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1
Hackett, Helen Jane. Steps into the twenty-first century: An investigation into the development of The Royal Ballet with particular reference to the work of William Forsythe and Ashley Page. [Guildford]: [University of Surrey], 1997.
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2
Rudes, Blair A. Tuscarora roots, stems, and particles: Towards a dictionary of Tuscarora. Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, 1987.
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3
Rudes, Blair A. Tuscarora roots, stems, and particles: Towards a dictionary of Tuscarora. Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, 1987.
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4
Siebesma, P. A. The function of the niph'al in Biblical Hebrew: In relationship to other passive-reflexive verb stems and to the pu'al and hoph'al in particular. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1991.
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5
Siebesma, P. A. The function of the niph'al in Biblical Hebrew: In relationship to other passive-reflexive verb stems and to the pu'al and hoph'al in particular. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1991.
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6
Siebesma, P. A. The function of the niph'al in Biblical Hebrew: In relationship to other passive-reflexive verb stems and to the pu'al and hoph'al in particular. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1991.
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7
Rutherford, J. F. Deliverance, a vivid description of the divine path particularly outlining God's progressive steps against evil and showing the final overthrow of the Devil and all of his wicked institutions ... Brooklyn, N.Y: International Bible Students Association, 1986.
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8
Sangiuliano, Maria, and Agostino Cortesi. Institutional Change for Gender Equality in Research Lesson Learned from the Field. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-334-2.
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Gender balance in research organizations is considered as a key step for ensuring research excellence and quality and inclusive-sustainable innovation. Still, in spite of an increasing number of HE and research institutions committed to make science more equal and some positive trends in figures on Gender equality in STEM research, it still appears to be difficult to prioritize gender equality. This is particularly true for disciplines such as ICT/IST where female representation at all levels is among the lowest ones among STEM topics and where a gender sensitive approach to ICT design and programming is far from being understood in its implications among computer and information systems scientist. H2020 (PGERI and SWAFS programmes in particular), promoted the concept of institutional change for gender equality, insisting on the need for merging change management and gender policies. The volume is focusing on a presentation and reflexive review of results and tools from the H2020 EQUAL-IST project to discuss opportunities to innovate and transform HR management and Institutional communication, research design, teaching & students services, via gender equality, and how such innovations could be multiplied and sustained with a focus on ICT and IST research organizations. The volume is complemented by contributions from other projects on institutional change in research.
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Coghill, David, Alessandro Zuddas, Luis Augusto Rohde, and Tobias Banaschewski. The next steps. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0047.
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ADHD has been heavily researched and over the past few years this has resulted in many important advances in our understanding of this complex disorder and its management. There are, however, still many unanswered questions. Here we outline several of the key challenges facing the field and offer suggestions about potentially important future lines of research. The discussion is organized around several key topics: diagnosis, epidemiology, course, aetiology, and treatment issues. Key themes include a need for smarter, stronger, and innovative study designs across all aspects of the field and a particular need for well-designed longitudinal studies. We need greater collaboration, not just across disciplines with integration of basic and clinical science, but also between researchers and their clinical colleagues, and with patients and their families and the broader community.
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Twohig, Michael P., Michael E. Levin, and Clarissa W. Ong. ACT in Steps. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190629922.001.0001.
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This book is a guide for new therapists on the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for any psychological disorder that involves some level of struggle with inner experiences; it is not targeted to any particular diagnosis. The book is suitable for graduate students who are seeing their first client, for clinicians with years of experience who have never done ACT or are just learning about ACT, and for anyone who is interested in applying ACT across a range of presentations. The book also includes exercises and worksheets that will continue to be useful for sessions after the therapist is competent in ACT. The chapters walk therapists through a recommended sequence of ACT sessions, including creative hopelessness, control as the problem, acceptance, defusion, mindfulness, values, and committed action. They also contain accompanying materials for clients. The book provides information on assessment, case conceptualization, treatment planning, and intervention that therapists can use as a starting point for practicing ACT. The book is intended to serve as a more structured framework from which therapists can learn and experiment with ACT concepts as they begin to get more experience with the therapy.
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Huybrechts, D. Derived Categories: A Quick Tour. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296866.003.0002.
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This chapter briefly outlines the main steps in the construction of the derived category of an arbitrary abelian category. The homotopy category of complexes is considered as an intermediate step, which is then localized with respect to quasi-isomorphisms. Left and right derived functors are explained in general, and particular examples are studied in more detail. Spectral sequences are treated in a separate section.
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Mercati, Flavio. Historical Interlude. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0011.
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This chapter recounts the main steps that led to the present formulation of SD. In particular, the attempts by Barbour, Ó Murchadha, Anderson, Kelleher and Foster of implementing conformal symmetry through best matching, which culminated in the realization that York’s method (in particular, the assumption of not transforming the trace of the extrinsic curvature when scanning the conformal equivalence class in a CMC slice) can be understood as a volume-preserving conformal transformation.
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Parikh, Roshni A., and David M. Williams. Clearing the Clogged Microcatheter During Particulate Embolization. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0064.
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This chapter describes the steps in management, applications, challenges, and potential complications when a microcatheter becomes clogged during an embolization. If a microcatheter does become occluded during an embolization, it can be a challenge to clear it without removing the catheter completely, thus losing access to the desired location. If a standard 1-cc syringe is placed and manual pressure is applied to clear the catheter, this can generate pressures up to 100 times the arterial blood pressure, thus risking nontarget embolization from the residual embolic material in the microcatheter. This chapter describes the steps involved in safely clearing an occluded microcatheter with the use of a standard balloon insufflator.
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Kahn, S. Lowell, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani, eds. Interventional and Endovascular Tips and Tricks of the Trade. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.001.0001.
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Through 105 highly-illustrated chapters, Interventional and Endovascular Tips and Tricks of the Trade equips interventional radiologists, surgeons, and cardiologists with unique techniques for solving complex clinical problems that may arise during both vascular and non-vascular procedures. The techniques are presented as succinct steps with particular attention paid to applications, challenges, potential pitfalls, and steps of the procedure. The accessible outline format and illustrative case examples optimize learning, patient selection, and outcomes. Suggested further readings and references are included with each technique. The “outside-the-box” strategies presented in this volume are useful solutions to clinical challenges in the ever-evolving field of interventional medicine.
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Manuel José Cepeda, Espinosa, and Landau David. Part Two Rights, 4 Equality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190640361.003.0004.
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This chapter reviews the Colombian Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence on equality. In accordance with the constitutional text, the Court has developed a substantive conception of equality, one that allows and even encourages special measures on behalf of historically disadvantaged groups. This case law is of particular importance given the historically stratified and unequal nature of Colombian society. This chapter reviews the Court’s jurisprudence legalizing same-sex marriage, allowing gender quotas on behalf of female public officials, and requiring that the Bogota authorities take steps to make the public transportation system handicapped-accessible. In all of these cases, the Court has taken steps toward the achievement of substantive equality on behalf of the historically disadvantaged.
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Ashour, Omar, and Sherif Mohyeldeen. Security Sector Reform and Transitional Justice after the Arab-Majority Uprisings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628567.003.0012.
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In Chapter 12, Omar Ashour and Sherif Mohyelden examine the linked demands for transitional justice and security sector reform during and after the uprisings in Egypt. They trace the targeting of security and intelligence forces during the uprising, as perpetrators of particular abuses, and the demands in the post-Mubarak period for transitional justice and specific measures of security sector reform. These were initiated in limited ways, such as through fact-finding committees, but further steps were not taken, and following the coup in 2013, the military authorities did not support reform of the sector or transitional justice. Although human rights and transitional justice bodies were established by the government, few substantive steps were taken and the prospects for reform are slim.
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Fried, Mirjam. Principles of Constructional Change. Edited by Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0023.
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This chapter considers the application of the principles of Construction Grammar to language change. It describes a particular change in a morphological construction of Old Czech and discusses some of the ways in which constructions may change internally. The chapter explains the concept of constructionalization and establishes its connection with Construction Grammar. It highlights the gradual nature of constructional change, the micro-steps involved at different constructional levels, and the importance of context.
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MacBride, Fraser. On the Genealogy of Universals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811251.001.0001.
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This book provides new insights into the origins and development of analytic philosophy by undertaking a genealogy of universals in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Examining neglected texts and figures—the early writings of Moore and Russell, the philosophies of Whitehead and Stout—it describes a forgotten narrative that runs from Moore’s engagement with Kant and culminates in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and Ramsey’s work influenced by it. Following Hume’s lead on causation, Kant had problematized the particular–universal distinction. Early Moore took Kant’s lesson on board, but overthrew Kant’s transcendental justification of the distinction. Wittgenstein and Ramsey bore out Moore’s scepticism about the particular–universal distinction when they realized the consequences of their pictorial doctrine of representation and their correlative account of the unity of the fact—a form of naturalism which means only the world can disclose its categories to us in experience. Between the beginning and end of this narrative, this book uncovers previously overlooked contributions to the conversation about universals central to analytic philosophy. First, Russell’s initial steps from Kantianism into analytic philosophy and the subsequent metaphysics revealed in the interstices of his commentary on Leibniz. Then the interweaving development of Russell’s multiple relation theory of judgement and his theory of relations which shows Wittgenstein never refuted the multiple relation theory. Finally, Russell’s own anticipation of Wittgenstein’s picture theory, Stout’s doctrine of abstract particulars as a category superseding particulars and universals and Whitehead’s theory of objects and events as a prelude to Ramsey’s scepticism about the particular–universal distinction.
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Como, David R. The Rubble of Episcopacy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199541911.003.0004.
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This chapter explores the politics of the Long Parliament in 1641, focusing on how efforts in parliament to remodel the church interacted with external pressure campaigns and informal propaganda flowing from London presses. The chapter examines the emergence of fissures within the godly front that was challenging the existing church order. Particular attention is devoted to the rise of “independency” as a label used by both friends and enemies to describe varying shades of congregational church government. The chapter also outlines the proactive steps taken by puritan reformists to bury these growing differences. It suggests that those steps paradoxically provided leverage to more militant “independent” ideologues, who were emboldened and abetted by the attack on episcopacy waged by leading MPs at Westminster, and who began to adopt and promote ever more extreme attacks on the existing order.
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Printed For D. Brown and a Bell. History of France from the Origin of That Nation to the Year 1702: Containing, Besides All the Material Transactions in Peace and War, a Particular Account of the Steps Taken by Their Late Princes, to Subvert Their Civil Liberties, and to Extirpate Th. HardPress, 2020.
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21
Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger, and Eric Coissac. Environmental DNA. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.001.0001.
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Environmental DNA (eDNA), i.e. DNA released in the environment by any living form, represents a formidable opportunity to gather high-throughput and standard information on the distribution or feeding habits of species. It has therefore great potential for applications in ecology and biodiversity management. However, this research field is fast-moving, involves different areas of expertise and currently lacks standard approaches, which calls for an up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis. Environmental DNA for biodiversity research and monitoring covers current methods based on eDNA, with a particular focus on “eDNA metabarcoding”. Intended for scientists and managers, it provides the background information to allow the design of sound experiments. It revisits all steps necessary to produce high-quality metabarcoding data such as sampling, metabarcode design, optimization of PCR and sequencing protocols, as well as analysis of large sequencing datasets. All these different steps are presented by discussing the potential and current challenges of eDNA-based approaches to infer parameters on biodiversity or ecological processes. The last chapters of this book review how DNA metabarcoding has been used so far to unravel novel patterns of diversity in space and time, to detect particular species, and to answer new ecological questions in various ecosystems and for various organisms. Environmental DNA for biodiversity research and monitoring constitutes an essential reading for all graduate students, researchers and practitioners who do not have a strong background in molecular genetics and who are willing to use eDNA approaches in ecology and biomonitoring.
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Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. 8. Experimental Research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198702740.003.0008.
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This chapter explores the principles of experimental research design as well as the issues and problems associated with different aspects of the approach. In particular, it considers the issue of internal and external validity, the common obstacles associated with experimental research, and what can be done to try and avoid or minimize them. The chapter first describes the five steps involved in the classic version of the experimental design before discussing three types of experimental design: laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments. It also examines the ethical issues that arise from experimental research and concludes by highlighting some of the advantages of experimental research.
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Strong, S. I. 7. Adapting IRAC to ‘discuss’ questions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811152.003.0007.
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This chapter explains how the IRAC method of legal essay writing can be adapted for use with ‘discuss’ type questions, focusing on the following topics: what a ‘discuss’ question is asking you to do; how to structure the ‘discuss’ essay; and how to adapt each of the four IRAC steps (issue, rule, application, conclusion) to ‘discuss’ questions. The discussion also identifies the three basic types of ‘discuss’ questions (legal theory, legal reform and legal history) and describes the best way to approach each particular category of questions and the best types of legal authorities to introduce to do well. Tips on writing legal essays and exams are given.
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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Structural Equation Modeling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0014.
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This chapter presents structural equation modeling as a tool for conducting research regarding how collections of variables may be related to each other as well as to a particular outcome or even multiple outcomes. Structural equation modeling refers to a collection of analytical techniques that can be used to model complex patterns of predictive relationships among a collection of both measured and latent variables. As a statistical tool, structural equation modeling combines the features of regression and factor analysis. The chapter offers conceptual illustrations and practical steps for carrying out structural equation modeling by describing mediation and moderation analyses in the context of music education research.
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Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Mark, Tobias Lenz, Jeanine Bezuijen, Besir Ceka, and Svet Derderyan. International Authority: From Concept to Measure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724490.003.0001.
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Chapter One discusses the theoretical-conceptual underpinnings of the Measure of International Authority (MIA). In what respects, and to what extent, do international organizations exert legal rational authority? What powers do non-state actors have in international decision making and dispute settlement? To what extent, when, and how do states sacrifice the national veto in collective decision making? The chapter is structured in a sequence of five steps from the abstract to the particular: conceptualize authority; specify the concept as formal authority of international organizations; unfold in the dimensions of delegation and pooling; operationalize international organization (IO) composition and decision making in indicators that describe institutional alternatives that can be reliably assessed; explicate principles for scoring and adjudicating cases.
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Wilson, Robert A. Group-level Cognizing, Collaborative Remembering, and Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737865.003.0014.
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This chapter steps back from the important psychological work on collaborative remembering at the heart of the present volume to take up some broader questions about the place of memory in Western cultural thought, both historically and in contemporary society, offering the kind of integrative and reflective perspective for which philosophy is often known. In particular, the text aims to shed some light on the relationship between collaborative memory and the other two topics in this title—group-level cognizing and individuals—beginning with the relationship between collective intentionality and collaborative remembering, and concluding with some brief comments on the politics of collaborative remembering by drawing on recent work that has been undertaken with eugenics survivors in Canada.
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Backhouse, Roger E., Bradley W. Bateman, and Tamotsu Nishizawa. Liberalism and the Welfare State in Britain, 1890–1945. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190676681.003.0002.
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This chapter establishes that the British welfare state was the creation of Liberals as much as socialists. By the early twentieth century, the “New Liberalism” was moving the Liberal Party away from Gladstonian Liberalism, and the Asquith government took major steps toward a welfare state before World War I. The economists arguing for the welfare state included many Liberals, notably Alfred Marshall, J. A. Hobson, A. C. Pigou, William Beveridge, and John Maynard Keynes. British Liberalism was varied, and influential strands within it were strongly supportive of the welfare state. Beveridge and Keynes, in particular, were responsible for much of the intellectual architecture of the welfare state as it was implemented by the first postwar Labour government of Clement Attlee.
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Matthews, Russell A., Julie Holliday Wayne, and Sara J. McKersie. Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Work and Family. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.3.
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In an effort to move the field forward work–family scholars continue to evaluate their research with an ever-increasing critical eye. Yet, one area work–family scholars often struggle with is the development and application of theory. Building on previous discussions of theory within the literature, we focus on five theories (i.e., social-exchange theory, person–environment fit theory, adaptation theory, affective events theory, and theory of planned behavior) that have the potential to propel work–family scholarship forward. Also provided in the chapter is a discussion concerning how some theories are misused in the literature. Throughout the chapter, particular emphasis is placed on discussing steps researchers may take to further develop, apply, and refine theories when examining the work–family interface.
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Fischer, Frank. Sustaining Democracy in Hard Times: Participatory Theory for Local Environmental Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0012.
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This final chapter explores ideas previously taken up and relates them to political theory, democratic deliberative politics in particular. Up to this point, these ideas have been presented as theoretical contributions to both participatory governance and the relocalization movement. The discussion here seeks to extend the theoretical perspective more specifically to a number of important but relatively neglected traditions in democratic political theory, especially as they relate to ideas taken from the writings of Bookchin and Sale. This involves the theories of associative democracy, insurgent democratic politics, and participatory or democratic expertise. These theoretical orientations are provided as steps in search of a broader environmental political theory that can address the democratic struggles that are anticipated during the socio-ecological climate crisis ahead.
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Goyal, Yugank. The Phoenix of Interdisciplinarity in Higher Education. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199480654.003.0014.
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The aim of this chapter is to (re)claim the position of interdisciplinarity in the context of higher education, with particular reference to India. After throwing light on what constitutes interdisciplinary teaching and research in Part I, the chapter discusses in Part II how the disciplines emerged and what kinds of forces fossilized the hierarchical structures of pedagogical classifications. This section demystifies the sanctity of disciplines and offers a strong case against the necessity of disciplinary education. Part III illustrates the desirability of interdisciplinarity reflecting in both its supply and demand. Part IV explores in detail, the higher education landscape in India and locates interdisciplinarity therein. Policy steps for encouraging interdisciplinarity are analysed and proposals for institutionalizing interdisciplinarity are discussed in Part V. Part VI concludes.
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Robert, Cryer. Part II The Relationship to Domestic Jurisdictions, 11 The ICC and its Relationship to Non-States Parties. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0011.
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Reliable state cooperation remains one of the main challenges for the Court. The Rome Statute establishes a framework for the cooperation of States Parties with the Court, but it does not directly address issues related to the cooperation of non-States Parties who may be required to cooperate with the Court pursuant to UN Security Council referrals. Thus far, ICC practice has been contradictory in relation to duties of arrest and surrender, while the ASP has only gradually taken steps to enhance incentives for compliance. This chapter explores the source and nature of the rights and obligations of non-States Parties vis-à-vis the Court, in particular its relationship with certain powerful states (e.g. the United States), and ways to re-think the existing status quo.
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Nikoletta, Kleftouri. 4 European Banking Union. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743057.003.0004.
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Having a multiplicity of financial regulators, supervisors, and resolution authorities in Europe can weaken supervision, heighten legal uncertainty, and impede effective resolution. European officials recently agreed that further steps are needed to tackle the specific risks in particular within the euro area, where pooled monetary responsibilities had increased the possibility of cross-border spillover effects in the event of bank crises. As a result, they created a union aimed to centralize bank supervision, deposit insurance, and bank resolution. This chapter sets out two components of the European banking union: single supervision, and single deposit insurance. Single resolution is separately discussed in Chapter 8, where international and European bank resolution frameworks are examined. The chapter concludes that deeper reforms are needed, in conjunction with effective cooperation arrangements.
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Tansey, Michael. Intelligent Drug Development. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199974580.001.0001.
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Clinical research is heavily regulated and involves coordination of numerous pharmaceutical-related disciplines. Each individual trial involves contractual, regulatory, and ethics approval at each site and in each country. Clinical trials have become so complex and government requirements so stringent that researchers often approach trials too cautiously, convinced that the process is bound to be insurmountably complicated and riddled with roadblocks. A step back is needed, an objective examination of the drug development process as a whole, and recommendations made for streamlining the process at all stages. With Intelligent Drug Development, Michael Tansey systematically addresses the key elements that affect the quality, timeliness, and cost-effectiveness of the drug-development process, and identifies steps that can be adjusted and made more efficient. Tansey uses his own experiences conducting clinical trials to create a guide that provides flexible, adaptable ways of implementing the necessary processes of development. Moreover, the processes described in the book are not dependent either on a particular company structure or on any specific technology; thus, Tansey's approach can be implemented at any company, regardless of size. The book includes specific examples that illustrate some of the ways in which the principles can be applied, as well as suggestions for providing a better context in which the changes can be implemented. The protocols for drug development and clinical research have grown increasingly complex in recent years, making Intelligent Drug Development a needed examination of the pharmaceutical process.
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Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts. What Can Men Do Against Such Reckless Hate? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0013.
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This chapter explores possible responses to the epistemic crisis in current media ecosystems. It explains why the complex, long-term causes outlined in this book do not lend themselves to small technocratic solutions but also emphasizes adaptations that traditional media can undertake, in particular shifting the performance of objectivity from demonstrating neutrality to institutionalized accountability in truth-seeking, as well as reforms in rules surrounding political advertising and data collection and use in behavioral advertising. The chapter describes meaningful incremental steps that might contain the extension of the unhealthy propaganda dynamics to deeper and more invidious forms. It also explains that, given the decades-long effects of the propaganda feedback loop on the architecture of right-wing media in America, broader systematic solutions are only likely to come with sustained political change.
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Mark, Herbert. III Trust Arbitration as a Matter of National Law, 10 Trust Arbitration in England and Wales: The Trust Law Committee. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759829.003.0010.
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This chapter examines the strategy being adopted in England and Wales to enable the arbitration of trust disputes to be introduced, and the steps that have already been taken in that direction. One particular obstacle to progress in Britain is Article 6.1 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which requires that everyone’s civil rights and obligations be determined by way of a public hearing, whereas arbitrations are traditionally confidential and heard in private. The chapter asks whether legislation is truly necessary in order to achieve trust arbitration, and this leads to a longer exploration of Article 6.1 and its importance in the context of trust arbitration. It concludes with a final rhetorical question: is the required legislation achievable in a manner compatible with Article 6.1?
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Thurman, Eric. Adam and the Making of Masculinity. Edited by Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.15.
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The narrative(s) in Genesis 1–3 is a foundational text for Western discourse on gender and sexuality. To date, studies of biblical masculinities have virtually ignored the biblical first male subject; feminist scholarship has long focused on Eve; and queer readings that render Genesis 1–3 alien to modern discourses are promising but small in number. This chapter takes some tentative first steps toward a more focused reception history of Adam as a gendered subject. In light of the current (and still relatively new) state of scholarship on biblical masculinities, the chapter then proposes that reception history and cultural-historical approaches to biblical “afterlives” offer a promising path for future work. Particular attention is paid to Adam’s gender in Genesis 1–3 itself and in the writings of Paul, as well as in later theological, literary, and artistic texts.
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Ullmann-Margalit, Edna. Second-Order Decisions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802433.003.0003.
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People are often reluctant to make decisions by calculating the costs and benefits of alternative courses of action in particular cases. Knowing, in addition, that they may err, people and institutions often resort to second order strategies for reducing the burdens of, and risk of error in, first order decisions. They make a second order decision when they choose one from among such possible strategies. They adopt rules or presumptions; they create standards; they delegate authority to others; they take small steps; they pick rather than choose. Some of these strategies impose high costs before decision but low costs at the time of ultimate decision; others impose low costs both before and at the time of ultimate decision; still others impose low costs before decision while exporting to others the high costs at the time of decision.
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Haider, Najam. The Death of Mūsā al-Kāzim (d. 183/799). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656485.003.0006.
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This chapter examines Twelver Shī‘ī scholarly treatments of martyrdom, with a particular focus on historical and theological discussions surrounding the figure of the Imām. Shī‘ī scholars attempted to reconcile two potentially contradictory positions: (1) a maximalist notion of the Imām’s knowledge; and (2) a belief that many (if not all) of the Imāms were murdered by their enemies. If both of these premises are true, then is an Imām ultimately complicit in his own death? If he takes no steps to avoid his own murder, then is this suicide? This chapter addresses these questions through a case study centered on the seventh Twelver Shī‘ī Imām, Mūsā al-Kāẓim (d. 183/799) as discussed by three early Shī‘a scholars: Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-Ṣaffār al-Qummī (d. 290/902–03); Muḥammad b. Ya‘qūb al-Kulaynī (d. 329/940–41); and Ibn Bābawayh (d. 381/991–92).
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Helfont, Samuel. Saddam Takes Control. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843311.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 discusses Saddam Hussein’s rise to the presidency in Ba’thist Iraq in which he inherited an existing relationship between his regime and the Iraqi religious landscape. Saddam also inherited a rich Ba‘thist intellectual heritage, which had a good deal to say about religion, and Islam in particular, and offered what he considered to be powerful tools to face the challenges that lay before him. Chapter 1 highlights the the role of religion in Saddam’s rise to power and the secret polices on religion that he enacted. It will then discuss the initial steps he took to consolidate his power and contain uprisings within Iraq’s religious landscape. His polices reflect a Ba’thist interpretation of Islam that was first articulated by the Syrian Christian intellectual, Michel Aflaq, in the mid-20th century. Under Saddam’s leadership, the Ba’thist regime attempts to impose its ideas on religion.
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Oliver, Cynthia. Epiphanic Moments. Edited by Rebekah J. Kowal, Gerald Siegmund, and Randy Martin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199928187.013.23.
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In the form of a lyric essay, this chapter offers perspectives of artists across the field coping with the messages delivered, received, and absorbed in the dance world. From the atmosphere in the studio that primes the young dancer with particular ideas around his or her training, to the complicated and sometimes confusing conditions and processes of creating dances, this work discusses artists’ challenges with garnering support, with the steps toward and negotiations around being presented, as well as relationships with peers, the receipt and offering (or lack thereof) of criticism in both informal and formal arenas, and ultimately survival in their complicated, beloved field of dance. This chapter questions the psychological, material, and political conditions of practitioners in the field, offering its content as a means to consider the layered, complicated nature of choosing dance as a way of life in contemporary North America.
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Stanghellini, Giovanni. Alterity and the other person: the anatomy of recognition. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0016.
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This chapter argues that another kind of teleology at play in human emotional experience is the desire for recognition. I long for the Other to appreciate me as I am rather than how I should be. Recognition entails five basic steps. First, I must acknowledge that the life-world of the other person is not like my own. Second, I need to grant the meaningfulness of the other person’s actions as embedded in the other person’s life-world. Third, I must learn to neutralize my natural attitude that would make me evaluate the other’s experience as if it took place in a world like my own. Fourth, I must try to reconstruct the existential structures of the world the other lives in. Fifth, I can finally attempt to understand the other’s experience as meaningfully situated in a world that is indelibly marked by the other person’s particular existence.
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Gabrielle, Kaufmann-Kohler, and Rigozzi Antonio. 6 The Proceedings before the Arbitral Tribunal. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199679751.003.0006.
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This chapter considers how arbitral proceedings unfold once the tribunal is constituted (as discussed in chapter 4), up until the deliberation phase (which is addressed in chapter 7). It starts by identifying the rules that govern the conduct of arbitral proceedings and then examines the interaction between those rules, before describing, by reference to current best practices, the different steps in a ‘standard’ international arbitration. The discussion illustrates, in particular, the articulation between fundamental principles of due process and the parties’ autonomy and arbitrators’ powers in organizing arbitral proceedings. The presentation of arbitral practice is supplemented by a number of model procedural documents: terms of reference for ICC arbitrations, terms of appointment, and a set of specific procedural rules suitable for both institutional and ad hoc arbitration, as well as a standard letter on the appointment of an arbitral secretary. The chapter’s final section is devoted to provisional measures.
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Roehrkasten, Sybille. Are We on the Cusp of a Global Renewable Energy Transition? Edited by Debra J. Davidson and Matthias Gross. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633851.013.28.
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This chapter examines global energy trends, whether a global renewable energy transition is already taking place, and what steps are needed to further accelerate the global deployment of renewables. It first considers the expansion of renewable energy in light of global energy trends, noting that a global energy transition is not yet a reality but is urgently needed. It then looks at drivers and barriers for an accelerated expansion of renewable energy and proceeds by discussing how renewables are moving from the sidelines to the center stage of global energy governance. In particular, it describes the politics behind the creation of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), an intergovernmental organization on renewable energy, as well as current challenges for global governance on renewable energy. The chapter shows that global renewable energy capacities have grown significantly but that global energy supply is still dominated by fossil fuels.
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Psillos, Stathis. Regularity Theories. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0008.
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This article articulates Regularity View of Causation (RVC) with an eye to two things: first, its conceptual development; second, its basic commitments and implications for what causation is. The article has chosen to present RVC in a way that respects its historical origins and unravels the steps of its articulation in the face of objections and criticism. It is important for the explication and defence of RVC to see it as a view of causation that emerged in a certain intellectual milieu. RVC has been developed as an attempt to remove efficiency from causation and hence, to view causation not as a productive relation but as a relation of dependence among discrete events. In particular, the thought that causation is regularity is meant to oppose metaphysical views of causation that posit powers or other kinds of entity that are supposed to enforce the regularities that there are in the world or to explain the alleged necessity that there is in causation.
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Dutton, George E. Philiphê Bỉnh and the Catholic Geographies of Tonkin. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293434.003.0002.
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This chapter uses Binh’s own self-introduction to situate him within the particular geographies that shaped the trajectory of his life. The chapter shows how Binh positioned himself both locally and globally, and how this influenced his life. The chapter then steps back to explore the history of the Catholic missions in Tonkin, revealing increasing rivalry between the Portuguese Jesuits and the later-arriving French and Spanish mission societies. It shows the degree to which geographical situations shaped these projects: from the increasing involvement of the Spanish, based in the Philippines, to the division of Tonkin into two vicariates assigned to the Dominicans and the MEP missionaries. It also discusses Binh’s religious training, first as a catechist of an Italian Jesuit priest, and later as a seminary student in a Dominican religious school. It describes the consequences of the Jesuit order’s disestablishment in 1773, and the growing challenges facing its loyalists as their priests slowly began to disappear.
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Drennan, Kathryn J., and Maria Vanushkina. Spinal Cord Injury in Pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0029.
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Spinal cord injury is an uncommon complication of pregnancy. But women with spinal cord injuries should be counseled that successful pregnancy is possible. Pregnancies should be planned once the patient has reached optimal functional status. At the outset of pregnancy, complications should be planned for, and an overall functional and routine health maintenance assessment should be evaluated. Providers should pay particular attention to voiding and elimination management, prevention of urinary tract infection, respiratory complications, and autonomic dysreflexia. Urinary complications can be decreased by maintaining a low pressure voiding system as well as addressing urinary tract bacterial colonization. When autonomic dysreflexia is encountered, the source should be identified and eliminated. Proactive management of potential complications leads to successful pregnancies with neonatal outcomes indistinguishable from the general population. The management of acute spinal cord injury should emphasize maternal stabilization. If an acute spinal cord injury occurs in pregnancy, any steps needed to improve the outcome should be undertaken.
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Jeffery, Commission, and Moloo Rahim. 9 Other Procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729037.003.0009.
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This chapter examines other procedures in investment arbitration proceedings, with particular emphasis on how International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and UNCITRAL tribunals have addressed them in practice. ICSID has schematically set out what it describes as ‘the steps in the process’ in an ICSID arbitration using a flow chart. However, this flow chart is not able to anticipate with much certainty the potential impact of certain other procedures. The chapter first explains the determination of the legal place or seat of arbitration in non-ICSID Convention arbitrations before discussing the practice of early dismissal mechanisms, specifically, ICSID Rule 41(5) objections for manifest lack of legal merit. It then considers the question of site visits conducted by tribunals in ICSID and UNCITRAL arbitrations, the practice of tribunal-appointed experts, and requests for reconsideration. It also outlines the features of multi-party arbitration, including the procedures and issues associated with mass claims.
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Lause, Mark A. Fraternity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040306.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the spiritualists' efforts to rebuild their movement and their communities in a more meaningful way in the course of the Civil War and its immediate aftermath, while also addressing the issues involved in the Reconstruction of the nation. In particular, it considers the movement's formulation of practical steps in hopes of moving into the real world their thoroughly unrealized vision of a fraternity of free and equal peoples. As the nation strove to reconstitute itself, spiritualism achieved a new level of national organization. War not only destroyed existing structures, but also provided new standards for those that would be rebuilt. This chapter shows how the struggle to maintain the mystical idea of the Union transformed the spiritualists' ideal of liberty and strengthened their sense of fraternity, or solidarity, as the safeguard of equality. It also discusses the spiritualists' position on issues such as labor strife and strikes, their responses to social injustice, and their views about social change.
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Leeds, Brett Ashley, and T. Clifton Morgan. The Quest for Security: Alliances and Arms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.345.
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Security issues have long been linked to the study of international relations. The crucial issue which scholars and decision makers have sought to understand is how states can avoid being victimized by war while also being prepared for any eventuality of war. Particular attention has been devoted to alliances and armaments as the policy instruments that should have the greatest effect on state war experiences. Scholars have attempted to use balance of power theories to explain the interrelationships between arms, alliances, and international conflict, but the overwhelming lack of empirical support for such theories led the field to look for alternatives. This gave rise to new theorizing that recognized variance in national goals and an enhanced role for domestic politics, which in turn encouraged empirical tests at the nation state or dyadic level of analysis. Drawing from existing theoretical perspectives, more specific formal models and empirical tests were invoked to tackle particular questions about alliances and arms acquisitions. Despite significant advances in individual “islands of theory,” however, integrated explanations of the pursuit and effects of security policies have remained elusive. An important consideration for the future is to develop of theories of security policy that take into account the substitutability and complementarity of varying components. There have been two promising attempts at such integrated theorizing: the first explains the steps to war and the second is based on the assumption that states pursue two composite goods through foreign policy.
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Kaloshin, Vadim, and Ke Zhang. Arnold Diffusion for Smooth Systems of Two and a Half Degrees of Freedom. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691202525.001.0001.
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Arnold diffusion, which concerns the appearance of chaos in classical mechanics, is one of the most important problems in the fields of dynamical systems and mathematical physics. Since it was discovered by Vladimir Arnold in 1963, it has attracted the efforts of some of the most prominent researchers in mathematics. The question is whether a typical perturbation of a particular system will result in chaotic or unstable dynamical phenomena. This book provides the first complete proof of Arnold diffusion, demonstrating that that there is topological instability for typical perturbations of five-dimensional integrable systems (two and a half degrees of freedom). This proof realizes a plan John Mather announced in 2003 but was unable to complete before his death. The book follows Mather's strategy but emphasizes a more Hamiltonian approach, tying together normal forms theory, hyperbolic theory, Mather theory, and weak KAM theory. Offering a complete, clean, and modern explanation of the steps involved in the proof, and a clear account of background material, the book is designed to be accessible to students as well as researchers. The result is a critical contribution to mathematical physics and dynamical systems, especially Hamiltonian systems.