Relevant bibliographies by topics / In situ alloying

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'In situ alloying'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "In situ alloying"

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Li, Jing-qing, Gui-qiu Ma, Xu-bo Yuan, and Jing Sheng. "In-Situ Alloying Dynamics and Phase Morphology of Binary Polymer Blends." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13335.

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In-situ alloying of polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) binary polymer blends using anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst was investigated by small angle light scattering. The phase structures, morphology, and compatibilization effect in the obtained alloys during the in-situ alloying process were investigated by Rayleigh scattering. The content of compatible domains between the two phases of PP and PS in the in-situ alloys, i.e. the volume fraction of the interfacial transition layer, and the ‘invariant’ of the alloys were first calculated to describe the in-situ alloying dynamics, which reveals that the resulting in-situ PP/PS alloys are partially compatible. The relationship between the volume fraction of the interfacial transition layer or ‘invariant’ and the in-situ alloying reactive conditions are discussed in detail. The phase structural parameters, including correlation distance and average chord lengths, were calculated to characterize the phase size evolutions of the in-situ alloys, confirming the validity of using the volume fraction of the interfacial transition layer or ‘invariant’ to investigate the in-situ alloying dynamics.
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Hou, Yaqing, Hang Su, Hao Zhang, Xuandong Wang, and Changchang Wang. "Fabricating Homogeneous FeCoCrNi High-Entropy Alloys via SLM In Situ Alloying." Metals 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060942.

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Selective laser melting (SLM) in situ alloying is an effective way to design and fabricate novel materials in which the elemental powder is adopted as the raw material and micro-areas of elemental powder blend are alloyed synchronously in the forming process of selective laser melting (SLM). The pre-alloying process of preparation of raw material powder can be left out, and a batch of bulk samples can be prepared via the technology combined with quantitative powder mixing and feeding. The technique can be applied to high-throughput sample preparation to efficiently obtain a microstructure and performance data for material design. In the present work, bulk equiatomic FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloys with different processing parameters were fabricated via laser in situ alloying. Finite element simulation and CALPHAD calculation were used to determine the appropriate SLM and post-heating parameters. SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and mechanical testing were used to characterize the composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of as-printed and post-heat-treated samples. The experimental results show that the composition deviation of laser in situ alloying samples could be controlled within 20 wt %. The crystal structure of as-printed samples is a single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC), which is the same as those prepared by the traditional method. The mechanical properties of the samples prepared by laser in situ alloying with elemental powder blend are comparable to those prepared by pre-alloying powder and much higher than those prepared by the traditional method (arc melting). As-printed samples can get a homogeneous microstructure under the optimal laser in situ alloying process combined with post-heat treatment at 1200 °C for 20 h.
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Raghu, T., W. Krishnaswamy, and R. Sundaresan. "Copper-Tungsten In Situ Composite by Mechanical Alloying." Materials Science Forum 88-90 (January 1992): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.88-90.197.

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Jayashankar, S., and M. J. Kaufman. "In-situ reinforced MoSi2 composites by mechanical alloying." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 26, no. 8 (April 1992): 1245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(92)90571-u.

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Zhou, Yang, Xiaohan Chen, Fan Zhou, Xinggang Li, Yuhe Huang, and Qiang Zhu. "The Processing Map of Laser Powder Bed Fusion In-Situ Alloying for Controlling the Composition Inhomogeneity of AlCu Alloy." Metals 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010097.

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In-situ alloying is a facile method for exploring high-performance metallic materials for additive manufacturing. However, composition inhomogeneity is inevitable, and it is a double-edged sword for the properties of in-situ alloyed parts. Appropriately controlling the composition inhomogeneity benefits the applications of in-situ alloying in specific microstructural and properties design. In this work, the Al20Cu alloy was selected as the benchmark alloy to investigate the tailoring of composition inhomogeneity. The morphology and area percentage of composition inhomogeneity in the as-built samples were firstly analyzed. These results provided evidence for the formation of composition inhomogeneity and indicate that its content is tightly dependent on processing parameters. The characteristics of the molten pool under various processing parameters were investigated by modeling the laser remelting process. Based on these, a processing map was established to guide the tailoring of composition inhomogeneity. This study expands the understanding of the formation mechanism of composition inhomogeneity in in-situ alloyed parts and sheds light on employing laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying for new materials development.
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Zhang, Cong Fa, Wei Cao, Tong Xiang Fan, and Di Zhang. "Prediction of the Effect of Alloying Elements on In Situ Reaction in Synthesizing (AlN+Mg2Si)/Mg Composites." Key Engineering Materials 351 (October 2007): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.351.156.

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Alloying additions have an important effect on in-situ chemical reaction 4Al+Si3N4=4AlN+3Si to synthesis (AlN+Mg2Si)/Mg composites. Using the Wilson equation and an extended Miedema model, the activity in a multiple-component system can be calculated，and then the Gibbs free energy can be calculated. In final, the influence of alloying element additions on the in-situ chemical reaction at high temperature is investigated from a thermodynamic viewpoint.
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Wang, Jue, Ling Fan, Zhaomeng Liu, Suhua Chen, Qingfeng Zhang, Longlu Wang, Hongguan Yang, Xinzhi Yu, and Bingan Lu. "In Situ Alloying Strategy for Exceptional Potassium Ion Batteries." ACS Nano 13, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 3703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b00634.

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Gupta, G., K. Mondal, and R. Balasubramaniam. "In situ nanocrystalline Fe–Si coating by mechanical alloying." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 482, no. 1-2 (August 2009): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.048.

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Polozov, Igor, and Anatoly Popovich. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi-Based Eutectic Shape Memory Alloy Produced via Selective Laser Melting In-Situ Alloying by Nb." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102696.

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This paper presents the results of selective laser melting (SLM) process of a nitinol-based NiTiNb shape memory alloy. The eutectic alloy Ni45Ti45Nb10 with a shape memory effect was obtained by SLM in-situ alloying using a powder mixture of NiTi and Nb powder particles. Samples with a high relative density (>99%) were obtained using optimized process parameters. Microstructure, phase composition, tensile properties, as well as martensitic phase transformations temperatures of the produced alloy were investigated in as-fabricated and heat-treated conditions. The NiTiNb alloy fabricated using the SLM in-situ alloying featured the microstructure consisting of the NiTi matrix, fine NiTi+β-Nb eutectics, as well as residual unmelted Nb particles. The mechanical tests showed that the obtained alloy has a yield strength up to 436 MPa and the tensile strength up to 706 MPa. At the same time, in-situ alloying with Nb allowed increasing the hysteresis of martensitic transformation as compared to the alloy without Nb addition from 22 to 50 °C with an increase in Af temperature from −5 to 22 °C.
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Wimmer, Andreas, Baturay Yalvac, Christopher Zoeller, Fabian Hofstaetter, Stefan Adami, Nikolaus A. Adams, and Michael F. Zaeh. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of In Situ Alloying during Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam." Metals 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111842.

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Powder Bed Fusion of Metals using a Laser Beam (PBF-LB/M) is increasingly utilized for the fabrication of complex parts in various industrial sectors. Enabling a robust and reproducible manufacturing process is one of the main goals in view of the future success of PBF-LB/M. To meet these challenges, alloys that are specifically adapted to the process are required. This paper demonstrates the successful interplay of simulation studies with experimental data to analyze the basic phenomena of in situ alloying. The meshless Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method was employed for the numerical simulation of two-component powder systems considering both thermodynamics and fluid mechanics in the solid and the melt phase. The simulation results for the in situ alloying of stainless steel 316L blended with the aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg were enriched and validated with the data from a novel experimental test bench. The combination of both approaches can enhance the understanding of the process for in situ alloying. Therefore, future investigations of the PBF-LB/M process with multi-component powder systems can benefit from detailed numerical studies using SPH.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In situ alloying"

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van, Niekerk Cornelis Janse. "In-situ alloying of AISI 410L martensitic stainless steel with nitrogen during laser cladding." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61341.

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The feasibility of in-situ alloying of AISI 410L martensitic stainless steel with nitrogen during Nd-YAG laser cladding was investigated with the aim of achieving a nitrogen content of at least 0.08 wt% and fully martensitic microstructures in the final clad deposit. Two in-situ nitrogen alloying techniques were studied. In the first set of experiments, the absorption of nitrogen from nitrogen-rich gas atmospheres was studied. Laser cladding with commercially available AISI 410L powder was performed using nitrogen-rich shielding and carrier gas. A marginal increase in deposit nitrogen content was observed, with the clad deposit displaying low hardness and mostly ferritic microstructures. Poor nitrogen absorption from nitrogen-containing atmospheres during Nd-YAG laser cladding is generally attributed to the short thermal cycle and to suppression of plasma formation above the weld pool. In the remaining experiments, Si3N4 powder was investigated as an alternative source for nitrogen during cladding. The addition of Si3N4 to the AISI 410L powder feed resulted in clad microstructures consisted of columnar -ferrite grains with martensite on the grain boundaries, higher hardness and an increase in deposit nitrogen content (to a maximum of 0.064 wt% nitrogen). Higher nitrogen contents in the clad deposit, however, significantly increased the volume percentage porosity in the clad layer. This prompted an investigation into the feasibility of raising the nitrogen solubility of the alloy through additions of manganese and nickel to the powder feed. Thermodynamic modelling revealed that the addition of manganese to AISI 410L powder increases the nitrogen solubility limit due to its negative interaction parameter with nitrogen. The addition of up to 3.5 wt% manganese to AISI 410L powder containing Si3N4 significantly increased the nitrogen solubility in the deposit. A martensitic microstructure with 0.12 wt% nitrogen and a peak hardness of 410 HV was achieved without any adverse increase in porosity in the clad layer. The clad nitrogen content easily exceeded the minimum requirement of 0.08 wt%. High nickel concentrations in AISI 410L stainless steel expand the austenite phase field at the expense of -ferrite and alter the solidification mode from ferritic to austenitic-ferritic. The addition of up to 5.5 wt% nickel, or combinations of nickel and manganese, to the nitrogen-alloyed AISI 410L powder feed raised the deposit nitrogen content, but not to the same extent as those deposits alloyed with manganese only. Since more austenite is present on cooling in nickel-alloyed AISI 410L deposits, less nitrogen is rejected to the liquid phase on solidification, resulting in higher nitrogen contents and less porosity in the room temperature microstructures. The amount of dilution during single-track laser cladding is mainly influenced by the specific energy per unit mass delivered by the laser beam. The clad height is strongly influenced by the powder deposition rate, whereas the bead width is influenced by the wettability of the deposits during laser cladding. During multi-track cladding, the observed percentage porosity is a function of the aspect ratio of the individual beads making up the clad layer, the deposition rate and the clad height. High deposition rates result in thicker layers, increasing the distance that N2 gas bubbles have to travel to escape to the atmosphere, while a high aspect ratio favours interbead porosity. The results suggest that in-situ nitrogen alloying during laser cladding should preferably be performed at low deposition rates to ensure higher clad nitrogen contents and hardness, lower clad heights, less dilution and less porosity.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
MEng
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LATTANZI, LUCIA. "Influence of alloying elements and melt treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of the AlSi7Mg alloy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488242.

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During the last decades, the employment of AlSi7 cast alloys in the automotive industry has significantly improved because vehicles result lighter and more eco-friendly. Thus it is crucial to increase the knowledge about the properties of such alloys in order to optimise them through precise control of chemical composition, well-performed melt treatments and tailored heat treatments. The present work focuses on the influence of alloying elements and melt treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of the AlSi7Mg alloy. The main alloying elements involved in the AlSi7Mg systems are magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) and each element has a specific effect on the microstructural features. They influence the solidification curves of the alloy, and some of them can also interact with the grain refiners and eutectic modifiers added for melt treatments. In light of this, thermal analysis is useful to record the cooling curves and to detect temperature changes during solidification. These parameters, when carefully interpreted, help to predict the success of alloying additions and melt treatments, and thus to define the expected microstructure. The improvement of the mechanical properties of the alloy often relies on the addition of Cu and Ni as alloying elements. The first significantly increases the tensile properties before and after heat treatment, and the second provides excellent high-temperature mechanical properties to the alloy. In-situ fatigue tests in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with digital image correlation (DIC) and Charpy impact tests on Cu-added and Ni-added AlSi7Mg alloys, respectively, help to deepen the role played by these elements during crack nucleation and propagation. Cu strengthens the primary α-aluminium matrix via solid solution and crack propagation remains trans-granular and trans-dendritic as the copper content increases. Ni, on the other hand, forms brittle phases that do not influence the as-cast mechanical properties but significantly affect them after T6 heat treatment.
Nel corso degli ultimi decenni l’impiego di leghe di alluminio AlSi7Mg è notevolmente aumentato nell’ambito dell’autoveicolo, in quanto le vetture ne risultano alleggerite e più ecologiche. Pertanto è di cruciale importanza approfondire le conoscenze riguardo le proprietà di tali leghe in modo da poterle ottimizzare tramite preciso controllo della composizione chimica, trattamenti della lega liquida ben operati e trattamenti termici sviluppati ad hoc. Il presente lavoro riguarda l’influenza che gli elementi in lega ed i trattamenti della lega liquida hanno sulla microstruttura e sulle proprietà meccaniche della lega AlSi7Mg. I principali elementi alliganti coinvolti nel sistema AlSi7Mg sono magnesio (Mg), titanio (Ti), rame (Cu) e nichel (Ni), e ciascun elemento ha uno specifico effetto sulla microstruttura. Tali elementi modificano le curve di solidificazione della lega, ed alcuni di essi possono interagire con gli agenti affinanti e modificanti presenti per i trattamenti della lega liquida. Alla luce di ciò, l’analisi termica risulta un utile strumento per acquisire le curve di raffreddamento e rivelare variazioni di temperatura nel corso della solidificazione. Tali parametri, quando opportunamente interpretati, aiutano a predire l’avvenuta aggiunta di elementi alliganti e la riuscita dei trattamenti della lega, e dunque a definire la microstruttura attesa. Il miglioramento delle proprietà meccaniche della lega spesso si basa sull’aggiunta di rame e nickel come elementi alliganti. Il primo incrementa significativamente le proprietà a trazione prima e dopo trattamento termico, ed il secondo fornisce delle eccellenti proprietà meccaniche a temperature elevate. Prove di fatica in situ nel microscopio elettronico a scansione (SEM) abbinate alla digital image correlation (DIC) e prove di resilienza Charpy rispettivamente su leghe AlSi7Mg additivate con rame e nichel aiutano ad approfondire il ruolo giocato da tali elementi nel corso di nucleazione e propagazione della cricca. Il rame rinforza la matrice di alluminio primario per soluzione solida e la propagazione della cricca si mantiene transgranulare e trans-dendritica all’aumentare del tenore di rame in lega. Il nichel invece porta alla formazione di fasi fragili che non hanno influenza sulle proprietà meccaniche allo stato as-cast ma le inficiano dopo trattamento termico T6.
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Hanusová, Petra. "Intermetalické sloučeniny syntetizované in-situ v práškových materiálech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371774.

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The mechanical treatment of solids is one of the most common and widely used operations. The volume of solids subjected to chemical treatment is very large too. Therefore, combining these two ways into one seems to be a logical solution. This method is called the mechanochemical processing of materials. Processing materials in this way has many advantages. On the one hand, this processing is economically as well as technologically feasible. Even the materials that not react together in conventional way can be prepare in this way. The mechanochemistry/mechanochemical synthesis utilizes the mechanical energy to activate chemical reactions and structural changes. The aluminothermic reduction reactions induced by the high – energy ball milling are gaining importance because of the potential applications like the synthesis of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline in – situ metal matrix composites. The mechanical activation of the chemical reactions by high energy ball milling often changes the reaction mechanism and produces metastable materials. Changes of reaction mechanisms during mechanical alloying on four different systems were studied. The system was based on this composition: Al - B2O3 - X (X = C, Ti, Nb, Cr). The possibility of another in – situ reactions during spark plasma sintering process (SPS) was also investigated. All systems were mechanically alloyed under the same conditions. After alloying, on each system scanning electron microscopy was performed and qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction. The indentation hardness and the indentation modulus of elasticity were evaluated using nanoindentation. All analyzes were performed after mechanical alloying as well as SPS and the results were compared to each other. Based on the results, a change of reaction mechanisms was proposed for all systems. It has been found that metal matrix composites are formed and, when chromium is used, hybrid composite material reinforced with intermetallic phase and aluminum borate has been developed.
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Fischer, Marie. "Élaboration in situ d’alliages de titane et de structures architecturées par fabrication additive : application aux dispositifs médicaux implantables." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0257/document.

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La problématique initiale part du constat que les échecs d’implants sont souvent causés par une inadéquation entre les propriétés élastiques de l’os et celles de l’implant. Aujourd’hui, ce problème de biocompatibilité mécanique suscite un intérêt croissant et a conduit au développement d’alliages de titane β-métastables qui possèdent un module d’élasticité faible, moitié moindre que celui de l’alliage Ti-6Al-4V classiquement utilisé dans les applications d’implantologie. De plus, les structures architecturées ou treillis font, elles aussi, l’objet d’intenses recherches dans le but de réduire le module d’élasticité et de maximiser la résistance. Leur mise en forme, avec une maîtrise précise de l’architecture, est possible grâce à la fabrication additive et les nombreuses possibilités qu’elle offre : liberté de design, gain matière, pièces complexes, customisation de masse... Ce travail de thèse porte sur la mise en œuvre de l’alliage de titane à bas module d’élasticité Ti-26Nb(%at.) par la technologie de fusion laser sur lit de poudres. Une stratégie d’élaboration in situ de ces alliages à partir de poudres élémentaires de Ti et de Nb est explorée, à la fois pour permettre d’éventuels ajustements de composition, et pour pallier au manque de disponibilité des alliages de titane sous forme de poudres. La démarche est réalisée avec deux morphologies de poudre, irrégulière et sphérique. Les effets des nombreux paramètres de ce procédé (puissance du laser, vitesse et stratégie de balayage...) sur l’homogénéité et la porosité des pièces élaborées sont quantifiés. Un alliage homogène peut être obtenu sous réserve de l’utilisation d’une densité d’énergie adaptée et d’une granulométrie de poudre tenant compte des températures de fusion respectives des éléments. La caractérisation de la microstructure met en évidence une texture marquée, dépendante de la stratégie de balayage. Les pièces élaborées présentent un bas module d’élasticité associé à une résistance mécanique élevée, avec une déformation élastique favorable par rapport à un alliage de référence coulé. Par ailleurs, un algorithme d’optimisation est développé et permet de contrôler les propriétés mécaniques d’une structure architecturée à partir de ses paramètres géométriques (rayon, longueur et orientation des poutres). La combinaison de cet alliage de titane à bas module d’élasticité et d’une structure architecturée développée à partir ce cet algorithme a été appliqué à une prothèse totale de hanche, qui a fait l’objet de simulations par éléments finis. L’évaluation du phénomène de stress-shielding montre que, comparativement à un modèle massif plus rigide, ce type de prothèse permet de réduire de façon significative la déviation des contraintes. En se rapprochant du modèle dit physiologique, cette prothèse peut être qualifiée de « biomimétique » sur le plan du comportement mécanique
The initial problematic arises from the fact that implant failure is often caused by a mismatch between the elastic properties of the bone and those of the implant. Nowadays, an increasing interest is given to this mechanical biocompatibility and led to the development of β-metastable titanium alloys that possess low Young’s modulus, about half that of the conventionally used Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Moreover, lattice structures are currently being the subject of many investigations with the aim of achieving low Young’s modulus and high strength. Their fabrication, with accurate control over the architecture, is made possible thanks to additive manufacturing processes and the several possibilities they offer: design freedom, reduced material usage rate, complex shapes, mass customisation... The present work focuses on the implementation of low modulus titanium alloy Ti-26Nb(at.%) by the means of selective laser melting. An in situ elaboration strategy, based on a mixture of elemental powders, is explored in order to allow potential composition adjustments and to overcome the unavailability of titanium alloy powders. The approach is carried out using two distinct powder morphologies, spherical and irregular. The effects of the numerous parameters of the process (laser power, speed, scanning strategy...) on homogeneity and porosity of the manufactured parts is quantified. A homogeneous alloy can be obtained subject to the use of suitable energy density levels and powder size distributions that take into account the respective fusion temperatures of both elements. Microstructure characterisation highlights a pronounced texture resulting from the scanning strategy. The elaborated samples display a low Young’s modulus associated with a high strength, and hence a favourable strength to elastic modulus ratio compared to the reference cast alloy. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm is developed and allows controlling the mechanical properties of a lattice structure with its geometrical parameters (radius, length and orientation of struts). The combined use of this low Young’s modulus titanium alloy with a lattice structure developed through this algorithm was applied to the design of a total hip prosthesis that was subjected to finite element simulations. Stress-shielding evaluation shows that, compared to a solid design, this kind of prosthesis permits to reduce stress-shielding significantly. By getting closer to a physiological model, this prosthesis can be qualified as “biomimetic” in terms of mechanical behaviour
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Ayturk, Mahmut Engin. "Synthesis, annealing strategies and in-situ characterization of thermally stable composite thin Pd/Ag alloy membranes for hydrogen separation." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042307-012951/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: composite Pd and Pd/Ag membranes, alloying, Pd/Ag barrier, intermetallic diffusion, bi-metal multi-layer BMML deposition, electroless plating kinetics, high temperature x-ray diffraction, aluminum hydroxide surface grading, porous sintered metal supports, hydrogen separation. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 279-296 ).
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Patil, Amit k. "ADVANCED PROCESSING OF NICKEL-TITANIUM-GRAPHITE BASED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560298763233401.

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Evin, Harold. "Low Cr alloys with an improved high temperature corrosion resistance." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS082/document.

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Les aciers ferritiques à faible teneur en chrome tel que le T/P91 sont largement utilisés dans les centrales de productions d’électricité pour leurs bonnes propriétés mécaniques et leur faible coefficient d’expansion thermique. Cependant, la demande croissante en énergie alliée à la nécessité de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, conduisent à envisager l’augmentation des conditions d’utilisation (température et pression) de ces matériaux. Des études ont montré qu’en modifiant la température de fonctionnement et la pression de vapeur d’eau de 538°C/18.5 MPa à 650°C/30 MPa, le rendement des centrales thermiques progressait d’environ 8%. Se pose alors la question de la tenue à la corrosion à haute température des aciers à 9% de chrome. Au cours de ces travaux, le comportement d’un acier ferritique/ martensitique à 9% de chrome a été étudié à 650°C sous air sec et sous vapeur d’eau de matière isotherme et en conditions de cyclage thermique. La prise de masse des échantillons renseigne sur la cinétique de la réaction d’oxydation et l’adhérence des couches d’oxydes formées. Les produits de corrosion ont été caractérisés par plusieurs techniques d’analyses dans l’optique de clairement identifiés les oxydes en présences et leurs mécanismes de formation. Des oxydes mixtes de fer et de chrome (Cr,Fe)2O3 sont dans un premier temps formés et assurent s’avèrent être temporairement protecteur. Pour des longs temps d’oxydation ou des températures supérieures à 650°C, la magnétite Fe3O4 et l’hématite Fe2O3 sont les principaux oxydes formés, montrant ainsi l’inadéquation des nuances à faible teneur en chrome pour une utilisation dans des conditions aussi drastiques. Dans l’optique d’augmenter la résistance à la corrosion à haute température de cet alliage, diverses solutions ont été envisagées tel que l’aluminisation par cémentation en caisse, les revêtements d’oxydes de terre rare par MOCVD, ou encore l’ajout d’éléments d’addition. Ces solutions ont été également testées à 650°C sous air sec et sous vapeur d’eau
The improvement of high temperature oxidation resistance of low chromium content steels, such as T/P91, is of great interest in regards with their application in thermal power generating plants. Indeed, they possess good creep properties, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Important needs in energy together with environmental issues place power generation plants under constraints which lead to develop high efficiency systems. A usual way to increase the efficiency consists in increasing temperature and pressure parameters of the power generating plant. Studies has shown that the total efficiency of a plant increases by nearly 8 % when changing the steam parameters from 538°C/18.5 MPa to 650°C/30 MPa. Then, the problem of corrosion resistance of 9% chromium steel in those conditions is asked. In this work, the behavior of a ferritic / martensitic 9% chromium steel has been studied at 650°C in dry air and in water vapor containing environment in both isothermal and thermal cyclic conditions. The weight gain of samples provides information on the kinetics of the oxidation reaction and the adhesion of formed oxide scale. Corrosion products were characterized by several analytical techniques in order to identify oxides with accuracy and to understand their formation mechanisms. Mixed iron and chromium oxides (Cr, Fe) 2O3 are initially formed and provide temporary protection to the substrate. For long time exposure or temperatures above 650°C, magnetite, Fe3O4 and hematite Fe2O3 are the main oxides formed, highlighting the fact that low chromium steel are inappropriate for applications in such drastic conditions. In order to increase the high temperature corrosion resistance of this alloy, various solutions have been proposed as aluminizing by pack cementation, reactive element oxides coatings of by MOCVD, or addition of alloying elements in the steel composition. These solutions were then tested at 650 ° C in dry air and in water vapor environments
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Furgeaud, Clarisse. "Effets cinétique et chimique lors des premiers stades de croissance de films minces métalliques : compréhension multi-échelle par une approche expérimentale et modélisation numérique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2298.

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Cette thèse est consacrée au suivi de la dynamique de croissance de films minces métalliques par pulvérisation magnétron et sa corrélation avec les propriétés des films, telles que les contraintes résiduelles, la microstructure et la morphologie de surface. Différents outils de diagnostic in situ et en temps réel (courbure du substrat-MOSS, spectroscopie de réflectivité optique de surface-SDRS, diffraction (DRX) et réflectivité (XRR) des rayons X et résistivité électrique) couplés à des caractérisations ex situ (HRTEM, STEM, DRX, XRR, EBSD) ont permis d’appréhender l’influence des effets cinétiques et chimiques (réactivité interfaciale, effet d’alliage) sur les premiers stades de croissance (percolation et continuité) et l’évolution structurale et morphologique de films métalliques de haute (Cu, Ag) et faible (W) mobilité. Cette approche est couplée à des simulations atomistiques par Monte Carlo cinétique (kMC) donnant accès aux mécanismes élémentaires de croissance dans le cas du Cu. Ce code, construit et développé pour modéliser la croissance des films minces par pulvérisation magnétron, tient compte des spécificités de cette technique : distribution angulaire et énergétique du flux incident, dépôt d’énergie en (sub-)surface et évolution des contraintes aux joints de grains. Ce couplage expérimental et numérique a mis en évidence une interdépendance complexe de la vitesse de dépôt et du dépôt d’énergie sur la morphologie de croissance et les contraintes intrinsèques des films de Cu et Ag. La génération de contraintes dans ces systèmes résulte de la compétition de différents mécanismes atomiques. Le code kMC montre que la contrainte de compression due à la diffusion des adatomes dans les joints de grains diminue avec la vitesse de dépôt en l’absence de particules énergétiques. De plus, les effets chimiques étudiés comparativement dans les systèmes Cu/Ge et Ag/Ge ont mis en évidence une compétition entre énergie d’interface, réactivité chimique et ségrégation du Ge lors de la croissance. Si les mécanismes de croissance sont différents pour les deux métaux, la présence de Ge (en co-dépôt ou en sous-couche) mène aux mêmes conséquences microstructurales, à savoir une amélioration de la texture (111) et une diminution de la taille des grains et de la rugosité de surface. Enfin, cette méthodologie appliquée à la croissance d’alliages W-Si a montré une dépendance de l’épaisseur critique de la transition amorphe/cristal et de la compétition entre nucléation de la phase et en fonction de la teneur de Si
This thesis deals with the growth dynamics of thin metal films by magnetron sputtering and their correlation with film properties, such as residual stress, microstructure and surface morphology. Various in situ and real-time diagnostic tools (substrate curvature-MOSS, Optical surface reflectivity spectroscopy-SDRS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and electrical resistivity) were implemented. Coupling these investigations with ex situ characterization (HRTEM, STEM, DRX, XRR, EBSD) allows to understand the influence of kinetic and chemical effects (interfacial reactivity, alloying effect) on the early stages of growth (percolation and continuity) but also on the structural and morphological evolutions of high (Cu, Ag) and low (W) mobility metal films. A modeling approach was used for the case of Cu growth, where kinetic Monte Carlo atomistic simulations (kMC) give access to elementary growth mechanisms. This code, developed in-house to model the growth of thin films by magnetron sputtering, takes into account the specificities of this technique: angular and energetic distribution of the incident flux, energy deposition in (sub-)surface and evolution of the stress at grain boundaries. This coupling of experiments and modelling has demonstrated a complex interdependence of the deposition rate and energy deposition on the growth morphology and the intrinsic stress of Cu and Ag films. The stress level in these systems results from the competition of different atomic mechanisms. The kMC code shows that, in the absence of energetic particles, the compressive stress due to the diffusion of adatoms in the grain boundaries decreases with the deposition rate.In addition, the chemical effects studied comparatively in the Cu/Ge and Ag/Ge systems revealed a competition between interface energy, chemical reactivity and Ge segregation during growth. The growth mechanisms are different for both metals however, the presence of Ge (co-deposited or sublayer) leads to the same microstructural consequences, namely an improvement of the texture (111) and a decrease of grain size and surface roughness.Finally, this methodology applied to the growth of W-Si alloys showed that the critical thickness of the amorphous / crystal transition and the nucleation of either the or the phase strongly depends on the Si content
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Hung, Shuo-Jhang, and 洪碩章. "Preparation of In-situ Strengthening TiB2 in Conducting Cu-based Composites by Mechanical Alloying." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28866063109781814551.

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碩士
大同大學
材料工程學系(所)
94
Pure copper has excellent electrical conduction property and uses extensively as a conductive material. However, the strength and wear property of the pure copper are so low that its use on the contact or electrode material is limited. In this study pure elemental powders of Cu, Ti, and B were used to fabricate high strength and high electric conductive Cu-based composites with TiB2 as strengthening particles by the mechanical alloying technique. The milled powders were sintered in a vacuum hot-pressing furnace in a reducing atmosphere. The experimental result shows that during the milling of the initial powders up to 30 hrs, Ti and B elements continuously dissolve into the Cu lattice. No new phases were detected in this period. TiB2 phase was only formed by the subsequent annealing. The quantity of TiB2 created depends mainly on the annealing temperature and has little dependence on the milling time. From the microstructural observation, increasing the hot-pressing time can effectively eliminate the pores present in the bulk materials. The results from EPMA analysis showed that the distribution of Ti and B elements on the Cu matrix was overlapped. Quantitative analysis showed that the relative content of these two elements was close to 2 to 1, which indicated that these two elements were combined to form TiB2 during the annealing process. The microstructure of the bulk sample has primarily two regions with different contrast. The white region is rich in Cu and the gray region contains, besides Cu, larger amount Ti and B atoms. Electron migration passes readily through the white Cu-rich region. Therefore, materials with greater white region will show greater conductivity and smaller resistivity. From the hardness values of the bulk samples, it is inferred that the hardness of the bulk sample is determined by the relative size of the white region and the gray region which contains TiB2 particles, the distribution of TiB2 in the gray region.
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Mabhali, Luyolo Andrew Baxolise. "Laser surface alloying and in-situ formation of aluminium metal composites reinforced with ceramics and intermetallics." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11209.

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This thesis describes the novel laser surface alloying of aluminium AA1200 with various combinations of Ni, Ti and SiC powders, using a 4.4kW Rofin Sinar Nd:YAG laser in order to improve its mechanical and tribological properties. The laser alloying parameters were optimized on the breakdown systems of the complex Al-Ni-Ti-SiC system. Various analytical techniques were used to study the microstructures produced. Wear testing was conducted under sliding and abrasion conditions while the fracture mechanisms were investigated using impact tests. Aluminium surfaces reinforced with metal matrix composites and intermetallic phases were achieved. The phases present depended on the composition of the alloying powder mixture. Al reacted with Ni to form Al3Ni and Al3Ni2 intermetallic phases while Ti reacted with Al to form an Al3Ti intermetallic phase. Some of the SiC particles dissociated and reacted with either Al or Ti to form Al4C3, Al4SiC4, TiC or Ti3SiC2 phases. Si reacted with Ti to form a Ti5Si3 phase. An increase in surface hardness was achieved, up to a maximum of 13 times that of aluminium when alloying with 80wt%Ni + 15wt%Ti + 5wt%SiC. The increase in hardness was attributed to the intermetallic phases especially the Al3Ni2 phase. Alloying led to a 4-38% improvement in the wear resistance of the pure aluminium under sliding wear conditions and a 19-82% improvement under three body abrasion wear conditions. The predominant wear mechanisms for both wear types were groove formation by ploughing and cutting action of the abrasive particles, smearing, material pile-up, extensive cracking of the intermetallic phases and fracturing of the embedded SiC particles in the MMCs. Alloying led to a 31-50% decrease in the impact resistance of the pure aluminium. Brittle fracture of the SiC particles and transgranular cracking of the intermetallic phases were observed for the laser alloyed surfaces while ductile fracture was observed for the bulk aluminium.
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Book chapters on the topic "In situ alloying"

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Yasuda, Hidehiro, and Hirotaro Mori. "In situ Observation of Spontaneous Alloying in Nanometer-Sized Atom Clusters." In Mesoscopic Materials and Clusters, 131–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08674-2_14.

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Liu, Zhong Xia, Ming Xing Wang, Tian Fu Song, Yong Gang Weng, Jing Pei Xie, and Zhi Yong Liu. "Production and Mechanical Properties of In-Situ Ti Alloying A356 Alloys." In Materials Science Forum, 321–24. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.321.

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Reisgen, Uwe, Rahul Sharma, and Lukas Oster. "In-Situ Alloying in Gas Metal Arc Welding for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 168–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70332-5_15.

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Cao, Wei, Cong Fa Zhang, Tong Xiang Fan, and Di Zhang. "Thermodynamics of the Effect of Alloying Additions on In-Situ Reaction to Synthesize TiC/Mg Composites." In Composite Materials V, 161–65. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-451-0.161.

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Yasuda, H., and H. Mori. "In situ observation of spontaneous alloying of antimony into nm-sized indium clusters by optical absorption spectroscopy." In Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters, 144–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60854-4_36.

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Wang, Sheng Wu, Tatsuo Tabaru, Hisatoshi Hirai, and Hideto Ueno. "Effects of Re Alloying on Mechanical Properties of In-Situ Composites with Base Composition of Nb-18Si-2HfC." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 941–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.941.

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Urtiga Filho, Severino L., James C. Earthman, I. Nieves, Maria Helena Robert, and T. P. Waked. "Production and Characterization of Aluminium NbAl3 Composite by Mechanical Alloying and In Situ - A Process Comparison." In Advanced Powder Technology IV, 158–63. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-984-9.158.

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Indacochea, J. E., J. Beres, and A. Polar. "Interface Development in Joining Yttria Stabilized Zirconia to Stainless Steel by In Situ Alloying with Ni/Ti Filler Metals." In Solid State Phenomena, 19–24. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-33-7.19.

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Zhang, Cong Fa, Wei Cao, Tong Xiang Fan, and Di Zhang. "Prediction of the Effect of Alloying Elements on In Situ Reaction in Synthesizing (AlN+Mg2Si)/Mg Composites." In Composite Materials V, 156–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-451-0.156.

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Rao, K. P., and A. Vyas. "Mechanical Alloying of Ti-Al-Si-C Powders, their Thermal Stability, Phase Evolution, and Synthesis and Deformation of In Situ Produced Titanium Aluminide Composites." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications, 83–88. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.83.

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Conference papers on the topic "In situ alloying"

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Dadras, Massoud. "In-Situ alloying by 3D printing: Microstructure investigation." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.1166.

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Katz-Demyanetz, Alexander, Andrey Koptyug, and Vladimir V. Popov. "In-situ Alloying as a Novel Methodology in Additive Manufacturing." In 2020 IEEE 10th International Conference Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties (NAP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap51477.2020.9309652.

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"Use of Electro-Slag Refining for Novel in-situ Alloying Process in Steel." In 2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology. International Institute of Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e0514553.

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Farias, Mathew, Han Hu, Shanshan Zhang, Jianzhi Li, and Ben Xu. "Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Diffusion in the Melt Pool in Laser Additive Alloying Process of Co-Ni-Cr-Mn-Fe High Entropy Alloy." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72075.

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Abstract High entropy alloys (HEAs) can be manufactured in many conventional ways, but it becomes difficult of fabricating heterogeneous materials and structures. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method generally melts pure elemental powders or prefabricated alloy powders without alloying process. In-situ alloying in SLM, which is also called Laser Additive Alloying (LAA), using pure elemental powders becomes a promising method for creating HEA with heterogeneous structures. However, the effect of the diffusion of elements in the molten pool on the formation of HEA remains unclear. In this paper, the well-discussed Cantor HEA was studied in an in-situ alloying situation, where pure elemental powders (Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe) distributed on a powder bed were irradiated by laser and were subsequently allowed to cool back to room temperature. The diffusion of specific elements, with respect to their original clusters, was tracked via Mean Square Displacement (MSD) as well as the final composition of key locations. Our model was verified by showing a good agreement with the overall average diffusion rates of each element in the Cantor HEA qualitatively in other works from literature. Results initially showed that as the energy density increases, better diffusion was observed through a pixel overlay analysis about the mixing of different elements. The best-case scenario of diffusion from the pixel overlay map indicated a strong presence of 3 to 4 elements after the laser scanning. Given the conditions in the MD simulation, there was no apparent segregation of elements during the alloying process. In addition, we also conducted a simulation by implementing a 0.03 nm/ps laser scanning in a meander 2-track scan in order to completely melt the powder bed. After cooling and equilibration, Polyhedral Template Analysis was applied to analyze the crystal structure of the solidified powder bed in the presence of increasing components. When the powders of Cantor HEA were alloyed using LAA approach, all elements experienced a complex diffusion behavior, elements like Cr also experienced a relatively rapid diffusion compared to other elements. Despite this, Cr only diffused for a short period and diffused minimally during the in-situ alloying process. The analysis of element-specific behavior, such as diffusion, can provide a framework for the LAA production of HEA. This MD study provides a detailed analysis about the effect of diffusion on the formation of HEA system if in-situ alloying is adopted, the findings of this study can be used to guide the material design and the appropriate parameters for manufacturing process of new HEAs. This study can also be extended to analyze the effect of diffusion on the thermomechanical properties of HEAs.
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Wu, Qiwen, Mingxing Ma, Weiming Zhang, Wenjin Liu, and Cunyuan Peng. "Microstructure and corrosion resistance of laser alloying coating in-situ synthesized on ductile iron." In ICALEO® 2013: 32nd International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5062911.

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Zhai, Wengang, Wei Zhou, and Sharon Mui Ling Nai. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Grain Refined 316L Stainless Steel through Ti in-situ Alloying." In International Conference of Asian Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-18-6021-8_or-01-0269.html.

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Chen, Yong-Lai, L. G. Yu, and Hua Ming Wang. "Effect of in-situ weld alloying on microstructure of laser-beam-welded SiCp/6061Al metal matrix composite." In Advanced High-Power Lasers and Applications, edited by Xiangli Chen, Tomoo Fujioka, and Akira Matsunawa. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.377010.

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Zhang, Q., X. Wang, Z. Ren, G. Yang, C. Li, and C. Li. "Formation of NiAl Intermetallic Compound by Cold Spraying of Ball-Milled Ni/Al Alloy Powder Through Post Annealing Treatment." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p1208.

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Abstract Ni/Al alloy powders were synthesized by ball milling of nickel-aluminum powder mixture with a Ni/Al atomic ratio of 1:1. Ni/Al alloy coating was deposited by cold spraying using N2 as accelerating gas. NiAl intermetallic compound was evolved in-situ through post-spray annealing treatment of cold-sprayed Ni/Al alloy coating. The effect of annealing temperature on the phase transformation behavior from Ni/Al mechanical alloy to intermetallics was investigated. The microstructure of the mechanically alloying Ni/Al powder and NiAl coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that a dense Ni/Al alloy coating can successfully be deposited by cold spraying using the mechanically alloyed powder as feedstock. The as-sprayed alloy coating exhibited a laminated microstructure retained from the mechanically alloying powder. The annealing of the subsequent Ni/Al alloy coating at a temperature higher than 850°C leads to the complete transformation from Ni/Al alloy to NiAl intermetallic compound.
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Wang, H. T., C. J. Li, G. J. Yang, C. X. Li, Q. Zhang, and W. Y. Li. "Microstructural Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Nanostructured FeAl Intermetallic Compound Coating and its Ball-Milled Feedstock Powder." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0135.

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Abstract It is difficult to deposit dense intermetallic compound coatings by cold spraying directly using the compound feedstock powders due to their intrinsic low temperature brittleness. A method to prepare intermetallic compound coatings in-situ employing cold spraying was developed using a metastable alloy powder assisted with post-annealing. In this study, a nanostructured Fe/Al alloy powder was prepared by ball-milling process. The cold sprayed Fe/Al alloy coating was evolved in-situ to intermetallic compound coating through a post-annealing treatment. The microstructural evolution of the Fe-40Al powder during mechanical alloying and the effect of the post-annealing on the microstructure of the cold sprayed Fe(Al) coatings were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the milled Fe-40Al powder exhibits lamellar microstructure. The microstructure of the as-sprayed Fe(Al) coating depends significantly on that of the as-milled powder. The annealing temperature significantly influences the in-situ evolution of the intermetallic compound. The annealing treatment at a temperature of 500oC results in the complete transformation of Fe(Al) solid solution to FeAl intermetallic compound.
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Ozdemir, I., Y. Tsunekawa, C. Tekmen, T. Grund, and B. Wielage. "Wear Behavior of Plasma Spayed Al-Si/TiB2/h-BN Composite Coating." In ITSC2009, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2009p1183.

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Abstract In this work, mechanically alloyed Al–12Si/TiB2/h-BN composite powder was deposited onto an aluminum substrate by atmospheric plasma spraying. The results revealed that the mechanical alloying (MA) process has a significant effect on composite powder morphology and in-situ reaction intensity between the selective powders during plasma spraying. In addition, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powder incorporated as a solid lubricant, which has excellent lubricating properties, decomposed into B and N and formed a solid solution after a long period of milling. More specifically, during plasma spraying a large amount of h-BN reacted with Al to form AlN. Unlubricated ball-on-disk testing ring was used to examine the anti wear performance of the coatings. The worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron and energy dispersive spectroscopy to elucidate the wear mechanisms operating at the sliding interface.
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