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Journal articles on the topic 'In-medium modifications'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Kumar, Arvind. "Heavy Scalar, Vector, and Axial-Vector Mesons in Hot and Dense Nuclear Medium." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/549726.

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In this work we shall investigate the mass modifications of scalar mesons (D0;B0), vector mesons (D*;B*), and axial-vector mesons (D1;B1) at finite density and temperature of the nuclear medium. The above mesons are modified in the nuclear medium through the modification of quark and gluon condensates. We will find the medium modification of quark and gluon condensates within chiral SU(3) model through the medium modification of scalar-isoscalar fieldsσandζat finite density and temperature. These medium modified quark and gluon condensates will further be used through QCD sum rules for the evaluation of in-medium properties of the above mentioned scalar, vector, and axial vector mesons. We will also discuss the effects of density and temperature of the nuclear medium on the scattering lengths of the above scalar, vector, and axial-vector mesons. The study of the medium modifications of the above mesons may be helpful for understanding their production rates in heavy-ion collision experiments. The results of present investigations of medium modifications of scalar, vector, and axial-vector mesons at finite density and temperature can be verified in the compressed baryonic matter (CBM) experiment of FAIR facility at GSI, Germany.

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2

Tawfik, A. "In-medium modifications of hadron properties." Indian Journal of Physics 85, no. 5 (May 2011): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-011-0074-y.

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3

Djalali, C., M. Wood, R. Nasseripour, and D. Weygand. "Medium Modifications of Light Vector Mesons in Nuclei." Nuclear Physics A 827, no. 1-4 (August 2009): 246c—248c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.048.

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4

Djalali, Chaden, Rakhsha Nasseripour, Dennis Weygand, Mike Wood, and the CLAS-Collaboration. "Medium Modifications of Light Vector Mesons in Nuclei." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 168 (2007): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.168.511.

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5

Pasupathy, J. "PCAC and Modifications in Hadron Properties in Nuclear Medium." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 26 (August 30, 1997): 1943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397001989.

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It is known that the Adler zero condition when imposed on pion amplitudes leads to several relations between hadron masses through the dual resonance formula of Lovelace, Shapiro and Veneziano. In particular the Lovelace quantization condition leads to the relation [Formula: see text] which is well satisfied experimentally. The Regge slope parameter α′ can be related to the gluon condensate. The latter is modified in the nuclear medium as compared to its value in the QCD vacuum. Combining the PCAC hypothesis with changes in gluon condensate leads to lowering of vector masses in the nuclear medium. It also leads to predictions regarding, nucleon isobar mass differences, pion decay constant in the medium, pion amplitudes and transverse momentum distribution of secondaries in heavy ion collisions.

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6

Escobedo Espinosa, Miguel Ángel. "Effective field theory calculations in open charm and charmonium production in media." EPJ Web of Conferences 202 (2019): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920203002.

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Heavy quarkonium related observables are very useful to obtain information about the medium created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The interaction of charmonium or bottomonium with the hot QCD medium created in these collisions can be eﬃciently described with the use of non-relativistic Effective Field Theories. In this proceedings, I will review recent progress in understanding quarkonium dynamics in a thermal medium with the use of potential non-relativistic QCD (pNRQCD). First, I will discuss the medium modifications of the decay width and the binding energy. Using pNRQCD power counting it is possible to identify in which temperature regimes a potential model can describe these modifications and what is the dominant physical process behind the thermal corrections in each case. After that, I will discuss the combination of pNRQCD with open quantum systems techniques. This allows making predictions about the nuclear modification factor that can be compared with experimental measurements.

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7

Minciună, Mirabela Georgiana, Petrică Vizureanu, Dragoş Cristian Achiţei, and Ramona Cimpoeşu. "Corrosion Behavior in Saline Medium for a Cu-Zn Casting Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.68.

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The paper present aspects about the structural modification of CuZn alloy obtained by casting and used to manufacture the housing which works in corrosive liquid mediums. The analyzed alloy has a chemical composition determine by spectral quantitative analysis, with an optic spectrometer type Foundry Masters, using cooper analysis base. The structural modifications, both in cast state, also after corrosion studies, have highlighted by SEM, at 500x and 2000x magnitude. The experiments were made on samples, with specific dimensions for each analysis.

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8

WEYGAND, D. P., C. DJALALI, R. NASSERIPOUR, and M. WOOD. "SEARCH FOR IN-MEDIUM MODIFICATIONS OF THE ρ MESON." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 02n03 (January 30, 2007): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07035562.

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The photoproduction of vector mesons on various nuclei has been studied using the Cebaf Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Laboratory, and here we present preliminary results. All three vector mesons, ρ, ω, and ϕ, are observed via their decay to e+e-, in order to reduce the effects of final state interactions in the nucleus. Of particular interest is possible in-medium effects on the properties of the ρ meson. The ρ spectral function is extracted from the data on various nuclei, carbon, iron, and titanium, and compared to the spectrum from liquid deuterium, which is relatively free of nuclear effects. We observe no effects on the mass of the ρ meson, however, there is some widening of the resonance in titanium and iron, which is consistent with expected collisional broadening.

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9

Hilger, T., and B. Kämpfer. "In-Medium Modifications of Scalar Charm Mesons in Nuclear Matter." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 207-208 (October 2010): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.10.071.

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10

Azizi, K., and N. Er. "Modifications on parameters of Z(4430) in a dense medium." Physics Letters B 811 (December 2020): 135979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135979.

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11

Durso, J. W., H. C. Kim, and J. Wambach. "Medium modifications of the intermediate range in the NN potential." Physics Letters B 298, no. 3-4 (January 1993): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)91818-8.

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12

Weiler, Selina M., Bjarn-Ove Tetzlaff, Philipp Yorck Herzberg, and Thomas Jacobsen. "When personality gets under the skin: Need for uniqueness and body modifications." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): e0245158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245158.

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Do individuals modify their bodies in order to be unique? The present study sought to investigate need for uniqueness (NfU) subcomponents as possible motives for modifying one’s body. To this end, the study obtained information from 312 participants about their NfU (using the German NfU-G global scale and three sub-scales) and their body modifications (tattoos, piercings, and extreme body modifications such as tongue splitting). By analyzing the three subcomponents of NfU, the study was able to investigate the differential relationship of the sub-scales with the outcome measures, which facilitated a fine-grained understanding of the NfU–body-modification relationship. The study found that tattooed, pierced, and extreme-body-modified individuals had higher NfU-G scores than individuals without body modifications. Moreover, it seemed that individuals with tattoos took a social component into consideration while lacking concern regarding others’ reaction toward their tattoos, although not wanting to cause affront. Pierced and extreme-body-modified individuals, contrarily, tended to display a propensity to actively flout rules and not worry about others’ opinions on their modifications. However, although statistically significant, the effect size (d) for the NfU-G differences in the tattooed and pierced participants’ mean scores was small to medium in all three subcomponents. The extreme-body-modified group presented medium and medium to large effects. Further, the study observed that the number of body modifications increased with an increasing NfU in tattooed and pierced individuals. These findings demonstrated multifaceted interrelations between the NfU, its subcomponents, and the three kinds of body modifications investigated in the present study.

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13

Bredbacka, Kristiina, and Peter Bredbacka. "In vitro production of cattle blastocysts in chemically defined medium with or without insulin supplementation." Agricultural and Food Science 5, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72762.

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In this study we evaluated the use of a chemically defined medium in the production of blastocysts from bovine oocytes fertilized in vitro. As culture medium we used CRI-PVP, a modification of CRlaa medium with bovine serum albumin replaced by polyvinylpyrrolidone. After 168 h of culture (192 h after insemination) 8.7%, 10.5 and 12.8% of the cleaved embryos developed to the blastocyst stage in the presence of 0, 2 or 200 nM insulin, respectively. The supplementation of 200 nM insulin tended to increase cell numbers in morulae and blastocysts (P=0.10). It is concluded that CRI-PVP can be used as a chemically defined medium in the production of blastocysts from bovine 1-cell embryos. However, further modifications are needed, and the insulin concentrations used may be below the optimum for blastocyst production.

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14

Meyer, Britta, Carina Immer, Steffen Kaiser, Sunny Sharma, Jun Yang, Peter Watzinger, Lena Weiß, et al. "Identification of the 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (acp) transferase enzyme responsible for acp3U formation at position 47 in Escherichia coli tRNAs." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 3 (December 21, 2019): 1435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1191.

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Abstract tRNAs from all domains of life contain modified nucleotides. However, even for the experimentally most thoroughly characterized model organism Escherichia coli not all tRNA modification enzymes are known. In particular, no enzyme has been found yet for introducing the acp3U modification at position 47 in the variable loop of eight E. coli tRNAs. Here we identify the so far functionally uncharacterized YfiP protein as the SAM-dependent 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl transferase catalyzing this modification and thereby extend the list of known tRNA modification enzymes in E. coli. Similar to the Tsr3 enzymes that introduce acp modifications at U or m1Ψ nucleotides in rRNAs this protein contains a DTW domain suggesting that acp transfer reactions to RNA nucleotides are a general function of DTW domain containing proteins. The introduction of the acp3U-47 modification in E. coli tRNAs is promoted by the presence of the m7G-46 modification as well as by growth in rich medium. However, a deletion of the enzymes responsible for the modifications at position 46 and 47 in the variable loop of E. coli tRNAs did not lead to a clearly discernible phenotype suggesting that these two modifications play only a minor role in ensuring the proper function of tRNAs in E. coli.

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15

Metag, Volker. "Medium modifications of mesons in elementary reactions and heavy-ion collisions." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 61, no. 1 (July 2008): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2007.12.041.

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16

WOOD, M. H., C. DJALALI, R. NASSERIPOUR, and D. WEYGAND. "MEDIUM MODIFICATIONS OF LIGHT VECTOR MESONS IN PHOTOPRODUCTION REACTIONS AT JLAB." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 02n03 (January 30, 2009): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043626.

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Theoretical calculations predict the modification of properties of vector mesons, such as a shift in their masses and/or broadening of their widths in dense nuclear matter. These effects can be related to partial restoration of chiral symmetry at high density or temperature. The light vector mesons (ρ, ω, and ϕ) were photo-produced on 2 H , C , Ti , Fe , and Pb targets at the Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The data were taken with a beam of tagged photons with energies up to 4 GeV. The properties of the ρ vector meson at normal nuclear densities and zero temperature,were investigated via their rare leptonic decay to e+e-. This decay channel is preferred over hadronic modes in order to eliminate final state interactions in the nuclear matter. A combinatorial background was subtracted from the invariant mass spectra using a well-established event-mixing technique. The ρ meson mass spectrum was extracted after the ω and ϕ signals were removed in a nearly model-independent way. The rho meson mass distributions were extracted for each of the targets. Comparisons were made between the ρ mass spectra from the heavy targets ( A > 2) with the mass spectrum extracted from the deuterium target. With respect to the ρ-meson mass, we obtain a small shift compatible with zero. Also, we measure widths consistent with standard nuclear many-body effects such as collisional broadening and Fermi motion. In this experiment, due to the long lifetimes and momenta greater than 0.8 GeV, the ω and ϕ mesons have a high probability of decaying outside the nucleus in their vacuum state. However, their in-medium widths can be accessed through their absorption inside the nucleus. Preliminary results on the ratios of the nuclear transparencies of the ω and ϕ mesons as a function of the number of target nucleons A, have been obtained and indicate a substantial widening in the medium.

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17

Jean, H. C., J. Piekarewicz, and A. G. Williams. "Medium modifications to the ω-meson mass in the Walecka model." Physical Review C 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 1981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.49.1981.

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18

Djalali, C., M. H. Wood, R. Nasseripour, and D. P. Weygand. "Medium modifications of light vector mesons in photoproduction reactions at JLab." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 35, no. 10 (September 17, 2008): 104035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/35/10/104035.

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19

Sedrakian, A., G. Röpke, and Th Alm. "Low-temperature transport coefficients of nuclear matter with in-medium modifications." Nuclear Physics A 594, no. 3 (November 1995): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(95)00353-3.

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20

Tsuchimoto, Yuji. "In-Medium Modifications of Low-Mass Vector Mesons in PHENIX at RHIC." Nuclear Physics A 830, no. 1-4 (November 2009): 487c—490c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.10.105.

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21

Wolschin, Georg. "Hot-medium effects on ϒ yields in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 235 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023504004.

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The modification of bottomonia yields in Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions at LHC energies with respect to the expectation from p–p is investigated in a theoretical approach. Dissociation of the ϒ(nS ) and ϒ(nP) states in the hot quark-gluon plasma (QGP) occurs due to screening of the real quark-antiquark potential, collisional damping through the imaginary part of the potential, and gluon-induced dissociation. Reduced feed-down plays a decisive role. Transverse-momentum and centrality-dependent data are well re- produced. In the asymmetric p-Pb system, alterations of the parton density functions in the lead nucleus account for the leading fraction of the modifications in cold nuclear matter (CNM), but the hot-medium effects turn out to be relevant in spite of the small initial spatial extent of the fireball.

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22

Nguyen, Liem D., Ladislava Kalachová, Jana Novotná, Martin Holub, Olga Kofroňová, Oldřich Benada, Charles J. Thompson, and Jaroslav Weiser. "Cultivation System Using Glass Beads Immersed in Liquid Medium Facilitates Studies of Streptomyces Differentiation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 6 (June 2005): 2848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.6.2848-2852.2005.

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ABSTRACT A two-phase cultivation system was developed which will enable studies of streptomycete differentiation by molecular biological and global techniques such as transcriptomics and proteomics. The system is based on a solid phase formed by glass beads corresponding to particles in soil, clay, or sand natural habitats of streptomycetes. The beads are immersed in a liquid medium that allows easy modification or replacement of nutrients and growth factors as well as radioactive labeling of proteins. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze morphological differentiation of streptomycetes on glass beads and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis to demonstrate the potential of the system for analyses of protein synthesis profiles during the developmental program. This system facilitates studies of differentiation including expression and posttranslation modifications of streptomycetes proteins, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and morphological development.

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23

Costa, Pedro, and Renan Pereira. "Phase Diagram, Scalar-Pseudoscalar Meson Behavior and Restoration of Symmetries in (2 + 1) Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model." Symmetry 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11040507.

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We explore the phase diagram and the modification of mesonic observables in a hot and dense medium using the (2 + 1) Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. We present the phase diagram in the ( T , μ B ) -plane, with its isentropic trajectories, paying special attention to the chiral critical end point (CEP). Chiral and deconfinement transitions are examined. The modifications of mesonic observables in the medium are explored as a tool to analyze the effective restoration of chiral symmetry for different regions of the phase diagram. It is shown that the meson masses, namely that of the kaons, change abruptly near the CEP, which can be relevant for its experimental search.

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24

Drazic, Zorica. "Gaussian variable neighborhood search for the file transfer scheduling problem." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 26, no. 2 (2016): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor150124006d.

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This paper presents new modifications of Variable Neighborhood Search approach for solving the file transfer scheduling problem. To obtain better solutions in a small neighborhood of a current solution, we implement two new local search procedures. As Gaussian Variable Neighborhood Search showed promising results when solving continuous optimization problems, its implementation in solving the discrete file transfer scheduling problem is also presented. In order to apply this continuous optimization method to solve the discrete problem, mapping of uncountable set of feasible solutions into a finite set is performed. Both local search modifications gave better results for the large size instances, as well as better average performance for medium and large size instances. One local search modification achieved significant acceleration of the algorithm. The numerical experiments showed that the results obtained by Gaussian modifications are comparable with the results obtained by standard VNS based algorithms, developed for combinatorial optimization. In some cases Gaussian modifications gave even better results.

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25

Grandchamp, L., R. Rapp, and G. E. Brown. "Medium modifications of charm and charmonium in high-energy heavy-ion collisions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 30, no. 8 (July 20, 2004): S1355—S1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/8/126.

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26

Metag, V. "Medium modifications of vector mesons in elementary reactions and heavy-ion collisions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 34, no. 8 (July 4, 2007): S397—S404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/34/8/s27.

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27

Tripolt, R. A., L. von Smekal, and J. Wambach. "Spectral functions and in-medium properties of hadrons." International Journal of Modern Physics E 26, no. 01n02 (January 2017): 1740028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301317400286.

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The in-medium modifications of hadron properties such as masses and decay widths have been a major focus of the scientific work of Gerry Brown and the insights gained by him and his collaborators made them major drivers of this field for several decades. Their prediction of experimental signals in di-lepton pair production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions was instrumental in initiating large experimental campaigns which continue till today. In this chapter, we review recent results which elucidate the relation of hadronic spectral properties at finite temperature and density to the restoration of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry.

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28

Suturovic, Zvonimir, Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic, Nikola Marjanovic, and Snezana Kravic. "Chronopotentiometric stripping analysis of selenium using mercury film electrode." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 33 (2002): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0233055s.

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The influence of the most important experimental factors in chronopotentiometric stripping analysis (CSA) of selenium( IV) using mercury film working electrode was examined. Interferences of copper, iron and lead were investigated as well. The possibility of avoiding prolonged deaeration of the solution was examined by applying medium exchange modification of the technique, where the dissolution of the deposit was performed in calcium-chloride solution. Detection limits obtained for the modification of the CSA with prior deaeration and medium exchange modification were 0.4 ?g/dmJ and 1.15??g/dmJ, respectively. Accuracy of the defined techniques has been confirmed by analysing reference material (RM 8436) -wheat durum flour. The results obtained by applying both modifications of the technique showed a very good agreement of total selenium content with declareted value.

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29

Stunda-Zujeva, Agnese. "Review of Spirulina/Arthrospira Growth Medium Modifications." Key Engineering Materials 850 (June 2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.850.153.

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Nutrients and their content in growth medium significantly affect the growth rate and quality of biomass. This review summaries the latest studies on microalgae Arthrospira spp. and Spirulina spp. growth media. Most of studied growth media are modified Zarrouk’s medium. Detailly discussed are effects of change in some microelement concentration and sources and salinity or NaCl concentration, however there are still lacking studies on microelement role and long-term studies. It should be highlighted that various species and strains of Arthrospira and Spirulina reacts to growth media composition change very differently. There is no single best growth media formulae for all species and strains of Arthrospira/Spirulina. Recycling for few times is possible but content of biomass changes.

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30

Chien, Yang-Ting. "Resummation of Jet Shapes and Extracting Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 37 (January 2015): 1560047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194515600472.

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Understanding the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that is produced in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions has been one of the top priorities of the heavy ion program at the LHC. Energetic jets are produced and subsequently quenched in the collisions. Such jet quenching phenomena provide promising tools to probe the medium properties by studying the modification of jets due to the medium interactions. Significant modifications of jet shapes have been measured. In this talk we focus on the calculation of jet shapes in both proton-proton and lead-lead collisions using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), with Glauber gluon interactions in the medium. Large logarithms in jet shapes are resummed at next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy by the renormalization-group evolution between hierarchical jet scales. The medium interactions contribute as power corrections, and we calculate the modification of jet shapes at leading order in opacity with the static QGP model. Preliminary results are presented with good agreement with the recent CMS jet shape measurements.

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31

Afsharsterle, S., ECK Pang, JS Brown, and JF Kollmorgen. "Embryogenic Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Triticum tauschii, the Diploid D-Genome Donor for Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (1996): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960489.

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Immature embryos of seven accessions of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. were used to produce embryogenic callus suitable for initiation of suspension cultures. Several modifications of Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) were evaluated for callus induction from scutellar tissues of embryos. Nodular, embryogenic calli were induced from all accessions when MS medium was supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and a mixture of L-glutamine, L-asparagine and L-proline. Early differentiation of these embryogenic calli was overcome by substituting Dicamba for 2,4-D. Addition of 575 mg L-1 of L-proline gave a rapid increase in the production of nodular embryogenic callus in most of the accessions. Using this protocol, the embryogenic capacity of this type of callus was maintained for more than a year following further modification of the MS medium. A clear genotype dependency as well as media effects on the production of callus were observed.

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32

Lecky, Rhonda, Ingrid Hook, and Helen Sheridan. "Enhancement of Dihydrosanguinarine Production in Suspension Cultures of Papaver, bracteatum, I. Medium Modifications." Journal of Natural Products 55, no. 10 (October 1992): 1513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50088a019.

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33

Zabolotskaya, Evgenia A., Yurii A. Ilinskii, G. Douglas Meegan, and Mark F. Hamilton. "Modifications of the equation for gas bubble dynamics in a soft elastic medium." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 4 (October 2005): 2173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2010348.

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34

Gauthier, Michel J., Pierre Thomas, and Patrick M. Munro. "Modification de la structure des enveloppes et du contenu en proteins d'Escherichia coli en survie dans l'eau de mer." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-141.

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A toxigenic strain of Escherichia coli displayed important structural modifications when placed in seawater which naturally lacked nutritive elements, as observed by electron microscopy. These include cell wall and cell body distortion, modification of the membranes, central segregation of the chromosome, and retraction of the cytoplasm. These modifications were accompanied by a decrease in cell protein content of approximately 40%. Certain cytoplasmic membrane proteins were lost, and new ones appeared. The development of these changes was considerably slower in cells that had previously been grown in a seawater medium. This suggests that osmotic regulation mechanisms, which enable E. coli to survive much longer in marine conditions, may have a protective influence.Key words: Escherichia coli, structure, envelopes, survival, seawater.[Journal translation]

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35

DICKHOFF, W. H. "SCATTERING OF DRESSED NUCLEONS IN THE NUCLEAR MEDIUM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 05n06 (March 10, 1999): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797929900045x.

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The scattering process of nucleons in nuclear matter is studied. After a review of the conventional asymptotic analysis of the two-body propagator in coordinate space, the modifications of this analysis due to the dressing of the scattering nucleons is developed. While the scattering energy singles out a unique (on-shell) momentum in the relative wave function of free or mean-field nucleons, this uniqueness is lost for dressed nucleons. The resulting distribution of momenta in the corresponding relative wave function leads to a localization in coordinate space of the influence of the scattering process on the relative motion of nucleons. An analytic approximation to the noninteracting propagator of the dressed nucleons is utilized to illustrate these points. As a consequence of the localization the scattered wave is damped and the particles no longer remember their scattering event beyond some finite distance.

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36

Alexiou, Spiros. "Methods for Line Shapes in Plasmas in the Presence of External Electric Fields." Atoms 9, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9020030.

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Line broadening is usually dominated by interactions of an atomic system with a stochastic, random medium. When, in addition to the random medium, a non-random field (such as a laser) is applied, the line profile may be modified in significant ways. The present work discusses these modifications and the methods to deal with them.

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37

Mello, Karine Gargioni Pereira Correa de, Leandra de Cássia Bernusso, Ronaldo Nogueira de Moraes Pitombo, and Bronislaw Polakiewicz. "Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of chemically modified chitosan by succinic anhydride." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 4 (July 2006): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000500017.

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The N-succinil-chitosan is a chemically modified derivative of the biopolymer chitosan. The succinic anhydride attached to the free amino groups presented along the chitosan's polymer chain imparts to the molecule different physicochemical properties not exhibited before the modification. These chemical modifications enhance chitosan's solubility in slightly acid, neutral and alkaline media. These properties are related to the long alkyl chains attached to hydrophilic parts. In this case the hydrophilic part of D-glucosamine promotes stronger interactions with the water molecules, and consequently, enhances the solubility of the chitosan polymer. Non-modified free chitosan is soluble only in acidic medium (pH < 5.5). These modifications made possible new applications of chitosan in biotechnological area since the solubility in neutral or slightly alkaline solutions is very important in a biological field.

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38

Prassa, V., T. Gaitanos, G. Lalazissis, M. Di Toro, and H. H. Wolter. "Effects of the in-medium NN cross sections in heavy ion collisions on particle production." HNPS Proceedings 14 (December 5, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2260.

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The density dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon (NN) cross sections is investigated in terms of particle production in heavy ion collisions (HIC). It is found, in particular, that the in-medium modifications of the inelastic NN cross sections considerably affect the pion yields and improve the comparison with experimental information. Such studies are important in determining the still unknown behavior of the nuclear equation of state (EoS) at supra-normal densities in HIC.

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39

CHEN, C. M., C. I. WEI, J. A. KOBURGER, and M. R. MARSHALL. "Comparison of Four Agar Media for Detection of Histamine-Producing Bacteria in Tuna1." Journal of Food Protection 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-52.11.808.

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In a comparative study to determine their effectiveness for early detection of prolific histamine-producing bacteria from tuna samples, Niven's medium proved to be superior to three modifications of the medium. Presumptive colonies could be detected in 24 h on Niven's agar surface-plated and incubated at 35°C. Following confirmatory histamine determination with high performance liquid chromatography of the tuna fish infusion broth inoculated with presumptive histamine-producers and non-producers, detection rates of 95.8 and 93.9% were obtained from temperature-abused and bacteria-spiked tuna samples, respectively, using Niven's agar. The other three modifications provided much lower detection rates and higher false-positive and false-negative results than did Niven's agar.

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40

Lodha, Preeti, and Anil N. Netravali. "Effect of soy protein isolate resin modifications on their biodegradation in a compost medium." Polymer Degradation and Stability 87, no. 3 (March 2005): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.09.011.

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41

Beyer, M., G. Röpke, and A. Sedrakian. "Medium modifications of the nucleon-deuteron break-up cross section in the Faddeev approach." Physics Letters B 376, no. 1-3 (May 1996): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00289-4.

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42

Delmouly, Karine, Maxime Belondrade, Danielle Casanova, Ollivier Milhavet, and Sylvain Lehmann. "HEPES inhibits the conversion of prion protein in cell culture." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 1244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.027334-0.

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HEPES is a well-known buffering reagent used in cell-culture medium. Interestingly, this compound is also responsible for significant modifications of biological parameters such as uptake of organic molecules, alteration of oxidative stress mechanisms or inhibition of ion channels. While using cell-culture medium supplemented with HEPES on prion-infected cells, it was noticed that there was a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of accumulation of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc). This effect was present only in live cells and was thought to be related to modification of the PrP environment or biology. These results could modify the interpretation of cell-culture assays of prion therapeutic agents, as well as of previous cell biology results obtained in the field using HEPES buffers. This inhibitory effect of HEPES could also be exploited to prevent contamination or propagation of prions in cell culture.

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43

LI, QINGFENG, CAIWAN SHEN, and M. DI TORO. "PROBING THE MOMENTUM-DEPENDENT MEDIUM MODIFICATIONS OF THE NUCLEON–NUCLEON ELASTIC CROSS SECTION." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 09 (March 21, 2010): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310032846.

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The momentum dependence of the medium modifications on nucleon–nucleon elastic cross sections is investigated with the microscopic transport model UrQMD. The semi-peripheral Au + Au collision at the beam energy Eb = 400A MeV is adopted as an example. It is found that uncertainties of the momentum dependence on medium modifications of cross sections visibly influence the yield and collective flow distributions of free nucleons. In these observables, the elliptic flow is sensitively dependent on detailed forms of the momentum dependence. However, it is weakly influenced by the splitting effect of the neutron–neutron and proton–proton cross sections.

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44

Mazet, F., I. Dunia, G. Vassort, and J. L. Mazet. "Ultrastructural changes in gap junctions associated with CO2 uncoupling in frog atrial fibres." Journal of Cell Science 74, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.74.1.51.

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The correlation between gap junction morphology and the state of electrical coupling was investigated in the frog auricle, which presents an atypical gap-junction organization. Electrical uncoupling of the tissue was achieved by perfusion with CO2-saturated Ringer medium. The tissue was fixed with glutaraldehyde and freeze-fractured before and during the application of CO2-saturated Ringer medium and after returning to the initial medium. The electrical tissue coupling was assayed by microelectrode recording just before fixation. At least 97% uncoupling was induced by CO2-saturated Ringer medium, as estimated from double sucrose gap experiments on several single atrial trabeculae. Several modifications were induced by CO2-saturated Ringer medium. A decrease in the number of particles per junctional assembly and dispersion of these assemblies in the plane of the membrane, indicate a decrease in the organization of the gap junctions. In parallel, loose clusters of particles became evident on the P-fracture face of the membrane. The size of the particles in these clusters was larger than the size of the background particles, and of the gap junction particles. They never corresponded with complementary pits on the E-fracture face. On return to the initial Ringer perfusion medium the cell coupling was reversed and the gap junction dispersion was also reversed. However, the gap junctions remained small. The relationship between these morphological modifications and the conducting state of the tissue is discussed.

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45

Masood, Samina, and Iram Saleem. "Propagation of electromagnetic waves in extremely dense media." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 15 (May 19, 2017): 1750081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17500816.

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We study the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in extremely dense exotic systems with very unique properties. These EM waves develop a longitudinal component due to interactions with the medium. Renormalization scheme of QED is used to understand the propagation of EM waves in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The propagation of EM waves in a quantum statistically treatable medium affects the properties of the medium itself. The electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability of the medium are modified and influence the related behavior of the medium. All the electromagnetic properties of a medium become a function of temperature and chemical potential of the medium. We study in detail the modifications of electric permittivity and magnetic permeability and other related properties of a medium in the superdense stellar objects.

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Prassa, V., T. Gaitanos, H. H. Wolter, G. A. Lalazissis, and M. Di Toro. "Particle Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies." HNPS Proceedings 15 (January 1, 2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2639.

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We investigate the influence of the in-medium modifications of nucleon-nucleon cross sections on the particle production in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. In particular, it is shown that the pion and kaon yields and their rapidity distributions are strongly affected by the density dependence of the inelastic cross sections. On the other hand, the particle ratios depend less on the in-medium behavior of the inelastic cross sections.

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47

Jaeger, Leslie G., and Baidar Bakht. "Semicontinuum analysis of shear-weak grillages." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-036.

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Cellular bridges and voided slab bridges with large and frequently spaced circular voids undergo distortion of the cross section under nonuniform loads, which may have a significant effect on the load distribution characteristics of the bridge. For two-dimensional analysis of these bridges, it is usual to represent the transverse medium of the bridge as having finite shear rigidity. Up to the present time, the semicontinuum method of analysis did not have the capability of handling finite shear rigidity of the transverse medium. A modification is introduced in this paper through which it can now do so. It is shown that the proposed modifications consist of only minor changes to the set of equations of the earlier version of the method. By comparing the results of the proposed method with those obtained from grillage analysis, it is shown that the accuracy of the proposed method is equal to that of the grillage method, which has already been found by many researchers to be suitable for the analysis of shear-weak bridges. The paper also contains proposed modifications to the semicontinuum method so that it can handle finite shear rigidities of the longitudinal beams as well. Key words: analysis, bridges, load distribution, semicontinuum method, shear rigidity, shear-weak grillages, shear-weak plotes.

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48

Musulmanbekov, Genis. "Hadron modification in a dense baryonic matter." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920403007.

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Starting with the Strongly Correlated Quark Model of a hadron structure, SCQM, we demonstrate how the properties of mesons and baryons are modified in a hot and dense nuclear environment. These in-medium modifications can lead to observable effects in heavy ion collisions, such as enhancement of strangeness and dropping vector meson masses.

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49

Florkowski, Wojciech, and Wojciech Broniowski. "In-medium modifications of hadron masses and chemical freeze-out in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions." Physics Letters B 477, no. 1-3 (March 2000): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(00)00205-7.

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50

Mishra, Amruta, S. P. Misra, and W. Greiner. "In-medium decay widths of hidden and open charm vector mesons in a field theoretic model for composite hadrons." International Journal of Modern Physics E 24, no. 07 (July 2015): 1550053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301315500536.

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We calculate the decay widths of the charmonium states, J/ψ, ψ(3686) and ψ(3770), to [Formula: see text] pairs, as well as the decay width of D* → Dπ, in isospin asymmetric strange hadronic matter, using a field theoretical model for composite hadrons with quark constituents. For this purpose, we use the quark–antiquark pair creation term of the free Dirac Hamiltonian written in terms of the constituent quark field operators, and use explicit charmonium, D, [Formula: see text], D* and π states to evaluate the matrix elements for the charmonium as well as D* decay amplitudes. The medium modifications of the partial decay widths of charmonium to [Formula: see text] pair, arising from the mass modifications of the [Formula: see text] and the charmonium states calculated in a chiral effective model, are also included. The results of the present investigations are then compared with the decay widths computed earlier, in a model using light quark pair creation in 3P0 state. As in 3P0 model, the decay amplitude in the present model is multiplied with a strength parameter for the light quark pair creation, which is fitted from the observed vacuum decay width. The effects of the isospin asymmetry, the strangeness fraction of the hadronic matter on the masses of the charmonium states and [Formula: see text] mesons and hence on the decay widths, have also been studied. The isospin asymmetry effect is observed to be dominant for high densities, leading to appreciable difference in the decay channels of the charmonium to D+ D- and [Formula: see text] pairs. The decay width of D* → Dπ in the hadronic matter has also been calculated within the composite quark model in the present work, accounting for the medium modifications of the D and D* masses. The density modifications of the charmonium states and D(D*) mesons, which are observed to be appreciable at high densities, will be of relevance in the compressed baryonic matter (CBM) experiments at the future facility of FAIR, GSI, where charmed hadrons will be produced by annihilation of antiprotons on nuclei. The interactions of the charmonium states and D(D*) with the nuclear medium could lead to the possibility of the formation of exotic bound states of the nuclei with the (excited) charmonium states as well as with D(D*) mesons.

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