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Journal articles on the topic 'In situ oceanic observations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Piotrowicz, Stephen R., and David M. Legler. "The In situ Global Ocean Observing System for Climate (and Other Needs)." Marine Technology Society Journal 49, no. 2 (2015): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.2.22.

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AbstractThe Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is the international observation system that ensures long-term sustained ocean observations. The ocean equivalent of the atmospheric observing system supporting weather forecasting, GOOS, was originally developed to provide data for weather and climate applications. Today, GOOS data are used for all aspects of ocean management as well as weather and climate research and forecasting. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), through the Climate Observation Division of the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research/Climate Program Of

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Tegtmeier, S., K. Krüger, B. Quack, et al. "Emission and transport of bromocarbons: from the West Pacific ocean into the stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 22 (2012): 10633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10633-2012.

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Abstract. Oceanic emissions of halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLS) are expected to contribute significantly to the stratospheric halogen loading and therefore to ozone depletion. The amount of VSLS transported into the stratosphere is estimated based on in-situ observations around the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and on modeling studies which mostly use prescribed global emission scenarios to reproduce observed atmospheric concentrations. In addition to upper-air VSLS measurements, direct observations of oceanic VSLS emissions are available along ship cruise tracks. Here we use s

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3

Hoving, Henk-Jan, Svenja Christiansen, Eduard Fabrizius, et al. "The Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) to reveal biodiversity, behavior, and ecology of elusive oceanic fauna." Ocean Science 15, no. 5 (2019): 1327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1327-2019.

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Abstract. There is a need for cost-efficient tools to explore deep-ocean ecosystems to collect baseline biological observations on pelagic fauna (zooplankton and nekton) and establish the vertical ecological zonation in the deep sea. The Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) is a 3000 m rated slowly (0.5 m s−1) towed camera system with LED illumination, an integrated oceanographic sensor set (CTD-O2) and telemetry allowing for online data acquisition and video inspection (low definition). The high-definition video is stored on the camera and later annotated using software and related t

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4

Smith, Shawn R., Kristen Briggs, Nicolas Lopez, and Vassiliki Kourafalou. "Applying Automated Underway Ship Observations to Numerical Model Evaluation." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 3 (2016): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0052.1.

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AbstractNumerical models are used widely in the oceanic and atmospheric sciences to estimate and forecast conditions in the marine environment. Herein the application of in situ observations collected by automated instrumentation on ships at sampling rates ≤5 min is demonstrated as a means to evaluate numerical model analyses. Specific case studies use near-surface ocean observations collected by a merchant vessel, an ocean racing yacht, and select research vessels to evaluate various ocean analyses from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Although some specific differences are identifi

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Vonich, P. Trent, and Gregory J. Hakim. "Hurricane Kinetic Energy Spectra from In Situ Aircraft Observations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 8 (2018): 2523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0270.1.

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Abstract Since the pioneering paper by Nastrom and Gage on aircraft-derived power spectra, significant progress has been made in understanding the wavenumber distribution of energy in Earth’s atmosphere and its implications for the intrinsic limits of weather forecasting. Improvements in tropical cyclone intensity predictions have lagged those of global weather forecasting, and limited intrinsic predictability may be partially responsible. In this study, we construct power spectra from aircraft data of over 1200 missions carried out by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

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Kalavichchi, K. A., and I. L. Bashmachnikov. "On the mechanism of a positive feedback in long-term variations of the convergence of oceanic and atmospheric heat fluxes, and the ice cover in the Barents sea." Известия Российской академии наук. Физика атмосферы и океана 55, no. 6 (2019): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002-3515556171-181.

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This paper presents a study the interannual variability of the convergence oceanic and atmospheric advective heat fluxes in the Barents Sea region for 19932014, using combined in situ, satellite and numerical model-based oceanic and atmospheric data-sets: ARMOR-3D and ERA-Interim. On inter-decadal scales, the leading role of convergence of the oceanic heat flux, and on interannual scale of atmospheric heat flux are demonstrated to play the leading role in variations of the sea-ice area of the Barents Sea. The inter-decadal and the interannual variations of the oceanic heat flux are found to be

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Jiang, ChuanLi, Sarah T. Gille, Janet Sprintall, and Colm Sweeney. "Drake Passage Oceanic pCO2: Evaluating CMIP5 Coupled Carbon–Climate Models Using in situ Observations." Journal of Climate 27, no. 1 (2014): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00571.1.

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Abstract Surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) variations in Drake Passage are examined using decade-long underway shipboard measurements. North of the Polar Front (PF), the observed pCO2 shows a seasonal cycle that peaks annually in August and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)–forced variations are significant. Just south of the PF, pCO2 shows a small seasonal cycle that peaks annually in February, reflecting the opposing effects of changes in SST and DIC in the surface waters. At the PF, the wintertime pCO2 is nearly in equilibrium with the atmosphere, leading to a small sea-to-air CO2

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Yang, Lei, Dongxiao Wang, Jian Huang, et al. "Toward a Mesoscale Hydrological and Marine Meteorological Observation Network in the South China Sea." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 7 (2015): 1117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00159.1.

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Abstract Air–sea interaction in the South China Sea (SCS) has direct impacts on the weather and climate of its surrounding areas at various spatiotemporal scales. In situ observation plays a vital role in exploring the dynamic characteristics of the regional circulation and air–sea interaction. Remote sensing and regional modeling are expected to provide high-resolution data for studies of air–sea coupling; however, careful validation and calibration using in situ observations is necessary to ensure the quality of these data. Through a decade of effort, a marine observation network in the SCS

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Xu, Xingkun, Joey J. Voermans, Hongyu Ma, Changlong Guan, and Alexander V. Babanin. "A Wind–Wave-Dependent Sea Spray Volume Flux Model Based on Field Experiments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (2021): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111168.

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Sea spray can contribute significantly to the exchanges of heat and momentum across the air–sea interface. However, while critical, sea spray physics are typically not included in operational atmospheric and oceanic models due to large uncertainties in their parameterizations. In large part, this is because of the scarcity of in-situ sea spray observations which prevent rigorous validation of existing sea spray models. Moreover, while sea spray is critically produced through the fundamental interactions between wind and waves, traditionally, sea spray models are parameterized in terms of wind

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10

Bittig, Henry C., Erik Jacobs, Thomas Neumann, and Gregor Rehder. "A regional pCO₂ climatology of the Baltic Sea from in situ pCO₂ observations and a model-based extrapolation approach." Earth System Science Data 16, no. 2 (2024): 753–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-753-2024.

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Abstract. Ocean surface pCO2 estimates are of great interest for the calculation of air–sea CO2 fluxes, oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, and eventually the Global Carbon Budget. They are accessible from direct observations, which are discrete in space and time and thus always sparse, or from biogeochemical models, which only approximate reality. Here, a combined method for the extrapolation of pCO2 observations is presented that uses (1) model-based patterns of variability from an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of variability with (2) observational data to constrain EOF patte

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11

Li, Meng, Qingsheng Liu, Dewang Yang, et al. "Underwater In Situ Dissolved Gas Detection Based on Multi-Reflection Raman Spectroscopy." Sensors 21, no. 14 (2021): 4831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144831.

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The detection of dissolved gases in seawater plays an important role in oceanic observations and exploration. As a potential technique for oceanic applications, Raman spectroscopy has been successfully applied in hydrothermal vents and cold seep fluids, but it has not yet been used in common seawater due to the technique’s lower sensitivity. In this work, we present a highly sensitive underwater in situ Raman spectroscopy system for dissolved gas detection in common seawater. Considering the difficulty of underwater degassing and in situ detection, we designed a near-concentric cavity to impro

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Sultanov, Ogabek, Safarali Bobojonov, Muntadher MuhssanAlmusawi, Ayyappan V, Dilorom Bobojonova, and Ashu Nayak. "Phytoplankton dynamics and their role in carbon sequestration across different oceanic zones." International Journal of Aquatic Research and Environmental Studies 5, S1 (2025): 132–42. https://doi.org/10.70102/ijares/v5s1/5-s1-14.

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Phytoplankton are key elements in the oceanic carbon cycle. They assist with roughly fifty percent of global productivity and enable carbon storage through the biological pump. This study shows phytoplankton carbon sequestration across spatially discrete oceanic zones: the coastal shelves, the oligotrophic open ocean, and the upwelling systems. To evaluate spatial-temporal variability during 2010-2020, satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentrations (MODIS-AQUA), other datasets, and in-situ observations were integrated with a coupled physical-biogeochemical model. The analysis results display s

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Hua, Bach Lien, Claire Ménesguen, Sylvie Le Gentil, Richard Schopp, Bruno Marsset, and Hidenori Aiki. "Layering and turbulence surrounding an anticyclonic oceanic vortex: in situ observations and quasi-geostrophic numerical simulations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 731 (August 21, 2013): 418–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.369.

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AbstractEvidence of persistent layering, with a vertical stacking of sharp variations in temperature, has been presented recently at the vertical and lateral periphery of energetic oceanic vortices through seismic imaging of the water column. The stacking has vertical scales ranging from a few metres up to 100 m and a lateral spatial coherence of several tens of kilometres comparable with the vortex horizontal size. Inside this layering, in situ data display a $[{ k}_{h}^{- 5/ 3} { k}_{h}^{- 2} ] $ scaling law of horizontal scales for two different quantities, temperature and a proxy for its v

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14

Wang, Zhankun, Korak Saha, Ebenezer S. Nyadjro, Yongsheng Zhang, Boyin Huang, and James Reagan. "Oceanic Responses to the Winter Storm Outbreak of February 2021 in the Gulf of Mexico from In Situ and Satellite Observations." Remote Sensing 15, no. 12 (2023): 2967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15122967.

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Winter storms occur in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) every few years, but there are not many studies on oceanic responses to severe winter storms. Although usually considered less destructive than hurricanes, they can result in cumulative damages. Winter Storm Outbreak of February 2021 (WSO21), the most intense winter storm to impact Texas and the GoM in 30 years, passed over the western GoM and brought severe cold to the GoM coastal regions, which caused a sudden cooling of the ocean surface, resulting in an extensive loss of marine life. In this study, we analyze multiple datasets from both in si

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Clayson, Carol Anne, Luca Centurioni, Meghan F. Cronin, et al. "Super Sites for Advancing Understanding of the Oceanic and Atmospheric Boundary Layers." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 3 (2021): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.11.

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Abstract Air‐sea interactions are critical to large-scale weather and climate predictions because of the ocean's ability to absorb excess atmospheric heat and carbon and regulate exchanges of momentum, water vapor, and other greenhouse gases. These exchanges are controlled by molecular, turbulent, and wave-driven processes in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. Improved understanding and representation of these processes in models are key for increasing Earth system prediction skill, particularly for subseasonal to decadal time scales. Our understanding and ability to model these proc

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Arnold, S. R., D. V. Spracklen, S. Gebhardt, et al. "Relationships between atmospheric organic compounds and air-mass exposure to marine biology." Environmental Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2010): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09144.

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Environmental context.The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and oceans impacts Earth’s climate. Over the remote oceans, marine emissions of organic species may have significant impacts on cloud properties and the atmosphere’s oxidative capacity. Quantifying these emissions and their dependence on ocean biology over the global oceans is a major challenge. Here we present a new method which relates atmospheric abundance of several organic chemicals over the South Atlantic Ocean to the exposure of air to ocean biology over several days before its sampling. Abstract.We have used a Lagrangia

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17

Ross, Tetjana, and Andone Lavery. "Acoustic Detection of Oceanic Double-Diffusive Convection: A Feasibility Study." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 3 (2010): 580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecho696.1.

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Abstract The feasibility of using high-frequency acoustic scattering techniques to map the extent and evolution of the diffusive regime of double-diffusive convection in the ocean is explored. A scattering model developed to describe acoustic scattering from double-diffusive interfaces in the laboratory, which accounted for much of the measured scattering in the frequency range from 200 to 600 kHz, is used in conjunction with published in situ observations of diffusive-convection interfaces to make predictions of acoustic scattering from oceanic double-diffusive interfaces. Detectable levels o

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18

Kuai, L., J. Worden, S. S. Kulawik, S. A. Montzka, and J. Liu. "Characterization of Aura TES carbonyl sulfide retrievals over ocean." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 1 (2014): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-163-2014.

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Abstract. We present a description of the NASA Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) carbonyl sulfide (OCS) retrieval algorithm for oceanic observations, along with evaluation of the biases and uncertainties using aircraft profiles from the HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) campaign and data from the NOAA Mauna Loa site. In general, the OCS retrievals (1) have less than 1.0 degree of freedom for signals (DOFs), (2) are sensitive in the mid-troposphere with a peak sensitivity typically between 300 and 500 hPa, (3) but have much smaller systematic errors from temperature, CO2 and

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19

Liu, Shirong, Wentao Jia, Qianyun Wang, Weimin Zhang, and Huizan Wang. "Enhancing the Resolution of Satellite Ocean Data Using Discretized Satellite Gridding Neural Networks." Remote Sensing 16, no. 16 (2024): 3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16163020.

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Ocean satellite data are often impeded by intrinsic limitations in resolution and accuracy. However, conventional data reconstruction approaches encounter substantial challenges when facing the nonlinear oceanic system and high-resolution fusion of variables. This research presents a Discrete Satellite Gridding Neural Network (DSGNN), a new machine learning method that processes satellite data within a discrete grid framework. By transforming the positional information of grid elements into a standardized vector format, the DSGNN significantly elevates the accuracy and resolution of data fusio

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Tegtmeier, S., K. Krüger, B. Quack, I. Pisso, A. Stohl, and X. Yang. "Bridging the gap between bromocarbon oceanic emissions and upper air concentrations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (2012): 4477–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4477-2012.

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Abstract. Oceanic emissions of halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLS) are expected to contribute significantly to the stratospheric halogen loading and therefore to ozone depletion. Estimates of the amount of VSLS transported into the stratosphere are highly uncertain and based on sporadic observations around the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and on modeling studies which use prescribed emission scenarios to reproduce observed atmospheric concentrations. Actual measurements of VSLS emissions at the ocean surface have not been linked to the stratospheric halogen loading until now. Her

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Genco, M. L., F. Lyard, and C. Le Provost. "The oceanic tides in the South Atlantic Ocean." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 9 (1994): 868–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0868-8.

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Abstract. The finite element ocean tide model of Le Provost and Vincent (1986) has been applied to the simulation of the M2 and K1 components over the South Atlantic Ocean. The discretisation of the domain, of the order of 200 km over the deep ocean, is refined down to 15 km along the coasts, such refinement enables wave propagation and damping over the continental shelves to be correctly solved. The marine boundary conditions, from Dakar to Natal, through the Drake passage and from South Africa to Antarctica, are deduced from in situ data and from Schwiderski's solution and then optimised fol

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Arnold, S. R., D. V. Spracklen, J. Williams, et al. "Evaluation of the global oceanic isoprene source and its impacts on marine organic carbon aerosol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 4 (2009): 1253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1253-2009.

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Abstract. We have combined the first satellite maps of the global distribution of phytoplankton functional type and new measurements of phytoplankton-specific isoprene productivities, with available remote marine isoprene observations and a global model, to evaluate our understanding of the marine isoprene source and its impacts on organic aerosol abundances. Using satellite products to scale up data on phytoplankton-specific isoprene productivity to the global oceans, we infer a mean "bottom-up" oceanic isoprene emission of 0.31±0.08 (1σ) Tg/yr. By minimising the mean bias between the model a

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23

Zhang, Jinlun. "Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions." Journal of Climate 20, no. 11 (2007): 2515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4136.1.

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Abstract Estimates of sea ice extent based on satellite observations show an increasing Antarctic sea ice cover from 1979 to 2004 even though in situ observations show a prevailing warming trend in both the atmosphere and the ocean. This riddle is explored here using a global multicategory thickness and enthalpy distribution sea ice model coupled to an ocean model. Forced by the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, the model simulates an increase of 0.20 × 1012 m3 yr−1 (1.0% yr−1) in total Antarctic sea ice volume and 0.084 × 1012 m2 yr−1 (0.6% yr−1) in sea ice extent from 1979 to 2004 when the satellit

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Cao, Anzhou, Zheng Guo, Yunhe Pan, Jinbao Song, Hailun He, and Peiliang Li. "Near-Inertial Waves Induced by Typhoon Megi (2010) in the South China Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040440.

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Near-inertial waves (NIWs) are a kind of internal wave, which are usually generated by synoptic wind forcing and play an important role in the oceanic energy budget. However, the lack of in situ observations limits our understanding of NIWs to some extent. Through a comparison with in situ observations, in this study, we first showed that the hybrid coordinate ocean model reanalysis results could reasonably reproduce the typhoon-induced NIWs, and we then adopted these data to investigate the NIWs induced by typhoon Megi in 2010 in the South China Sea (SCS). The results indicate that Megi-induc

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Clark, Elizabeth A., Justin Sheffield, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Bart Nijssen, and Dennis P. Lettenmaier. "Continental Runoff into the Oceans (1950–2008)." Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no. 4 (2015): 1502–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0183.1.

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Abstract A common term in the continental and oceanic components of the global water cycle is freshwater discharge to the oceans. Many estimates of the annual average global discharge have been made over the past 100 yr with a surprisingly wide range. As more observations have become available and continental-scale land surface model simulations of runoff have improved, these past estimates are cast in a somewhat different light. In this paper, a combination of observations from 839 river gauging stations near the outlets of large river basins is used in combination with simulated runoff field

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Millet, D. B., D. J. Jacob, T. G. Custer, et al. "New constraints on terrestrial and oceanic sources of atmospheric methanol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (2008): 7609–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-7609-2008.

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Abstract. We use a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret new aircraft, surface, and oceanic observations of methanol in terms of the constraints that they place on the atmospheric methanol budget. Recent measurements of methanol concentrations in the ocean mixed layer (OML) imply that in situ biological production must be the main methanol source in the OML, dominating over uptake from the atmosphere. It follows that oceanic emission and uptake must be viewed as independent terms in the atmospheric methanol budget. We deduce that the marine biosphere is a large primary s

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Hungershoefer, K., F. M. Breon, P. Peylin, et al. "Evaluation of various observing systems for the global monitoring of CO<sub>2</sub> surface fluxes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 8 (2010): 18561–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-18561-2010.

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Abstract. In the context of raising greenhouse gas concentrations, and the potential feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle, there is an urgent need to monitor the exchanges of carbon between the atmosphere and both the ocean and the land surfaces. In the so-called top-down approach, the surface fluxes of CO2 are inverted from the observed spatial and temporal concentration gradients. The concentrations of CO2 are measured in-situ at a number of surface stations unevenly distributed over the Earth while several satellite missions may be used to provide a dense and better-distributed se

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Hungershoefer, K., F. M. Breon, P. Peylin, et al. "Evaluation of various observing systems for the global monitoring of CO<sub>2</sub> surface fluxes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 21 (2010): 10503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10503-2010.

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Abstract. In the context of rising greenhouse gas concentrations, and the potential feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle, there is an urgent need to monitor the exchanges of carbon between the atmosphere and both the ocean and the land surfaces. In the so-called top-down approach, the surface fluxes of CO2 are inverted from the observed spatial and temporal concentration gradients. The concentrations of CO2 are measured in-situ at a number of surface stations unevenly distributed over the Earth while several satellite missions may be used to provide a dense and better-distributed set

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Friederich, W., L. Lambrecht, B. Stöckhert, S. Wassmann, and C. Moos. "Seismic visibility of a deep subduction channel: insights from numerical simulation of high-frequency seismic waves emitted from intermediate depth earthquakes." Solid Earth Discussions 5, no. 2 (2013): 1461–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-5-1461-2013.

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Abstract. Return flow in a deep subduction channel (DSC) has been proposed to explain rapid exhumation of high pressure-low temperature metamorphic rocks, entirely based on the fossil rock record. Supported by thermo-mechanical models, the DSC is envisioned as a thin layer on top of the subducted plate reaching down to minimum depths of about 150 km. We perform numerical simulations of high-frequency seismic wave propagation (1 to 6 Hz) to explore potential seismological evidence for the in-situ existence of a DSC. Motivated by field observations, for modeling purposes we assume a simple block

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Mayer, Michael, Steffen Tietsche, Leopold Haimberger, Takamasa Tsubouchi, Johannes Mayer, and Hao Zuo. "An Improved Estimate of the Coupled Arctic Energy Budget." Journal of Climate 32, no. 22 (2019): 7915–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0233.1.

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Abstract This study combines state-of-the-art reanalyses such as the fifth-generation European Re-Analysis (ERA5) and the Ocean Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5) with novel observational products to present an updated estimate of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice Arctic energy budget, including flux and storage terms covering 2001–17. Observational products provide independent estimates of crucial budget terms, including oceanic heat transport from unique mooring-derived data, radiative fluxes from satellites, and sea ice volume from merged satellite data. Results show that the time averages of i

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Bousquet, Olivier, Guilhem Barruol, Emmanuel Cordier, et al. "Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Inhabited Areas of the SWIO Basin at Present and Future Horizons. Part 1: Overview and Observing Component of the Research Project RENOVRISK-CYCLONE." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050544.

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The international research program “ReNovRisk-CYCLONE” (RNR-CYC, 2017–2021) directly involves 20 partners from 5 countries of the south-west Indian-Ocean. It aims at improving the observation and modelling of tropical cyclones in the south-west Indian Ocean, as well as to foster regional cooperation and improve public policies adapted to present and future tropical cyclones risk in this cyclonic basin. This paper describes the structure and main objectives of this ambitious research project, with emphasis on its observing components, which allowed integrating numbers of innovative atmospheric

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Xu, Weishuai, Lei Zhang, Xiaodong Ma, Ming Li, and Zhongshan Yao. "The Parameterized Oceanic Front-Guided PIX2PIX Model: A Limited Data-Driven Approach to Oceanic Front Sound Speed Reconstruction." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 11 (2024): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12111918.

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In response to the demand for high-precision acoustic support under the condition of limited data, this study utilized high-resolution reanalysis data and in situ observation data to extract the Kuroshio Extension Front (KEF) section through front-line identification methods. By combining the parameterized oceanic front model and the statistical features of big data, the parameterized oceanic front was reconstructed. A proxy dataset was generated using the Latin hypercube sampling method, and the sound speed reconstruction model based on the PIX2PIX model was trained and validated using single

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Hernandez, Maximiliano Manuel, Sofía Copello, Alexander Borowicz, and Juan Pablo Seco-Pon. "Distribution extension of the Spectacled Petrel (Procellaria conspicillata) off the Argentine continental shelf and oceanic adjacent waters." Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 27, no. 2 (2019): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03544460.

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AbstractThe Spectacled Petrel Procellaria conspicillata is endemic of the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago, in the South Atlantic Ocean. However, it is scarcely detected in waters off Argentina beyond its traditional distribution along the southwest Atlantic during the breeding season. This study compiles distributional records of Spectacled Petrel for the target area (chiefly between 38°S to 46°S and 23°W to 57°W) obtained in situ, from non-systematic observations at sea, between 2015 and 2018 (totaling 4 trips); and by literature review. Nineteen new sightings of the species are presented. In 46

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Moradi, M., and K. Kabiri. "EVALUATION OF STANDARD OCEAN COLOUR CHLOROPHYLL-a ALGORITHMS IN THE NORTHERN PERSIN GULF: COMPARISON OF MAGNITUDE AND SEASONALITY." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W1-2022 (January 14, 2023): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w1-2022-531-2023.

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Abstract. The Persian Gulf is a peripheral sea that is quite turbid and visually complicated. Because of the complicated oceanic and atmospheric optical features of this maritime area, satellite remotely sensed chlorophyll-a (Chl-a, mg m−3) outputs have been used extensively. In this study, the seasonality and magnitude of Level-3 Chl-a time-series products, and daily Level-2 satellite-derived Chl-a concentrations were assessed using corresponding/concurrent in-situ observations gathered during 2008 to 2018. The results revealed that the field observations overestimated satellite-derived Chl-a

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Dziadek, Ricarda, Mechthild Doll, Fynn Warnke, and Vera Schlindwein. "Towards Closing the Polar Gap: New Marine Heat Flow Observations in Antarctica and the Arctic Ocean." Geosciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010011.

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The thermal state of the lithosphere and related geothermal heat flow (GHF) is a crucial parameter to understand a variety of processes related to cryospheric, geospheric, and/or biospheric interactions. Indirect estimates of GHF in polar regions from magnetic, seismological, or petrological data often show large discrepancies when compared to thermal in situ observations. Here, the lack of in situ data represents a fundamental limitation for both investigating thermal processes of the lithosphere and validating indirect heat flow estimates. During RV Polarstern expeditions PS86 and PS118, we

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Millet, D. B., D. J. Jacob, T. G. Custer, et al. "New constraints on terrestrial and oceanic sources of atmospheric methanol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 23 (2008): 6887–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6887-2008.

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Abstract. We use a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret new aircraft, surface, and oceanic observations of methanol in terms of the constraints that they place on the atmospheric methanol budget. Recent measurements of methanol concentrations in the ocean mixed layer (OML) imply that in situ biological production must be the main methanol source in the OML, dominating over uptake from the atmosphere. It follows that oceanic emission and uptake must be viewed as independent terms in the atmospheric methanol budget. We deduce that the marine biosphere is a large primary s

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Cavan, Emma L., Stephanie A. Henson, Anna Belcher, and Richard Sanders. "Role of zooplankton in determining the efficiency of the biological carbon pump." Biogeosciences 14, no. 1 (2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-177-2017.

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Abstract. The efficiency of the ocean's biological carbon pump (BCPeff – here the product of particle export and transfer efficiencies) plays a key role in the air–sea partitioning of CO2. Despite its importance in the global carbon cycle, the biological processes that control BCPeff are poorly known. We investigate the potential role that zooplankton play in the biological carbon pump using both in situ observations and model output. Observed and modelled estimates of fast, slow, and total sinking fluxes are presented from three oceanic sites: the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, the te

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Pitarch, Jaime, Marco Bellacicco, Emanuele Organelli, et al. "Retrieval of Particulate Backscattering Using Field and Satellite Radiometry: Assessment of the QAA Algorithm." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010077.

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Particulate optical backscattering (bbp) is a crucial parameter for the study of ocean biology and oceanic carbon estimations. In this work, bbp retrieval, by the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA), is assessed using a large in situ database of matched bbp and remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs). The QAA is also applied to satellite Rrs (ESA OC-CCI project) as well, after their validation against in situ Rrs. Additionally, the effect of Raman Scattering on QAA retrievals is studied. Results show negligible biases above random noise when QAA-derived bbp is compared to in situ bbp. In addition, Rrs f

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Neitzel, Philipp, Aino Hosia, Uwe Piatkowski, and Henk-Jan Hoving. "Pelagic deep-sea fauna observed on video transects in the southern Norwegian Sea." Polar Biology 44, no. 5 (2021): 887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02840-5.

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AbstractObservations of the diversity, distribution and abundance of pelagic fauna are absent for many ocean regions in the Atlantic, but baseline data are required to detect changes in communities as a result of climate change. Gelatinous fauna are increasingly recognized as vital players in oceanic food webs, but sampling these delicate organisms in nets is challenging. Underwater (in situ) observations have provided unprecedented insights into mesopelagic communities in particular for abundance and distribution of gelatinous fauna. In September 2018, we performed horizontal video transects

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Livanou, Eleni, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Stella Psarra, et al. "Evaluating MULTIOBS Chlorophyll-a with Ground-Truth Observations in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea." Remote Sensing 16, no. 24 (2024): 4705. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244705.

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Satellite-derived observations of ocean colour provide continuous data on chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) at global scales but are limited to the ocean’s surface. So far, biogeochemical models have been the only means of generating continuous vertically resolved Chl-a profiles on a regular grid. MULTIOBS is a multi-observations oceanographic dataset that provides depth-resolved biological data based on merged satellite- and Argo-derived in situ hydrological data. This product is distributed by the European Union’s Copernicus Marine Service and offers global multiyear, gridded Chl-a profile

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Pensieri, Sara, Roberto Bozzano, Jeffrey A. Nystuen, Emmanouil N. Anagnostou, Marios N. Anagnostou, and Renzo Bechini. "Underwater Acoustic Measurements to Estimate Wind and Rainfall in the Mediterranean Sea." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/612512.

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Oceanic ambient noise measurements can be analyzed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about wind and rainfall phenomena over the ocean filling the existing gap of reliable meteorological observations at sea. The Ligurian Sea Acoustic Experiment was designed to collect long-term synergistic observations from a passive acoustic recorder and surface sensors (i.e., buoy mounted rain gauge and anemometer and weather radar) to support error analysis of rainfall rate and wind speed quantification techniques developed in past studies. The study period included combination of high and l

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Centurioni, Luca, Sidney Thurston, and Theresa Paluszkiewicz. "Sustained Open Access Global Wave Observations for Science and Society." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 3 (2021): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.21.

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Abstract Studies of the generation and propagation of surface waves in the open ocean have been traditionally supported by sparse observations. Wave climatology is only known through data from expensive and heavy open ocean moorings, often not optimized for observing surface waves, coastal wave observing networks, or from satellites that can only measure the wave's amplitude. Yet, knowledge of wave physics is of fundamental importance to understand how the ocean and the atmosphere are coupled and to quantify, for example, exchanges of gas and momentum. Of similar importance is understanding ho

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Fernandoy, Francisco, Dieter Tetzner, Hanno Meyer, et al. "New insights into the use of stable water isotopes at the northern Antarctic Peninsula as a tool for regional climate studies." Cryosphere 12, no. 3 (2018): 1069–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1069-2018.

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Abstract. Due to recent atmospheric and oceanic warming, the Antarctic Peninsula is one of the most challenging regions of Antarctica to understand in terms of both local- and regional-scale climate signals. Steep topography and a lack of long-term and in situ meteorological observations complicate the extrapolation of existing climate models to the sub-regional scale. Therefore, new techniques must be developed to better understand processes operating in the region. Isotope signals are traditionally related mainly to atmospheric conditions, but a detailed analysis of individual components can

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Jackson, Darren L., and Gary A. Wick. "Near-Surface Air Temperature Retrieval Derived from AMSU-A and Sea Surface Temperature Observations." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 10 (2010): 1769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1414.1.

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Abstract A 10-m air temperature (Ta) retrieval using Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A (AMSU-A) and satellite-derived sea surface temperature (Ts) observations is presented. The multivariable linear regression retrieval uses AMSU-A brightness temperatures from the 52.8- and 53.6-GHz channels and satellite-derived daily sea surface temperatures to determine Ta. A regression error of 0.83°C using 841 matched satellite and ship observations demonstrates a high-quality fit of the satellite observations with in situ Ta. Validation of the retrieval using independent International Comprehensive Ocea

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Özgökmen, Tamay M., Francisco J. Beron-Vera, Darek Bogucki, et al. "Research Overview of the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE)." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 544–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.544.

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ABSTRACT CARTHE (http://carthe.org/) is a Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) consortium established through a competitive peer-reviewed selection process. CARTHE comprises 26 principal investigators from 14 universities and research institutions distributed across four Gulf of Mexico states and other four states. It fuses into one group investigators with unique scientific and technical knowledge and extensive publications related to oil fate/transport processes, oceanic and atmospheric turbulence, air-sea interactions, tropical cyclones and winter storms, and coastal and nearshore mod

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Gautier, Catherine, Peter Peterson, and Charles Jones. "Variability of Air–Sea Interactions over the Indian Ocean Derived from Satellite Observations." Journal of Climate 11, no. 8 (1998): 1859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-11.8.1859.

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Abstract Novel ways of monitoring the large-scale variability of the southwest monsoon in the Indian Ocean are presented using multispectral satellite datasets. The fields of sea surface temperature (SST), surface latent heat flux (LHF), net surface solar radiation (SW), precipitation (P), and SW − LHF over the Indian Ocean are analyzed to characterize the seasonal and interannual variability with special emphasis on the period 1988–90. It is shown that satellite data are able to make a significant contribution to the multiplatform strategy necessary to describe the large-scale spatial and tem

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Matsumoto, G. I., and G. R. Harbison. "In situ observations of foraging, feeding, and escape behavior in three orders of oceanic ctenophores: Lobata, Cestida, and Beroida." Marine Biology 117, no. 2 (1993): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00345673.

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Chen, Xin, Chen Wang, Huimin Li, and Yijun He. "Improving the Reconstruction of Vertical Temperature Profiles on Account of Oceanic Front Impacts." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (2022): 4821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194821.

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The application of remote sensing observations in estimating ocean sub-surface temperatures has been widely adopted. Machine learning-based methods in particular are gaining more and more interest. While there is promising relevant progress, most temperature profile reconstruction models are still built upon the gridded Argo data regardless of the impacts of mesoscale oceanic processes. As a follow-on to the previous study that demonstrates the influence of ocean fronts is negligible, we focus on the improvement of temperature profile reconstruction by introducing the sea surface temperature (

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Kobayashi, Chiaki, Yosuke Fujii, and Ichiro Ishikawa. "Intraseasonal SST–precipitation relationship in a coupled reanalysis experiment using the MRI coupled atmosphere–ocean data assimilation system." Climate Dynamics 56, no. 7-8 (2021): 2377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05592-w.

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AbstractTo evaluate the atmosphere–ocean coupled data assimilation system developed at the Meteorological Research Institute, the lead-lag relation between the intraseasonal variations (with a time scale of 20–100 days) in precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) is examined in the tropics. It is shown that the relationship over the tropical western Pacific in the coupled reanalysis experiment (CDA) follows the observed relationship more closely than that in the uncoupled reanalysis experiment (UCPL). However, the lead-lag correlations with the observed SST are almost identical between

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Yuter, Sandra E., Robert A. Houze, Eric A. Smith, Thomas T. Wilheit, and Edward Zipser. "Physical Characterization of Tropical Oceanic Convection Observed in KWAJEX." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44, no. 4 (2005): 385–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2206.1.

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Abstract The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) was designed to obtain an empirical physical characterization of precipitating convective clouds over the tropical ocean. Coordinated datasets were collected by three aircraft, one ship, five upper-air sounding sites, and a variety of continuously recording remote and in situ surface-based sensors, including scanning Doppler radars, profilers, disdrometers, and rain gauges. This paper describes the physical characterization of the Kwajalein cloud population that has emerged from analyses of datasets that were

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