Dissertations / Theses: 'In-situ and ex-situ conservation'

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Cambuim, José [UNESP]. "Fragmentos florestais e testes de progênies: opções para a coleta de sementes em espécies arbóreas nativas do Cerrado no Bolsão Sul-Mato-Grossense." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151021.

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O fragmento florestal e os testes de progênies, com a função de auxiliar a conservação, reabilitação dos processos ecológicos e promover a conservação da biodiversidade, tem um papel importante nos processos de restauração de áreas degradadas e diminuir os efeitos negativos da destruição dos ambientes naturais. Este trabalho objetivou conhecer a estrutura populacional, distribuição espacial e tamanho efetivo de espécies arbóreas nativas presente em um fragmento florestal de cerrado, além de estimar a variabilidade genética num teste de progênies misto de Myracrodruon urundeuva; Terminalia argentea e Astronium fraxinifolium; a partir dos carácteres silviculturais em Selvíria – MS, com vistas de transformá-las em área para subsidiar coleta de sementes. No fragmento florestal foram mensurados e identificados 1187 indivíduos com DAP ≥ 10 cm, que compõem o dossel arbóreo da floresta. Em uma área de 0,89 ha foram amostrados, pertencentes a 60 espécies distribuídas em 31 famílias, com destaque para a família Fabaceae com 11 espécies. O índice de ShannonWeaver apresentou um H’ = 2,98 nats ind-1 , o que pode ser considerado como uma diversidade média. As espécies de maior Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI) foram Copaifera landesdorffii, Diptychandra aurantiaca, Parapiptadenia rigida, Qualea grandiflora, Qualea parviflora, Vochysia tucanorum, Tapirira guianensis, Astronium fraxinifolium, Xylopia aromatica, e Mabea fistulifera. Assim, dentre as espécies encontradas com o maior IVI podem ser classificadas como potenciais para a locação de árvores matrizes para subsidiar a coleta de sementes. Portanto, dispõem de tamanho efetivo que permite a formação de novas populações, a partir da coleta de sementes nessa área de Reserva legal. No teste de progênies misto aos 22 anos, os valores altos observados para o caráter SOB (M. urundeuva - 88,0%, A. fraxinifolium – 85,9% e T. argentea - 59,6%), indicam boa adaptação das espécies em estudo e potencial para uso em reflorestamentos. As estimativas do coeficiente de variação genética oscilaram de 3,03% a 49,50%, estimando o menor valor obtidos para a variável DAP nas três espécies. As herdabilidades individuais variaram de baixa (0,14) para T. argentea, e alta (>0,40) para M. urundeuva e A. fraxinifolium no caráter DAP. A proporção sexual para as duas espécies foi tendenciosa para sexo masculino, sendo que a proporção geral foi de 1,5 machos para 1 fêmea. O tamanho efetivo populacional variou conforme a proporção de machos e fêmeas, sendo que o que mais se aproximou do valor real de indivíduos reprodutivos foi Myracrodruon urundeuva. Portanto, a seleção dos indivíduos dentro dos testes de progênies não deve considerar apenas o caráter de crescimento (DAP), mas também com base na proporção sexual e no tamanho efetivo populacional para a sua futura transformação em um Pomar de Sementes por Mudas. As informações obtidas com este estudo são úteis para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético das espécies, como também para seleção de matrizes potenciais para recuperação ambiental, o que será fundamental para restauração ecológica em áreas do Bolsão Sul-Mato-Grossense.
The forest fragment and progeny tests, with the function of assisting conservation, rehabilitation of ecological processes and promoting biodiversity conservation, play an important role in the restoration of degraded areas and reduce the negative effects of the destruction of natural environments. This work aimed to know the population structure, spatial distribution and effective size of native tree species present in a cerrado forest fragment, besides estimating the genetic variability in a test of mixed progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva; Terminalia argentea and Astronium fraxinifolium; from silvicultural characters in Selvíria - MS, with a view to transforming them into an area to subsidize seed collection. In the forest fragment were measured and identified 1187 individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm, which make up the arboreal forest canopy. In an area of 0,89 ha were sampled, belonging to 60 species distributed in 31 families, with emphasis on the Fabaceae family with 11 species. The Shannon-Weaver index showed a H '= 2,98 nats ind-1, which can be considered as a mean diversity. The species with the highest Import Value Index (IVI) were Copaifera landesdorffii, Diptychandra aurantiaca, Parapiptadenia rigida, Qualea grandiflora, Qualea parviflora, Vochysia tucanorum, Tapirira guianensis, Astronium fraxinifolium, Xylopia aromatica, and Mabea fistulifera. Thus, among the species found with the highest IVI can be classified as potential for the lease of matrix trees to subsidize the collection of seeds. Therefore, they have an effective size that allows the formation of new populations, from the collection of seeds in this area of legal reserve. In the progenies test mixed at 22 years, the high values observed for SOB (M. urundeuva – 88,0%, A. fraxinifolium – 85,9% and T. argentea – 59,6%) indicated a good adaptation of the Species and potential for use in reforestation. Estimates of the coefficient of genetic variation ranged from 3,03% to 49,50%, estimating the lowest value obtained for the DAP variable in the three species. The individual heritabilities ranged from low (0,14) for T. argentea, and high (> 0,40) for M. urundeuva and A. fraxinifolium on the DAP character. The sex ratio for both species was biased for males, with the general proportion being 1,5 males for 1 female. The effective population size varied according to the proportion of males and females, and the one that most approached the real value of reproductive individuals was Myracrodruon urundeuva. Therefore, the selection of individuals within progeny tests should not only consider the growth character (DBH), but also on the basis of the sex ratio and the effective population size for its future transformation into a Seedling Seed Orchard. The information obtained from this study is useful for the conservation and genetic improvement of the species, as well as for the selection of potential matrices for environmental restoration, which will be fundamental for ecological restoration in areas of the Bolsão Sul-mato-grossense.

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Cambuim, José. "Fragmentos florestais e testes de progênies : opções para a coleta de sementes em espécies arbóreas nativas do Cerrado no Bolsão Sul-Mato-Grossense /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151021.

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Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes
Abstract: The forest fragment and progeny tests, with the function of assisting conservation, rehabilitation of ecological processes and promoting biodiversity conservation, play an important role in the restoration of degraded areas and reduce the negative effects of the destruction of natural environments. This work aimed to know the population structure, spatial distribution and effective size of native tree species present in a cerrado forest fragment, besides estimating the genetic variability in a test of mixed progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva; Terminalia argentea and Astronium fraxinifolium; from silvicultural characters in Selvíria - MS, with a view to transforming them into an area to subsidize seed collection. In the forest fragment were measured and identified 1187 individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm, which make up the arboreal forest canopy. In an area of 0,89 ha were sampled, belonging to 60 species distributed in 31 families, with emphasis on the Fabaceae family with 11 species. The Shannon-Weaver index showed a H '= 2,98 nats ind-1, which can be considered as a mean diversity. The species with the highest Import Value Index (IVI) were Copaifera landesdorffii, Diptychandra aurantiaca, Parapiptadenia rigida, Qualea grandiflora, Qualea parviflora, Vochysia tucanorum, Tapirira guianensis, Astronium fraxinifolium, Xylopia aromatica, and Mabea fistulifera. Thus, among the species found with the highest IVI can be classified as potential for the lease of matrix trees to subsidize t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: O fragmento florestal e os testes de progênies, com a função de auxiliar a conservação, reabilitação dos processos ecológicos e promover a conservação da biodiversidade, tem um papel importante nos processos de restauração de áreas degradadas e diminuir os efeitos negativos da destruição dos ambientes naturais. Este trabalho objetivou conhecer a estrutura populacional, distribuição espacial e tamanho efetivo de espécies arbóreas nativas presente em um fragmento florestal de cerrado, além de estimar a variabilidade genética num teste de progênies misto de Myracrodruon urundeuva; Terminalia argentea e Astronium fraxinifolium; a partir dos carácteres silviculturais em Selvíria – MS, com vistas de transformá-las em área para subsidiar coleta de sementes. No fragmento florestal foram mensurados e identificados 1187 indivíduos com DAP ≥ 10 cm, que compõem o dossel arbóreo da floresta. Em uma área de 0,89 ha foram amostrados, pertencentes a 60 espécies distribuídas em 31 famílias, com destaque para a família Fabaceae com 11 espécies. O índice de ShannonWeaver apresentou um H’ = 2,98 nats ind-1 , o que pode ser considerado como uma diversidade média. As espécies de maior Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI) foram Copaifera landesdorffii, Diptychandra aurantiaca, Parapiptadenia rigida, Qualea grandiflora, Qualea parviflora, Vochysia tucanorum, Tapirira guianensis, Astronium fraxinifolium, Xylopia aromatica, e Mabea fistulifera. Assim, dentre as espécies encontradas com o maior IVI pod... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Michaels, Christopher. "Evidence based ex situ husbandry for captive amphibians." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evidence-based-ex-situ-husbandry-for-captive-amphibians(54a41c4e-a6cb-471c-8c16-ef012f61cd35).html.

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Amphibians are declining worldwide in response to pressures that are too numerous, difficult and rapid to ameliorate in the wild before some taxa become extinct. Ex situ conservation, whereby animals are maintained in captivity until threats in the wild have been resolved, is the only means of saving up to five hundred amphibian species. Amongst political, financial and practical hurdles, the most fundamental problem for these programmes is lack of knowledge about how to maintain species successfully in captivity. Captive populations have failed to survive or reproduce and, furthermore, captive husbandry may produce animals unsuitable for reintroduction through intra or inter-generational changes. These problems entirely undermine initiatives and if ex situ programs are to succeed, evidence based captive husbandry is needed to support captive breeding programs. In this thesis, I quantify our ignorance of amphibian requirements in captivity. Furthermore, I present investigations into fundamental areas ofamphibian husbandry, about which we currently know very little. I investigate the relationship between amphibians and Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and examine the relationship between UVB provision and calcium provision and evaluate routes of dietary calcium supplementation. I also present data on the effects of enrichment and rearing environment on the growth, fitness, behaviour and dermal bacterial communities of captive amphibians. These results, from a range of areas of amphibian husbandry, together demonstrate the power of the captive environment to influence the phenotype and therefore the fitness of amphibians, even within single generations. Additionally, I provide some of the first data addressing key areas of amphibian husbandry that until now have been led mostly or entirely by anecdote and hearsay.

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Kambaj, Kambol Oliver. "In situ and ex situ soil respiration in natural, Acacia-invaded and cleared riparian ecotones in the Fynbos Biome." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79854.

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Thesis (MScConEcol)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Soil respiration (Rs) is a major component of CO2 emissions and the global carbon balance. In the context of global change it of interest to understand seasonal patterns of RS in fynbos riparian ecosystems, particularly in invaded-riparian ecotones of these Mediterranean type ecosystems (MTE's) in the Western Cape, South Africa. Riparian ecotones are three dimensional transitional zones that provide multiple ecosystem services and functions and they act as the linkage between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems where key ecological and geomorphological processes occur. Riparian ecotones are highly prone to disturbance, and because of this reason are also vulnerable to invasion by invasive alien plants (IAPs), notably Acacia species. Invasion by IAPs is considered one of the major threats to global change and biodiversity causing extensive ecological, economical, and social impacts. In south-western Cape, more than two thirds of the riparian environment is invaded to some extent, IAPs replacing the well adapted native species along river systems. In particular, impact of IAPs on soil respiration (Rs) may be relevant, with consequences for ecosystem function and services. Clearing of invaded riparian zones initiated by the Working for Water program has been a successful in eradicating alien plants within riparian areas even though recovery after alien clearing is lagging at many sites, and knowledge on repair of ecosystem function is lacking. Various studies have generated knowledge on carbon cycling and Rs in forests, savanna, grasslands, tundra and Mediterranean shrublands, but little is known about Rs in riparian zones, and even less about soil CO2 efflux in invaded riparian fynbos riparian ecotones. The objective of this study was to contribute to a better understanding and quantifying the effect and impact of IAPs on carbon cycling between and across riparian ecotones with different invasion status: natural, invaded, and cleared. The study areas were located in the south-western Cape and measurements of Rs, soil temperature, soil moisture, root mass, litter mass, and soil properties were carried out in riparian soils of the mountain and transitional stream longitudinal river sections, and uplands fynbos areas of six different perennial river systems. In each site, four to five transects were laid out with one sampling site of each landscape position (wet bank, dry bank, and terrestrial areas) giving a total of 12 to 15 samples per site. Soil respiration measurements were taken over a period of two years, and were done seasonally. Results from this study showed that Rs was different among seasons with highest soil respiration rates in summer. Soil CO2 efflux increased in response to warm and dry conditions during summer, while seasonal soil CO2 efflux declined in autumn and winter in response to wet and cold soil conditions. The large increase in soil CO2 efflux response to warm and dry periods when temperature was 25 to 30 °C over all riparian sites and was highest in invaded sites compared to the natural and cleared sites. A significant difference was found between sites with different statuses with invaded sites leading seasonal Rs rates. Natural and cleared sites did not differ significantly in their CO2 efflux rates, suggesting that clearing of IAPs may put invaded ecosystems on a trajectory of restoration. There were also differences in terms of landscape positions; dry banks zones of the invaded sites had higher rates compared to wet banks and the uplands areas. Our results further suggest that roots are the most important component of overall Rs rates, rather than microbial respiration. When we incubated soils minus roots, little difference was evident, either when viewing the results by invasion status or by landscape position, which suggest that inherent soil differences in terms of microbial respiration were not different. We also use a trenching approach to further investigate this, and though we found Rs to decline significantly, trends later suggest that decomposition of fine and course roots likely obscured the decline in overall Rs due to root respiration. Overall, our results showed that clearing of invaded riparian zones will likely lead to successful restoration of soil functioning in terms of C cycling. Clearing of Acacia-invaded riparian ecotones will likely lead to a decline in root density, and which removes a major component of overall Rs. These results make the investigation of the C balance of invaded riparian ecotones and terrestrial areas critical in order to assess their contribution to regional C cycles.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Grondrespirasie (Rs) is 'n belangrike komponent van CO2 uitstroming en die globale koolstofbalans. Binne die konteks van globale verandering is dit van groot belang om die seisoenale patrone van Rs in fynbos oewer ekosisteme, veral in indringer-oewer ekotone, in die Meditereense tipe ekosisteme (MTE's) in die Wes- Kaap, Suid- Afrika te verstaan. Oewerekotone is drie-dimensioneel oorgangssones wat veelvuldige ekosisteem dienste en funksies verskaf. Hulle dien as die verbinding tussen terrestriële en water-ekosisteme waar kern ekologiese en geomorfologiese prosesse plaasvind. Oewerekotone is hoogs vatbaar vir versteuringe, en as gevolg van hierdie rede, is hul ook kwesbaar vir indringing deur indringer plante (IAPs), veral Acacia spesies. Indringing deur IAPs word beskou as een van die groot bedreigings tot en met globale verandering en biodiversiteit, wat ekstensiewe ekologiese, ekonomiese, en sosiale impakte veroorsaak. In die suid- westelike Kaap word meer as twee derdes van die oeweromgewing tot 'n mate binnegedring. IAPs vervang die goed aangepaste inheemse spesies langs riviersisteme. Die impak van IAPs, spesifiek op grondrespirasie mag substansieël wees, met gevolge vir ekosisteem funksies en dienste. Opruiming van hierdie spesifieke oewer sones, geinisieer deur die Working for Water program, was suksesvol in die uitroeing van indringer plante binne oewer areas. Alhoewel herstel na indringer opruiming op baie terreine agter is, is kennis oor die herstel van ekosisteemfunksies gebrekkig. Verskeie studies het kennis ontwikkel oor koolstofsiklisering en Rs in woude, savanna, graslande, tundra en Meditereense struiklande, maar daar is minimale informasie oor oewersones,en nog minder oor grond CO2 uitstroming in indringer oewer fynbos en oewer ekotone. Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n bydrae te lewer koolstofsiklisering beter te verstaan, en die impak van IAPs op koolstofsiklisering te kwantifiseer tussen en oor oewerekotone met verkillende indringer statusse: natuurlik, binnegedring en skoongemaak. Die studie areas was geleë in die suid- westelike Kaap, en maatstawe van Rs, grond temperature, grondvogtigheid, wortelmassa, plantafvalmassa, en grondeienskappe is uitgevoer in oewergrond van die berg en transisionele stroom longitudinale rivier seksies, asook terrestriële fynbos areas van ses verskillende standhoudende riviersisteme. In elke area is vier tot vyf transekte uitgelê met een monsternemingsarea van elke landskapsposisie (nat bank, droë bank en terrestriële areas) met 'n totaal van 12 tot 15 monsters per area. Grondrespirasie maatstawe is geneem oor 'n periode van twee jaar, en is seisoenaal uitgevoer. Resultate van die studie het getoon dat Rs verkil het tussen seisoene, met die hoogste grondrespirasietempo in die somer. Grond CO2 uitstroming het toegeneem in reaksie op warm en droë kondisies gedurende somer, terwyl seisoenale grond CO2 uitstroming afgeneem het in herfs en winter in reaksie op nat en koue grond kondisies. Die grootste toename in grond CO2 uitstroming was in reaksie op warm en droë periodes wanneer temperature gewissel het tussen 25 tot 30˚C oor alle oewersones, en was die hoogste in binnegedringde sones, vergeleke met die natuurlike en skoongemaakte terreine. 'n Beduidende verskil is gevind tussen terreine met verskillende statusse in CO2 uitstromingskoerse‚ 'n aanduiding dat opruiming van IAPs binnegedringde ekosisteme op 'n trajek van restorasie plaas. Daar was ook verskille in terme van landskapsposisies; droë bank sones van die binnegedringde terreine het hoër tempos gehad, vergeleke met die nat bank en die hoogland areas. Ons resultate dui verder aan dat wortels, eerder as mikrobiologiese respirasie, die mees belangrike komponente van Rs koerse uitmaak. Toe ons grond minus wortels inkubeer, is min verskille opgemerk, as gekyk word na die resultate deur indringer status of landskapsposisie, wat toon dit dat inherente grondveskille in terme van mikrobiologiese respirasie nie verskillend is nie. Ons het verder ook 'n sloot-benadering gebruik om verdere ondersoek hierop in te stel, en alhoewel ons bevind dat Rs aansienlik afgeneem het, dui neigings later aan dat afbraak van fyn en growwe wortels die afname in gehele Rs as gevolg van wortel respirasie waarskynlik verdoesel. Ons resultate dui daarop dat opruiming van binngedringde oewers klaarblyklik sal lei tot suksesvolle restorasie van grondfunksionering in terme van C siklisering. Opruiming van Acacia- binnegedringde oewer ekotone sal vermoedelik lei tot 'n afname in worteldigtheid, en wat 'n belangrike komponent van die gehele Rs kan verwyder. Hierdie resultate maak die ondersoek van die C balans van binngedringde oewer ekotone en terrestriële areas krities, om sodoende hulle bydrae tot streeksgewyse C siklusse te asseseer.

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Millner, Helen Jean. "Reproductive biology and ex situ conservation of the genus Restrepia (Orchidaeae)." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/311706.

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The genus Restrepia is well known to orchid enthusiasts but its micromorphology has not been described, and its pollination and breeding systems have not been investigated. The aim of this investigation was, therefore, to add to existing knowledge so that the resultant data could be used to facilitate ex situ conservation initiatives. A detailed electron microscopy study (SEM) of the floral organs was performed. This confirmed the structure of the dorsal sepal and lateral petal osmophores, their secretory nature together with that of the synsepal and the labellum. It was postulated how, by manipulating different labellar surface textures, the flower might use these ‘tactile guides’ to steer the insect (fly) through the flower. The cirrhi were postulated to help by destabilising the pollinator in flight, trapping it and bringing about pollination. The papillate structure of the calli was established and their optical properties investigated. Media comparison investigations established that Western medium supported the highest germination rates and, with the addition of banana supplement, the highest rates for seedling growth and development. This represented the first protocol for axenic germination of Restrepia in the literature (Millner et al., 2008) and provided a tested methodology for investigating breeding systems and producing Restrepia plant material for both scientific and horticultural purposes. Self-pollinations were found to produce fewer embryos compared to cross-pollinations. The operation of self-incompatibility (SI) was confirmed by the study of pollen tube growth which further confirmed the time interval between pollination and fertilisation. A time line from pollination/fertilisation to flowering was established. The type of SI in operation was best explained by gametophytic incompatibility. This demonstrated that it was possible to raise Restrepia hybrids and species from seed, by performing intraspecific crosses so helping to preserve them for posterity and relieve pressure on wild populations. Narrow endemic Restrepia species face combined threats from habitat loss, habitat degradation and problems of viable seed production due to the effects of SI and inbreeding depression (ID). Recently developed online resources, such as GeoCAT, were used to perform a Red List assessment in order to identify the degree of threat individual species faced, both globally and nationally. All species were classified as facing substantial levels of threat; although this was lessened for populations in protected habitats. Conservation is needed for cultivated collections as well as these wild populations by keeping alive existing knowledge and expertise in growing these species.

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Philpott, Megan. "The Genetic Consequences of ex situ Conservation of Exceptional Plant Species." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535467395352645.

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Ogilvy, Victoria. "The influence of carotenoids on fitness related traits in anurans : implications for ex situ conservation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-influence-of-carotenoids-on-fitness-related-traits-in-anurans-implications-for-ex-situ-conservation(f1f58dbc-77ba-4a34-9378-886a215191a0).html.

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Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis, and in many cases it has become necessary to conserve species in captivity. Unfortunately, our understanding of the nutritional requirements of amphibians in captivity is currently limited. There have been anecdotal reports that captive bred amphibians have duller skin colouration than wild members of the same species. Many amphibians use carotenoid pigments in skin colouration. Carotenoids are yellow-red pigments synthesised by photosynthetic tissues, however vertebrates cannot synthesise them de novo and rely entirely on dietary sources. Reduced colour in captive bred amphibians could therefore result from limited carotenoid availability in the diet. Limited access to carotenoids could have further negative consequences on health and reproductive success since carotenoids are known to function in the immune, antioxidant and reproductive systems of other vertebrate taxa. The role of carotenoids in amphibian fitness is currently unknown, and the aim of this PhD was to assess the importance of carotenoids to anuran amphibians. Skin colour may be influenced by carotenoid availability, and it was therefore important to establish a suitable method for quantifying skin colour in amphibians. In Chapter 1 I assessed two methods for colour quantification, including digital photography and spectrometry. Neither method was significantly more accurate than the other, however I chose to use photography for my studies for reasons of practicality. In Chapters 2 and 3 I assessed the role of carotenoids in the reproductive systems of wild frogs. I found that carotenoid-based skin colouration was involved in the breeding behaviour of wild Agalychnis moreletii frogs. I found positive assortative mating by colour in that frogs were found mating with individuals with similar carotenoid-based colouration. This assortative mating by colour may be driven by mutual mate choice, or may have evolved to prevent mismatched pairing with a sympatric and phenotypically similar species (A. callidryas). I then analysed the carotenoid composition of eggs produced by wild A. moreletii and Phyllomedusa trinitatis, which are tree frogs with similar reproductive ecology but different egg deposition strategies: Agalychnis moreletii deposits green eggs on the surface of leaves while P. trinitatis wraps pale cream eggs in leaves. The concentration and diversity of carotenoids was significantly higher in A. moreletii than P. trinitatis and potential ecological explanations for this are discussed. In Chapter 4 I investigated carotenoid availability in the diet of captive amphibians by analysing the carotenoid composition of commonly used feeder-invertebrates. I assessed interspecific variation in carotenoid accumulation in three feeder-cricket species (Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllodes sigillatus and Acheta domesticus), which were all fed one of three diets (wheat-bran, fish-food based diet, fresh fruit and vegetables). All three cricket species were a poor source of carotenoids unless they were gut-loaded on a carotenoid-rich diet. Nutrient retention over a two-day period was poor across species. Finally, there were significant interspecific differences in gut-loading capacity, with G. bimaculatus having the greatest capacity. This study shows that carotenoid availability to captive amphibians will be limited unless they are fed specific feeder invertebrate species, recently gut-loaded on carotenoid-rich foods. In Chapters 5, 6 and 7 I assessed the influence of carotenoids on fitness related traits in captive anurans. I firstly assessed colour degradation in captive-reared A. moreletii frogs and looked at whether skin colour could be improved through increased carotenoid availability in the diet. I found that carotenoid-based skin colour degraded quickly in captivity but could be improved through dietary supplementation with carotenoids, however there was a critical period during post-metamorphic growth for deposition of carotenoids in the skin. Next, I investigated the effect of carotenoids on larval growth and development, and post-metamorphic growth, development, skin colour and reproductive success in captive A. callidryas frogs. I found no direct effect of carotenoids during larval stages, however there were carry-over effects on post-metamorphic growth and skin colour. Increased post-metamorphic carotenoid availability positively influenced growth, skin colour and reproductive success. Similarly to A. moreletii, there was a critical period during post-metamorphic growth for deposition of carotenoids in the skin. Finally, I examined the protective potential of carotenoids in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis tadpoles that were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. Exposure to UV light significantly reduced tadpole survival and there was no evidence that carotenoids afforded any protection. Nevertheless, in tadpoles that were not exposed to enhanced UV light, carotenoids increased survival. Furthermore, carotenoids had a significantly positive effect on the developmental rate of tadpoles in both UV limited and UV enhanced environments. The studies in this PhD show that carotenoid availability has important consequences on fitness related traits in anuran amphibians, which include effects on growth, skin colour, reproductive success and survival. Carotenoid availability to captive amphibians will, however, be low unless they are provided with feeder invertebrates that have been recently gut-loaded on carotenoid-rich foods. These findings should be considered when recommendations are made on the nutritional requirements of amphibians in captivity as they could significantly improve the fitness of captive-bred individuals, and thus increase the success of ex situ conservation programmes.

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Rodrigues, Eduardo Borges. "Variabilidade genética populacional em variedades botânicas de Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae): estratégias para conservação no cerrado." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7321.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Due to constant degradation, populations of plants in the Cerrado may be losing genetic variability, thereby them to stay in their natural habitat may be compromised. Aiming to generate useful genetic information for the implementation of conservation programs in situ and ex situ to Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira), this study aimed to evaluate the genetic structure of populations in H. speciosa occurring in the Cerrado, contributing to the knowledge genetic and spatial patterns related to geographic distribution and genetic differentiation between botanical varieties. In the first chapter it evaluated the magnitude of genetic diversity levels four botanical varieties of the species, and also the genetic divergence between them. As a result, it was observed that there is a high genetic diversity (He = 0.636), the assessed loci. The average values of genetic diversity observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient intrapopulation and allelic richness were not significant, showing that there is no difference of these genetic parameters compared the botanical varieties of H. speciosa. And despite the variation between varieties to be significant (FCT = 0.027; p = 0.017) greater differentiation is between populations within varieties (FSC = 0.104; p <0.001) and in independent populations of varieties (FST = 0.131; p <0.001). The variety H. speciosa var. speciosa presents with the botanical variety genetically most divergent, then the variety H. speciosa var. cuyabensis. Phenotypic plasticity may be contributing to differentiate between botanical varieties. In the second chapter, the genetic variability within and among populations of H. speciosa throughout the Brazilian Cerrado was evaluated and, if there is spatial pattern of genetic variability on a regional scale, along the geographical distribution of the species. As a result, it was observed that populations have high genetic variability and significant inbreeding (f = 0.103) due crosses between unrelated individuals. The genetic differentiation between populations was moderate to high, but significant (θ = 0.126; RST = 0.253). The differentiation of populations occurred as a result of isolation by distance. Populations with distance up to 280m were more similar than expected by chance. There were significant signs of genetic bottleneck for some natural populations of mangabeira. In the third chapter, it was shown as conservation planning procedures can be used to establish optimal strategies of conservation in situ and ex situ of a single species, using H. speciosa, a species widely distributed in the Brazilian Cerrado, as a case study. Nine populations were selected as priorities for conservation in situ and another seven were considered ideals in addition to the genetic variability of the germplasm collection of the Universidade Federal de Goiás.
Devido à constante degradação, as populações de plantas no Cerrado podem estar perdendo variabilidade genética, com isso, a permanência delas em seu habitat natural pode ser comprometida. Visando gerar informações genéticas úteis para a implantação de programas de conservação in situ e ex situ para Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira), este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar a estrutura genética nas populações de H. speciosa com ocorrência no Cerrado, contribuindo para o conhecimento dos padrões genéticos e espaciais relacionados à distribuição geográfica e diferenciação genética entre as variedades botânicas. No primeiro capítulo foi avaliada a magnitude dos níveis de diversidade genética de quatro variedades botânicas da espécie, e ainda, a divergência genética entre elas. Como resultado, foi observado que existe elevada variabilidade genética (He = 0,636), nos locos avaliados. Os valores médios de diversidade genética, heterozigosidade observada, coeficiente de endogamia intrapopulacional e riqueza alélica não foram significativos, demonstrando que não há diferença desses parâmetros genéticos quando comparadas as variedades botânicas de H. speciosa. E apesar da variação entre variedades ser significativa (FCT = 0,027; p = 0,017) a maior diferenciação está entre populações dentro de variedades (FSC = 0,104; p < 0,001) e em populações independentes das variedades (FST = 0,131; p < 0,001). A variedade H. speciosa var. speciosa se apresenta com a variedade botânica geneticamente mais divergente, seguida da variedade H. speciosa var. cuyabensis. A plasticidade fenotípica pode estar contribuindo para diferenciação entre as variedades botânicas. No segundo capítulo, foi avaliada a variabilidade genética dentro e entre populações de H. speciosa em todo Cerrado brasileiro, bem como, se existe padrão espacial da variabilidade genética em uma escala regional, ao longo da área de distribuição geográfica da espécie. Como resultado, foi observado que as populações possuem alta variabilidade genética e endogamia significativa (f = 0,103), devido os cruzamentos entre indivíduos aparentados. A diferenciação genética entre as populações foi de moderada a alta, porém significativa (θ = 0,126; RST = 0,253). A diferenciação das populações ocorreu em decorrência do isolamento por distância. As populações com distância de até 280m foram mais semelhantes que o esperado ao acaso. Houve sinais significativos de gargalo genético para algumas populações naturais de mangabeira. No terceiro capítulo, foi demonstrado como procedimentos de planejamento de conservação podem ser utilizados para estabelecer estratégias ótimas de conservação in situ e ex situ de uma única espécie, utilizando H. speciosa, uma espécie amplamente distribuída no Cerrado brasileiro, como um estudo de caso. Nove populações foram selecionadas como prioritárias para conservação in situ e outras sete foram consideradas ideais para complementar a variabilidade genética da coleção de germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Goiás.

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Carreira, Salomé Freire. "Programa de conservação ex situ de Lynx pardinus -Temminck, 1827 : avaliação da eficácia do protocolo de medicina preventiva no controlo da carga parasitária no lince ibérico e sua presa Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) no Centro Nacional de Reprodução do Lince Ibérico, em Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15310.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
O lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus) é um felino de porte médio endémico da Península Ibérica, classificado como “criticamente em perigo” em Portugal. A nível nacional, a conservação ex situ acontece no Centro Nacional de Reprodução do Lince Ibérico (CNRLI), no sul de Portugal (Silves). Este estudo teve como principal objetivo a avaliação do protocolo de desparasitação incluído nas medidas preventivas do CNRLI. O protocolo de desparasitação foi avaliado pela colheita de 308 amostras de fezes, 11 amostras de sangue e 13 amostras de pelo de linces e pela colheita de 108 amostras fecais do coelho europeu (Oryctolagus cuniculus). O coelho europeu é a principal fonte de alimentação deste felino tendo por isso potencial para lhe transmitir agentes parasitários, nomeadamente parasitas gastrointestinais. Todas as amostras foram colhidas e analisadas no CNRLI, segundo técnicas coprológicas de sedimentação e flutuação, esfregaços sanguíneos e tricogramas, com um total de 440 amostras durante o período de outubro de 2016 a abril de 2017. Os resultados revelaram uma limitada fauna parasitária nos exemplares do Centro assim como na sua principal presa, tendo sido observados dois oocistos do género Eimeira correspondentes a pseudoparasitismo no lince ibérico, na técnica coprológica de sedimentação simples. Estes resultados permitiram-nos assumir a quase inexistência de elementos parasitários, comprovado pelas prevalências de infeção nulas ou muito reduzidas. A prevalência de parasitismo para Eimeria sp. foi de 0.65% e de hemoparasitas e ectoparasitas de 0%. As amostras dos coelhos não revelaram elementos parasitários apresentando por isso uma prevalência de 0% . Concluímos que as medidas de desparasitação estão adequadas ao Centro e que as regras de profilaxia contribuíram para a prevenção de doenças parasitárias no lince ibérico e no coelho europeu como sua presa principal.
ABSTRACT - Ex situ conservation program of Lynx pardinus (Temminck, 1827): evaluation of efficacy of the preventive medicine protocol in the control of the parasite load in the Iberian lynx and its prey Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the national breeding centre of the Iberian lynx, in Portugal. - The Iberian lynx is a medium sized endemic feline from the Iberian Peninsula, considered as “critically endangered” in Portugal. At national level, ex situ conservation is performed in the Iberian Lynx National Breeding Centre (CNRLI), in the south of Portugal (Silves). This study aimed to the evaluation of the deworming protocol applied as a preventive measure at CNRLI. Deworming protocol was evaluated after a collection of 308 faecal samples, 11 blood samples and 13 fur samples from Lynx pardinus and a collection of 108 European rabbit’s (Oryctolagus cuniculus) faecal samples. Oryctolagus cuniculus is this feline’s main source of food, having the potential to transmit parasitic agents, particularly gastrointestinal parasites. All the samples were collected and analysed at the CNRLI, according to coprological techniques (faecal sedimentation and faecal flotation), blood smears and fur analysis with a total of 440 samples between october 2016 and april 2017. Results showed a limited parasitic fauna in the centre felines, as in their main prey, since only two results were obtained from Lynx pardinus coprological diagnosis (faecal sedimentation), showing the presence of Eimeria sp. oocysts wich represents an example of pseudoparasitism in Iberian lynx. These results let us assume almost the non-existence of parasitic elements, proved by nil or very residual infections. The prevalence for Eimeria sp. was 0,65%, for hemoparasites and for ectoparasites was 0% . The samples from rabbits did not show any parasitic elements therefore the prevalence displayed was 0%. We concluded that the Centre deworming and ectoparasite control measures are appropriate and that implemented prophylaxis rules contribute to the parasitic diseases prevention in Iberian lynx and European rabbit as its main prey.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Favoretto, Gabriela Rodrigues. "Comportamento de arara-azul-de-lear (Anodorhynchus leari, Bonaparte, 1856) em cativeiro e a influência da técnica flocking na interação de pares." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8079.

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Outra
The Lear's Macaw (Anodorhyncus leari) is an endemic parrot of northeastern Bahia state, classified as endangered mainly due to the destruction of their habitats and wildlife trade. It was recently discovered in the wild, and few studies are known for this species. Understanding behavioral patterns of species threatened by extinction is essential for developing effective conservation strategies. Here we describe the behavioral repertoire of a group of this species maintained by the São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation. We carried out observations between October 2014 and February 2015, totaling 348 hours of sampling effort through ad libitum continuous record, in two different environmental conditions, both in in pairs and in flock. We described 60 behavioral states, grouped in categories maintenance, locomotion, feeding, social, stereotyped, reproductive and alert. We also found five patterns of vocalization (alarm, contact, cohesion, reproduction and imitation). Most of the behaviors described for other species is also reported here to A. leari, more similar to A. hyacinthinus. We discuss the differences in order to contribute to the formulation of a behavioral profile for this species, and with information that may assist in maintaining normal behavior in captivity.
A arara-azul-de-lear (Anodorhyncus leari) é um psitacídeo endêmico da caatinga do nordeste do estado da Bahia, classificada como em perigo de extinção em decorrência principalmente da destruição do seu habitat e do tráfico de animais silvestres. Foi descoberta na natureza a relativamente pouco tempo, sendo escassos estudos sobre a espécie. A compreensão de padrões comportamentais de espécies ameaçadas é fundamental para a elaboração de estratégias conservacionistas eficientes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o levantamento do repertório comportamental de um grupo de indivíduos da espécie mantidos pela Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. As observações ocorreram entre outubro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2016, totalizando 348 horas de esforço amostral através de amostragem ad libitum de registro contínuo com caráter qualitativo em duas condições ambientais distintas, tanto na manutenção dos indivíduos em pares quanto em bando, resultando na descrição de 60 condutas comportamentais dentro das categorias manutenção, locomoção, alimentação, social, estereotipado, reprodutivo e alerta, além de cinco padrões de vocalização (alarme, contato, coesão, reprodução e imitação). A maioria dos comportamentos descritos para outras espécies é relatada para A. leari, com maior semelhança com A. hyacinthinus. Porém as diferenças são discutidas com o objetivo de contribuir com a formulação de um perfil comportamental para a espécie e com informações que possam auxiliar na manutenção de comportamentos naturais em cativeiro.

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Fenzi, Marianna. "« Provincialiser » la Révolution Verte : savoirs, politiques et pratiques de la conservation de la biodiversité cultivée (1943-2015)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0143.

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Le problème de l’accès aux ressources génétiques des plantes pour la sélection variétale est au cœur de la Révolution Verte. A partir des années 1960, les sélectionneurs font de la disparition des variétés locales sous l’effet de la diffusion de nouvelles variétés génétiquement homogènes un problème public à l’échelle mondiale. Dans une perspective qui croise la recherche d’archives et l’enquête de terrain, cette thèse revient sur la formation de ce problème, sur sa trajectoire historique et ses enjeux actuels. Il s’agit d’analyser l’hétérogénéité des savoirs scientifiques et des approches qui sont développés sur le thème de la conservation des ressources génétiques dans les arènes internationales. L’étude des débats et des initiatives menés dans le cadre de la FAO permet de comprendre quels sont les savoirs légitimés, lesquels sont marginalisés et comment la nature et les contours du problème ont été négociés. La place que les ressources génétiques occupent au cours d’épisodes clés de la Révolution Verte est également au cœur de ce travail. Cette thèse analyse spécifiquement l’importance accordée aux variétés locales de maïs dans le programme agricole que la Fondation Rockefeller met en place au Mexique à partir de 1943. Alors que le maïs hybride est généralement présenté comme un vecteur de la modernisation agricole, cette thèse montre que les experts sont confrontés à l’échec du paradigme d’amélioration variétale qu’ils étaient censés exporter. Face à une innovation uniquement applicable à une échelle très limitée, les semences paysannes du maïs restent l’option variétale la plus utilisée au Mexique. Ce travail montre que ce sont bien les choix pragmatiques des agriculteurs qui constituent le fondement de la conservation, de facto, des ressources génétiques du maïs dans ce pays
The issue of access to plant genetic resources for plant breeding is at the heart of the Green Revolution. Beginning in the 1960s, the disappearance of local varieties with the spread of new genetically homogeneous varieties evolved into a public problem on a global scale. Combining archival research and field investigations, this thesis explores the emergence of this problem, its historical trajectory, and its current forms. I analyze the heterogeneity of scientific knowledge and approaches to the conservation of genetic resources developed in international arenas. An exploration of debates and initiatives within the framework of the FAO sheds light on the issues of which knowledges are legitimated and which marginalized, and on how the nature and outlines of the problem have been negotiated. An examination of the role of genetic resources in key episodes in the Green Revolution is also central to the study. The thesis specifically analyzes the importance attributed to local maize varieties in the agricultural program that the Rockefeller Foundation implemented in Mexico beginning in 1943. While hybrid maize is generally presented as a vector of agricultural modernization, this thesis shows how experts were faced with the failure of the varietal improvement paradigm that they were supposed to export. As hybrid maize is an innovation that is only applicable on a very limited scale, farmers’ maize seeds still are the most widely used varietal option in Mexico. The study shows that it is indeed the pragmatic choices of farmers that form the basis for the de facto conservation of the country’s maize genetic resources

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Griffiths, Alistair James Kenneth. "The ex-situ conservation of endemic Seychelles plant species : Impatiens gordonii Horne ex Baker as a case study." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494979.

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The role of ex-situ conservation in the species recovery plan for Impatiens gordonii was evaluated. Phylogenetic analyses including seven new sequences and published data for I. gordonii and its congeners showed the East African species I. usambarensis is sister to I. gordonii, with I. waileriana sister to that species pair. Nine herbarium samples and 18 live plants of /. usambarensis, I. waileriana, I. gordonii and I. thomassetii were scoored for 21 morphometric characters.

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Luz, Kelly Cristina da [UNESP]. "Variação genética entre e dentro de populações de dipteryx alata vog. para caracteres morformétricos de plântulas, frutos e sementes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144582.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Dipteryx alata é considerada uma espécie endêmica do Cerrado brasileiro. Atualmente a espécie necessita de atenção pelo aumento da fragmentação da área de ocorrência. Destaca-se por apresentar madeira resistente e pela a alta produção de frutos. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos a partir dos caracteres morfométricos dos frutos, sementes e plântulas, de modo a fornecer informações da variabilidade genética existente dentro e entre as procedências da espécie para futuros programas de melhoramento genético e para a conservação. Os frutos foram coletados em três populações naturais, Campo Grande - MS, Ituiutaba - MG e Paulo de Faria – SP, em outubro de 2014. As mudas foram preparadas no viveiro da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE/UNESP). Para as análises morfométricas dos frutos e sementes, foram mensurados a largura (mm), espessura (mm), comprimento (mm) e massa (g). Nas plântulas foram avaliadas a altura total (cm) e o diâmetro do coleto (mm). Foi utilizado o delineamento blocos completos (DBC) com uma planta por parcela. Observou-se diferenças significativas entre procedências e progênies para os caracteres dos frutos, sementes e plântulas, indicando a presença de variação genética. Os resultados da herdabilidade média, coeficiente de variação individual e acurácia, indicaram que para os frutos, sementes e plântulas há presença de variabilidade genética. Na análise em conjunto das plântulas pode-se verificar que houve diferenças significativas para o efeito de procedência e não significativa para o efeito de progênie. Resultados indicam que esses materiais podem ser utilizados para a conservação genética da espécie e para o melhoramento genético.
Dipteryx alata is considered endemic species of the Brazilian Cerrado. Currently the species needs attention by the increased fragmentation of the occurrence area. It stands out for presenting resistant wood and the high production of fruits. The aim of the study was to estimate genetic parameters from the morphometric fruits, seeds and seedlings, to provide information of genetic variability within and between species provenances for future breeding programs and conservation. The fruits were collected in three natural populations, as Campo Grande - MS, Ituiutaba - MG and Paulo de Faria - SP, in October 2014. The seedlings were prepared in the nursery Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE/UNESP). For morphometric analysis of fruits and seeds were measured (mm) thickness (mm) Length (mm) Mass (g). In the seedlings were evaluated the total height (cm) Stem diameter (mm). We used the design complete block design (RBD) with one plant per plot. There were statistically significant differences among provenances and progenies for the characters of fruits, seeds and seedlings, indicating the presence of genetic variation. The results of the average heritability coefficient of individual variation and accuracy, indicated that for the fruits, seeds and seedlings there is presence of genetic variability. In the analysis of all the seedlings can be seen that there were significant differences in the effect of origin and not significant for the effect of progeny. Results indicate that these materials may be used for genetic conservation of species and genetic improvement.

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Luz, Kelly Cristina da. "Variação genética entre e dentro de populações de dipteryx alata vog. para caracteres morformétricos de plântulas, frutos e sementes /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144582.

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Orientador: Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas
Resumo: Dipteryx alata is considered endemic species of the Brazilian Cerrado. Currently the species needs attention by the increased fragmentation of the occurrence area. It stands out for presenting resistant wood and the high production of fruits. The aim of the study was to estimate genetic parameters from the morphometric fruits, seeds and seedlings, to provide information of genetic variability within and between species provenances for future breeding programs and conservation. The fruits were collected in three natural populations, as Campo Grande - MS, Ituiutaba - MG and Paulo de Faria - SP, in October 2014. The seedlings were prepared in the nursery Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE/UNESP). For morphometric analysis of fruits and seeds were measured (mm) thickness (mm) Length (mm) Mass (g). In the seedlings were evaluated the total height (cm) Stem diameter (mm). We used the design complete block design (RBD) with one plant per plot. There were statistically significant differences among provenances and progenies for the characters of fruits, seeds and seedlings, indicating the presence of genetic variation. The results of the average heritability coefficient of individual variation and accuracy, indicated that for the fruits, seeds and seedlings there is presence of genetic variability. In the analysis of all the seedlings can be seen that there were significant differences in the effect of origin and not significant for the effect of progeny. Results indicate t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre

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Juan, Vicedo Jorge. "In vitro propagation and ex situ conservation of the Western-Mediterranean endemic species Lapiedra martinezii Lag. (Amaryllidaceae)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/70217.

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Silva, Carla Antónia Mendes. "Optimização dos testes de germinação para monitorização das colecções de plantas autóctones conservadas em bancos de sementes." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5364.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
With the aim to contribute to the optimization of germination tests to monitor the seed collections of native plants conserved in seed banks, germination percentage, germination rate (T50) and lenght of the germination period (T10-90) were evaluated in 16 species studied on four temperatures 15°C, 20°C, 25ºC and 15º/25 ºC. The species were subject to pre-germination treatments to break dormancy: cold stratification (30 days) at 4°C in Scrophulariaceae and Umbelliferae, mechanical scarification in Malvaceae, and Fabaceae, and thermal scarification (115ºC, 10 min.) in Cistaceae. Seeds were incubated in a photoperiod of 8 hours light/16 hours dark. According to results, the species germinated better for the following pretreatements and temperatures: in Cistaceae (thermal scarification): Tuberaria lignosa at 20°C and Halimium lasianthum to 15º/25ºC; in the Fabaceae (mechanical scarification): Adenocarpus complicatus at 15°C and 20°C, Cytisus villosus at 15°C and Vicia sativa subsp.nigra at 20°C; in Malvaceae (mechanical scarification): Alcea rosea at 20°C, Lavatera arborea and Lavatera cretica at 15°C. Pretreatements did not promote the germination of species of the families Scrophulariaceae and Umbelliferae.

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Castro, Rodrigo Soares de. "Variação genética quantitativa e estrutura populacional de Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne) no cerrado." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6573.

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This study aimed to analyze the quantitative genetic variation within and between natural subpopulations of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne), fruit tree from the Cerrado region. Six mother trees were sampled in each of the 25 subpopulations from the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Bahia, covering a large area of the Cerrado biome. In each tree they were collected twenty fruits, which served for evaluation of biometric data of fruits and seeds. Twenty seeds of each mother tree were sown in a nursery, with five seeds per plot in four randomized blocks, constituting a test of provenances and progenies of half sibs. Analysis of variance were performed using the hierarchical model for the characters of initial development. With the produced seedlings it was planted a germplasm collection in vivo in Escola de Agronomia of Universidade Federal de Goias.The major phenotypic variation coefficients in fruits and seeds were found in the characters number of seed (47,87%) weight of the pulp (47.74%) and fruit weight (44.06%). The analysis of variance of the physical characteristics of the fruits and seeds revealed the existence of significant variation for all characters in all levels analyzed: among subpopulations, between mother trees within subpopulations and between fruit within mother tree. Of the ten characters analyzed in six the greatest variation was found between fruit within mother tree. Significant variability was found between subpopulations and between progenies within subpopulations for most quantitative traits studied, showing a great genetic variability of the sampled material, which is important for sustainability of the species and future breeding program. The heritability estimates of traits were also high, indicating success in the selection of desirable traits in a breeding program for the species. The comparative analysis between the estimated value of the QST and FST index showed no significant difference for eight of ten characters analyzed, demonstrating that there is no evidence of the action of natural selection in the differentiation between the studied subpopulations and that the differentiation found can be explained by the action of genetic drift combined with gene flow restriction between subpopulations. The value of correlation coefficient between phenotypic and geographical matrix was 0.164 (p <0.05) by Mantel test, indicating a weak correlation between the phenotypic subpopulations means and the distances between them.
O trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a variação genética quantitativa entre e dentro de subpopulações naturais de Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. ex Hayne), árvore frutífera da região do Cerrado conhecida como jatobá, jatobá do cerrado ou jatobá do campo. Foram amostradas seis árvores matrizes em cada uma das 25 subpopulações distribuídas pelos estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerias e Bahia, abrangendo uma grande área do bioma Cerrado. Em cada árvore foram coletados vinte frutos, que serviram para avaliação dos dados biométricos de frutos e sementes. Vinte sementes de cada matriz foram semeadas em uma área telada, sendo cinco sementes por parcela em quatro blocos ao acaso, constituindo um teste de progênies de meio irmãos hierarquizado. Foram feitas análises de variância e seus componentes pelo modelo hierárquico para os caracteres de desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas. Com as mudas produzidas foi plantado um banco de germoplasma in vivo na Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Os maiores coeficientes de variação fenotípica dos frutos e sementes foram encontrados nos caracteres número de sementes (47,87%), peso da polpa (47,74%) e peso do fruto (44,06%). A análise de variância dos caracteres físicos dos frutos e sementes revelou a existência de variação significativa para todos os caracteres em todos os níveis hierárquicos analisados: entre subpopulações, entre matrizes dentro de subpopulações e entre frutos dentro de matrizes. Dos dez caracteres analisados, em seis a maior variação foi encontrada entre frutos dentro de matrizes. Foram constatadas variabilidades significativas entre subpopulações e entre progênies dentro das subpopulações para a maioria dos caracteres quantitativos de desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas estudadas. Tal resultado denota variabilidade genética do material amostrado, que é importante para a preservação da espécie e também para um futuro programa de melhoramento visando o seu aproveitamento econômico. As estimativas de herdabilidade encontradas nos caracteres estudados também foram altas e adequadas para o sucesso na seleção de caracteres desejáveis em um programa de melhoramento para a espécie. A análise comparativa entre os valores estimados dos índices QST e FST não diferiram significativamente em oito dos dez caracteres analisados, demonstrando que não existe forte evidência da ação da seleção natural na diferenciação entre as subpopulações estudadas e que a diferenciação encontrada pode ser explicada pela ação da deriva genética combinado com a restrição de fluxo gênico entre as subpopulações. O valor encontrado no teste de mantel feito entre as matrizes fenotípica e geográfica foi de 0,164 (p<0,05), denotando uma fraca correlação entre os dados fenotípicos das subpopulações avaliadas e as distâncias entre elas. Pelo correlograma de mantel verificou-se que a correlação entre as matrizes embora fraca, ela diminui constantemente através das classes de distância, chegando a zero por volta dos 500 km. Tal diminuição constante da influência da distância na diferença fenotípica entre as subpopulações caracteriza um padrão clinal.

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Kyle, Rebecca Kate. "Assessing the vulnerabilities of early life stages of Margaritifera margaritifera with respect to ex-situ conservation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707807.

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Freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) population declines in Northern Ireland led to an ex situ breeding programme being established on the Ballinderry River in 1998 by the Ballinderry Rivers Trust. If the causes of the initial threats or declines have been remedied it is recommended that captive- bred individuals are returned to their natural habitat to help avoid domestication by not retaining them in captivity for extended periods. Mussel silos (upwelling mussel housing system) were found to be a useful intermediate release method with a mean survival rate of 81%. Differences of survival between various size classes led to the recommendation that mussels should be maintained in the hatchery environment until they are approximately 10 mm to maximise potential survival. M. margaritifera populations in Northern Ireland are regarded as overaged and reproductively nonfunctional. Therefore, to delay their extinction, artificial mussel populations were assembled using translocated wild adults and captive bred juveniles which would have the potential to become selfrecruiting. Recovery by observers and survival varied strongly across sites with the majority of mussels moving from their initial release site during the course of the study. Broodstock for captive breeding has been maintained in the Ballinderry Fish Hatchery since 1998. Despite rotation of the broodstock in 2010 in an attempt to maintain genetic diversity in captive bred juveniles significant levels of inbreeding remain. Individuals recently discovered in the Ballinderry catchment showed distinct differences in allele frequencies from the current hatchery broodstock. It is recommended that such individuals should be used for broodstock rotation to genetic diversity in future generations. Juvenile bivalves often use pedal feeding until the ctenidia are fully developed. Serial sections of juvenile mussels suggest that mussels 4 mm long are in transition from pedal to filter feeding because, although a ventral food groove is present, the outer demibranch of the ctenidium is only beginning to form and there are no labial palps. Mussels 8 mm long have all the features found in adult mussels, including palps suggesting they are predominantly filter feeders at this stage.

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Pournou, Anastasia. "In situ protection and conservation of the Zakynthos wreck." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299067.

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Jule, Kristen. "Effects of captivity and implications for ex-situ conservation : with special reference to red panda (Ailurus fulgens)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/65554.

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This PhD thesis aims to improve the ex situ conservation of threatened and endangered species by investigating the effects of captivity and improving the methodology of current conservation techniques. The use of reintroduction as a tool for the purpose of conserving species is becoming increasingly popular. Since many wild populations are declining, captive-bred stock are frequently used to restore or supplement wild populations. Evidence suggests that captive-bred animals are less successful than their wild counterparts, but this has not been recently reviewed and there is limited research into investigating what aspects of captivity may be affecting success. Here, I conduct a review of carnivore reintroductions for projects carried out post 1990, which shows that captive-born animals are less likely to survive a release into the wild than their translocated wild-caught counterparts. A case study species, the endangered red panda (Ailurus fulgens), is used to investigate how a species involved in captive breeding for conservation responds to life in captivity. Results from analyses of lifetime reproductive success (and related variables) showed that both adaptation to captivity and inbreeding depression are occurring in the global captive red panda population. An investigation into behavioural adaptation to captivity was less revealing, although only generations three to seven from the wild were observed. The effects of captive environment and husbandry regime were also investigated and revealed that the size of the useable area and amount of human contact were among the factors influencing the behaviours of red pandas. How these findings contribute to a greater understanding of effects of captivity is discussed. The use of selection criteria based on temperament was also investigated in order to improve the likelihood of survivorship upon release into the wild. This method needs to be tested in practice, but based on the selection criteria used, there was evidence that unsuitability for release was positively predicted by generation time in captivity. Implications for the future use of captive red pandas in efforts to conserve the species in the wild are discussed, as well as how these findings can be utilised for other species involved in conservation efforts.

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Machado, Celso Machado. "Manejo e conservação genética In Situ, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart. no pontal do Paranapanema." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137948.

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Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira De Moraes Moraes
Resumo: Com o advento do PNPB (Programa Nacional de Produção de Biodiesel), novas alternativas de produção de biodiesel são de suma importância para a sustentabilidade do programa. A macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) é uma palmeira nativa das florestas tropicais e uma das espécies mais difundidas pelo cerrado brasileiro e outros biomas que o circundam. Por muito tempo, o olhar sobre a palmeira macaúba foi tido como planta problemática e invasora, devido principalmente à presença dos espinhos pontiagudos e finos que provocam lesões. Esta planta despertou o interesse de vários setores, pelo seu alto potencial de produtividade, teor de óleo, rusticidade e a utilidade de seus vários produtos nos mais diversos setores industriais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as características ecológicas, serviços ambientais, fenológicas, silviculturais, genéticas de uma população base de macaúba para formar uma coleção de trabalho, com alta produtividade de sementes e porcentagem de óleo. Para tanto, foi avaliada uma população de A. aculeata, localizada no antigo canteiro de obras da UHE. Eng. Sergio Motta em Rosana, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos que contribuam para seleção de genótipos superiores para a propagação e plantação em larga escala e definição de ideótipos genético-agronômicos de macaúba. Os resultados demonstram que a população de macaúba estudada tem uma ampla variabilidade genética, refletindo diretamente na produtividade de frutos, dem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: With the advent of PNPB (National Program for Biodiesel Production), new biodiesel production alternatives are critical to the program's sustainability. The macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a native palm of rainforests and one of the most widespread species by the Brazilian savanna and other biomes surrounding it. For a long time, look at the palm macaúba was seen as problematic and invasive plant, particularly due to the presence of sharp, thin spikes that cause injuries. This plant has sparked interest from various sectors, for its high yield potential, oil content, hardiness and usefulness of its various products in various industrial sectors. The objective of this study is to understand the ecological characteristics, phenological, forestry and select matrices of a macaúba base population to form a collection of work with high seed yield and oil percentage. To that end, it evaluated one population of A. aculeata, located in the former site of the hydroelectric works. Eng. Sergio Motta Rosana in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For estimates of genetic parameters that contribute to select genotypes for propagation and planting on a large scale and definition of genetic agronomic ideotypes of macaúba. The results show that the population of macaúba studied has a wide genetic variability, reflecting directly on the fruit yield, also demonstrating the potential use of existing materials in breeding programs and genetic conservation, as well as being a pioneer anthropic kind of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Machado, Celso Machado [UNESP]. "Manejo e conservação genética In Situ, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart. no pontal do Paranapanema." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137948.

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Com o advento do PNPB (Programa Nacional de Produção de Biodiesel), novas alternativas de produção de biodiesel são de suma importância para a sustentabilidade do programa. A macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) é uma palmeira nativa das florestas tropicais e uma das espécies mais difundidas pelo cerrado brasileiro e outros biomas que o circundam. Por muito tempo, o olhar sobre a palmeira macaúba foi tido como planta problemática e invasora, devido principalmente à presença dos espinhos pontiagudos e finos que provocam lesões. Esta planta despertou o interesse de vários setores, pelo seu alto potencial de produtividade, teor de óleo, rusticidade e a utilidade de seus vários produtos nos mais diversos setores industriais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as características ecológicas, serviços ambientais, fenológicas, silviculturais, genéticas de uma população base de macaúba para formar uma coleção de trabalho, com alta produtividade de sementes e porcentagem de óleo. Para tanto, foi avaliada uma população de A. aculeata, localizada no antigo canteiro de obras da UHE. Eng. Sergio Motta em Rosana, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos que contribuam para seleção de genótipos superiores para a propagação e plantação em larga escala e definição de ideótipos genético-agronômicos de macaúba. Os resultados demonstram que a população de macaúba estudada tem uma ampla variabilidade genética, refletindo diretamente na produtividade de frutos, demonstrando também o potencial de utilização dos materiais existente em programas de melhoramento genético e conservação genética, além de ser uma espécie pioneira antrópica com importância na sucessão secundária com facilitadora e promotora de novos incrementos ecológicos. Essas informações são fundamentais, principalmente para uma espécie cujo trabalho de melhoramento estão apenas no começo.
With the advent of PNPB (National Program for Biodiesel Production), new biodiesel production alternatives are critical to the program's sustainability. The macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a native palm of rainforests and one of the most widespread species by the Brazilian savanna and other biomes surrounding it. For a long time, look at the palm macaúba was seen as problematic and invasive plant, particularly due to the presence of sharp, thin spikes that cause injuries. This plant has sparked interest from various sectors, for its high yield potential, oil content, hardiness and usefulness of its various products in various industrial sectors. The objective of this study is to understand the ecological characteristics, phenological, forestry and select matrices of a macaúba base population to form a collection of work with high seed yield and oil percentage. To that end, it evaluated one population of A. aculeata, located in the former site of the hydroelectric works. Eng. Sergio Motta Rosana in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For estimates of genetic parameters that contribute to select genotypes for propagation and planting on a large scale and definition of genetic agronomic ideotypes of macaúba. The results show that the population of macaúba studied has a wide genetic variability, reflecting directly on the fruit yield, also demonstrating the potential use of existing materials in breeding programs and genetic conservation, as well as being a pioneer anthropic kind of importance in secondary succession with a facilitator and promoter of new ecological increments This information is critical, especially for a species whose breeding work is just beginning.

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Negim, Osama Le Coustumer Philippe Mench Michel. "New technique for soil reclamation and conservation in situ stabilisation of trace elements in contaminated soils /." S. l. : S. n, 2009. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2009/NEGIM_OSAMA_2009.pdf.

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Sopelsa, Hall Emma. "Ex situ lion conservation : Behavioural responses to playbacks of competitors with focus on sex and age differences." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67338.

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Due to increasing habitat loss, human-lion conflict, poaching and other reasons, African lion (Panthera leo) populations have suffered a drastic decline. The African Lion and Environmental Research Trust (ALERT) is working to stop this pattern and is the first organization with an ex-situ conservation project for lions. Before releasing lions raised by captive-bred adults, they must first be ensured to behave properly to make sure they have the highest chance of survival. One challenge in the wild is encountering and competition with unknown conspecifics. By conducting playback of unfamiliar lion roars, the behaviours of lions under this ex-situ reintroduction program were tested and compared with observations from earlier studies of wild lions. Social interactions were also collected and a social network analysis was done to give information about the social structure in the pride. This in turn was compared with boldness scores, calculated from behavioural responses in the playback experiments. Lastly, I searched for associations between age and sex with both boldness and social interactions. The studied pride consisted of 12 lions. The lions were more vigilant when a playback consisted of numerous lions vocalizing, but playing more than three lions seemed to make them loose interest, suggesting either habituation or false information. One adult female and the alpha-male were most bold, followed by five sub-adults. Boldness did not vary according to sex or age differences, but the social network analysis showed that some social interactions were more dominated by one sex or age group. These behaviours were in agreement with comparisons of wild prides. This study showed that captive-bred lions have developed natural social behaviours. Based on the behavioural responses observed by the captive-origin lions to the playbacks of unfamiliar lions, it is unclear whether these lions would appropriately respond when encountered with unfamiliar conspecifics in the wild post-release.

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Perez, Viegas Michele [UNESP]. "Diversidade genética em populações de Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All., sob diferentes tipos de perturbação antrópica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98866.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os marcadores de microssatélites tem sido utilizados com grande freqüência como ferramenta efetiva para estudos de estrutura genética de populações, fluxo gênico, parentesco e para quantificar os efeitos da fragmentação de habitats e guiar estratégias de conservação e melhoramento genético. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade genética e o sistema reprodutivo em progênies de duas populações de Myracrodruon urundeuva, procedentes de Aramina-SP e Selvíria-MS, assim como verificar os efeitos da ação antrópica sobre estas populações. Foram avaliadas 25 progênies de cada população, cada uma com 17 a 20 indivíduos, sendo analisados oito locos polimórficos de regiões microssatélites. Observouse 118 alelos nas duas populações e o número efetivo por loco ( e A ∧ = 4,05) foi inferior ao número médio de alelos por loco ( ∧A= 14,75), indicando elevado número de alelos em baixa freqüência. O índice de fixação (F = 0,210 e 0,107, respectivamente para Aramina e Selvíria) foi positivo, relativamente alto e significativamente diferente de zero. A taxa de cruzamento multilocos ( ∧ m t = 1,000 e ∧ m t = 1,000) e unilocos ( ∧ s t = 0,989 e ∧ s t = 0,999) para as populações de Aramina e Selvíria, respectivamente, foram altos, confirmando que a espécie é obrigatoriamente de cruzamento. A diferença entre a taxa de cruzamento multilocos e unilocos indicam cruzamentos entre indivíduos aparentados na população de Aramina. 9 Entretanto, as duas populações apresentaram alta diversidade genética, o que as qualifica para utilização em programas de conservação e melhoramento genético da espécie.
The microsatellite markers has been often employed as effective tool for studies of genetic structure of populations, gene flow, relationship and also for to quantify environmental fragmentation effects and to outline strategies for conservation and breeding. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and mating system in progenies of two Myracrodruon urundeuva populations from Aramina-SP and Selvíria-MS, as well as verify the effects of antropic action on these populations. From each population were evaluated 25 progenies, with 15-20 individuals each, using genetic data from 8 microsatellite loci. There was 118 alleles in both populations and the actual number per locus ( e A ∧ = 4.05) was lower than the average number of alleles per locus ( ∧A = 14.75), indicating high number of alleles in low frequency. The fixation index (F = 0,210 e 0,107, respectively for Aramina and Selvíria) was positive, relatively high and significantly different from zero. The multilocus outcrossing rate ( ∧ m t = 1,000 e ∧ m t = 1,000) single-locus ( ∧ s t = 0,989 e ∧ s t = 0,999) for the populations for Aramina and Selvíria, respectively, they were high, confirming that the species is obligatorily for outcrossing. The difference between the multilocus outcrossing rates and single-locus outcrossing rate indicates mating among relatives in the Aramina population. Meanwhile, the 11 two populations had high genetic diversity, which qualifies them for use in programs for conservation and breeding of this species.

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Fant, Jeremie Benjamin. "The conservation and maintenance of genetic diversity, both in situ and ex situ : a study of wild populations of Potamogeton and a composite cross population of barley, Hordeum vulgare." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621570.

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Sant'ana, Vanessa Zaffani [UNESP]. "Proporção sexual em populações de Myracrodruon urundeuva para fins de formação de pomares de sementes por mudas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151899.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) é uma espécie dioica e se encontra na lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção, devido ao seu alto valor econômico e à destruição do seu habitat. Dessa forma, se faz necessária a adoção de estratégias para a conservação ex situ dessa espécie arbórea nativa, de tal modo que a variabilidade genética das populações seja mantida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a proporção sexual, a sobrevivência e a variação genética do diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), em seis testes de progênies de M. urundeuva provenientes de seis populações distintas originárias de três biomas (Caatinga, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica). O delineamento utilizado, em cada teste de progênies, foi o de bloco casualizado. As estimativas de componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos, para os caracteres quantitativos para os caracteres quantitativos, DAP e sobrevivência, foram realizadas pelo método REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhança restrita / melhor predição linear não viciada). O tamanho efetivo da população foi calculado com base no número de indivíduos com flores masculinas e femininas, em um modelo que não há controle de gametas (RS). Verificou-se com base nas estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos que as procedências de Itarumã e Seridó expressam maior variação genética para o caráter DAP, o que possibilita sua utilização na conservação e no melhoramento genético. Foram encontrados altos percentuais de sobrevivência o que caracteriza uma ótima adaptação da espécie no local de plantio. A proporção sexual foi tendenciosa, com predominância de plantas com florescimento masculino (3♂:1♀), porém a maior parte dos indivíduos de M. urundeuva, procedentes dos diferentes biomas, não floresceram em Selvíria-MS. O tamanho efetivo populacional variou conforme a razão sexual, sendo que os testes de progênies que se aproximaram mais do valor real de indivíduos reprodutivos foram aqueles originários de Seridó (RN), Itarumã (GO) e Petrolina (PE). As subpopulações dos testes de progênies de Itarumã e Selvíria são as mais próximas geneticamente da população de referência (T), ou seja, possuem a mesma representatividade genética. Portanto, a seleção dos indivíduos dentro dos testes de progênies não deve considerar apenas o caráter de crescimento (DAP), mas também basear-se na razão sexual e no tamanho efetivo populacional, para a sua futura transformação em um pomar de sementes por mudas.
The aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) is a dioecious species and is on the list of endangered species due to its high economic value and the destruction of its habitat. That way, becomes necessary the adoption of strategies for the ex situ conservation of native tree species, such that the genetic variability of populations is maintained. The objective of this work was to quantify the sex ratio, the survival and the genetic variation of the diameter at breast height (DBH), on six test progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva from six distinct populations originating three biomes (Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest). The design used, in each progeny test, was a randomized block design. Estimates of variance components and genetic parameters, for quantitative traits DBH and survival, were obtained by REML / BLUP method (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear prediction untainted). The effective population size was calculated based on the number of individuals with male and female flowers in the population, in a model that there is no control of gametes (RS). It was verified based on the estimates of the genetic parameters that the Itarumã and Seridó provenances express greater genetic variation for the DBH character, which allows their use in conservation and genetic improvement. High survival percentages were found, which characterizes an optimal adaptation of the species at the planting site. The sex ratio was biased, with predominance of male flowering plants (3♂:1♀), but most of M. urundeuva individuals, from the different biomes, did not flower in Selvíria-MS. The effective population size varied according to the sex ratio, being that the progeny tests that approached more of the real value of reproductive individuals were those originating from Seridó (RN), Itarumã (GO) and Petrolina (PE). The subpopulations of the tests progenies of Itarumã and Selvíria are the closest genetically of the reference population (T), that is, they have the same genetic representativeness. Therefore, the selection of individuals within the progeny tests should not only consider the growth trait (DBH), but also be based on sex ratio and effective population size for its future transformation into a Seed Orchard.
FAPESP: 2015/15693-7

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28

Sant'Ana, Vanessa Zaffani. "Proporção sexual em populações de Myracrodruon urundeuva para fins de formação de pomares de sementes por mudas /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151899.

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Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes
Resumo: A aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) é uma espécie dioica e se encontra na lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção, devido ao seu alto valor econômico e à destruição do seu habitat. Dessa forma, se faz necessária a adoção de estratégias para a conservação ex situ dessa espécie arbórea nativa, de tal modo que a variabilidade genética das populações seja mantida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a proporção sexual, a sobrevivência e a variação genética do diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), em seis testes de progênies de M. urundeuva provenientes de seis populações distintas originárias de três biomas (Caatinga, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica). O delineamento utilizado, em cada teste de progênies, foi o de bloco casualizado. As estimativas de componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos, para os caracteres quantitativos para os caracteres quantitativos, DAP e sobrevivência, foram realizadas pelo método REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhança restrita / melhor predição linear não viciada). O tamanho efetivo da população foi calculado com base no número de indivíduos com flores masculinas e femininas, em um modelo que não há controle de gametas (RS). Verificou-se com base nas estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos que as procedências de Itarumã e Seridó expressam maior variação genética para o caráter DAP, o que possibilita sua utilização na conservação e no melhoramento genético. Foram encontrados altos percentuais de sobrevivência o que caracteriza uma ótima adaptação da espécie no l... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) is a dioecious species and is on the list of endangered species due to its high economic value and the destruction of its habitat. That way, becomes necessary the adoption of strategies for the ex situ conservation of native tree species, such that the genetic variability of populations is maintained. The objective of this work was to quantify the sex ratio, the survival and the genetic variation of the diameter at breast height (DBH), on six test progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva from six distinct populations originating three biomes (Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest). The design used, in each progeny test, was a randomized block design. Estimates of variance components and genetic parameters, for quantitative traits DBH and survival, were obtained by REML / BLUP method (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear prediction untainted). The effective population size was calculated based on the number of individuals with male and female flowers in the population, in a model that there is no control of gametes (RS). It was verified based on the estimates of the genetic parameters that the Itarumã and Seridó provenances express greater genetic variation for the DBH character, which allows their use in conservation and genetic improvement. High survival percentages were found, which characterizes an optimal adaptation of the species at the planting site. The sex ratio was biased, with predominance of male flowering plants (3♂:1♀), but ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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29

Teeling, Claire. "In situ conservation of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Europe." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4390/.

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The aim of this project was to combine species distribution modelling (SDM) with the results of a molecular genetic diversity study to make suggestions for sites on which to locate genetic reserves. This work was complemented by a molecular genetic diversity and a forest management policy study, to examine the potential for in situ conservation of the crop wild relative species, Prunus avium. In order to identify the species distribution, the most widely available occurrence data were in the form of historical records, gathered from online repositories and herbaria. A selection of environmental variables were incorporated with occurrence records in the SDM software, MaxEnt, to estimate the existing and possible future distribution of this species. Different sampling methods and combinations of accessions were used to evaluate model performance. This work was supplemented by the use of microsatellite marker analysis, to identify genetic distance among samples collected, covering the species‘ range. Clear separation was found between the individuals from the south-eastern edge of the range, and all other European samples. The effect of management practices on the persistence of wild cherry in managed forests and the impact of conservation policy was also considered, using case studies from the UK and Belgium, interviews and grey literature. Results showed that the difficulties of obtaining reliable, unbiased data can be overcome, as long as these factors are considered in conservation planning. Suggestions are made for several potential reserve sites across Europe, in a variety of forested environments, with differing management priorities.

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30

Cerbin, Adriana Cerbin Linda. "In Situ Conservation Through the Eyes of the Zoo Visitor: Examining Visitor Awareness and Support of the North Carolina Zoological Parkâs Participation in In Situ Conservation Projects." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03272009-144806/.

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Zoo officials have for many years participated in ex situ conservation activities. Recently however, a growing number of zoos have shown an interest in becoming involved with in situ conservation projects. One such zoo is the North Carolina Zoological Park (NCZP) in Asheboro, NC. NCZP officials have committed to several of these projects and are aware of their importance. However, little is known about how visitors regard these activities. The two research questions asked were: 1) Are visitors aware of the NCZPâs involvement in in situ conservation efforts? and 2) Do patronsâ of the NCZP support those efforts? Three hypotheses were identified. These included: H1: visitors with an increased awareness of the zooâs involvement in in situ conservation would provide a greater amount of support for these projects, H2: membership status would not affect a visitorâs level of declared support for in situ conservation, and H3: membership status would affect a visitorâs level of monetary support for in situ conservation. A survey instrument was developed using a cross-sectional design. The survey focused on four key elements including contributions (monetary support), declared support for local and international projects, understanding of in situ conservation, and visitor relationships with the zoo. The survey was conducted on-site at the NCZP in June and July 2007. Tests of statistical significance and measures of association indicated that awareness played a statistically significant role in how much declared support a visitor had for a project, but had little to no role in how much money visitors contributed on an annual basis. Findings also indicated that membership status was not related to declared support and therefore this relationship was not statistically significant. Finally findings indicated that the relationship between membership status and annual monetary contributions was statistically significant. Recommendations for the NCZP were made based on the studyâs findings.

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31

Kashimshetty, Yamini. "Population growth and genetic diversity dynamics of modeled conservation methodologies for threatened plant species." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468512768.

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32

Oliveira, Leila Albuquerque Resende de. "Criopreservação e técnicas de intercâmbio de embriões zigóticos de acessos de coqueiro." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3002.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryoprotectant solutions, immersion times and regeneration means of zygotic embryos cryopreserved coconut and evaluate the effect of different procedures for packaging and storage time on contamination and germination of zygotic embryos. For cryopreservation were used zygotic embryos obtained from mature fruits of Brazil Green Dwarf (BGD) and Brazilian Tall (BRA) accessions of Active Bank Coconut Germplasm Embrapa Coastal Tablelands. BGD coconut seeds were placed in two cryoprotectant solutions: C1 - medium Y3 + 1.75 M sucrose + 15% glycerol, C2 - medium Y3 + 3.33 M glucose + 15% glycerol and BRA coconut embryos in solutions: C1 - medium Y3 + 3.33 M glucose and C2 - medium Y3 + 3.33 M glucose + glycerol 15%, both accesses remained immersed for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Thereafter explants were dehydrated on silica gel 34 (BGD) and 30 hours (BRA) and immersed in liquid nitrogen at - 196 ° C for 24 hours, after this period were thawed at 38 ± 2 ° C. It was determined the humidity of the embryos at the end of step of cryoprotectants and dehydration treatments. The percentage of survival and regeneration was assessed after the embryo transfer into the culture medium Y3 supplemented or not with mol 0.5 gibberellic acid. The pre-cultivation in cryoprotectant solutions and different immersion times did not affect embryo viability. The cryoprotective solution composed of 1.75 M sucrose and 15% glycerol showed lower moisture content (12.3%) and improved survival (63.3%) to the coconut BGD zygotic embryos cryopreserved. The BRA access the embryos reached 77.8% survival when immersed in cryoprotectant formed medium Y3 + 3.33 M glucose, however, both cryoprotectant solutions when combined with the shortest time of immersion (24 hours) may be recommended. For studies of transport and storage procedures were used Cameroon red dwarf (CRD), Malayan yellow dwarf (MYD) and Malayan red dwarf (MRD) acessions. We evaluated five cases; T1 endosperm disk storage at 10 ± 2 ° C for 5 days; T2 endosperm disk storage at 10 ± 2 ° C for 8 days; T3 endosperm disk storage at 10 ± 2 ° C for 12 days (before excision and embryo inoculation in culture medium Y3); T4 excised zygotic embryo and inoculated into culture medium Y3 in individual storage and 5 ml microtube 2 days and then transferred to culture medium Y3; T5- five zygotic embryos inoculated in culture medium Y3 in a Petri dish after 2 days and transferred to culture medium Y3. The transport zygotic embryos in Petri plate with Y3 culture medium without sucrose for two days promotes low percentage of bacterial contamination. All procedures studied promote low fungal contamination. The transport endosperm discs in plastic bags and stored for five, eight, and twelve days promotes higher germination of zygotic embryos uncontaminated MRD and MYD access. The transport of isolated zygotic embryos in microtube with Y3 culture medium without sucrose for two days and endosperm discs in plastic bags and stored for five and eight days promote increased germination of zygotic embryos uncontaminated CRD access.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de soluções crioprotetoras, tempos de imersão e meios de regeneração de embriões zigóticos criopreservados de coco e avaliar o efeito de diferentes procedimentos para a embalagem e tempo de armazenamento sobre a contaminação e germinação de embriões zigóticos. Para a criopreservação foram utilizados embriões zigóticos obtidos de frutos maduros provenientes de plantas matrizes de coqueiro gigante do Brasil da Praia do Forte (GBrPF) e anão verde do Brasil de Jiqui (AVeBrJ) do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Coco da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros. Embriões de coqueiro AveBrJ foram imersos em duas soluções crioprotetoras: C1 meio Y3 +1,75 M sacarose + 15% glicerol, C2 meio Y3 + 3,33 M glicose + 15% glicerol e, embriões de coqueiro GBrPF nas soluções: C1 - meio Y3 + 3,33 M glicose e C2 meio Y3 + 3,33 M glicose + 15% glicerol, ambos os acessos permaneceram imersos por 24, 48 e 72 horas. Posteriormente os explantes foram desidratados em sílica gel por 34 (AVeBrJ) e 30 horas (GBrPF), e imersos em nitrogênio líquido a -196º C por 24 horas, após esse período foram descongelados a 38 ± 2ºC. Foi determinada a umidade dos embriões ao final da etapa de tratamentos crioprotetores e desidratação. Foi avaliada a porcentagem de sobrevivência e regeneração, após a transferência dos embriões para o meio de cultura Y3 suplementado ou não com 0,5 mol de ácido giberélico. O pré-cultivo nas soluções crioprotetoras e os diferentes tempos de imersão não alteraram a viabilidade dos embriões. A solução crioprotetora composta por 1,75 M de sacarose e 15% de glicerol proporcionou menor umidade (12,3%) e maior sobrevivência (63,3%) aos embriões zigóticos de coco AVeBrJ criopreservados. Os embriões do acesso GBrPF alcançaram 77,8% de sobrevivência quando imersos no crioprotetor formado pelo meio Y3 + 3,33 M glicose, porém, ambas as soluções crioprotetoras quando combinadas com o menor tempo de imersão (24 horas) podem ser recomendadas. Para os estudos de procedimentos de transporte e armazenamento foram utilizados embriões de coqueiro anão vermelho dos Camarões (AVC), anão amarelo da Malásia (AAM)e anão vermelho da Malásia (AVM). Foram avaliados cinco procedimentos; T1- Armazenamento do disco de endosperma a 10 ± 2°C durante 5 dias; T2- Armazenamento do disco de endosperma a 10 ± 2°C durante 8 dias; T3- Armazenamento do disco de endosperma a 10 ± 2°C durante 12 dias (antes da excisão de embrião e a inoculação no meio de cultura Y3); T4- embrião zigótico excisado e inoculado em microtubo de 5 mL com 3 mL de meio de cultura Y3 sem sacarose e depois de 2 dias transferidos para meio de cultura Y3; T5- cinco embriões zigóticos inoculados em placa de Petri com meio de cultura Y3 sem sacarose e depois de 2 dias transferidos para meio de cultura Y3. O transporte de embriões zigóticos em placa de Petri com meio de cultura Y3 sem sacarose durante dois dias promove menor porcentagem de contaminação bacteriana. Todos os procedimentos estudados promovem baixa contaminação fúngica. O transporte de discos de endosperma em sacos plásticos e armazenados por cinco, oito e doze dias promove maior germinação de embriões zigóticos não contaminados dos acessos AVM e AAM. O transporte de embriões zigóticos isolados em microtubo com meio de cultura Y3 sem sacarose por dois dias e de discos de endosperma em sacos plásticos e armazenados por cinco e oito dias promovem maior germinação de embriões zigóticos não contaminados do acesso AVC.

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Routson, Rafael Joan. "Conservation of Agro-biodiversity in Baja California Oases." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228179.

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Agro-biodiversity in the desert oases of Baja California, Mexico is a product of isolation and integration through time and across the various spaces of the peninsula. The oases hold heirloom perennial crop species first introduced by Jesuit missionaries (1697-1768) and represent geographies of historical dissemination. I selected fifteen Jesuit mission oases and surveyed the oasis gardens for species richness and abundance. To understand the cultural, political and economic forces that create these patterns of persistence within the oases, I conducted interviews on farming system practices, geographical remoteness, market integration, land tenure, tourism, protected area status and cultural practices. In all, I surveyed 241 gardens and documented eighty-nine total perennial crop species. Historical records in 1774 describe twenty-one perennial crop species in cultivation after the Jesuit expulsion. I calculated species-area relationships and rank-abundance for total perennial and mission crop species in each oasis and inventory comparisons for those oases with quantitative historical data to analyze retention of historic mission species. A high persistence of mission species indicates that oases serve as agro-biodiversity refugia, or protected source areas for agricultural species. These mission-oases act as a network of interconnected sites that are also isolated from one another and the Mexican mainland by the rugged environment, limited transportation infrastructure, and by sea. Within the network, these fifteen oases span a range of small and hours distant from the nearest resource center, to fully urbanized with international ports and airports. I describe how phases and processes of isolation and connectivity shape and transform the agro-biodiversity profiles in this archipelago of peninsula oases.

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Serralheiro, Ana Sofia Ramos. "Ecologia da germinação de sementes de espécies de charcos temporários mediterrânicos: implicações para a conservação." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18396.

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Devido às inúmeras ameaças que se fazem sentir sobre este habitat protegido – os charcos temporários mediterrânicos (CTM) – a recoleção de germoplasma e os estudos da reprodução podem contribuir para a sua preservação. As espécies características dos CTM germinam em condições hidrológicas e climatológicas muito variáveis de ano para ano e que se verificam apenas durante um período de tempo curto. No entanto, o conhecimento sobre a ecologia da germinação das suas espécies mais emblemáticas é escasso, em particular após um período de conservação ex situ, durante o qual pode ocorrer dormência ou diminuição da sua viabilidade. É por isso crucial obter este conhecimento de modo a poder planificar com sucesso a utilização destas sementes para efeitos de recuperação de CTM. Os principais objetivos deste trabalho são determinar qual a viabilidade das sementes recolhidas e quais as condições de luz e temperatura mais adequadas à maximização da germinação de cada uma das espécies estudadas. A experimentação foi efetuada em ambiente controlado – câmara de germinação sob um fotoperíodo de 12h e temperaturas constantes de 15ºC, a simular as condições de temperatura que se verificam no centro do charco no outono e primavera, ou alternadas de 20 e 10ºC, a simular as condições de temperatura que se verificam na periferia do charco nos períodos diurno e noturno, respetivamente. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a viabilidade inicial dos lotes de semente colhida era elevada o que os torna adequados para a conservação ex situ. De um modo geral, a luz favoreceu a germinação das sementes, tal como a temperatura alternada; Germination ecology of seeds from species of Mediterranean temporary ponds – implications for conservation Abstract: Considering the numerous threats to the protected habitat Mediterranean Temporary Ponds (MTP), collecting germplasm and performing reproduction studies could contribute to its preservation. The characteristics species of MTP germinate in variable hydrological and climatological conditions each year during a short period of time. However, knowledge about the ecology of germination of its most emblematic species is scarce, particularly after a period of ex situ conservation, during which dormancy or decreased viability may occur. It is therefore crucial to acquire this knowledge in order to successfully plan the use of these seeds in MTP recovery. The main objectives of this study were to determine the viability of the collected seeds and which were the light and temperature conditions best suited to maximize the germination of each species studied. The experimentation was performed in a controlled environment - a growth chamber under a photoperiod of 12 hours and constant temperatures of 15ºC to simulate the temperature conditions of the pond center) or alternating temperature of 20 and 10°C to simulate the temperature conditions on the margins of the pond, during day and night, respectively. The results allowed us to conclude that the initial viability of the collected seed batches was high and thus adequate to ex situ conservation. We found that in general light enhanced seed germination and that alternating temperature also favored seed germination.

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35

Santos, Ivo Tiago dos. "Conservação ex situ do lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus) : determinação de valores de referência para análises sanguíneas e análise da morfometria da população do Centro Nacional de Reprodução do Lince Ibérico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12815.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
O lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus) é uma espécie que se encontra ameaçada de extinção, que tem sido alvo de vários esforços para a sua conservação. É essencial para o bom funcionamento dos programas de conservação o conhecimento íntimo da espécie, pois só através deste é possível determinar as medidas correctas a adoptar. Nesse sentido, o objectivo deste trabalho foi determinar os valores de referência das diferentes análises hematológicas realizadas durante as anestesias efectuadas no Centro Nacional de Reprodução do Lince Ibérico (CNRLI). Foram avaliados os dados recolhidos das análises efectuadas durante os primeiros cinco anos de funcionamento do centro. A par disso, foram também avaliados os dados de morfometria recolhidos neste mesmo período de tempo. Tanto o sangue recolhido para análise como os dados de morfometria foram recolhidos com os animais sob anestesia geral. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho mostram que os valores das análises hematológicas da população de linces do CNRLI são na generalidade idênticos aos já determinados para outras populações de lince ibérico, nomeadamente em Espanha, sendo também muito semelhantes aos valores que se conhecem para o gato doméstico (Felis catus). Estes valores terão especial utilidade na medicina desenvolvida para a sua preservação, quer em programas de recuperação in situ, quer ex situ.
ABASTRACT - IBERIAN LYNX (Lynx Pardinus) EX SITU CONSERVATION: DETERMINATION OF THE REFERENCE VALUES FOR BLOOD TESTS AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION FROM NATIONAL IBERIAN LYNX BREEDING CENTER - The iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is an endangered species and has been target of several efforts aiming its preservation. In order to make conservation programs work it is essential to know very well the species, since only with that knowledge it is possible to figure out how to act correctly. Bearing this in mind, this research goal is to determine the reference values for the different blood tests taken during several anesthesias that took place in the Centro Nacional de Reprodução do Lince Ibérico (CNRLI, National Iberian Lynx Breeding Center). In this work, all the data resulting from blood tests collected during the first five working years of the center was taken in account and analyzed. Along with that, the morphometric data collected during that same time was also analyzed. All these data was collected from animals under general anesthesia. The results of this research show that the blood values determined for the CNRLI population are in general identical to the same parameters determined in other Iberian lynx populations, namely in Spain. They are also very similar to the values known for domestic cat (Felis catus). These values will be particularly useful in the medicine developed for its preservation, both in recovery programs in situ and ex situ.
N/A

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36

Vincent, Holly A. "Developing methodologies for the global in situ conservation of crop wild relatives." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7126/.

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Climate change is predicted to have far-reaching deleterious impacts worldwide; agriculture in particular is expected to be effected by significant loss of suitable land and crop yields in the world’s most populous and poorest regions. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a rich source of underutilised genetic diversity which could help to mitigate climate change for agriculture through breeding new resilient varieties. However, CWR are under-conserved and threatened in the wild. This thesis researches and develops systematic methodologies to advance knowledge and support action on in situ CWR conservation at the global level. Methods included developing a global inventory of CWR associated with crops important for food security worldwide, species distribution modelling, climate change analysis, in situ gap analysis, reserve planning and prioritisation, and, examining the congruence of CWR distributions with regions of high biodiversity and crop diversity. The methods described here can be applied to CWR at both the national and regional level to ensure robust in situ CWR conservation. A principal success of this research is the global CWR inventory, which has been used in several national strategies and as the basis of a major ex situ germplasm collection mission worldwide.

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Lira, Cleomar Ferreira Santos. "A Implementação de unidades de conservação de proteção integral: o caso do parque ecológico da lagoa da Maraponga/Ceará Fortaleza." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16465.

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LIRA, Cleomar Ferreira Santos. A Implementação de unidades de conservação de proteção integral: o caso do parque ecológico da lagoa da Maraponga/Ceará Fortaleza . 2006. 108 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2006.
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A conservação in situ promovida através da criação de unidades de conservação tem sido um dos meios mais utilizados para a consecução de uma política de proteção da biodiversidade. A implementação dessas unidades, entretanto, afigura-se como um desafio constante do Poder Público, principalmente em relação às unidades de conservação de proteção integral, pois muitos são os problemas encontrados para alcançar uma total implementação, que causa inclusive críticas severas de autores nacionais que consideram um equívoco a adoção, na América Latina, do modelo norte-americano de criação de áreas protegidas. Com o objetivo de avaliar uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral denominada Parque Ecológico da Lagoa da Maraponga, localizada na cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará, cuja origem ocorreu de forma diferenciada através da participação decisiva da população e movimento ambientalista, concretizou-se o presente trabalho, utilizando levantamentos bibliográficos e cartográficos, aplicação de questionário ao gerente da unidade, visitas de campo e entrevista com os freqüentadores do Parque. Para análise dos dados lançou-se mão de dez critérios adaptados do método aplicado pela World Widelife Fund - WWF-Brasil, concluindo-se que o Parque Ecológico da Lagoa da Maraponga encontra-se precariamente implementado e, por isso, sugere-se uma ação urgente do Poder Público responsável, inclusive, no sentido de promover a necessária criação da unidade nos termos da Lei do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza - SNUC.

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Gonçalves, Ariany Rosa. "Variabilidade genética molecular em uma coleção de germoplasma de Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6016.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The study of genetic variation in plant populations, especially in native Brazilian savanna, is fundamental to understanding the magnitude of biodiversity in ecosystems. Understanding how this variability is structured, gives us evidence of how evolution is acting in these populations, bringing subsidies to trace relevant conservation strategies for these species. Its economic potential is significant, mainly due to its nutritional value. The extractive use of native plants is a warning, because the genetic resources of these plants can be exhausted without even discover their full potential. Given this, the germplasm collections that conserve genetic resources ex situ and in vivo, are an alternative to access information about the species at the same time helps conserve their genetic variability. This study was therefore to characterize, genotypically, individuals of the collection of germplasm Hymenaea stigonocarpa, located in the Escola de Agronomia of the Universidade Federal de Goiás. For this, we used ten microsatellite markers with detection methods by capillary electrophoresis. Individuals in the collection are from fruit collections occurred in 24 locations spanning the Brazilian savanna. In total, were evaluated 353 individuals in 119 progenies. Subpopulations showed moderate level of genetic diversity for the evaluated loci and mean heterozygosity was 0,59. Significant genetic structure was detected on subpopulations (𝜃𝑃 = 0,14), with intrapopulation inbreeding coefficient (f) of 0,12 and total inbreeding (F) 0,25. These results suggest that these subpopulations are not behaving as a panmitic population. Analyses of genetic diversity through the genetic distance of Nei (1972), showed two distinct groups subdivided. The correlation between genetic and geographic distances, doesn’t show a strong relationship between these arrays (r = 0.27), suggesting that the physical distance between subpopulations is not sufficient to differentiate them genetically. The germplasm collection has an effective size of 60, an amount considered sufficient to conduct breeding programs (minimum 50), and presents an allelic representation of 78.84% compared to 32 natural subpopulations. Thus, it can be concluded that the collection of germplasm,satisfactorily, represents the genetic variability of H. stigonocarpa while preserving their diversity, which is essential to support future work of conservation and improvement of the species.
O estudo da variabilidade genética em populações de plantas é fundamental para a compreensão da magnitude da biodiversidade nos ecossistemas. Entender como essa variabilidade está estruturada fornece evidências de como a evolução está atuando nessas populações, trazendo subsídios para traçar estratégias de conservação pertinentes àquela espécie. Uma das espécies nativas do Cerrado que vem sendo alvo de estudos em diversas áreas é Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae). Seu potencial econômico é significativo, principalmente graças a seu valor nutricional. O uso extrativista de plantas nativas serve de alerta, pois os recursos genéticos dessas plantas podem se esgotar, sem ao menos descobrirmos seu total potencial. Diante disto, as coleções de germoplasma, que conservam os recursos genéticos de organismos ex situ e in vivo, são uma alternativa para ter acesso às informações sobre a espécie, ao mesmo tempo em que auxilia na conservação de sua variabilidade genética. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar, do ponto de vista molecular, os indivíduos que compõem a coleção de germoplasma de H. stigonocarpa, localizada na Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Para tanto, foram utilizados dez marcadores microssatélites com métodos de detecção por eletroforese capilar. Os indivíduos da coleção são provenientes de coletas de frutos ocorridas em 24 localidades de abrangência no Cerrado. No total, foram avaliados 353 indivíduos distribuídos em 119 progênies. As subpopulações apresentaram nível moderado de diversidade genética, para os locos avaliados, com heterozigosidade média esperada de 0,59. Foi detectada estruturação genética significativa nas subpopulações (𝜃𝑃 = 0,14), com coeficiente de endogamia intrapopulacional (𝑓) de 0,12 e endogamia total (𝐹) de 0,25. Estes resultados sugerem que essas subpopulações não estão se comportando como uma população panmítica. As análises de divergência genética, por meio da distância genética de Nei (1972), apresentaram dois grupos distintos subdivididos. A correlação entre as distâncias genética e geográfica, demonstra que não há uma relação muito forte entre essas matrizes (𝑟 = 0,27), sugerindo que a distância física entre as subpopulações não é suficiente para diferenciá-las geneticamente. A coleção de germoplasma detém um tamanho efetivo de 60, valor considerado suficiente para a condução de programas de melhoramento (mínimo 50), além de apresentar uma representatividade alélica de 78,84% com relação a 32 subpopulações naturais. Assim, pode-se concluir que a coleção de germoplasma representa satisfatoriamente a variabilidade genética de H. stigonocarpa, preservando sua diversidade, o que é fundamental para subsidiar futuros trabalhos de conservação e melhoramento da espécie.

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Kruzich, Tyler Joseph. "Why do households cultivate landraces? Wheat variety selection and in situ conservation in Turkey /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/kruzich/KruzichT0506.pdf.

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Oliveira, Junior Paulo Roberto Ramos de. "Monitoramento genético da população Ex Situ da jacutinga (Aburria jacutinga, Aves, Cracidae) como subsídio para a conservação da espécie." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1518.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Several critically endangered species and subspecies have been saved from extinction in recent years by Ex Situ conservation strategies. However, captive populations are generally small and exposed to the effects of genetic drift, inbreeding and founder effects. Thus, a major challenge for long-term reproduction of these animals is to reduce the loss of heterozygosity and of allelic diversity. The genetic management can guide the matings to maintain the genetic variation as high as possible in the population. It can be achieved by calculating the genetic distance between the specimens, which is performed using molecular biology techniques. The Black-fronted Piping-Guan, Aburria jacutinga (Aves, Cracidae), is an endemic bird of the Atlantic Forest that is threatened of extinction due to the drastic destruction of this biome and the heavy hunting pressure. Among the suggested conservation actions for this species are the development of an Ex Situ conservation program with the goal of making reintroductions in areas where it has become extinct, as well as the maintenance of these captivity stocks controlled by a studbook. Here we have genotyped and analyzed 146 individuals from the five main breeding facilities. The results demonstrated five genetically differentiated populations of Black-fronted Piping-Guan, but their levels of genetic variability were very similar. However when these levels are compared with other species, the data suggest that the genetic variation is lower than desirable to reach the objectives proposed by the Ex Situ conservation programs. Pairing tables and genetic rankings were constructed and indicated kinship and levels of genetic variability of each bird. It was possible to identify the best pairs to be mated and individuals that were adequate for reintroductions.
Diversas espécies e subespécies criticamente ameaçadas foram salvas da extinção nos últimos anos por meio de estratégias de conservação Ex Situ. Porém, as populações de cativeiro são geralmente pequenas, e quanto menor uma população, mais exposta ela se torna aos efeitos da deriva genética, endocruzamento e efeitos fundadores. Assim, um dos grandes desafios para a reprodução em longo prazo desses animais é amenizar a perda de diversidade alélica e heterozigose. O manejo genético pode orientar os acasalamentos de maneira a manter na população a maior variação genética possível através do cálculo da distância genética entre os espécimes, que é realizado por técnicas de biologia molecular. A jacutinga, Aburria jacutinga (Aves, Cracidae), é uma ave endêmica da Mata Atlântica que está ameaçada de extinção devido à drástica destruição deste bioma e à forte pressão de caça. Dentre as ações de conservação sugeridas para esta espécie estão o desenvolvimento de um programa de conservação Ex Situ visando a reintrodução em áreas nas quais ela se tornou extinta e a manutenção desses estoques em cativeiro controlados por um studbook. Foram genotipados e analisados 146 indivíduos oriundos de cativeiro. Os resultados demonstram 5 populações diferenciadas geneticamente de jacutinga, mas seus níveis de variabilidade genética são bastante semelhantes. Entretanto quando esses níveis são comparados com outras espécies, os dados sugerem que a variação genética está abaixo do desejável para se alcançar os objetivos propostos pelos programas de conservação Ex Situ. Tabelas de pareamento e rankings genéticos foram construídos e indicam as relações de parentesco e níveis de variabilidade genética de cada ave. Com eles foi possível apontar os melhores pares a serem acasalados e os indivíduos que estão aptos a serem reintroduzidos.

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Hryhorenko, Lesia. "Analysis of In-Situ Authorship: A Study On The Representation Of Commonly Marginalized Authors." Otterbein University Distinction Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbndist1620462738167087.

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Ertosun, Isil Atiye. "Evaluation Of Protective Structures In Archaeological Sites For In Situ Conservation Of Architectural Remains And Artifacts." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614955/index.pdf.

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Artifacts are moved to museums after the excavations in order to provide an indoor protection, while the immovable findings remain exposed to environmental conditions and human activity. In order to conserve these architectural remains made of vulnerable material, mosaics and wall paintings in situ, covering structures are designed offering temporary or long-term sheltering, preserving and exhibiting facilities. The aim of the study is to evaluate these protective structures. In this study, national and international approaches in the conservation of archaeological sites are studied in order to form the theoretical framework. Following the theoretical research, problems facing excavation sites, in situ conservation, interventions and the presentation of the archaeological sites are studied. New building in an archaeological site is discussed in architectural and conservation perspectives and evaluation criteria are defined. Selected cases are studied according to their material selection, functional and physical efficiency, compatibility with the remaining and its urban context in terms of the determined principles. The study is concluded with the general remarks for a new protective structure for the preservation and presentation of the architectural remains in an archaeological site.

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Negim, Osama. "New Technique for Soil Reclamation and Conservation: In Situ Stabilization of Trace Elements in Contaminated Soils." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408020.

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L'accumulation de métaux toxiques dans le sol est principalement héritée de matériaux parents ou d'éléments résultant de l'activité humaine. Par conséquent, de nouvelles techniques sont en cours d'élaboration pour remédier à ces contaminations dans les sols pollués, telles que la phytoremédiation et la stabilisation in situ. La stabilisation in situ est une technique commune de réduction des effets négatifs des métaux et métalloïdes, tels que As, Cr, Cu, Cd et Zn dans les sols contaminés par l'ajout d'amendements. L'application de matières alcalines telles que les laitiers d'aciéries et un laitier modifié enrichie en phosphates dans le sol constitue un outil prometteur pour la réduction de la mobilité et la biodisponibilité des éléments traces dans les sols contaminés ainsi que pour l'assainissement du sol et l'amélioration de ses propriétés physique, chimique et minéralogique, ainsi que la production végétale.

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Dyer, Leal George Allen. "The cost of in situ conservation of maize landraces in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico /." Connect to Digital dissertations. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Negim, Osama. "New technique for soil reclamation and conservation : in situ stabilisation of trace elements in contaminated soils." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13821/document.

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Les sols sous contraintes que ce soit du point de vue charges polluantes comme avec les Métaux Traces (MT) ou bien du point de vue stress hydrique (perte des capacités de rétention menant à la désertification des sols) concernent de nombreux espaces du territoire national, de même que la région du pourtour Méditerranéen. Le nombre de sites pollués par des substances inorganiques affectant de larges espaces est en constante augmentation. Les stratégies pour leur rémédiation sont variées mais très peu envisagent la dépollution tout en restaurant les propriétés pédologiques des sols concernés. La rémédiation comme la restauration des capacités fertilisantes de sols pollués sont un enjeu international. Pour cela, la stratégie de cette étude porte sur le développement d’outils technologiques innovants basée sur la phytorémédiation assistée par des matrices duales de sols contaminés par des MT (Cuivre, Chrome, Arsenic). Ces matrices duales ont une action double concomitante en permettant une immobilisation ou un piégeage des MT tout en favorisant la repousse végétale ou la catalyse de la croissance végétale. Le piégeage peut se faire par l’apport d’amendement ayant des capacités d’échanges (généralement liées à l’existence de phase allophane et/ou d’un réseau poral important) et de rétention (liées au réseau porale et à l’existence de phases minérales type phosphates, silice amorphe, oxydes hydroxydes de fer-manganèse). L’élaboration, à partir de laitiers d’aciéries, d’une matrice susceptible d’adsorber des MT (aspect dépollution) tout en favorisant la pousse végétale (aspect amendement) nous a permis de tester ce produit de synthèse. La seconde originalité de cette étude est d’analyser le potentiel de ces matrices, non seulement à différentes échelles (du pot en passant par le stade mésocosme et jusqu’au champ), du point de vue impact écotoxique – dépollution de sols associé à une re-végétalisation. Cette dernière participe également au transfert des charges polluantes (MT) depuis l’amendement de synthèse ou du sol vers, et dans le réseau racinaire des radicelles et ainsi favoriser la réhabilitation des propriétés hydriques des sols par le développement d’un couvert végétale pérenne. On conjugue ainsi un apport dépolluant à celui de maintient de la potentielle anti-désertification grâce au développement de solutions innovantes respectueuses de l’environnement sur la base de technologie douce valorisant les co produits de l’industrie
Soil contamination by trace elements is a widespread problem in many parts of the world. The accumulation of toxic metals in soil is mainly inherited from parent materials or inputs through human activities. In fact, one of the sources of soil contaminations is very important resulting from chemical widely used wood preservative industries in aquatic environments and storing the wood after treatment by chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Elements such as As, Cu, Cr, and Zn can be found in excess in contaminated soils at wood treatment facilities, especially when Cu sulphates and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) were used as a preservative against insects and fungi, which may result in soil phytotoxicity as well as toxic to plants, animals and humans. New techniques are being developed to remediate trace elements in contaminated soils such as phytoremediation and in situ stabilization. In situ stabilization technique or in situ immobilisation is one of the common practices for reducing negative effects of metals and metalloids such as As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in contaminated soils by adding amendments. Alkaline materials are usually added to acidic soils to improve soil chemical and physical properties and also to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of contaminant. Slag, which consists of calcium oxide, phosphorus oxide, silicon oxide, iron oxide, and other metal oxides, is an alkaline by-product of metallurgical processes or a residue of incineration processes. Slags have been successfully used to soil reclamation and soil fertiliser. It has been used as a soil additive to reduce various metals contaminated soil by precipitation and adsorption on the surface of metal oxide. The objectives of this Ph.D study were to evaluate the physical, chemical soil properties and the distribution of trace elements in contaminated soil. Also to evaluate the characteristics of two different slags samples, a basic slag (BS) and a basic slag phosphate (BSP) which are alkaline by-products of the French steel industry and which used as a soil amendments to improve soil properties and for the in situ immobilisation of copper and metals in chromated copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated soil

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Martin, Meghan S. "The Role of Mate Preference and Personality on Reproductive Performance in an Ex-Situ Conservation Breeding Program for the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2096.

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Successful captive-breeding and re-introduction programs must have the ability to breed a surplus of genetically suitable animals for release into the wild. Unfortunately, many individuals in captive breeding programs often do not reproduce even when they are apparently healthy and presented with genetically appropriate mates. Mate choice can affect multiple parameters of reproductive sperformance, including mating success, offspring production, survival, and fecundity. We investigated the role of mate preference and personality on the reproductive performance of male and female giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) as measured by intromission success and litter production. We conducted these studies on giant pandas at the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (Bifengxia, Sichuan, China.) from February-May 2011, 2012, and 2013. In Chapter 2, we compared reproductive performance between individuals mated with preferred and nonpreferred males of the focal female (female preference), the focal male (male preference), and mutual mate choice perspective. There were four types of reproductive pairings in our mutual mate choice analyses: females and males that preferred each other (P-P), females that preferred the male but the male did not prefer the female (P-NP), females that did not prefer the male but the male preferred the female (NP-P), and females and males that did not prefer each other (NP-NP). Pairing giant pandas with a preferred partner increased the probability of intromission success and producing a cub. Of the 25 females mated to a preferred partner, 72% had successful intromission, 64% produced cubs, and 52% reared their own cubs versus 31%, 12%, 12% for females mated to their nonpreferred partner (N = 16). Male giant panda mate preference showed similar results. Of the 24 males that were mated with their preferred females, 75% had successful intromission, 77.8% produced cubs, and 92.9% produced cubs that were maternally reared versus 31%, 60%, 66.7% for males mated with their nonpreferred females (N = 16). There was a statistically significant difference in intromission success and cub production for P-P pairings versus NP-NP pairings. Of the twelve P-P mate dyads 83% had successful intromission, 90% produced cubs, and 88.9% had mothers rear their cubs. Of the four P-NP mate dyads 50% had successful intromission, 50% produced cubs, and 100% had the mother rear their cub. Of the seven NP-P mate dyads 57% had successful intromission, 50% produced cubs, and 100% had the mothers rear their cubs. Of the three NP-NP mate dyads 0% had successful intromission resulting in 0% producing cubs and having mother-rear cubs. In addition, we took into account various life and breeding history factors that may have affected reproductive performance such as birth location, rearing, previous sexual history with the opposite sex and familiarity status directly prior to breeding. Mate pairings that were familiar with each other as measured by successfully producing a cub in the past, had increased intromission success. Females mated to heavier males had more intromissions and produced more cubs than females mated to smaller males. In Chapter 3 and 4, we investigated the effect of personality on reproductive performance measurements. Recently, personality of individual animals has been implicated in the failure or success of captive management and breeding of threatened and endangered species. Measurements of personality included novel object tests (where behaviors of individual giant pandas were scored toward a novel object for one hour) and keeper surveys (where the primary keeper rated giant pandas on 23 adjectives describing personality); both measures significantly correlated with variation in long-term and specific mating dyad reproductive performance. In Chapter 3 we evaluated the effect of personality on long-term reproductive performance. Our results show that for both male and female giant pandas, `fearful' individuals had lower natural mating success and cub production. In addition, `aggressive' female giant pandas had increased natural mating success but decreased cub production. Males did not show these relationships between `aggressive' personality types and reproductive performance. Female giant pandas that were labeled as `aggressive' had higher frequencies of positive mating behaviors but `fearful of conspecifics' females had lower frequencies. Males labeled `fearful of conspecifics' and with high `playful-clever' component scores had a lower frequency of positive mating behaviors. In Chapter 4 we further investigated the effects of personality within a specific mating dyad. Recent studies suggest that mate compatibility within personality types can improve reproductive performance measurements such as mating success, offspring survivorship, and offspring quality. We investigated the effect of personality compatibility on reproductive performance through analyzing mate dyad similarity in personality (similar versus dissimilar), specific personality combinations, and relative personality scores (male scores higher or lower than female scores). The specific personality combinations were: females and males that were both low on the personality component (L_L), females were low but males were high (L_H), females were high but males were low (H_L), and females and males were both high (H_H). Our results suggest that giant pandas appear to be assortatively mating based on aggressive, fearful, and stereotypical-excitable personality traits. Mate dyads that were dissimilar on the stereotypical-excitable component score were more likely to have successful intromission than pairs that were similar. L_H mate dyads on the aggressive and stereotypical-excitable personality traits had increased intromission success and cub production than all other possible personality combinations. L_L on fearfulness had higher intromission success but not higher cub production than all other possible personality combinations. Mate dyads composed of males ranked high on the aggressive component relative to the female resulted in higher reproductive performance and cub production. In captive breeding programs, mates are traditionally selected solely on the basis of genetic parameters to minimize loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients. Our results suggest that integrating genetic with behavioral measures of preference, breeding history factors, and personality would increase the reproductive output of the giant panda captive-breeding program. We stress the importance of considering husbandry practices to accommodate personality traits and ultimately increase reproductive performance in the captive population while simultaneously maintaining both genetic and behavioral diversity.

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Joly, Thierry. "Etablissement d'une cryobanque de semence ou d'embryons pour la conservation ex situ de la diversité génétique chez les mammifères domestiques : l'exemple du lapin (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0094.

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L'établissement d'une cryobanque de semence et d'embryons peut constituer aujourd'hui une aide précieuse pour garantir le maintien de la diversité génétique animale et la protection des populations menacé d'extinction. Nous avons entrepris d'établir une telle banque chez le lapin, espèce à la fois d'intérêt zootechnique, mais aussi modèle pour la recherche biomédicale. -Dans un premier temps, nous avons appliqué les méthodes de congélation de semence et d'embryons sur un large éventail de populations, choisies pour représenter la diversité génétique chez le lapin. L'efficacité de nos techniques est semblable, en moyenne 350 à 400 lapereaux étant produits à partir de 100 doses de semence ou 100 paillettes de 10 embryons congelés. Cependant, les variabilités entre populations observées sur nos résultats de production de semence et d'embryons sont importantes; elles varient de 1 à 3 et ne sont pas maîtrisables. Pour des raisons d'ordre pratique et sanitaire, les coûts de cryopréservation étant identiques pour les deux types cellulaires, nous avons pris le parti de conserver en priorité les embryons, le moyen le mieux adapté pour conserver les ressources génétiques chez le lapin. L'utilisation du traitement de super-ovulation des femelles peut être appliquée en routine pour augmenter la production d'embryons (18,5 embryons congelés par donneuse). - Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons proposé une démarche pour définir 1' échantillon à conserver pour chaque population : taille de l'échantillon, choix des animaux reproducteurs et des accouplements. Le raisonnement s'exprime de façon différente suivant l'objectif de conservation, un 'gène' ou une 'population'. Nous estimons que 120 embryons congelés (12 paillettes) est un échantillon de taille suffisante pour conserver un gène. Lorsque l'objectif est la conservation d'une population, nous avons défini trois paramètres d'échantillonnage simples qui nous permettent de fixer la taille de l'échantillon et d'évaluer l'échantillon d'embryons stockés. Dans le cas de la conservation d'une race, nous avons à échantillonner au moins 15 mâles et 30 femelles et conserver 330 embryons congelés. Dans le cas d'une souche sélectionnée, la taille de 1' échantillon sera variable suivant les caractères considérés
The establishment of a cryobank of gametes and embryos would be useful to maintain animal genetic diversity and protect populations threatened from extinction. We have started to establish such a bank using the rabbit as a model: a species which is of interest from both zoo-technical and biomedical point of view. First, we have applied the technics of semen and embryos cryopreservation to a large spectrum of populations, which represent most of the rabbit genetic diversity. Our techniques for freezing semen and embryos can be used routinely to store rabbit genetic resources, although individual and genotypic variabilities observed on our results of semen and embryos production were almost uncontrollable. We have preferentially chosen to freeze embryos and used the superovulation treatment of does, for practical and sanitary reasons, as the efficiency and costs of both techniques were similar. Secondly, we were able to define the sample size and sampling of the animals to be mated in order to get off springs from cryopreserved embryos, which will constitute the next generation. Sample is defined according to the objective of conservation, a 'gene' or a 'population', and the level of information. This approach based on simple parameters should help the practitioners which are implied in the actions of preservation of animal genetic resources to rationalize their decisions concerning sampling of individuals making up the population to be preserved

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48

Harmon, Amanda Lauren Leslie. "Herbarium Collections Management Internship." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1524744021639645.

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49

Guarino, Ernestino de Souza Gomes. "Modelando ocorrência e abundância de espécies arbóreas no entorno de uma usina hidroelétrica no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27519.

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Modelos de ocorrência e abundância de espécies são importantes ferramentas para a elaboração de estrategias para a conservação da biodiversidade. Nestes artigos aplicamos, pela primeira vez, modelos de distribuição e abundância no entorno de uma Usina Hidroelétrica no Sul do Brasil, com o objetivo de mostrar possíveis aplicações destas técnicas no planejamento de ações de coleta e conservação, in situ e ex situ, destas espécies. Nossos objetivos secundários foram (i) modelar a ocorrência e abundância de plantas em um trecho da bacia do rio Pelotas e (ii) verificar o efeito da detectabilidade em modelos de ocorrência. Para tanto dividimos a tese em dois capítulos e cinco questões. No primeiro capítulo procuramos responder as seguintes questões: (1) existe relação entre a probabilidade de ocorrência e a abundância observada? (2) Modelos baseados na abundância são melhores para predizer a ocorrência de espécies do que modelos baseados apenas na ocorrência das espécies? No segundo capítulo, tentamos responder se (3) amostragens exaustivas, com presenças e ausências bem descritas, produzem modelos de ocorrência mais precisos? (4) Se a relação entre a ocorrência da espécie e as variáveis ambientais que descrevem sua distribuição é alterada de acordo com a detectabilidade? (5) Qual o impacto de falsos zeros na área ocupada estimada para a espécie? O trabalho foi realizado no entorno da UHE Barra Grande, erguida no rio Pelotas, entre os Estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Localizada na bacia do rio Pelotas, seu reservatório ocupa uma área de aproximadamente 90 km2 e seu entorno perfaz uma área aproximada de 4.600 km2, onde amostramos 388 parcelas georreferenciadas (10 x 50 m) distribuídas aleatoriamente. Em cada parcela contamos o número de indivíduos de nove espécies arborescente com altura ≥ 1,5 m. No primeiro artigo, modelamos, utilizando modelos lineares generalizados (GLM), a distribuição e abundância das nove espécies estudadas em relação a 15 variáveis ambientais, e demonstramos que modelos de ocorrência são mais precisos do que modelos de abundância. Demonstramos também que a probabilidade de ocorrência é positivamente correlacionada com a abundância observada, o que abre a possibilidade de utilizarmos a probabilidade de ocorrência como um indicador da abundância das espécies. No segundo capítulo, verificamos o impacto de falhas de detecção em modelos de distribuição de espécies, utilizando como espécie modelo A. angustifolia. Simulamos o impacto de falsos zeros na precisão dos modelos, na seleção das variáveis resposta (variáveis ambientais) e nas estimativas de área ocupada pela espécie. A redução da detectabilidade ocasionou alterações tanto na precisão dos modelos quanto na área estimada de ocorrência e nas variáveis ambientais que explicam a ocorrência de A. angustifolia. A área ocupada não apresentou padrão bem definido, porém mostrou tendência de elevação de acordo com a diminuição da detectabilidade, elevando com isso o erro de comissão dos modelos. A precisão dos modelos (AUC e correlação entre probabilidade de ocorrência e abundância observada), apresentou queda em relação ao redução da detectabilidade, enquanto apenas uma variável ambiental foi incluída em todos os modelos (pH do solo). Existe um grande possibilidade de uso destas técnicas como informação básica para planos de conservação, monitoramento e manejo da biodiversidade no entorno de empreendimentos hidroelétricos, porém, para que possamos tirar inferências fortes sobre as espécies e ecossistemas em questão, devemos observar sempre a necessidade de levar em conta os impactos da detecção imperfeita das espécies.
Species occurrence and abundance models are important tools in the development of biodiversity conservation strategies. This study presents, for the first time, the application of distribution and abundance models in the environment surrounding a hydropower dam in southern Brazil. The aim is to demonstrate the possible application of these techniques in planning collection and conservation strategies of the species inhabiting the area, in situ and ex situ. We also aimed at (i) modeling the occurrence and abundance of plants in a section of the Pelotas River basin and (ii) verifying the effect of detectability in occurrence models. This thesis was therefore divided into two chapters and five questions. The first chapter is an attempt to answer the following questions: (1) Is there a relationship between occurrence probability and abundance? (2) Are models based on abundance better to predict the occurrence of species as compared to models that utilize only species occurrence? The second chapter addresses the questions: (3) Do exhaustive sampling procedures, with well-sampled presences and absences, lead to more accurate occurrence models? (4) Does detectability influence the relationship between species occurrence and environmental variables? (5) What is the impact of false zeros in the estimated area occupied by one given species? This study was conducted in the area surrounding the hydropower plant “Barra Grande”, in the Pelotas River, on the border of the Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. Located in the Pelotas River basin, the dam occupies an area of approximately 90 km². The surrounding area accounts for 4,600 km², where 388 plots with 10 x 50 m were randomly distributed and georeferenced. In each plot, individuals of nine selected tree species taller than 1.5 m were surveyed. In the first paper, we modeled the distribution and abundance of the species studied using generalized linear models (GLMs), utilizing 15 environmental variables. Occurrence models were proved to be more accurate than abundance models. The positive correlation between occurrence probability and observed abundance was also demonstrated, which opens the possibility to utilize occurrence probability as an indicator of species abundance. The second chapter reports the impact of failures in detection in species distribution models, using A. angustifolia as model species. We simulated the impact of false zeros in model accuracy, in the selection of response variables (environmental variables) and in estimates of the area occupied by A. angustifolia. The decrease in detectability caused changes in both model accuracy and in the environmental variables that explain the occurrence of A. angustifolia. The area occupied did not have a well-defined pattern, though it showed a trend towards elevation, in accordance with the decrease in detectability, thus raising the commission error in the model. The accuracy of models (AUC and correlation between occurrence probability and observed abundance) decreased with the decrease in detectability, while only one environmental variable was included in all models (soil pH). These techniques offer great potential in the collection of essential information in biodiversity conservation, monitoring and managements strategies in hydropower projects. However, robust inferences about species and ecosystems in question can only be drawn considering the need to evaluate the impact caused by defective species detection.

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Freitas, Bruno Antonio Lemos de. "Conhecimento local, diversidade morfo-genética como subsídios para conservação da mangaba." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3017.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
One of the challenges in the conservation of genetic resources is the identification of areas for collection, maintenance and preservation of seeds, especially recalcitrant, for in situ and ex situ conservation. Thus, through four articles is intended to identify areas with potential naturally occuring mangaba using modeling techniques by Maxent software using environmental variables, as well as to characterize the morpho-genetic diversity using local and scientific knowledge by the analysis of fruits, and conservation of seeds in order to guarantee the viability in the storage. It is observed distribution of populations intensively on the coast, with higher occurrence in the municipalities of Greater Aracaju and Japoatã, Pacatuba, Nossa Senhora das Dores, Malhador, Estancia, Arauá and Itabaianinha. To evaluate the traditional knowledge of the catchers of mangabas inserted into remaining forests, five associations were selected (Baixa Grande, Pontal, Porteiras, Riboleirinha and Manuel Dias). It was observed that the classification of fruit occurs according to color and there are differences among the collection locations for morphometric and physical- chemical (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids) traits. Baixa Grande seeds (Pirambu-SE) were stored at 10 ° C in polyethylene glycol 6000 to -0.8 MPa and it was observed that viability can be maintained until the third month. Four natural population (111 individuals) were evaluated by of molecular markers ISSR. The population of Baixa Grande presented the highest number of observed and effective alleles (1.99 and 1.61). The number of polymorphic loci was 71 (95% Polymorphism). The differences in morphological characteristics of mangaba can be used for selection of genotypes. The information resulting from this research are subsidies for management and conservation aiming to increase the diversity of mangaba in the state of Sergipe.
Um dos desafios na conservação dos recursos genéticos é a identificação de áreas para coleta, manutenção e preservação de sementes, especialmente as recalcitrantes, visando à conservação in situ e ex situ. Assim, por meio de quatro artigos, se propõe identificar regiões com potencial ocorrência natural de mangaba por meio de técnicas de modelagem pelo programa Maxent empregando variáveis ambientais, bem como caracterizar a diversidade morfo-genética empregando o conhecimento local e científico por meio da análise de frutos, e conservar as sementes de forma a garantir a viabilidade no armazenamento. Observa-se a distribuição das populações mais intensamente no litoral, com maior ocorrência nos municípios da Grande Aracaju e Japoatã, Pacatuba, Nossa Senhora das Dores, Malhador, Estância, Arauá e Itabaianinha. Para avaliar o conhecimento das catadoras de mangabas inseridas em remanescentes florestais, foram selecionadas cinco associações (Baixa Grande, Pontal, Porteiras, Riboleirinha e Manuel Dias). Observou-se que a classificação dos frutos ocorre de acordo com cor e diferenças entre as localidades de coleta para características morfométricas e físico-químico (pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis). Sementes de mangaba de Baixa Grande (Pirambu-SE) foram armazenadas à 10ºC em polietilenoglicol 6000 à -0,8 MPa e constatou-se que a viabilidade pode ser mantida até o 3° mês. Quatro populações naturais de mangaba (111 indivíduos) foram avaliadas por meio de marcadores moleculares ISSR. A população de Baixa Grande foi a que apresentou maior número de alelos observados e efetivos (1,99 e 1,61). O número de locos polimórficos foi de 71 (95% de polimorfismo). As diferenças observadas nas características morfológicas de mangaba podem ser utilizadas para a seleção de genótipos. As informações resultantes desta pesquisa são subsídios para manejo e conservação visando ampliar a diversidade de mangaba no estado de Sergipe.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'In-situ and ex-situ conservation'

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