Journal articles: 'In Death Series'

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Dey, Arijit, Aravindan Vijay Kumar, Swati Tyagi, Neha Sharma, and Pooja Gajmer. "Death Due to Hanging in Adolescents: A Case Series." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 12, no. 3 (2019): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.12319.16.

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Langan, Y. "Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a series of witnessed deaths." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.68.2.211.

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Lester, David. "Time-Series Analysis of Suicidal and Undetermined Deaths." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3_suppl (December 1997): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3f.1242.

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The suicide rate and the death rate for undetermined causes were negatively associated over time from 1968 to 1990 in the USA, suggesting that these undetermined deaths may include a fair proportion of suicides. In contrast, there was no association between suicide and undetermined death rates over the states in 1980.

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Freedland, Kenneth E., and David S. Sheps. "Mini-Series on Timing of Death." Psychosomatic Medicine 66, no. 3 (May 2004): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000129696.13858.43.

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Liljenberg, Per. "On the use of real-time reported mortality data in modelling and analysis during an epidemic outbreak." Gates Open Research 4 (September 11, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13180.1.

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Background: For diseases like Covid-19, where it has been difficult to identify the true number of infected people, or where the number of known cases is heavily influenced by the number of tests performed, hospitalizations and deaths play a significant role in understanding the epidemic and in determining the appropriate response. However, the Covid-19 deaths data reported by some countries display a significant weekly variability, which can make the interpretation and use of the death data in analysis and modeling difficult. Methods: We derive the mathematical relationship between the series of new daily deaths by reporting date and the series of deaths by death date. We then apply this formalism to the corresponding time-series reported by Sweden during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results: The practice of reporting new deaths daily, as is standard procedure during an outbreak in most countries and regions, should be viewed as a time-dependent filter, modulating the underlying true death curve. After having characterized the Swedish reporting process, we show how smoothing of the Swedish reported daily deaths series results in a curve distinctly different from the true death curve. We also comment on the use of nowcasting methods. Conclusions: Modelers and analysts using the series of new daily deaths by reporting date should take extra care when it is highly variable and when there is a significant reporting delay. It might be appropriate to instead use the series of deaths by death date combined with a nowcasting algorithm as basis for their analysis.

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Garstang, Joanna J., Michael J. Campbell, Marta C. Cohen, Robert C. Coombs, Charlotte Daman Willems, Angela McKenzie, Angela Moore, and Alison Waite. "Recurrent sudden unexpected death in infancy: a case series of sibling deaths." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 10 (June 11, 2020): 945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318379.

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ObjectivesTo determine the rate of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) for infants born after a previous SUDI in the same family, and to establish the causes of death and the frequency of child protection concerns in families with recurrent SUDI.DesignObservational study using clinical case records.SettingThe UK’s Care of Next Infant (CONI) programme, which provides additional care to families who have experienced SUDI with their subsequent children.PatientsInfants registered on CONI between January 2000 and December 2015.Main outcome measuresCause of death, presence of modifiable risk factors for SUDI and child protection concerns.ResultsThere were 6608 live-born infants registered in CONI with 29 deaths. 26 families had 2 deaths, and 3 families had 3 deaths. The SUDI rate for infants born after one SUDI is 3.93 (95% CI 2.7 to 5.8) per 1000 live births. Cause of death was unexplained for 19 first and 15 CONI deaths. Accidental asphyxia accounted for 2 first and 6 CONI deaths; medical causes for 3 first and 4 CONI deaths; and homicide for 2 first and 4 CONI deaths. 10 families had child protection concerns.ConclusionsThe SUDI rate for siblings is 10 times higher than the current UK SUDI rate. Homicide presenting as recurrent SUDI is very rare. Many parents continued to smoke and exposed infants to hazardous co-sleeping situations, with these directly leading to or contributing to the death of six siblings. SUDI parents need support to improve parenting skills and reduce risk to subsequent infants.

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Fedeli, U., E. Schievano, S. Masotto, E. Bonora, and G. Zoppini. "Time series of diabetes attributable mortality from 2008 to 2017." Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 45, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40618-021-01549-w.

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Abstract Purpose Diabetes is a growing health problem. The aim of this study was to capture time trends in mortality associated with diabetes. Methods The mortality database of the Veneto region (Italy) includes both the underlying causes of death, and all the diseases mentioned in the death certificate. The annual percent change (APC) in age-standardized rates from 2008 to 2017 was computed by the Joinpoint Regression Program. Results Overall 453,972 deaths (56,074 with mention of diabetes) were observed among subjects aged ≥ 40 years. Mortality rates declined for diabetes as the underlying cause of death and from diabetes-related circulatory diseases. The latter declined especially in females − 4.4 (CI 95% − 5.3/− 3.4), while in males the APC was − 2.8 (CI 95% − 4.0/− 1.6). Conclusion We observed a significant reduction in mortality during the period 2008–2017 in diabetes either as underlying cause of death or when all mentions of diabetes in the death certificate were considered.

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Brahams, D. "Series of errors which culminated in death." Anaesthesia 45, no. 4 (April 1990): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14746.x.

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Advenier, Anne-Sophie, Nadege Guillard, Jean-Claude Alvarez, Laurent Martrille, and Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison. "Undetermined Manner of Death: An Autopsy Series." Journal of Forensic Sciences 61 (August 3, 2015): S154—S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12924.

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Lin, Peter T., and Sarah Thomas. "Forensic Considerations in a Series of 14 Deaths of Patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device." Academic Forensic Pathology 9, no. 3-4 (September 2019): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362119893459.

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Introduction: To better understand the forensic implications of death with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), we reviewed all deaths that were reported to a regional medical examiner jurisdiction involving patients who had an LVAD. Methods: Medical examiner case files between January 2012 and September 2018 were searched for “LVAD” and “left ventricular assist device” to identify deaths that were reported to the medical examiner involving a decedent who had an LVAD at the time of death. Results: During the study period, a total of 14 deaths were reported to the regional medical examiner involving decedents who had an implanted LVAD at the time of death. The average age at death was 64 years, with a range from 40 to 81 years. The underlying cardiac disease leading to LVAD implantation was ischemic heart disease (n = 9), nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 4), and chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity (n = 1). Of these 14 deaths, 2 deaths were due to loss of power to the LVAD, 1 death was due to traumatic subdural hemorrhage occurring in the setting of anticoagulation therapy required by LVAD implantation, and 1 death was due to femur fracture following a fall. Discussion: Medical examiners should be familiar with the potential complications of LVADs, especially those complications that may prompt consideration of non-natural manners of death. Medical examiners should also be aware of the tools and investigative strategies that may assist in the investigation of LVAD-related deaths.

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Sonwani, Nagendra Singh, Navneet Ateriya, and Arvind Kumar. "Dying from haemorrhagic cardiac tamponade – a case series." Medico-Legal Journal 87, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817219867268.

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Cardiac tamponade is a condition produced by the rapid accumulation of pericardial fluid, which restricts the filling of the heart. Often the forensic pathologist comes across different naturally occurring sudden deaths. Cardiovascular causes are the most common. Death due to cardiac tamponade can cause sudden cardiac death. Acute cardiac tamponade is almost invariably fatal, unless the pressure is relieved by removing the pericardial fluid, either by needle pericardiocentesis or surgical procedures. Cardiac tamponade is more commonly associated with cases of trauma, operative procedures, secondary to myocardial infarction or intra pericardial rupture of great vessels. Previous literature showed an association of cardiac tamponade with many other pathological conditions such as malignancy, central venous catheterisation, open heart surgery, dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, myocardial abscess, infective endocarditis, etc. We report a series of three cases where cardiac tamponade was given as the cause of death on autopsy secondary to post-myocardial infarction wall rupture.

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Oyekan, P. J., H. C. Gorton, and C. S. Copeland. "Over-the-counter antihistamines in drug-related deaths: a population-based case series." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, Supplement_1 (March 26, 2021): i30—i31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab015.037.

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Abstract Introduction Antihistamines are not one of the medicine groups reported on in the Office for National Statistics drug-related death data. (1) However, there is concern that first-generation antihistamines are misused for their sedative properties. This is amplified by a recent social media challenge, which resulted in deaths due to diphenhydramine overdose. (2) The extent of the involvement of antihistamines in deaths is largely unknown. Aim We aimed to evaluate deaths related to antihistamines in England (2000–2019) by individual drug, medicine classification (POM, P, GSL), whether the drug was considered attributable to the death (known as implication rate), or incidental; and examine temporal trends. Methods Deaths are reported voluntarily by coroners to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD) in cases where psychoactive drugs were detected at post-mortem and/or when the decedent was known to abuse drugs. NPSAD holds data on decedent demographics (gender, age, employment status, living arrangements), details pertaining to the death (cause(s) of death, manner of death, conclusion of inquest, toxicology reports) and past social and medical histories, including drugs prescribed. From this dataset, we extracted all cases where an antihistamine was detected at post-mortem between 2000 and 2019. We report descriptive statistics to describe the reporting of antihistamines in deaths. Results We identified 1666 antihistamine detections from 1537 individuals. The significant majority of these were sedative antihistamines which are classed as pharmacy medicines (P) (85.2%, p<0.01); deaths where prescription-only antihistamines were detected represented fewer than 7.0% of cases. Despite an increasing trend for antihistamine detections in deaths over time, the proportion of deaths where the detected antihistamine was implicated in causing the death declined over the same period (average implication rate 2000–2005: 58.7%; 2014–2019: 28.4%). Whilst death was deemed accidental in the majority of cases (66.1%), a significant proportion of cases were concluded as suicide (20.9%, p<0.01).Polydrug use was evident in the vast majority of cases (98.5%), with central nervous system depressants the most commonly co-administered substances (94.8% of cases). Conclusion We describe the first report regarding antihistamine-related mortality from England. From the NPSAD, we can obtain prescription source and toxicology reports, beyond those reported in national death data. Although incomplete, the response from coroners is good (89%), and provides sufficient cause for concern. The rising trend in antihistamine-related deaths may in-part be contributed to by the perceived negligible dangers associated with antihistamines, both from the general public and professionals. Awareness of the dangerous sedative properties that some antihistamines possess is however heightened in individuals who are deliberately seeking out these effects. An urgent review of sedating antihistamines currently assigned under the P classification is needed to achieve antihistamine harm reduction, balanced against the self-care they enable. References 1. Office for National Statistics. Deaths related to drug poisoning in England and Wales: 2019 registration [internet]. 2020 [cited 18 Oct 2020]. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsrelatedtodrugpoisoninginenglandandwales/2019registrations 2. US FDA. Benadryl (diphenhydramine): Drug Safety Communication - Serious Problems with High Doses of the Allergy Medicine. 2020.

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Ajdacic-Gross, Vladeta, Daniel Knöpfli, Karin Landolt, Michal Gostynski, Stefan T. Engelter, Philippe A. Lyrer, Felix Gutzwiller, and Wulf Rössler. "Death has a preference for birthdays—an analysis of death time series." Annals of Epidemiology 22, no. 8 (August 2012): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.04.016.

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Costa, Flávia Azevedo de Mattos Moura, Ruth França Cizino da Trindade, and Claudia Benedita dos Santos. "Deaths from homicides: a historical series." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, no. 6 (December 2014): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3603.2511.

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OBJECTIVE: to describe mortality from homicides in Itabuna, in the State of Bahia.METHOD: study with hybrid, ecological and time-trend design. The mortality coefficients per 1,000 inhabitants, adjusted by the direct technique, proportional mortality by sex and age range, and Potential Years of Life Lost were all calculated.RESULTS: since 2005, the external causes have moved from third to second most-common cause of death, with homicides being responsible for the increase. In the 13 years analyzed, homicides have risen 203%, with 94% of these deaths occurring among the male population. Within this group, the growth occurred mainly in the age range from 15 to 29 years of age. It was ascertained that 83% of the deaths were caused by firearms; 57.2% occurred in public thoroughfares; and 98.4% in the urban zone. In 2012, the 173 homicides resulted in 7,837 potential years of life lost, with each death causing, on average, the loss of 45.3 years.CONCLUSIONS: mortality by homicide in a medium-sized city in Bahia reaches levels observed in the big cities of Brazil in the 1980s, evidencing that the phenomenon of criminality - formerly predominant only in the big urban centers - is advancing into the rural area of Brazil, causing changes in the map of violent homicide in Brazil.

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Branson, David. "Inhomogeneous birth-death and birth-death-immigration processes and the logarithmic series distribution." Stochastic Processes and their Applications 39, no. 1 (October 1991): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4149(91)90037-d.

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Pathak, Akhilesh. "Sudden death during laparoscopic tubal ligationa case series." Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 37, no. 1 (2020): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4568.2020.00010.1.

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Balgradean, Mihaela, Mihai Ceausu, Eliza Cinteza, Florin Filipoiu, Sorin Hostiuc, Viorel Jinga, and Dana Sîrbu. "Death caused by hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Case series." Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine 21, no. 3 (2013): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2013.185.

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Meslé, France, and Jacques Vallin. "Reconstructing Long-Term Series of Causes of Death." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 29, no. 2 (April 1996): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1996.10112731.

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Matsuda, Takami. "Death and transience in the Vernon refrain series∗." English Studies 70, no. 3 (June 1989): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138388908598627.

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Rastogi, Prateek, and Vikram Palimar. "A case series of tuberculosis related sudden death." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 17, no. 8 (November 2010): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2010.09.007.

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Llompart Pons, Auba. "THE NEXT GREAT ADVENTURE: REPRESENTATIONS OF DEATH IN J. K. ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER SERIES." AILIJ. Anuario de Investigación en Literatura Infantil y Juvenil, no. 19 (December 24, 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35869/ailij.v0i19.3715.

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In line with previous studies about the importance of breaking with taboos surrounding death in children’s and YA literature, this article examines how this topic is treated in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. Whereas other critical works have focused on Rowling’s excessive representations of violent deaths, I concentrate on the more benign portrayals of this reality that can also be found in her novels. I contend that the series ultimately renders and treats death as a complex issue. On one hand, Rowling embraces the pedagogy of death with her explicit didactic message that death is not evil per se and has to be accepted as a natural part of our existence, an idea which is central to the series. On the other hand, this study also looks into the ways in which deviates from the pedagogy of death, arguing that this does not necessarily detract from the series’ potential to promote a healthy view of this topic among readers. On the contrary, Rowling’s capacity to teach her audience lessons about death while, at the same time, acknowledging that these lessons may sometimes be at odds with how readers actually feel about the end of life makes for a complex, sensitive and humane rendering of this subject.

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Wammes, Joost D., Miharu Nakanishi, Jenny T. van der Steen, and Janet L. MacNeil Vroomen. "Japanese National Dementia Plan Is Associated with a Small Shift in Location of Death: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 83, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210521.

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Background: Japan has one of the highest percentages of persons with dementia and hospital deaths in the world. Hospitals are often not equipped to handle the care complexity required for persons with dementia at the end of life. The National Dementia Orange plan aimed to decrease hospital deaths by expanding time in the community. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the National Dementia Orange Plan is associated with a decrease in hospitals deaths for persons with dementia. Methods: We used quarterly, cross-sectional, national death certificate data consisting of the total Japanese dementia population 65 years and older, spanning a period from 2009 to 2016. The primary outcome was quarterly adjusted relative risk rates (aRRR) of dying in hospital, nursing home, home, or elsewhere. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to study the slope change over time. Analyses were adjusted for sex and seasonality. Results: 149,638 died with dementia. With the implementation of the Orange Plan, death in nursing home (aRRR 1.08, [1.07–1.08], p < 0.001) and elsewhere (aRRR 1.05, [1.05–1.06], p < 0.001) increased over time compared to hospital death. No changes were found in death at home. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the National Dementia Orange plan was associated with a small increase in death in nursing home and elsewhere. Hospital death remained the primary location of death. End-of-life strategies should be expanded in national dementia policies to increase aging in the community until death.

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Hino, Paula, Moacyr Lobo da Costa-Júnior, Cinthia Midori Sassaki, Mayra Fernanda Oliveira, Tereza Cristina Scatena Villa, and Claudia Benedita dos Santos. "Time series of tuberculosis mortality in Brazil (1980-2001)." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 15, no. 5 (October 2007): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692007000500009.

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This descriptive study aimed to describe Tuberculosis-related mortality in Brazil between 1980 and 2001, through time series analysis of data from the DATASUS related to cases in which Tuberculosis was the basic cause of death. The mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants according to gender and age. We found a decrease in Tuberculosis mortality of approximately 42% for men and 54% for women across the period analyzed. The International Classification of Diseases was used: ICD-9, for the period of 1980 to 1995; ICD-10 for 1996 to 2001. Deaths are related to late diagnosis, which is a problem of organization of the primary health care, as neither prevention actions nor case detections by active search for respiratory symptoms were incorporated into the health professionals' practice which contributes to higher death rates in more vulnerable groups.

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Ku, Teh-Lung, Shangde Luo, Tim K. Lowenstein, Jianren Li, and Ronald J. Spencer. "U-Series Chronology of Lacustrine Deposits in Death Valley, California." Quaternary Research 50, no. 3 (November 1998): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1995.

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Uranium-series dating on a 186-m core (DV93-1) drilled from Badwater Basin in Death Valley, California, and on calcareous tufas from nearby strandlines shows that Lake Manly, the lake that periodically flooded Death Valley during the late Pleistocene, experienced large fluctuations in depth and chemistry over the last 200,000 yr. Death Valley has been occupied by a long-standing deep lake, perennial shallow saline lakes, and a desiccated salt pan similar to the modern valley floor. The average sedimentation rate of about 1 mm/yr for core DV93-1 was punctuated by episodes of more-rapid accumulation of halite. Arid conditions similar to the modern conditions prevailed during the entire Holocene and between 120,000 and 60,000 yr B.P. From 35,000 yr B.P. to the beginning of the Holocene, a perennial saline lake existed, over 70 m at its deepest. A much deeper and longer lasting perennial Lake Manly existed from about 185,000 to 128,000 yr B.P., with water depths reaching about 175 m, if not 330 m. This lake had two significant “dry” excursions of 102–103yr duration about 166,000 and 146,000 yr B.P., and it began to shrink to the point of halite precipitation between 128,000 and 120,000 yr B.P. The two perennial lake periods correspond to marine oxygen isotopic stages (OIS) 2 and 6. Based on the shoreline tufa ages, we do not rule out the possible existence ∼200,000 yr ago of yet a third perennial lake comparable in size to the OIS 6 lake. The234U/238U data suggest that U in tufa owes its origin mainly to Ca-rich springs fed by groundwater that emanated along lake shorelines in southern Death Valley, and that an increase of this spring-water input relative to the river-water input apparently occurred during OIS 6.

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Papsun, Donna, Amy Hawes, Amanda L. A. Mohr, Melissa Friscia, and Barry K. Logan. "Case Series of Novel Illicit Opioid-Related Deaths." Academic Forensic Pathology 7, no. 3 (September 2017): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2017.040.

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Novel illicit opioids, such as furanyl fentanyl and U-47700, are being encountered with increasing frequency in street heroin samples and have been confirmed in a series of overdose deaths in Tennessee. In this paper, we report the pathology and toxicology from 11 deaths involving furanyl fentanyl and U-47700. Routine toxicology was performed on postmortem femoral or antemortem hospital blood samples with targeted broad spectrum drug screening using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Confirmation and quantitation of the opioid agonists U-47700 and furanyl fentanyl was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) using a novel method. Two cases were identified as containing U-47700 in whole blood (189 and 547 ng/mL), and nine cases contained furanyl fentanyl in whole blood, with concentrations ranging from 2.0 – 42.9 ng/mL. In all 11 cases, the manner of death was deemed accident, with drug intoxication being the primary cause of death; one case was complicated by smoke inhalation. All of the decedents were males ranging from 18-62 years, with the median age being 36 years old. The successful identification and confirmation of these novel illicit opioids in this case series relied on the comprehensive investigation and collaboration of scene investigation, forensic pathology, and forensic toxicology.

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Xia, Tian, Fang Fang, Scott Montgomery, Bo Fang, Chunfang Wang, and Yang Cao. "Sex differences in associations of fine particulate matter with non-accidental deaths: an ecological time-series study." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 14, no. 6 (January 29, 2021): 863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-00985-0.

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AbstractSex differences in the impact of exposure to air pollution have been reported previously and epidemiological studies indicate that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) effects on nonaccidental death are modified by sex; however, the results are not conclusive. To introduce a new method incorporating the monotone nonlinear relationship between PM2.5 and deaths to reveal the sex difference in the relationship, we illustrated the use of the constrained generalized additive model (CGAM) to investigate the sex difference in the effects of PM2.5 on nonaccidental deaths in Shanghai, China. Information on daily non-accidental deaths, air pollution, meteorological data, and smoking prevalence between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 was obtained in Shanghai. The CGAM was used to assess the association of interaction between sex and daily PM2.5 concentrations with daily nonaccidental deaths, adjusting for weather type and smoking rate. A 2-week lag analysis was conducted as a sensitivity analysis. During the study period, the total number of non-accidental deaths in Shanghai was 336,379, with a daily mean of 163 deaths and 144 deaths for men and women, respectively. The average daily concentration of PM2.5 in Shanghai was 55.0 μg/m3 during the same time period. Women showed a lower risk for non-accidental death (risk ratio (RR) = 0.892, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.802–0.993). Compared with men, the risk for nonaccidental death in relation to increasing PM2.5 concentration was smaller in women (RR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996–1.000, per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. The difference is consistent during the two lag weeks and more obvious when adjusting for the interaction between PM2.5 concentration and smoking prevalence. The effects of PM2.5 on daily nonaccidental death are different between men and women in Shanghai, China, and women tend to have a lower risk. The underlying mechanisms of the sex difference of PM2.5 effects on death need further investigation. The method displayed in the manuscript can be used for other environmental stressors as well.

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Ramírez-Soto, Max Carlos, Gutia Ortega-Cáceres, and Hugo Arroyo-Hernández. "Excess all-cause deaths stratified by sex and age in Peru: a time series analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e057056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057056.

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BackgroundIn this study, we estimated excess all-cause deaths and excess death rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in 25 Peruvian regions, stratified by sex and age group.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwenty-five Peruvian regions with complete mortality data.ParticipantsAnnual all-cause official mortality data set from SINADEF (Sistema Informático Nacional de Defunciones) at the Ministry of Health of Peru for 2017–2020, disaggregated by age and sex.Main outcome measuresExcess deaths and excess death rates (observed deaths vs expected deaths) in 2020 by sex and age (0–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 and ≥80 years) were estimated using P-score. The ORs for excess mortality were summarised with a random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsIn the period between January and December 2020, we estimated an excess of 68 608 (117%) deaths in men and 34 742 (69%) deaths in women, corresponding to an excess death rate of 424 per 100 000 men and 211 per 100 000 women compared with the expected mortality rate. The number of excess deaths increased with age and was higher in men aged 60–69 years (217%) compared with women (121%). Men between the ages of 40 and 79 years experienced twice the rate of excess deaths compared with the expected rate. In eight regions, excess deaths were higher than 100% in men, and in seven regions excess deaths were higher than 70% in women. Men in eight regions and women in one region had two times increased odds of excess death than the expected mortality. There were differences in excess mortality according to temporal distribution by epidemiological week.ConclusionApproximately 100 000 excess all-cause deaths occurred in 2020 in Peru. Age-stratified excess death rates were higher in men than in women. There was strong excess in geographical and temporal mortality patterns according to region.

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Mutlu, Emre, Yasemin Balcı, and Çetin Seçkin. "Death Due to Methanol Poisoning in Muğla: Case Series." Bulletin of Legal Medicine 27, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.1570.

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Oruç, Mucahit, Ahmet Sedat Dündar, Hasan Okumuş, Mümine Görmez, Emine Türkmen Şamdancı, and Osman Celbiş. "Shaken baby syndrome resulting in death: a case series." Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 63, no. 1 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24953/turkjped.2021.01.004.

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Yu, Wenguang, Yaodi Yong, Guofeng Guan, Yujuan Huang, Wen Su, and Chaoran Cui. "Valuing Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits by Cosine Series Expansion." Mathematics 7, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7090835.

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Recently, the valuation of variable annuity products has become a hot topic in actuarial science. In this paper, we use the Fourier cosine series expansion (COS) method to value the guaranteed minimum death benefit (GMDB) products. We first express the value of GMDB by the discounted density function approach, then we use the COS method to approximate the valuation Equations. When the distribution of the time-until-death random variable is approximated by a combination of exponential distributions and the price of the fund is modeled by an exponential Lévy process, explicit equations for the cosine coefficients are given. Some numerical experiments are also made to illustrate the efficiency of our method.

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Dalavayi, Satya, and Joseph A. Prahlow. "Sudden death during hip replacement surgery: A case series." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 66 (August 2019): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2019.06.010.

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Fisher-Hubbard, Amanda O., Kilak Kesha, Francisco Diaz, Chantel Njiwaji, PaoLin Chi, and Carl J. Schmidt. "Commode Cardia-Death by Valsalva Maneuver: A Case Series." Journal of Forensic Sciences 61, no. 6 (September 22, 2016): 1541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13196.

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Rück, Christian, David Mataix-Cols, Kinda Malki, Mats Adler, Oskar Flygare, Bo Runeson, and Anna Sidorchuk. "Swedish nationwide time series analysis of influenza and suicide deaths from 1910 to 1978." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e049302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049302.

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ObjectivesThere is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic will be associated with an increase in suicides, but evidence supporting a link between pandemics and suicide is limited. Using data from the three influenza pandemics of the 20th century, we aimed to investigate whether an association exists between influenza deaths and suicide deaths.DesignTime series analysis.SettingSweden.ParticipantsDeaths from influenza and suicides extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of Sweden for 1910–1978, covering three pandemics (the Spanish influenza, the Asian influenza and the Hong Kong influenza).Main outcome measuresAnnual suicide rates in Sweden among the whole population, men and women. Non-linear autoregressive distributed lag models was implemented to explore if there is a short-term and/or long-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates with suicide rates during 1910–1978.ResultsBetween 1910 and 1978, there was no evidence of either short-term or long-term significant associations between influenza death rates and changes in suicides (β coefficients of 0.00002, p=0.931 and β=0.00103, p=0.764 for short-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates, respectively, with suicide rates, and β=−0.0002, p=0.998 and β=0.00211, p=0.962 for long-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates, respectively, with suicide rates). The same pattern emerged in separate analyses for men and women.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of short-term or long-term association between influenza death rates and suicide death rates across three 20th century pandemics.

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Mhyre, Jill M., Monica N. Riesner, Linda S. Polley, and Norah N. Naughton. "A Series of Anesthesia-related Maternal Deaths in Michigan, 1985–2003." Anesthesiology 106, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000267592.34626.6b.

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Background Maternal Mortality Surveillance has been conducted by the State of Michigan since 1950, and anesthesia-related maternal deaths were most recently reviewed for the years 1972-1984. Methods Records for pregnancy-associated deaths between 1985 and 2003 were reviewed to identify 25 cases associated with a perioperative arrest or major anesthetic complication. Four obstetric anesthesiologists independently classified these cases, and disagreements were resolved by discussion. Precise definitions of anesthesia-related and anesthesia-contributing maternal death were constructed. Anesthesia-related deaths were reviewed to identify the chain of medical errors or care management problems that contributed to each patient death. Results Of 855 pregnancy-associated deaths, 8 were anesthesia-related and 7 were anesthesia-contributing. There were no deaths during induction of general anesthesia. Five resulted from hypoventilation or airway obstruction during emergence, extubation, or recovery. Lapses in either postoperative monitoring or anesthesiology supervision seemed to contribute to 5 of the 8 anesthesia-related deaths. Other characteristics common to these cases included obesity (n=6) and African-American race (n=6). Conclusions The 8 anesthesia-related and seven anesthesia-contributing maternal deaths in Michigan between 1985 and 2003 illustrate three key points. First, all anesthesia-related deaths from airway obstruction or hypoventilation took place during emergence and recovery, not during the induction of general anesthesia. Second, system errors played a role in the majority of cases. Of concern, lapses in postoperative monitoring and inadequate supervision by an anesthesiologist seemed to contribute to more than half of the deaths. Finally, this report confirms previous work that obesity and African-American race are important risk factors for anesthesia-related maternal mortality.

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Gomes, Barbara, Natalia Calanzani, and Irene J. Higginson. "Reversal of the British trends in place of death: Time series analysis 2004–2010." Palliative Medicine 26, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216311432329.

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Background: Increased attention is being paid to the place where people die with a view to providing choice and adequately planning care for terminally ill patients. Secular trends towards an institutionalised dying have been reported in Britain and other developed world regions. Aim: This study aimed to examine British national trends in place of death from 2004 to 2010. Design and setting: Descriptive analysis of death registration data from the Office for National Statistics, representing all 3,525,564 decedents in England and Wales from 2004 to 2010. Results: There was a slow but steady increase in the proportion of deaths at home, from 18.3% in 2004 to 20.8% in 2010. Absolute numbers of home deaths increased by 9.1%, whilst overall numbers of deaths decreased by 3.8%. The rise in home deaths was more pronounced in cancer, happened for both genders and across all age groups, except for those younger than 14 years and for those aged 65–84, but only up to 2006. The rise was more evident when ageing was accounted for (age–gender standardised proportions of home deaths increased from 20.6% to 23.5%). Conclusions: Following trends in the USA and Canada, dying is also shifting to people’s homes in Britain. Home deaths increased for the first time since 1974 amongst people aged 85 years and over. There is an urgent need across nations for comparative evidence on the outcomes and the costs of dying at home.

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Branson, David. "Inhomogeneous birth-death and birth–death–immigration processes and the logarithmic series distribution. Part 2." Stochastic Processes and their Applications 86, no. 2 (April 2000): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4149(99)00093-9.

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King, Jennifer, and Bert Hayslip. "The Media's Influence on College Students' Views of Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 44, no. 1 (February 2002): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hgxd-6wlj-x56f-4aql.

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This study examined the media's influence on 147 college students' views of death. Utilizing the revised Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale, the Incomplete Sentence Blank task, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory measure of Anxiety, the Byrne Repression-Sensitization Scale, and the Media Consumption Scale, a series of MANCOVAs indicated that greater death anxiety was related to the portrayal of group deaths in the media. Results indicated that in some cases, general references to death by the media may bring death fears into consciousness and have no effect on the unconscious, yet specific, real-life examples may increase both unconscious and conscious death fears. In general, conscious and unconscious death fears increased with greater death related media exposure.

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Tawiah, Kassim, Wahab Abdul Iddrisu, and Killian Asampana Asosega. "Zero-Inflated Time Series Modelling of COVID-19 Deaths in Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5543977.

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Discrete count time series data with an excessive number of zeros have warranted the development of zero-inflated time series models to incorporate the inflation of zeros and the overdispersion that comes with it. In this paper, we investigated the characteristics of the trend of daily count of COVID-19 deaths in Ghana using zero-inflated models. We envisaged that the trend of COVID-19 deaths per day in Ghana portrays a general increase from the onset of the pandemic in the country to about day 160 after which there is a general decrease onward. We fitted a zero-inflated Poisson autoregressive model and zero-inflated negative binomial autoregressive model to the data in the partial-likelihood framework. The zero-inflated negative binomial autoregressive model outperformed the zero-inflated Poisson autoregressive model. On the other hand, the dynamic zero-inflated Poisson autoregressive model performed better than the dynamic negative binomial autoregressive model. The predicted new death based on the zero-inflated negative binomial autoregressive model indicated that Ghana’s COVID-19 death per day will rise sharply few days after 30th November 2020 and drastically fall just as in the observed data.

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Djusad, Suskhan, Alfa Putri Meutia, Arresta Suastika, Gita Nurul Hidayah, Ilham Utama Surya, Muhammad Priangga, Raden Fadhly, and Achmad Kemal Harzif. "Maternal Death Caused by Severe-Critical COVID-19 in Jakarta: Case Series." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. C (July 22, 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6250.

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BACKGROUND: As of January 2021, Indonesia had the 21st highest number of total COVID-19 cases and the 17th highest total deaths among all countries. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women seems to negatively affect both maternal and neonatal outcomes. CASE REPORT: We describe four cases of pregnant women confirmed with severe and critical COVID-19 that resulted in maternal death from November until December 2020. The first case was complicated with thrombocytopenia, her condition quickly deteriorated post-delivery. Pulmonary embolism was suspected as the cause of death. Second and third cases were complicated with preeclampsia, obesity, and advanced maternal age. Second case came in sepsis condition. Her SARS CoV-2 RTPCR swab test came out after her death. Third patient did not have COVID-19 symptoms at admission. She starts having symptoms on second day and was confirmed positive a day after. She falls in septic shock. Fourth patient has history of fever, cough, and dyspnea. She was confirmed positive on first day and her condition worsened, diagnosed with bacterial co-infection sepsis on day eight. All patients underwent cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Limited information and studies for COVID-19 management in pregnant women are challenging for obstetricians. Management should be individualized weighing the benefit and risks in presence of comorbidities or accompanying disease.

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Rajahram, Giri S., Daniel J. Cooper, Timothy William, Matthew J. Grigg, Nicholas M. Anstey, and Bridget E. Barber. "Deaths From Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria: Case Series and Systematic Review." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 10 (January 8, 2019): 1703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz011.

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Abstract Background Plasmodium knowlesi causes severe and fatal malaria, and incidence in Southeast Asia is increasing. Factors associated with death are not clearly defined. Methods All malaria deaths in Sabah, Malaysia, from 2015 to 2017 were identified from mandatory reporting to the Sabah Department of Health. Case notes were reviewed, and a systematic review of these and all previously reported fatal P. knowlesi cases was conducted. Case fatality rates (CFRs) during 2010–2017 were calculated using incidence data from the Sabah Department of Health. Results Six malaria deaths occurred in Sabah during 2015–2017, all from P. knowlesi. Median age was 40 (range, 23–58) years; 4 cases (67%) were male. Three (50%) had significant cardiovascular comorbidities and 1 was pregnant. Delays in administering appropriate therapy contributed to 3 (50%) deaths. An additional 26 fatal cases were included in the systematic review. Among all 32 cases, 18 (56%) were male; median age was 56 (range, 23–84) years. Cardiovascular-metabolic disease, microscopic misdiagnosis, and delay in commencing intravenous treatment were identified in 11 of 32 (34%), 26 of 29 (90%), and 11 of 31 (36%) cases, respectively. The overall CFR during 2010–2017 was 2.5/1000: 6.0/1000 for women and 1.7/1000 for men (P = .01). Independent risk factors for death included female sex (odds ratio, 2.6; P = .04), and age ≥45 years (odds ratio, 4.7; P < .01). Conclusions Earlier presentation, more rapid diagnosis, and administration of intravenous artesunate may avoid fatal outcomes, particularly in females, older adults, and patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.

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Pérez-García, Carlos Nicolás, Daniel Enríquez-Vázquez, Manuel Méndez-Bailón, Carmen Olmos, Juan Carlos Gómez-Polo, Rosario Iguarán, Noemí Ramos-López, et al. "The SADDEN DEATH Study: Results from a Pilot Study in Non-ICU COVID-19 Spanish Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040825.

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Introduction: The worldwide pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infection with serious clinical manifestations, including death. Our aim is to describe the first non-ICU Spanish deceased series with COVID-19, comparing specifically between unexpected and expected deaths. Methods: In this single-centre study, all deceased inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who had died from March 4 to April 16, 2020 were consecutively included. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, were analyzed and compared between groups. Factors associated with unexpected death were identified by multivariable logistic regression methods. Results: In total, 324 deceased patients were included. Median age was 82 years (IQR 76–87); 55.9% males. The most common cardiovascular risk factors were hypertension (78.4%), hyperlipidemia (57.7%), and diabetes (34.3%). Other common comorbidities were chronic kidney disease (40.1%), chronic pulmonary disease (30.3%), active cancer (13%), and immunosuppression (13%). The Confusion, BUN, Respiratory Rate, Systolic BP and age ≥65 (CURB-65) score at admission was >2 in 40.7% of patients. During hospitalization, 77.8% of patients received antivirals, 43.3% systemic corticosteroids, and 22.2% full anticoagulation. The rate of bacterial co-infection was 5.5%, and 105 (32.4%) patients had an increased level of troponin I. The median time from initiation of therapy to death was 5 days (IQR 3.0–8.0). In 45 patients (13.9%), the death was exclusively attributed to COVID-19, and in 254 patients (78.4%), both COVID-19 and the clinical status before admission contributed to death. Progressive respiratory failure was the most frequent cause of death (92.0%). Twenty-five patients (7.7%) had an unexpected death. Factors independently associated with unexpected death were male sex, chronic kidney disease, insulin-treated diabetes, and functional independence. Conclusions: This case series provides in-depth characterization of hospitalized non-ICU COVID-19 patients who died in Madrid. Male sex, insulin-treated diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and independency for activities of daily living are predictors of unexpected death.

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Sharma, Naveen, Kunal Khanna, Tarun Dagar, Sandeep K. Giri, Vijay Pal, Kuldeep Kumar, and Luv Sharma. "Electric injury: a case series." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20223100.

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In the modern era, electricity acts as a vital zone for mankind. The most important external sign of electrocution is the electric mark. The internal findings of electrocution are usually unspecific. The electric mark can also be of postmortem origin and is therefore not a reliable proof that the electric shock occurred before death, unless the survival time was long enough for an inflammatory response of the affected tissue. Various cases of electrocution have been reported in literature but as per the best of authors knowledge none of them have been clearly explained for the establishment of complete electric circuit in reported cases; required for fatal electrocution. In the present case series, authors’ report and discuss the three cases of electrocution under different circumstances with deviations in expectations. Because of the diagnostic problems authors also discuss the significance and careful evaluation of incident/death scene in all definitive as well as suspected cases of electrocution and emphasize on various components required for complete electric circuit for flow of current.

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Omrane, Amira, Mohamed Amine Mesrati, Taoufik Khalfallah, Lamia Bouzgarrou, and Abir Aissaoui. "When the Hijab causes death in workplace…: A case series." Forensic Science International 327 (October 2021): 110965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110965.

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King, Michael, Rebecca Lodwick, Rebecca Jones, Heather Whitaker, and Irene Petersen. "Death following partner bereavement: A self-controlled case series analysis." PLOS ONE 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2017): e0173870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173870.

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Mazzoleni, Lionel, Chadi Ghafari, Fabienne Mestrez, Roxana Sava, Elena Bivoleanu, Philippe Delmotte, France Laurent, Thomas Roland, Camelia Rossi, and Stéphane Carlier. "COVID-19 Outbreak in a Hemodialysis Center: A Retrospective Monocentric Case Series." Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 7 (January 2020): 205435812094429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054358120944298.

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Background: The rapid worldwide spread of COVID-19 has posed a serious threat to patients treated with kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Moreover, the impact of the disease on hemodialysis centers, the patients, and the health care workers is still not completely understood. Objective: We present the analysis of a COVID-19 outbreak in a hemodialysis center in Belgium and report the incidence, clinical course, and outcome of the disease. Design: A retrospective cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: A hemodialysis center during the COVID-19 outbreak. Patients: A total of 62 patients on maintenance hemodialysis at a tertiary care center in Belgium attended by 26 health care workers. Measurements: Baseline patients’ characteristics were retrieved. The incidence, clinical course, and outcome were reported. The differences between COVID-19 survivors and nonsurvivors were assessed along with the differences between COVID-19-hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. The incidence of the disease and outcome of health care workers were also reported. Methods: Proportions for categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test and χ2. The Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to compare continuous variables. Univariate analysis and a binomial logistic regression were used to explore variables as predictors of death. Results: Between March 6 and April 14, 2020, 40 of 62 (65%) patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome beta coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) along with 18 of 26 (69%) health care professionals. Twenty-five (63%) of the infected patients were hospitalized with a median time for hospitalization-to-discharge of 8 (interquartile range [IQR] = 4-12) days. Eleven (28%) COVID-19-related deaths were recorded with a median time for onset of symptoms-to-death of 9 (IQR = 5-14) days. Lymphocytopenia was prevalent among the cohort and was found in 9 of 11 (82%) reported deaths ( P = .4). There was no influence of the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers on COVID-19-related deaths ( P = .3). Advanced age, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were all found to be significantly related to death. Of the 18 infected health care professionals, 13 (72%) were symptomatic and 2 (11%) were hospitalized. There was no reported death among the health care workers. Limitations: Limited follow-up time compared with the course of the disease along with a small sample size. Conclusions: Patients treated with KRT show a high mortality rate secondary to COVID-19. CVD and age are shown to impact survival. Proactive measures must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus in such facilities. Trial Registration: Not applicable as this is a retrospective study.

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Chong, Stacey, Tammy :abreche, Patricia Hrynchak, and Michelle Steenbakkers. "Bilateral Inferior Altitudinal Defects Secondary to Stroke: A Case Series." Canadian Journal of Optometry 77, no. 3 (October 13, 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.77.496.

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Strokes or cerebrovascular accidents are the third leading cause of death in Canada, comprising 6% of all deaths in the country.1 The elderly and the very young (fetus or newborn infants) are at highest risk for having a stroke with an associated increased risk of death or lasting neurological disability. According to the National Stroke Association recovery guidelines, 10% of stroke survivors will recover almost completely, 25% will recover with minor impairments, 40% will survive with moderate to severe impairments that require specialized care, 10% will require care in a long-term care facility, and 15% will die shortly after the stroke. The National Stroke Association estimates that there are 7 million people in the United States that have survived a stroke and are living with impairments. The Heart and Stroke Foundation’s 2013 Stroke Report has estimated that 315,000 Canadians are living with the effects of stroke. This case series serves as a reminder that, although rare, bilateral inferior altitudinal visual field defects can also occur as the result of a stroke, to highlight the difficulties of orientation and mobility that can result, and to offer potential rehabilitative strategies.

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Fisher, Miles. "Series: Cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes drugs." British Journal of Diabetes 22, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15277/bjd.2022.387.

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LEADER was a landmark cardiovascular outcome trial with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, which demonstrated signiﬁcant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke), driven by a reduction in cardiovascular deaths and accompanied by a signiﬁcant reduction in all-cause mortality. Shortly afterwards, the SUSTAIN-6 trial with once-weekly semaglutide demonstrated non-inferiority for MACE, with a nominal reduction in MACE that was driven by a reduction in the risk of non-fatal strokes. Since then, a further six cardiovascular trials have been published with GLP-1 receptor agonists, with major differences in study design and outcomes. Four trials have been performed with once-weekly formulations. The EXSCEL trial with once-weekly exenatide showed non-inferiority for MACE, but not superiority, with a reduction in all-cause mortality which was an exploratory outcome. The Harmony Outcomes trial with albiglutide demonstrated signiﬁcant reductions in MACE, driven by reductions in fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction. REWIND, with dulaglutide, also demonstrated signiﬁcant reductions in MACE, this time driven by reductions in strokes. The AMPLITUDE-O trial with efpeglenatide showed signiﬁcant reductions in MACE, but none of the individual components of MACE was signiﬁcantly reduced as a secondary endpoint, and in contrast to other trials there was also a signiﬁcant reduction in heart failure events. The ﬁfth trial was the PIONEER 6 trial with the oral formulation of semaglutide, and this showed non-inferiority for MACE, but not superiority, with reductions in cardiovascular deaths and all-cause mortality which were secondary outcomes. Finally, FREEDOM-CVO with a subcutaneous mini-pump of exenatide showed non-inferiority for MACE and MACE plus hospitalisation for unstable angina. A reduction in albuminuria was seen in several of these trials, but there was no deﬁnite effect on eGFR or end-stage renal disease. Meta-analysis of the cardiovascular outcome trials with GLP-1 receptor agonists has demonstrated signiﬁcant reductions in MACE, cardiovascular death, fatal or non-fatal stroke, fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. It remains unclear why updated guidance from NICE on the management of T2DM in adults fails to acknowledge these evidence-based cardiovascular beneﬁts.

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Brown, Molly. "â€˜DEATHâ€™S OTHER KINGDOMSâ€™: DEATH AND THE AFTERLIFE IN SOME RECENT FANTASIES FOR YOUNG ADULTS." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 32, no. 4 (September 29, 2016): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1658.

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Trites (2000:117) argues that death is a biological imperative that possibly operates even more powerfully on the human mind than sexuality. In this article it will be suggested that coming to terms with the inevitability of mortality is a key maturational task, but that popular young adult fantasies dealing with immortal vampires or decaying zombies usually offer little or no support to adolescents struggling to deal with this issue. By contrast, it will be suggested that novels such as those in Terry Pratchettâ€™s Johnny Maxwell series, JK Rowlingâ€™s Harry Potter series, Ursula Le Guinâ€™s Earthsea series and Philip Pullmanâ€™s His dark materials trilogy provide adolescent readers with safe spaces in which to explore not only the threat of death, but a range of social and religious approaches to the problem. In this way, young readers may be encouraged to accept themselves, in Heideggerâ€™s (1962 [1927]:304â€“307) terms, as â€˜Being-towards-deathâ€™ and eventually even be empowered by such an acknowledgement.

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Nugent, Kenneth, Menfil A. Orellana-Barrios, and Dolores Buscemi. "Comprehensive Histological and Immunochemical Forensic Studies in Deaths Occurring in Custody." International Scholarly Research Notices 2017 (March 12, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9793528.

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In-custody deaths have several causes, and these include homicide, suicide, natural death from chronic diseases, and unexplained death possibly related to acute stress, asphyxia, excited delirium, and drug intoxication. In some instances, these deaths are attributed to undefined accidents and natural causes even though there is no obvious natural cause apparent after investigation. Understanding these deaths requires a comprehensive investigation, including documentation of circumstances surrounding the death, review of past medical history, drug and toxicology screens, and a forensic autopsy. These autopsies may not always clearly explain the death and reveal only nonspecific terminal events, such as pulmonary edema or cerebral edema. There are useful histologic and biochemical signatures which identify asphyxia, stress cardiomyopathy, and excited delirium. Identifying these causes of death requires semiquantitative morphologic and biochemical studies. We have reviewed recent Bureau of Justice Statistics on in-custody death, case series, and morphological and biochemical studies relevant to asphyxia, stress cardiomyopathy, and excited delirium and have summarized this information. We suggest that regional centers should manage the investigation of these deaths to provide more comprehensive studies and to enhance the expertise of forensic pathologists who would routinely manage potentially complex and difficult cases.

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Fedeli, Ugo, Claudio Barbiellini Amidei, Alessandro Marcon, Veronica Casotto, Francesco Grippo, Enrico Grande, Thomas Gaisl, and Stefano Barco. "Mortality Related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Multiple Causes of Death through Different Epidemic Waves in Veneto, Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 12844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912844.

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Mortality related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic is possibly underestimated by sparse available data. The study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on COPD-related mortality by means of time series analyses of causes of death data. We analyzed the death certificates of residents in Veneto (Italy) aged ≥40 years from 2008 to 2020. The age-standardized rates were computed for COPD as the underlying cause of death (UCOD) and as any mention in death certificates (multiple cause of death—MCOD). The annual percent change (APC) in the rates was estimated for the pre-pandemic period. Excess COPD-related mortality in 2020 was estimated by means of Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models. Overall, COPD was mentioned in 7.2% (43,780) of all deaths. From 2008 to 2019, the APC for COPD-related mortality was −4.9% (95% CI −5.5%, −4.2%) in men and −3.1% in women (95% CI −3.8%, −2.5%). In 2020 compared to the 2018–2019 average, the number of deaths from COPD (UCOD) declined by 8%, while COPD-related deaths (MCOD) increased by 14% (95% CI 10–18%), with peaks corresponding to the COVID-19 epidemic waves. Time series analyses confirmed that in 2020, COPD-related mortality increased by 16%. Patients with COPD experienced significant excess mortality during the first year of the pandemic. The decline in COPD mortality as the UCOD is explained by COVID-19 acting as a competing cause, highlighting how an MCOD approach is needed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'In Death Series'

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