indicating that it is a semantic borrowing from French, and its basis is l’œil perçant ‘piercing eye’. In response, Józef Birkenmajer claimed this popular phrase comes from Krakow, relating it – quite incredibly – to a Persian man on the label of the popular Zacherlin insecticide powder called perski proszek (‘Persian powder’). It turns out that the source of this expression was a French anecdote by Alphonse Karr from the late nineteenth century based precisely on the word game.
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Jha, Sneha. "Bringing Order to Chaos: The Appropriation of Maithili by Colonial State, c 1870s–1940s." Indian Historical Review 46, no. 2 (December 2019): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983619889512.
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This article, through the use of several surveys, grammar books and articles on language written by colonial officials, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, has explored how language became an instrument in the exercise of colonial power in Bihar in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Taking the case of a particular language Maithili, spoken in the Mithila region of Bihar, the paper has engaged with the suggestion by Bernard S. Cohn that the history of language can help us understand the mechanism of power in a colonial context. The aspirations of the rulers, as well as the intended and unintended implications caused by such experiments, are worth examining. They would help us answer many general questions about colonial policies and power – not just on the theme of language – such as the following: How does one situate the understanding of the rulers while writing a history of colonialism? How do different debates among the colonial administrators shape the policies of the government, and what does that tell us about the nature of colonial rule? How does one see the role of the ‘native’, both as an informant as well as the subject of study? How does one read the native agency?
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Robinson, Francis. "The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i4.1289.
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The latest estimate by Afghan expert Gilles Dorronsoro (International HeraldTribune, 15 September 2010) states that no state structure remains in 80percent of Afghanistan’s districts, that the Taliban are rapidly filling the vacuum,that the NATO surge in the south has failed, and that the allies shouldnegotiate a settlement with them in order to achieve what assurances theycan about discouraging the presence of al-Qaeda before it is too late. Thisbook explains why such a limited success is the likely outcome of NATO’sattempt to build a working central Afghan state. It contains essays by ten leading scholars in the field who met at a conference in 2004. Most of thepapers have been extended to a cut-off date of 2007.The book sets out to answer several questions: Are the Taliban, usuallyconsidered a militantly traditionalist movement, in fact a new phenomenonin Afghan history? Are they no more than a foreign creation, an instrumentof Pakistan’s geopolitical interests in a post-cold war world? At the sametime, given their utopian theology that looks back to an imagined period ofearly Islamic purity, should they be seen as essentially “medieval” and “antimodern”?Are these sufficient characterizations of this extraordinarily effectivemovement, or should more attention be paid to other factors, such as thelong history of state-society relations in Afghanistan and how they haveinteracted with the great powers? ...
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Jefferson, Rebecca. "Dangerous Liaisons in Cairo: Reginald Q. Henriques and the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Manuscript Collection." Judaica Librarianship 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 21–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1212.
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When Solomon Schechter published his opus magnum, the co-edited volume of The Wisdom of Ben Sira, in 1899, he took the trouble to express his gratitude towards one Reginald Q. Henriques for his help in the past and still ongoing. This article attempts to answer the question: who was this Mr. Henriques and what was the nature of his connection to Schechter? Using previously unpublished archival evidence, this question is explored in depth, as well as the question of why Schechter chose to acknowledge this individual precisely at that point. It also provides an in-depth account, together with transcriptions of original letters, of the activities of the various genizah manuscript collectors operating in Cairo during the late 1890s and the unspoken race to recover the original Hebrew version of the Book of Ben Sira. These activities are viewed against the backdrop of an all-pervasive scholarly culture that was critical of post-biblical Judaism, as well as prevailing Cairene attitudes and behaviors towards those engaged in the recovery and export of antiquities, and the varying (often arbitrary) authorizations and restrictions exercised by Cairo's European and Egyptian administrators. Finally, it takes a closer look at the contents of today's Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection at Cambridge University Library in an attempt to discover greater details about its exact provenance.
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Hooker, J. T. "A residual problem in Iliad 24." Classical Quarterly 36, no. 1 (May 1986): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000983880001051x.
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The late Colin Macleod's commentary on Iliad 24 (Cambridge, 1982) has rightly received praise for its sensitivity to the nuances of Homeric language and its appreciation of the entire poem as a carefully constructed work of art. Although reluctant to accept the more radical solutions proposed by the ‘oral’ school, Macleod showed himself fully aware of the contribution made by the oral theory towards elucidating the history of the epic. Nevertheless, his commentary is concerned principally with the Iliad as we have it: a poem which is at one level a masterly re-telling of saga but at another a sublime tragedy, commiserating the sorrows inseparable from human existence and holding up for our admiration the heroes who nobly confront pain and death. I believe that much, and probably most, of the Iliad can and should be viewed in this light. The last book of all, as Macleod himself has shown, offers especially rich rewards to an interpreter who keeps in the front of his mind the overriding aims of the great poet. Yet Macleod's method, like any other single method, will never yield a fully satisfactory answer on all occasions. However the ‘definitive’ or ‘monumental’ composition of the Iliad was brought about, it formed only one stage (though from our point of view incomparably the most important stage) in the development of the Greek epic. Our Iliad cannot have been the first or the only treatment, on a large scale, of the matter of Troy.
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Savic, Viktor. "The Serbian translation of the "Evergetis synaxarion" in two Sinaitic manuscripts." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 53 (2016): 209–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi1653209s.
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When the Greek substrate of the Hilandar (and Studenica) typikon was discovered, scholars raised the issue whether the complete Greek text of the Evergetis Typikon had been translated into the Serbian language or not (1895). There were several attempts to prove that a complete version of the Evergetis Typikon had been used in the territory under the jurisdiction of the Serbian Church before the introduction of the Jerusalem Typikon (1318/1319). In the Description of the (Old) Manuscript Collection of the Sinai Monasteries, Djordje Sp. Radojicic suggested that there must have been a Serbian Small Euchologion (trebnik, hagiasmatarion) with a synaxarion modelled in accordance with the typikon of the monastery of the Virgin Evergetis. Over the past several decades, attention has also been drawn to the presence of liturgical rules typical of the Evergetis Typikon in Serbian liturgical books (menaia and oktoechoi) from the late 13th and early 14th century, but no definitive answer has been given to the question whether the whole liturgical section of the Evergetis Typikon was translated at the time of Saint Sava (at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries) or it happened later. The character of the Evergetis synaxaria, which were on various occasions identified in two Sinaitic manuscripts though no mutual relationship between them was established, also remains unknown. This paper seeks to offer a partial answer to these questions, with the idea of encouraging new research that will provide as detailed picture as possible of liturgy in the Serbian Church in the 13th and 14th centuries.
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Filyushkin, Alexander. "Why Did Muscovy Not Participate in the “Communication Revolution” in the Sixteenth Century?" Canadian-American Slavic Studies 51, no. 2-3 (2017): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-05102011.
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The sixteenth century in Europe has been called the period of the “Communication Revolution.” Was Muscovy a participant in this revolution? Though the first printed books appeared in Russia in the mid-sixteenth century, just half a century before the printing boom in Europe, the only correct answer to this question can be “no.” In Russia there was nothing like the preparatory epistolary stage of a Communication Revolution. There were nothing like European “merchants’ letters” or aristocrats’ correspondence. One can hardly even find any “news” narratives describing “the other,” i.e. other countries and nations. Descriptions of manners, customs, the history of neighboring countries, as well as political news were only included in diplomatic documents. The politics of the Russian state was monolithic and unified, lacking political pluralism and freedom of speech, diverse political discourse, and political partisanship typical of Europe. Because of this, Muscovite society did not need political information, because all the necessary information came from the government. The information structures that bound together Russian society were formed around the church in the first place and then the state. Printing was in great demand by the church and state, to be sure, and during the first 150 years after its introduction in Russia, printing in Russia served the interests of church and state almost exclusively. The main reason for the delayed Communication Revolution in Russia was the lack of public demand for information. Apparently, the reason for this attitude was not the technological backwardness of Russia: there had not been any technological obstacles for the formation of a Communication Revolution in Russia since the late sixteenth century. The problem was rather that there was no broad market for print material. The Communication Revolution could be the means of social, political and cultural modernization in Russia (as it had been in Europe). But it came to Russia too late, only in the eighteenth and ninteenth centuries.
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van Nifterik, Gustaaf. "Grotius and the Origin of the Ruler's Right to Punish." Grotiana 26, no. 1 (2007): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607508x366535.
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AbstractAn important aspect of any constitutional theory is the state's power to punish transgressions of the law, or the ius gladii. Although Grotius never formulated a complete, comprehensive constitutional theory, traces of such a theory can be found in many of his writings not explicitly devoted to constitutional law. Punishment even plays an important role in his books on war (and peace), since to punish transgressions of the law is ranked among the just causes of war.Given the fact that a state may punish transgressions of the law – transgressions by individuals within and even outside the state, but also transgressions of the law by other states – the question may arise concerning the origin of such a right to punish. It will be shown that Grotius did not give the same answer to this question in his various works. As the right to punish is concerned, we find a theory that seems to be akin to the one of John Locke in the De iure praedae (around 1605), one akin to the theories of the Spanish late-scholastics in De satisfactione and De imperio (around 1615), and a theory coming close to what Thomas Hobbes had said on the ruler's right to punish in the De iure belli ac pacis (around 1625).Of course, Grotius can only have been familiar with the theory of the Spanish late-scholastics, since those of Locke and Hobbes were still to be written by the time Grotius had passed away.
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Elliott, Jane. "Talkin’ ‘Bout My Generation’: Perceptions of Generational Belonging among the 1958 Cohort." Sociological Research Online 18, no. 4 (November 2013): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3124.
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This paper explores the meaning of the concept of generational identity for a specific cohort of individuals born in Britain in the late 1950s – now in their fifties. It draws on qualitative biographical interviews that have been carried out with a subsample of 170 members of the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. These interviews included questions about cohort members’ sense of identity and specifically asked ‘Do you think of yourself as belonging to a particular generation?’ Cohort members’ understandings of the multi-faceted concept of ‘generation’ are explored and the strategies that individuals used to answer this question are discussed. Although they were born at a time of continued high fertility in Britain, following the Second World War, it is clear that this cohort do not see themselves as properly part of the ‘baby boom’. Analysis suggests that this group derive a sense of generational location more from cultural than from structural factors, or from historical/political events. Indeed the majority of them do not have a strong generational identity and might be thought of as a ‘passive generation’.
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Roosa, John. "When the Subaltern Took the Postcolonial Turn." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 17, no. 2 (October 10, 2007): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016593ar.
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Abstract This essay evaluates the changing research agendas of Subaltern Studies, an influential series of books on South Asian history that began in 1982. The essay criticizes the original research agenda as articulated by the series editor, Ranajit Guha, and the subsequent agenda proposed by several members of the Subaltern Studies collective. Guha initially proposed that studies of colonial India understand power in terms of unmediated relationships between “the elite” and “the subaltern” and endeavour to answer a counterfactual question on why the “Indian elite” did not come to represent the nation. The subsequent agenda first formulated in the late 1980s, while jettisoning Guha’s strict binaries and crude populism, has not led to any new insights into South Asian history. The turn towards the issues of modernity and postcolonialism has resulted in much commentary on what is already known. Some members of the collective, in the name of uncovering a distinctly “Indian modernity” and moving beyond Western categories, have reified the concept of modernity and restaged tired old debates within Western social theory.
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WILLIAMS, COLIN C., and JOHN ROUND. "ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE INFORMAL ECONOMY: A STUDY OF UKRAINE'S HIDDEN ENTERPRISE CULTURE." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 12, no. 01 (March 2007): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946707000587.
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How many entrepreneurs start-up their business ventures conducting some or all of their trade in the informal economy? The aim of this paper is to answer this key question that has been seldom addressed using data from 600 face-to-face structured interviews conducted in Ukraine in late 2005 and early 2006. Analyzing the 331 entrepreneurs identified (i.e., individuals starting-up an enterprise in the past three years), just 10 percent operate on a wholly legitimate basis, while 39 percent have a license to trade and/or have registered their business but conduct a portion of their trade in the informal economy, and 51 percent operate unregistered enterprises and conduct all of their trade on an off-the-books basis. Given that some 90 percent of all business start-ups operate partially or wholly in the informal economy, and that 40 percent of all respondents depend on the informal economy as either their principal or secondary contributor to their livelihoods, the paper concludes by considering the wider implications of these findings both for further research and public policy.
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Phelps, Sue F. "Library Fines Make a Difference in Academic Library Book Return Behaviour." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, no. 3 (September 13, 2015): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8h89k.
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A Review of:
Sung, J. S., & Tolppanen, B. P. (2013). Do library fines work?: Analysis of the effectiveness of fines on patron’s return behavior at two mid-sized academic libraries. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 39(6), 506-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2013.08.011
Abstract
Objectives – To quantify library fines and their impact on patron return behaviour.
Design – Hypothesis testing of data extracted from integrated library systems.
Setting – Two midsize academic libraries, including one from the Pacific, University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM), and one from the Midwest, Eastern Illinois University (EIU).
Subjects – Undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty.
Methods – The authors collected data from two midsized universities. The universities have identical integrated library systems, which allowed for uniform data extraction. The authors counted book returns in each population group (undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty) for those books that were returned before and after the due dates with a focus on late fees as the primary variable. The authors tested the following five hypotheses:
• Hypothesis 1: “There is no difference in return rates before due dates among the UHM patron groups because the fine policy is the same for all patron groups” (p. 507).
• Hypothesis 2: “Before 2006, the EIU undergraduate students’ return rates before due dates should be the highest among the three EIU groups because this was the only group which had overdue fines. . . . There should be no difference in the return rates before due dates between EIU faculty and EIU graduate students (both groups had no overdue fines)” (p. 507).
• Hypothesis 3: “EIU graduate students’ return rates before due dates was lower for 2002–2006 than 2007–2011” (p. 507). This hypothesis tests the impact of a change in fine policy that the library implemented in the fall of 2006.
• Hypothesis 4: “UHM undergraduate students’ return rates before due dates is higher than that of EIU undergraduate students” because there is no grace period for UHM undergraduates (p. 507). EIU undergraduate students have a 10-day grace period.
• Hypothesis 5: “UHM faculty’s return rates before due dates is higher than that of EIU faculty” (p. 507). UHM faculty incur overdue fines, but EIU faculty encounter no penalty for overdue materials.
From the integrated library systems, the authors extracted data for the number of books returned before due dates and after overdue notices and for the number of books borrowed by the different populations for the time period starting with Fall 2002 and ending with Spring 2011. The authors analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and made comparisons using analysis of variance (ANOVA) expressed with an F-ratio and p-value < 0.01 as the level of significance.
Main Results – The findings did not support hypotheses 1 or 2. For hypothesis 1, in which fines were the same for undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty, return rates increased with academic level and faculty groups. The rates were 90.4%, 93.9%, and 95.7%, respectively (F = 112.1, p < 0.001). For hypothesis 2, the return rate was 88.8% for undergraduates, 92.6% for graduate students, and 80.1% for faculty. The group difference was small but still statistically significant (F = 171.4, p < 0.001). The graduate students, who were not fined, had significantly higher return rates before due dates than undergraduates who incurred fines. Graduate students had higher return rates than faculty, though both groups had no fines.
The data did not support hypotheses 3 and 4. For hypothesis 3, no significant change occurred in return rates before and after imposing fines (F = 5.75, p = .031). For hypothesis 4, the return rates of undergraduates at the university with a grace period showed no statistically significant difference in return rates from those undergraduates with no grace period (F = 4.355, p = .044).
The findings supported hypothesis 5. The return rates indicated a statistically significant difference between faculty with fines for overdue books and those with no fines (F = 1701, p < 0.001). For those hypotheses for which the differences were not significant, the authors cite other variables, including reminders, grace periods, maturity of the borrower, withholding of privileges, fees, and lost book charges, that may contribute to return rates.
Conclusions – In answer to the main research question, the authors conclude that “fines indeed make a difference” (p. 511) in patron book return conduct. However, they also note that fines can mar the reputation of the library creating a barrier to access and that courtesy notices and overdue notices are also effective ways to ensure timely return of materials.
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Evans, Joshua M. "Augustine and the Problem of Bodily Desire." Augustinian Studies 52, no. 2 (2021): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies202181267.
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In what sense did Augustine attribute desires to the human body itself? Scholars disagree substantially about how to answer this question, yet it has rarely been treated as anything approaching a scholarly quaestio disputata. Some hold that bodily desire is in principle impossible according to Augustine’s anthropology. Others hold that bodily desire is of marginal significance in Augustine’s system. Still others hold that bodily desire is a central problem in human life according to Augustine. This essay is an intervention intended to prompt further exchange about the interpretation of Augustine’s thought on the issue of bodily desire. To achieve that goal, the essay closely examines two texts from Augustine’s writings against Julian of Eclanum in the early 420s. In book I of De nuptiis et concupiscentia, Augustine argues that the body does have its own desires and they are an extensive problem in human life. Furthermore, in Contra Iulianum we find that Augustine himself responds to three crucial objections that might be raised against my interpretation. In short, late in his life Augustine treated bodily desire as a grave and pervasive problem. The essay does not address his views in his earlier works. As an intervention, the essay inevitably prompts important questions it cannot fully address, especially around Augustine’s philosophy of mind, the development of Augustine’s thought, and the implications of Augustine’s claims about the body for other elements of his theological project. Future investigations will hopefully take up these topics in the scholarly exchange this intervention intends to foster.
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Collantes Sánchez, Carlos M. "Versos y tratados en la Ilustración científica (1650-1750)." Cuadernos de Estudios del Siglo XVIII, no. 25 (October 25, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/cesxviii.25.2015.75-96.
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RESUMENEstudiamos la poesía impresa en los libros de ciencia publicados en España entre 1650 y 1750. En esta época del Bajo Barroco, la ciencia española comienza a despegar gracias, en parte, a la figura de los novatores y sus obras. Hemos analizado cuantitativa y cualitativamente los versos, tanto paratextuales como intratextuales, que los novatores e impresores tenían a bien plasmar en las obras. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer la función y finalidad de dichas poesías, y ver si estos versos corresponden a las prácticas editoriales que se asentaron en la centuria anterior. Buscamos comprender la relación que une a los tratados científicos y sus poesías.PALABRAS CLAVEIlustración, Bajo Barroco, Ciencia, Poesía, Imprenta. ABSTRACTWe study the poetry printed in the books of science Publisher in Spain between 1650 and 1750. In this time of the Bajo Barroco, the Spanish science begins to grow to the figure of the novatores and his works. We have analyzed quantitatively and qualitativety these verses, so many paratextuales as intratextuales, that the novatores and the printers have printed in this books. The aim of the work is to know the function and purpose of the above mentioned poetry, and to observe if this verses answer to the publishing practices that settled themselves in the previous century. We seek to understand the relation that joins to the scientific agreements and his poetry.KEY WORDSIllustration, science, poetry, press, Late Baroque.
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Cohen, Roni. "“They say I am becoming greater than my peers” : An apprentice-scribe in early eighteenth-century Amsterdam*." Studia Rosenthaliana: Journal of the History, Culture and Heritage of the Jews in the Netherlands 46, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/sr2020.1-2.007.cohe.
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Abstract This article examines an unknown collection of 16 letters written by the 14-year-old Moses Samuel ben Asher Anshel of Gendringen found in a small booklet for Purim that he copied in Amsterdam in 1713. In the letters, written in Hebrew and Yiddish and decorated with illustrated frames, Samuel (as he calls himself) writes to his parents about his studies and ambition to become a professional scribe. This article discusses Samuel’s letters as sources for the history of Jewish book culture in Early Modern Amsterdam, and for the history of professional Jewish scribes and copyists in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It does so by offering an analysis of Samuel’s descriptions of his studies and his own self-perception, and of the letters in context of their presence in Samuel’s booklet.
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Mittler, Barbara. "Rhapsody in Red: How Western Classical Music Became Chinese. By SHEILA MELVIN and JINDONG CAI. [New York: Algora Publishing, 2004. x+362 pp. ISBN 0-87586-179-2.]." China Quarterly 181 (March 2005): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005380106.
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This is a delightful book. It opens up a cultural arena much neglected in scholarship on China. Nine engagingly narrated chapters take us through the history of Sino-foreign musical contact since the late 19th century, with one digression, which goes back to encounters since the 16th century (chapter two). The book follows the life story of three important institutions (the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra, the Shanghai Conservatory and the Central Conservatory) and three important men: violinist Tan Shuzhen, who was the first Chinese to join the orchestra in colonial Shanghai; conductor Li Delun, who was trained in Moscow and managed to serve the government before, during and after the Cultural Revolution; and composer He Luting, one of the most outspoken protagonists in China's music world and long-time principal at the Shanghai Conservatory. The authors' approach of choosing “white elephants” to present the history of classical music in China, although unfashionable since Jauss, brings much cohesion and structural elegance to the volume.The book is at its best when using material from interviews conducted by the authors. Based on this evidence, the book comes to one important conclusion: contact between Chinese and foreign musicians in China was generally not antagonistic, either before or after 1949. Foreign musicians did not behave in a condescending manner, as “imperialists” and Chinese musicians hardly ever perceived them to do so. For obvious reasons, few Chinese (and, surprisingly, few foreign studies) on China's classical music scene have acknowledged this fact.The authors have done a beautiful job in telling their story. They must be lauded for having gone through a great variety of sources including contemporary newspaper articles, propaganda magazines, Party documents, as well as films, recordings and some of the very recent, and mostly biographical, secondary literature on the subject published in China. Since the book is conceived as a collective biography, it lacks detailed musical and historical analysis and it would have benefited from a few closer readings. For example, what precisely is the meaning of “national style” for people as different as Tcherepnin, Mao Zedong or Guo Wenjing? Musical analysis would have provided an answer. Why do the authors not make more of the fact that Jiang Qing advised the musicians writing a model symphony to watch – and, more importantly, listen – to music in Hollywood films in order to improve their compositional skills? A more explicit engagement with the technical and musical styles of the model works (the term model opera should really be reserved for the operas in the set and not all of the pieces which also comprised ballets and symphonic compositions) would have been illuminating here, for it would have shown how indebted they were to the same principles of music-making as Hollywood film music on the one hand and the Butterfly Violin Concerto on the other – both officially condemned during the Cultural Revolution. It is sad, too, that the balanced account of the Cultural Revolution years – which describes both the pain it caused to many an intellectual and the benefits it brought for Chinese musical life generally – focuses almost entirely on the first set of eight model works and leaves out the second, equally important set of ten produced later (chapter seven). There are a number of non sequiturs in this book that are inevitable in any pioneering work of this size.
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Darragh, Janine J. "“Let Us Pick Up Our Books”: Young Adult Literature and the Refugee Experience." ALAN Review 44, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/alan.v44i3.a.2.
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The complex and often controversial issue of the plight of refugees has been a hot-button topic of late. From local, national, and world news sources to Presidential debates to social media, one can find passionate opinions on both sides of this matter. In my work with preservice and inservice teachers of English language learners, I have heard multiple stories of how these often-polarizing opinions about refugees play out, sometimes in unfortunate ways, in the lives of the students they teach. With the wide array of opinions regarding refugees in the United States today, it is essential to spend class time discussing this topic in a safe space moderated by a knowledge-able educator. But how does a teacher even begin to broach the subject? Children’s and young adult (YA) literature that portrays the refugee experience may be just the place to start. In this article, I share a research project in which I sought to answer the question How is the refugee experience portrayed in middle and high school literature included on the Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young People lists of the past five years? I follow this analysis with ideas for classroom implementation and other available resources for classroom use.
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Paul, David C. "Consensus and Crisis in American Classical Music Historiography from 1890 to 1950." Journal of Musicology 33, no. 2 (2016): 200–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2016.33.2.200.
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In the late nineteenth century American publishers began to answer a burgeoning demand for histories of classical music. Although some of the authors they contracted are well-known to scholars of music in the United States—most notably Edward MacDowell and John Knowles Paine—the books themselves have been neglected. The reason is that these histories are almost exclusively concerned with the European musical past; the United States is a marginal presence in their narratives. But much can be learned about American musical culture by looking more closely at the historiographical practices employed in these histories and the changes that took place in the books that succeeded them in the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, they shed light on the shifting transatlantic connections that shaped American attitudes toward classical music. Marked at first by an Anglo-American consensus bolstered by the social evolutionary theory of prominent Victorians, American classical music histories came to be variegated, a result of the influence of Central European émigrés who fled Hitler’s Germany and settled in North America. The most dramatic part of this transformation pertains to American attitudes toward the link between music and modernity. A case study, the American reception of Gustav Mahler, reveals why Americans began to see signs of cultural decline in classical music only in the 1930s, despite the precedent set by many pessimistic fin-de-siècle European writers.
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Wu, Yongping. "Industrialization and the State: The Changing Role of the Taiwan Government in the Economy, 1945–1998. Edited by Li-min Hsueh, Chen-kuo Hsu, and Dwight H. Perkins. [Cambridge, MA: Harvard Institute for International Development, 2001. v +350 pp. Hard cover £21.50, ISBN 0-674-00252-0; paperback £11.50, ISBN 0-674-00253-9.]." China Quarterly 176 (December 2003): 1109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741003360631.
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This is the first volume to introduce Taiwan's industrial growth both in the early years and in the recent period. The existing English and Chinese literature on post-war Taiwan economic history does not go beyond the mid-1980s. Despite studies of individual sectors and cases, a more general introduction about the economic adjustments since the late 1980s from a historical perspective has remained absent. Therefore, this volume to some extent can fill this gap in the literature. The book also uses some new materials about the policy process and the factors that influenced government industrial policy.However, there are a number of weaknesses in the book. The theme of the volume – the role of government in economic growth – is not new. Readers may be disappointed to find that the book does not provide any new accounts of this issue. The major argument made by the authors is that the industrial success in Taiwan can be attributed to the state's capability to continually adopt new development strategies in response to changing circumstances. Thus, this is another volume on the statist paradigm that holds that a capable state is responsible for industrial success. The account provided by the developmental state thesis, a dominant approach in the statist paradigm, is an institutional approach – that the right institutional arrangements enable the state to formulate and implement its industrial policy to govern the market (see, Robert Wade, Governing the Market (Princeton, 1990)). What is the book's explanation for the government being able to adopt the right development models in response to changing environments? Do the authors agree with the developmental state thesis's argument of a strong state with autonomy and capability, or do they develop a new account? Surprisingly, no answers are provided. But without such an explanation, the argument is based on a shaky foundation.
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McCants, Anne. "Introduction." Social Science History 33, no. 4 (2009): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011081.
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One of the most vexing social debates of the late twentieth century in the industrialized West has centered on the complex of questions regarding the paid participation of women in the labor force. Which women engage in paid work, and for what reasons? For how many hours in a week, or weeks in a year, do they work for wages? What kind of work is it appropriate for women to do or, as some would ask, are they even capable of performing? How should the compensation for that work be established or evaluated? Joyce Burnette–s book Gender, Work, and Wages in Industrial Revolution Britain is an important contribution to the growing body of scholarship that seeks historical answers to these questions. In this roundtable discussion three historians and two economists respond both to Burnette’s book and to the larger scholarly debates about the nature of women’s work in the past. The themes that have most piqued the interest of these respondents lie primarily along three lines: the problem of evaluating the relative strength of male and female labor, and the importance of strength to wage setting; the struggle to properly define power relationships, either between men and women in the household or workplace or between owners of capital and sellers of labor; and the problem of the thinness or thickness of markets or, more specifically, the problem of limited female mobility.
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Tani, Karen M. "Constitutionalization as Statecraft: Vagrant Nation and the Modern American State." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 04 (2018): 1646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12375.
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This essay showcases the contribution of Risa Goluboff's Vagrant Nation (2016) to one field of scholarship that the book scarcely mentions: the historical literature on the American state. In Goluboff's account of the fall of the “vagrancy law regime” in the “long 1960s” I see vital questions about the nature of the modern American state and the endurance of older, seemingly antithetical modes of governance. Given the trends that state-focused scholars have illuminated—for example, toward centralization of power and the protection of individual rights—what allowed for vague, locally enforced vagrancy laws to survive so late into the twentieth century? What ultimately triggered their demise? In mining Vagrant Nation for answers, this essay also urges scholars to contemplate “constitutionalization” as a form of statecraft. In giving a constitutional law framing to the grievances of “vagrants,” federal courts reinforced key tenets of the modern American state, including the supremacy of national law over competing legal orders and the desirability of being a rights-bearing member of the nation-state. Simultaneously, these court decisions left open other, more “modern” possibilities for regulating the kinds of people (poor, nonwhite, unpopular) whom vagrancy laws once ensnared.
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Kranzieritz, Károly. "The Road to Nicopolis, Part 1." Hadtudományi Szemle 13, no. 2 (2020): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2020.2.10.
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In the past decades, or even during the last hundred years, many books and articles have been published on the Crusade in 1396 and on the Battle of Nicopolis. The interest is not surprising, because this was one of the iconic late medieval crusader events. Serious preparations were taken. This includes the parade as well. The theme is huge, so the study is going to deal only with Hungary and the western section of the route of the Hungarian troops. The deployment route of the marching battalions/armies is far from being as clarified as one might think. My study attempts to answer the following questions: When did the Western crusaders reach Buda, and when and on what route did they proceed south? When did the Hungarian king and his barons – and with them the Hungarian troops – join the crusaders? How many columns were involved in the advancement? The study shows that Sigismund, after receiving in Buda the Western leaders, made an important diplomatic detour to the Hungarian-Polish border. The arrival of Western leaders to Buda should be placed on the first half of June. After that the study will take into account the possible routes of the Western and Hungarian Crusaders. Another part of the crusader army was the minor army columns which advanced through Transylvania to Wallachia and were led by the faithful baron of the Hungarian king, Voivode Stibor.
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Heslop, T. A. "The production ofde luxemanuscripts and the patronage of King Cnut and Queen Emma." Anglo-Saxon England 19 (December 1990): 151–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100001654.
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The illustrated manuscripts of later Anglo-Saxon England are justly famed for their beauty. The expense lavished on the most elaborate of them is paralleled in Western Europe at the time only in late-tenth- and eleventh-century Germany. Neither France, Spain nor Italy can offer anything that is comparable to this sustained luxury production. Modern art-historical scholarship on the Anglo-Saxon material has not really attempted to explain this phenomenal industry beyond implying that the vast majority of these books were made in monastic scriptoria and for the use of the church. If this implication is correct, it begs the questions, ‘where did the money come from?’ and ‘whence the desire to spend it in this way?’ Perhaps the questions are not asked because the answers in general terms seem rather obvious. Expenditure on any particular luxury item is usually in part a question of fashion, and fashion in certain circumstances becomes a priority which determines that surplus money is directed towards its indulgence. Doubtless a response along these lines could be fleshed out by a discussion of the sources of income of the Anglo-Saxon church and of its aspirations to conspicuous display. But any exploration of monastic wealth and rivalry for prestige which attempts to explain book production at this period would be based on the assumption, and it is no more than an assumption, that the phenomenon is to be accounted for by ecclesiastical patronage. The arguments brought forward in this paper will be directed towards a different end: that many of the most famous English illuminated books of this period owe their creation to royal money, and that they were produced, sometimes without a particular recipient in mind, to be given as presents which would help cement allegiance to the crown and serve as an indication of the donor's piety. But what is the evidence for this upturn in the production ofde luxemanuscripts?
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Richmann, Jim. "ED answer book." Journal of Emergency Nursing 29, no. 6 (December 2003): 566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(03)00289-7.
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Rubinchik, Olga E. "«They’re not My Kind…» Anna Akhmatova and Natalia Krandievskaya." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 14, no. 2 (2019): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2019-2-41-55.
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N. V. Krandievskaya (1888–1963; her last name became Tolstaya after her second marriage with a writer А. N. Tolstoy) was a Russian poet, the author of three books of verse published during her life (1913, 1919, 1922), an outstanding collection of poems dedicated to the Siege of Leningrad (now St Petersburg) and a memoir. The article is dedicated to one of the longstanding poetical conversations between Natalia Krandievskaya and Anna Akhmatova. In July 1922 Akhmatova wrote a poem “They’re not my kind who left the land / To enemies and plundering...”. The poem can be called a “late reply” or “delayed response” to Krandievskaya, and an “urgent answer” to other addressees, among whom there was Aleksey Tolstoy first of all. A 1913 collection of poems by Krandievskaya includes the following one: “They’re not my kind who meet the life, / As like a dream...”. In this poem, the author speaks about her creative independence from two mainstreams in literature of that time: an emerging acmeism and a seasoned symbolism. Being an acmeist, Akhmatova treated the poem with a strong sense of offence. Besides, criticism of 1910 contributed to the origin of the rivalry between these two young poets. From summer 1918 until summer 1923, Krandievskaya stayed out of Soviet Russia with Tolstoy and their children, from October 1921 they were in Germany. When the publishing of the “Nakanune” newspaper, which actively advocated for coming back to Soviet Russia, started in March 1922 in Berlin, Tolstoy headed its literature department, and then he became an editor of its Sunday supplement. Two poems by Akhmatova were published on the first page of the first newspaper’s supplement on April 30. In response, an open letter by Akhmatova was published on August 1, 1922 in the “Notes on Literary Life” in Petrograd magazine, in which she spoke out against the publication of her poems without her knowledge and consent. The reason was an improper political role of the “Nakanune” newspaper and some Tolstoy’s misdeeds. Thus, the verse “I will not give them my poems” in the poem published in July 1922 and the answer of Akhmatova to the “Nakanune” newspaper in the “Notes on Literary Life” are directly interrelated. The similarity of the verse by Akhmatova with the poem by Krandievskaya suggests that the head of the arrow was aimed at the Tolstoy – Krandievskaya partnership first of all. However, the text by Akhmatova has many more addressees, and its meaning spreads far beyond the boundaries of a simple war of words. It’s “a poetic declaration on behalf of those who decided to stay, not evading a single blow” (R. Timenchick).
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Michelsen, William. "Om Guds datter i folkehøjskolen." Grundtvig-Studier 43, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v43i1.16085.
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About God’s Daughter in the Folk High SchoolMidt i Højskolen (In the Middle of the Folk High School). An anthology published on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Association of Folk High Schools. Edited by Else Marie Boyhus. Gyldendal\ 1991. 269 pp.By William MichelsenThis beautiful book, introduced by the chairman of the Association, Ove Korsgaard, with a description of the development undergone by the folk high school movement since 1961, when the book »The Folk High School under Debate« was published, ends with an article by Ejvind Larsen, »The mysticism of popular democracy«, which has occasioned the present review of the book. Grundtvig’s ideas saturate the book, and it is illustrated with drawings from this century that all represent Grundtvig himself, combining to give a strong impression of the highly different ways in which this man has been perceived since his lifetime.The same is true of the many articles contained in the book, for example one by Henrik Yde about Martin Andersen Nexø and the Germany of the Weimar Republic. - There is hardly any doubt that among Grundtvig’s ideas the concept of the folk high school has been the most important in this century.However, Ejvind Larsen’s article does not deal so much with the cooperative movement or the folk high school as with those poems from Grundtvig’s late years where he speaks about .God’s daughter., and, in the final poems, about the wedding between God’s daughter and God’s Son. In a speech that he gave on his birthday in 1868 (and which is only known in the summary version that was published after that .Meeting of Friends.), he spoke about the »the Heavenly Father’s Daughter« who was to be raised in the North, »in another small holy land« - »as He raised His Son in the regions of Galilee«. Ejvind Larsen poses the question whether what Grundtvig had in mind may have been a »Wisdom«, corresponding to the »Sophia« that plays such an important role in the mysticism of the Byzantine Church, and after whom the main church in Constantinople was called. He confines himself to posing the question, and that is as it should be. For Grundtvig does not use the word or the name »Sophia« in any of the passages that he quotes from Grundtvig’s texts.According to Ejvind Larsen, Grundtvig, in his late work, comes closest to this Christian mysticism in the poem Dansk Ravnegalder (1860), which Grundtvig never had printed himself. It has been published by Holger Begtrup in Selected Works by Grundtvig, vol. X, pp. 363-484, without a commentary. Ejvind Larsen quotes some lines from it which say that metaphorically »Danish popular enlightenment« is a sister of »He who is the Light Himself«, and that it must have been created by God.The point of departure in Ejvind Larsen’s article is an emendation made by Grundtvig in 1861 in the second edition of »Scenes from Heroic Life in the North« in which the Christian Odinkar attempts unsuccessfully to convert the heathen Vagn Aagesen to Christianity. Vagn Aagesen refuses to believe that Jesus really did crush the head of the Evil One. Odinkar answers that by virtue of His victory the Christians are now able to vanquish the Subtil One »with Wisdom«. Ejvind Larsen theorizes that this »Wisdom« may be the Sophia of the Byzantine Church. The word »wisdom« does not occur in the original version from 1811. There is no doubt that Grundtvig emended the text so that it would agree with the stage in his view of Christianity that he had reached in 1861. But this does not necessarily mean that the word .wisdom. is identical with the Sophia of the Byzantine Church.It is a peculiar characteristic of Ejvind Larsen’s article that he does not emphasize the ecclesiastical side of Grundtvig’s Christian view of man, but rather the importance it has acquired for the concept of the folk high school and thus for popular democracy, in particular through Grundtvig’s idea of man as a »divine experiment« (Norse Mythology, 1832).
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Cho, Dongsae, Cynthia M. Combe, and Gerald J. Talbot. "Employee Benefits Answer Book." Journal of Risk and Insurance 63, no. 3 (September 1996): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253631.
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Kutner, Linda. "The Breastfeeding Answer Book." Journal of Human Lactation 8, no. 2 (June 1992): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033449200800224.
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