Academic literature on the topic 'In Hindi'

The current study demonstrates the reliability of the Hindi translated version of the PEAK-DT assessment tool. The PEAK-DT has been found to be a reliable and valid tool to assess the skill level of children with disabilities. The Hindi translated version was scored and compared with the English version. The participants were parents and professionals who speak Hindi and English fluently and also have children with a developmental disability. A two tailed t test as well as the Pearson correlation found the scores to be highly correlated. The results of this study enables Hindi speaking parents who do not speak English fluently to assess the skill levels of their children to provide professionals with reliable scores from an assessment tool.

The purpose of this paper is to examine potential similarities in Hindi1 and Pashto grammar as regards to the arial feature of lexical reduplication, and to give a brief explanation of the phenomenon. It is my belief that this feature appears in both languages and that it functions in a similar way when it comes to: full reduplication, distribution and partial reduplication, so called echo-words. I will try to explain how these features function in Pashto based on the research already done in Hindi and the limited amount of description found in Pashto grammars that discuss this subject. The object of the paper is to prove that reduplication in Pashto takes similar form with similar meaning to the reduplications found in Hindi. To analyse this I will look at literary language in Hindi and Pashto using examples found in books, grammars, papers of other researchers, as well as examples found online in blogs and on newspaper sites. The first section of this paper will deal with full reduplication of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbials, numerals and participles. It will show that various types of semantic meanings can be derived from reduplication such as intensification, attenuation, continuation or distribution. The second section will deal with partial reduplication and it will show that these also appears in the different word categories mentioned (though apparently not in both languages) and it aims to give an explanation as to what forms these partial reduplications can take, that is, how they are constructed, as well as how they may function.

The 1920s and 1930s were decades of momentous changes and expansion in the Hindi literary sphere In this period Hindi became an established public language in print, education and politics and struggled successfully to become the future national language of India. A market for Hindi literature was first created, journals provided venues for debate and literary expression as well as professional employment, genres and styles were explored in many new directions, and new voices emerged, importantly those of women writers. The nationalist movement, too, entered a new phase which emphasized popular publics and vernacular institutions. Through the concept of 'public sphere' as expounded by Jurgen Habermas and other political scientists, this thesis analyzes those changes at the levels of institutions, actors, discourses and, to a limited extent, of audiences in their proper context and in relation to each other. Chapter 2 explores changes in the literary sphere, both its expansion chiefly through the medium of journals, and its institutionalization through a linguistic and literary agenda in the education system. Chapter 3 analyzes historical debates and narratives in order to trace the consolidation and diffusion of a nationalist historical consciousness. Chapter 4 examines the development of women's journals and the space they provided for a critique of discrimination against women and their public access, and for the exploration of women's roles and emotionality. Chapter 5 focuses on the making of Hindi's claim to be the 'national language', the strategies employed and the exclusions operated in the process of its political affirmation. Chapter 6 explores the relationship between the literary and the political spheres focusing on the role of Hindi intellectuals and political leaders. The institutional authority gained in one sphere underwrote that gained in the other, it shall be argued, and gave credence to an official nationalism that does not reflect the complexity and variety of cultural imagination and literary practices in that period.

L'analyse des formes du syntagme verbal (formes nominales, temps conjugues simples et composes), puis l'etude des phenomenes de serialisation et de la construction causative, revelent l'interaction, au niveau morphologique meme, de facteurs non seulement syntaxiques, mais aussi semantiques et enonciatifs. L'examen ensuite des quatre diatheses principales (diatheses passive et ergative, structures a actant principal au datif et au genitif, confirment l'importance primordiale des facteurs enonciatifs et semantiques, notamment le degre d'agentivite de l'actant principal, dans la selection du type d'enonce verbal en hindi moderne<br>After a formal analysis of the verb phrase (nominal forms as well as simple and compound finite tenses), the study of serialization and causative construction has shown, at the morphological level itself, a complex interaction of not only syntactic features but semantic and speach-act features too. The four main diatheses (ergative, passive, the structure with the main term in the dative case, the structure with the main term in the genitive case) also show the prevalent importance of the speaker's view-point and of semantic factors in the selection of the type of verbal statement in modern hindi

This thesis explores the relationship of Hindi film songs with Hindi cinema from the 1950s, especially emphasizing the present day. It is based on fieldwork completed in Bombay from 1998-2000 and the analysis of film songs and their picturizations. The main question addressed is: 'How far can film songs be seen as an independent tradition of popular music and how far are they a part of their parent films and Indian cinema?' Chapter 1 surveys previous scholarship on film songs and introduces their cinematic study. Chapter 2 deals with the production process of film songs, identifying the role of various personnel in their creation including the music director (composer), lyricist and singer(s). Chapter 3 addresses the musical style of film songs and its development in the light of both their cinematic and popular music roles. Chapter 4 turns to the use of Western music in film song from the perspective of meaning. Is Western music used in the same way in Hindi films as in Hollywood films, and if so, how, if music is not a universal language? Is the presence of Western music in film songs just due to hegemony? Song and background score material is analysed in its dramatic context, and Indian and Western music theory and interview material drawn on to answer these questions. Chapter 5 looks at the commercial life of film songs, addressing the question of whether songs sell films or films sell songs through an examination of the marketing and profitability of film songs in various eras. Chapter 6 discusses the reception of film songs, their popularity, how audiences come into contact with them, and their appropriation by audiences. Adorno's profile of mass music as alienating is revisited with reference to film song.

A production study is presented that investigates the effects of word order and information structural context on the prosodic realization of declarative sentences in Hindi. Previous work on Hindi intonation has shown that: (i) non-final content words bear rising pitch accents (Moore 1965, Dyrud 2001, Nair 1999); (ii) focused constituents show greater pitch excursion and longer duration and that post-focal material undergoes pitch range reduction (Moore 1965, Harnsberger 1994, Harnsberger and Judge 1996); and (iii) focused constituents may be followed by a phrase break (Moore 1965). By means of a controlled experiment, we investigated the effect of focus in relation to word order variation using 1200 utterances produced by 20 speakers. Fundamental frequency (F0) and duration of constituents were measured in Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) and Object-Subject-Verb (OSV) sentences in different information structural conditions (wide focus, subject focus and object focus). The analyses indicate that (i) regardless of word order and focus, the constituents are in a strict downstep relationship; (ii) focus is mainly characterized by post-focal pitch range reduction rather than pitch raising of the element in focus; (iii) given expressions that occur pre-focally appear to undergo no reduction; (iv) pitch excursion and duration of the constituents is higher in OSV compared to SOV sentences. A phonological analysis suggests that focus affects pitch scaling and that word order influences prosodic phrasing of the constituents.

This WINISIS Training Manual in Hindi language contains three self-learning modules: WINISIS â A Practical Guide; Creating Web Interface for CDS/ISIS Databases using GenisisWeb; and Publishing CDS/ISIS Databases on CD-ROM using GenisisCD. These self-learning modules are the outcome of the Advanced Workshop on CDS-ISIS for Windows, held at the Thapar University on 14-18 May 2007. The Training Manual covers all aspects of WINISIS: installation of software, creation of the database, database operations, customization of search interfaces and display formatting language. Advanced features, such as hyper-linking, web interfacing, full-text document processing and automation of libraries, are also present in this document. Target audience of this Manual is library professionals working in academic, special and public libraries as well as students of library science courses. The Manual will also be helpful to small organizations, which are building digital archives in local library setup or on CD-ROMs. After practicing the laboratory exercises given in the Manual, the learners will be able to install WINISIS software and its web application tools GENISIS; create and manage bibliographic or full-text databases. This Manual is particularly useful in the South Asian region, where availability of training material in local languages is crucial for providing public information services with the help of free and open source software (FOSS).