Relevant bibliographies by topics / In situ soil mixing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'In situ soil mixing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "In situ soil mixing"

1

Evans, C. W. "In situ soil mixing treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater: two case studies." Land Contamination & Reclamation 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2462/09670513.705.

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Almadani, Emine, and Kaveh Dehghanian. "Numerical Analysis of Soft Soils Reinforced with Deep Mixing Column." Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v1i1.205.

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The deep mixing method is an in-situ soil improvement method in which the soil is mixed with cement and other binding materials. Within the scope of this study, two-dimensional numerical analyzes of a reinforced soil by deep mixing columns were carried out. Two different soft clay soil properties (Model 1 and Model 2) were used in the analyses. Analysis of two-dimensional models was done with PLAXIS 2D finite element program. The deformations, consolidation and compression obtained from Mohr-Coulomb and soft soil models were compared. The effects of soil properties and the length of the column, modulus of elasticity, diameter and distance between them were investigated for two models. As a result, it is thought that two-dimensional analyzes together with the modeling that will reflect the current site conditions can give reasonably realistic results if the soil properties are selected well and correctly before the construction phase.
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Do, Jinung. "Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062811.

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Most existing railroads are composed of gravel ballast. One of the major issues with gravel ballast is frost damage in cold regions. Gravelly soils are known to be not prone to frost action due to their low water retention capacity and high hydraulic conductivity. However, reports indicated continued frost damages resulting from the mixed zone between gravel ballast and subgrade. This study evaluated the frost heaving and induced pressure of gravel ballast–subgrade soil mixtures via 1D soil column testing in a cold chamber. Gravel ballast and subgrade soil were collected from the railroad in situ. Various mixing ratios and degrees of saturation were used as factors affecting the frost experiments. The mixtures were placed in the cold chamber, and vertical displacements and pressures were measured. Overall evaluations showed that gravelly soils are not a geomaterial prone to frost damage; however, the frost potential of gravel ballast increases as the degree of saturation and the mixing portion of the subgrade soil increase. Therefore, the interfacial zone between gravel ballast and subgrade soil, especially where possible mixing with low drainage exists, needs cautions of potential frost damage.
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Higaki, Kanji, Takao Iwasaki, Tohru Sueoka, and Tetsuo Nagatoh. "In Situ Cleanup of VOCs Contaminated Cohesive Soil by Lime Mixing." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 546 (1996): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1996.546_113.

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KRAUSE, H. H., and D. RAMLAL. "IN SITU NUTRIENT EXTRACTION BY RESIN FROM FORESTED, CLEAR-CUT AND SITE-PREPARED SOIL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-089.

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Anion and cation resins were tested as sinks for nutrient ions under variable forest soil conditions. The resins, contained in nylon bags, were placed for periods of 4 wk below the forest floor of a softwood stand, and at approximately 7.5 cm depth on an adjacent clearcut with two different types of site preparation for tree planting. The soil was an Orthic Humo-ferric Podzol. Ion sorption below the forest floor, especially the sorption of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate, was strongly increased after clear-cutting of the forest. Sorption rates were generally lower in the mineral soil than immediately below the forest floor, except for nitrate and sulphate. Mixing of forest floor materials and fine logging debris into the mineral surface horizons generally increased resin sorption if compared to sorption in soil from which the forest floor had been removed. Resin sorption also revealed strong seasonal effects which may have been caused by changes in soil temperature and moisture. Key words: Ion exchange resin, forest soil fertility, seasonal nutrient fluctuation, site preparation
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Hines, Mark E., Patrick M. Crill, Ruth K. Varner, Robert W. Talbot, Joanne H. Shorter, Charles E. Kolb, and Robert C. Harriss. "Rapid Consumption of Low Concentrations of Methyl Bromide by Soil Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 1864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.5.1864-1870.1998.

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ABSTRACT A dynamic dilution system for producing low mixing ratios of methyl bromide (MeBr) and a sensitive analytical technique were used to study the uptake of MeBr by various soils. MeBr was removed within minutes from vials incubated with soils and ∼10 parts per billion by volume of MeBr. Killed controls did not consume MeBr, and a mixture of the broad-spectrum antibiotics chloramphenicol and tetracycline inhibited MeBr uptake by 98%, indicating that all of the uptake of MeBr was biological and by bacteria. Temperature optima for MeBr uptake suggested a biological sink, yet soil moisture and temperature optima varied for different soils, implying that MeBr consumption activity by soil bacteria is diverse. The eucaryotic antibiotic cycloheximide had no effect on MeBr uptake, indicating that soil fungi were not involved in MeBr removal. MeBr consumption did not occur anaerobically. A dynamic flowthrough vial system was used to incubate soils at MeBr mixing ratios as low as those found in the remote atmosphere (5 to 15 parts per trillion by volume [pptv]). Soils consumed MeBr at all mixing ratios tested. Temperate forest and grassy lawn soils consumed MeBr most rapidly (rate constant [k] = 0.5 min−1), yet sandy temperate, boreal, and tropical forest soils also readily consumed MeBr. Amendments of CH4 up to 5% had no effect on MeBr uptake even at CH4:MeBr ratios of 107, and depth profiles of MeBr and CH4consumption exhibited very different vertical rate optima, suggesting that methanotrophic bacteria, like those presently in culture, do not utilize MeBr when it is at atmospheric mixing ratios. Data acquired with gas flux chambers in the field demonstrated the very rapid in situ consumption of MeBr by soils. Uptake of MeBr at mixing ratios found in the remote atmosphere occurs via aerobic bacterial activity, displays first-order kinetics at mixing ratios from 5 pptv to ∼1 part per million per volume, and is rapid enough to account for 25% of the global annual loss of atmospheric MeBr.
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Pietrzak, U., and N. C. Uren. "Remedial options for copper-contaminated vineyard soils." Soil Research 49, no. 1 (2011): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09200.

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Total copper concentrations in some Victorian vineyard soils, due to the use of copper (Cu)-based fungicides, have increased to the point where remedial strategies need to be considered to avoid Cu toxicity. In Australia, the National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure recommends that total Cu concentrations in soil exceeding the threshold concentration of 100 mg/kg require environmental investigation. However, it is likely that some Cu-contaminated soils, to be used for horticultural purposes, will need to be remediated even if the total Cu concentration is <100 mg/kg. This paper examines some prospective remedial strategies for Cu-contaminated vineyard soils and demonstrates that, apart from stopping the addition of Cu, in situ remedial strategies are the only practical remedial options for Cu-contaminated vineyard soils. Active mixing, both lateral and vertical, of contaminated surface soil with less contaminated or uncontaminated deeper soil is an in situ and well-suited remedial option for most low and medium Cu-contaminated vineyard soils. The strategy relies on attenuation processes to be more effective. Other ameliorative strategies with potential as remedial options for low and medium Cu-contaminated soils, including phytoremediation and attenuation (liming and addition of organic matter), are also considered.
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La Mori, Phillip, Elgin Kirkland, Harlan Faircloth, Robert Bogert, and Mark Kershner. "Combined thermal and zero-valent iron In Situ soil mixing remediation technology." Remediation Journal 20, no. 2 (March 2010): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.20237.

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Simon, John A. "Editor’s Perspective-Soil Mixing Gains Popularity as an In Situ Treatment Technology." Remediation Journal 23, no. 2 (March 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.21344.

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Kitazume, Masaki. "Recent Development and Future Perspectives of Quality Control and Assurance for the Deep Mixing Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 1, 2021): 9155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199155.

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The deep mixing method (DMM), an in situ soil stabilization technique, was developed in Japan and Nordic countries in the 1970s and has gained increased popularity in many countries. The quality of stabilized soil depends upon many factors, including its type and condition, the type and amount of binder, and the production process. Quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) practices focus on stabilized soil, and comprises laboratory mix tests, field trial tests, monitoring and controlling construction parameters, and verification. QC/QA is one of the major concerns for clients and engineers who have less experience with the relevant technologies. In this manuscript, the importance of QC/QA-related activities along the workflow of deep mixing projects is emphasized based on the Japanese experience/results with mechanical mixing technology by vertical shaft mixing tools with horizontal rotating circular mixing blade. The current and recent developments of QC/QA are also presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In situ soil mixing"

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Ranjbar, Pouya Kaveh. "Lime stabilisation of an Australian silty clay and its application in construction of excavation retaining walls by cutter soil mixing." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/166885.

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Coode Island Silt (CIS) is one of the predominant geological units in Melbourne, Australia. Having high compressibility and low shear strength, CIS is considered a problematic soft soil that challenges the construction of infrastructure in the region. To tackle such challenges, one practical approach is the application of ground improvement techniques such as in situ soil mixing. This PhD study focuses on the application of Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM) for the construction of excavation retaining walls in CIS. Although cement is widely used in most CSM projects, this study investigates the suitability of different lime types available in the Australian market as a potential alternative to cement for the stabilisation of CIS. To investigate the effect of lime stabilisation, a comprehensive geotechnical characterisation of untreated and lime treated CIS is performed. Four different lime types are used: agricultural lime, quicklime, hydrated lime and slag lime. Based on the results obtained from strength tests, slag lime was found to be the most effective among the four types that were tested. The optimum slag lime to CIS ratio is then found for the construction of retaining walls in CIS. Having the geotechnical characterisation of untreated and treated CIS from the laboratory experiments, a series of two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) analyses were conducted to investigate the applicability and reliability of the selected mixing ratio for the construction of CSM excavation retaining walls in CIS. A nonlinear constitutive soil model was employed, calibrated and verified to be used in FEM analyses to investigate both the stability factor of safety and excavation-induced deformations. The results obtained for both undrained and fully coupled flow deformation analyses prove that CSM panels can be constructed by mixing slag lime and CIS to act as retaining walls to allow for deep excavation in CIS.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Baker, Spencer Dean. "Laboratory Evaluation of Organic Soil Mixing." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5640.

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Organic soils present a difficult challenge for roadway designers and construction due to the high compressibility of the soil structure, the often associated high water table, and the high moisture content. For other soft or loose soils (inorganic soils), stabilization via cement or similar binders (a method called soil mixing) has proven to be an effective solution. To this end, the Federal Highway Administration has published a comprehensive design manual for these techniques. Organic soils, however, are not addressed therein to a level of confidence for design, as organic soils do not follow the trends of inorganic soils. This has been attributed to the high porosity, high water content, and high levels of humic acids common to organic soils. This thesis presents the findings from a literature search, laboratory bench tests, large scale laboratory tests, and concludes with recommendations for design involving soil mixing applications in highly organic soils. Laboratory tests (bench tests) were performed to assess the effect of cementitious binder type, binder content, mixing method, organic content, and curing time on strength gain. This phase involved over 500 test where in all cases, specimens with organic content higher than approximately 10% required disproportionally more cement for the same strength gain when compared to inorganic or low organic content samples. Using the findings of the bench tests, a 1/10th scale test bed was built in which soil containing approximately 44% organics was placed and conditioned with rain water. The dimensions of the bed accommodated three side-by-side tests wherein dry and wet soil mixing were performed each on one third of the bed. The remaining third of the bed was left untreated. Load tests were then performed on the three portions of the bed where the load for a simulated roadway was placed. These loads were left in place for several weeks and monitored for movement. Results showed improvement for the treated portions relative to the untreatment with virtually identical response coming from both dry and wet methods (both used identical amounts of cement per volume). The findings of this thesis suggest that the adverse effects of organic soils can be combatted where more cement content is required to bring the water / cement ratio down to acceptable levels and even more cement is required to offset the acidity. While this has been a recurring observation of past researchers, a cement factor threshold was defined by experimental data below which no strength gain was achieved. This threshold was then defined as a cement factor offset above which the measured strengths matched well with other soil types. As a result, a recommended approach for designing soil mixing applications in organic soils was developed.
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Douglass, James F. "Biomineralization of atrazine and analysis of 16S rRNA and catabolic genes of atrazine-degraders in a former pesticide mixing and machinery washing area at a farm site and in a constructed wetland." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440373757.

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Costello, Kelly. "Full Scale Evaluation of Organic Soil Mixing." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6076.

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Soil mixing is a procedure that has proven to be effective for loose or soft compressible soils. The method stabilizes the soil in-place using specialized augers, tillers, or paddles that inject grout or dry cementitious powders as part of the mixing process. The Federal Highway Administration design manual for soil mixing helps to estimate the required amount of cementitious binder to produce a target design strength. However, it is biased towards inorganic soils and only mentions caution when confronting organic soils which usually come with a high water table, moisture content and void volume. The Swedish Deep Stabilization Research Centre cited studies with highly organic soils in regards to soil mixing and suggested that organic soils may need to reach a ‘threshold’ of cement content before strength gain can occur. The University of South Florida also conducted a study on highly organic soils and was able to confirm this concept. USF also proposed a threshold selection curve based on the organic content. This thesis extends this concept to the bench scale testing of multiple full scale field studies. This thesis will conclude with the presentation of new threshold curves based on the new data from the added field case studies. Given that there were variable binders and soil types used in the data analyzed, these threshold curves are dependent upon soil type and binder type, thus expanding upon the curve previously suggested.
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Bennett, Michael Dever. "Effect of Concentration of Sphagnum Peat Moss on Strength of Binder-Treated Soil." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93210.

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Organic soils are formed as deceased plant and animal wildlife is deposited and decomposed in wet environs. These soils have loose structures, low undrained strengths, and high natural water contents, and require improvement before they can be used as foundation materials. Previous researchers have found that the deep mixing method effectively improves organic soils. This study presents a quantitative and reliable method for predicting the strength of one organic soil treated with deep mixing. For this thesis, organic soils were manufactured from commercially available components. Soil-binder mixture specimens with different values of organic matter content, OM, binder content, water-to-binder ratio, and curing time were tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Least-squares regression was used to fit a predictive equation, modified from the findings of previous researchers, to this data. The equation estimates the UCS of a deep-mixed organic soil specimen using its total water-to-binder ratio and mixture dry unit weight. Soil OM is incorporated into the equation as a threshold binder content, aT, required to improve a soil with a given OM; the aT term is used to calculate an effective total water-to-binder ratio. This thesis reached several important conclusions. The modified equation was successfully fitted to the data, meaning that the UCS of some organic soil-binder mixtures may be predicted in the same manner as that of inorganic soil-binder mixtures. The fitting coefficients from the predictive equations indicated that for the soils and binder tested, specimens of organic soil-binder mixtures have a greater relative gain of UCS immediately after mixing compared to specimens of inorganic soil-binder mixtures. However, the inorganic mixtures generally have a greater relative gain of UCS during the curing period. The influence of curing temperature was found to be similar for organic and inorganic mixtures. For the organic soils and binder tested in this research, aT may be expressed as a linear or power function of OM. For both functions, the value of aT was negligible at values of OM below 45%, which reflects the chemistry of the organic matter in the peat moss. For projects involving deep mixing of organic soils, the predictive equation will be used most effectively by fitting it to the results of bench-scale testing and then checking it against the results of field-scale testing.
Master of Science
Organic soils are formed continuously as matter from deceased organisms – mainly plants – is deposited in wet environs and decomposes. Organic soils are most commonly found in swamps, marshes, and coastal areas. These soils make poor foundation materials due to their low strengths. Deep mixing, or soil mixing, involves introducing a binder like Portland cement or lime into soil and blending the soil and binder together to form columns or blocks. Upon mixing, cementitious reactions occur, and the soil-binder mixture gains strength as it cures. Deep mixing may be performed using either a dry binder, known as dry mixing, or a binder-water slurry, referred to as wet mixing. Deep mixing may be used to treat either inorganic or organic soils to depths of 30 meters or greater. Contractor experience has shown that deep mixing is one of the most effective methods of improving the strength of organic soils. Lab-scale studies (by previous researchers) of wet mixing of inorganic soils have found that the strength of soil-binder mixtures can be expressed as a function of mixture curing time and curing temperature, as well as the quantity of binder used, or binder factor, and the consistency of the binder slurry. No corresponding expression has been generated for wet mixing of organic soils, although many studies on the subject have been performed by previous researchers. The goal of this research was to generate such an expression for one organic soil. The soil used was made of sphagnum peat moss, an organic material commonly found in nature, and an inorganic clay used by previous researchers in studies of deep mixing in inorganic soils. The binder used in this research was a Portland cement. For this research, 43 unique soil-binder mixtures were manufactured. Each mixture involved a unique combination of soil organic matter content, binder factor, and binder slurry consistency. After a soil-binder mixture was made, it was divided, placed into cylindrical molds, and allowed to cure. The temperature of the curing environment of the mixture was monitored. Mixture compressive strength was assessed after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing using two cylindrically molded specimens of the mixture. Data on mixture strength was then evaluated to assess whether it could be expressed as a function of the variables tested. iv This research determined that the strength of at least some organic soils improved with wet mixing can be expressed as a function of soil organic matter content, binder factor, binder slurry consistency, and mixture curing time and curing temperature. The function will likely prove useful to deep mixing contractors, who routinely perform lab-scale deep mixing trials on samples of the soils to be improved in the field. Assuming wet mixing is used, the results of the trials are used to select values of binder factor and binder slurry consistency for the project. The function generated from this research will allow deep mixing contractors to select these values more reliably during the lab-scale phase of their work.
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Tatarniuk, Catherine. "Deep soil mixing as a slope stabilization technique in Northland Allochthon residual clay soil." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9648.

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Road slips are common in Northland Allochthon residual clay soil, and are commonly mitigated using deep soil mixing (DSM). A deficiency in laboratory investigations on Northland Allochthon residual clay and a need for a better understanding of the numerical modelling of DSM columns used to mitigate unstable slopes in this soil type is evident in literature, and has been highlighted by practitioners. This research has aimed to fill aspects of these deficiencies. Field testing and classification tests have provided insight into how the soil varies between sites and with depth, and how in situ testing methods compare to one another. Field testing has also demonstrated that soil property changes around DSM columns have been shown to exist through seismic flat plate dilatometer testing before and after column installation, which has not previously been proven using an in situ method. This is important for practitioners who use DSM to demonstrate the additional soil improvements provided by the columns. The testing of reconstituted soil is fundamental in examining soil behaviour, and this study is the first to examine the triaxial behaviour of reconstituted specimens of Northland Allochthon soil. Laboratory triaxial testing and oedometer testing have allowed for a normalized comparison of the intact strength of Northland Allochthon residual clay soil to its reconstituted state. This work provides an answer to the important question regarding the role of soil structure in this soil type. It was revealed that soil structure results in increased shear strength of the soil, and that this increase is primarily cohesive in nature. The near coincidence of the post-rupture strength of intact specimens with the critical state angle of internal shearing resistance provides support for its use in examining first time slope failures in this soil type. This is an important finding for practitioners, as it demonstrates the value of testing reconstituted specimens, which are much easier to obtain than high quality intact specimens. In addition, relationships between the plasticity index (PI) of the soil and certain soil parameters (and soil behaviour) have been demonstrated to be relevant and useful for this soil type. Soil properties acquired in this study were tabulated along with those from other field sites in Northland Allochthon soil. It was found that there is significant variation between field sites, likely due to varying degrees of weathering, which is an important consideration for practitioners dealing with this soil type. A brief examination of constitutive models for representation of Northland Allochthon residual clay soil have shown that several different models can sufficiently represent the behaviour of this soil. The Mohr-Coulomb model was selected for use in subsequent finite element numerical models. A case study of a road slip at a field site in Northland Allochthon residual clay soil, mitigated using DSM columns, revealed that the use of a pre-existing slip surface after first time failure leads to an improved match between observed field behaviour and the behaviour of the slope as exhibited in a numerical model. This type of failure mechanism has not been previously examined in this soil type, and this case study demonstrates it is a useful approach that should be considered when dealing with second time failure in Northland Allochthon slopes. This numerical model also introduces the replacement ratio method (RRM), a technique used to represent the three dimensional (3D) geometry of the DSM columns in the more commonly used two dimensional (2D) analysis. Examination of laterally loaded DSM columns in plan view, which has not previously been performed in the context of DSM columns, has illustrated how installation effects and column shape influence load displacement curves, and demonstrates the effects of soil arching. This analysis provides practitioners with evidence that improved soil property changes, found to occur around DSM columns, lead to improved DSM column performance. A simplified 3D numerical model of laterally loaded DSM columns, which builds on the ideas developed in the previous two 2D models, has been compared to an identical 2D model. It is shown that the commonly used RRM results in an overestimation of the resisting force provided by the columns as compared to the 3D model. However, this does not necessarily imply that the use of the RRM in an analysis will always result in a safe slope. The degree to which its use will affect the results will depend on the slope geometry, location of the DSM columns, and the type of analysis performed (i.e. factor of safety or deformation based). A modification to the RRM has been proposed. It is recommended that when the DSM column diameter and soil properties are similar to those used in this study, the MRRM developed in this study should be utilized. In circumstances where they differ, it is recommended that practitioners perform a sensitivity analysis using the MRRM developed here as a basis for modifying the RRM in order to determine the extent to which their results are influenced. If the influence is significant, the use of a 3D model should be considered.
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Walter, David J. "Soil enhancement by fluid injection for in situ treatment of contaminated soil." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0008/NQ52695.pdf.

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Zhao, Yueyang. "In situ soil testing for foundation performance prediction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283842.

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Hernandez-Martinez, Francisco Gabriel. "Ground improvement of organic soils using wet deep soil mixing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614153.

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Mendes, Bruno Filipe da Silva Duarte. "Melhoramento de terrenos de fundação através de "cutter soil mixing"." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6921.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil Perfil de Estruturas e Geotecnia (elaborada no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil no âmbito do protocolo entre a FCT-UNL e o LNEC)
A presente dissertação versa o estudo de técnicas de melhoramento de terrenos de fundação através da análise da técnica de Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM). O CSM é uma metodologia de deep mixing, que consiste na utilização do solo como material de construção, através da destruição da sua estrutura e posteriormente promovendo-se a sua mistura com calda de cimento. Inicialmente foi realizada uma recolha bibliográfica da evolução do deep mixing com descrição da técnica de Cutter Soil Mixing, bem como do estado da arte de misturas de solo-cimento do ponto de vista das características mecânicas e físicas das misturas, com ênfase para as misturas com argilas. A recolha bibliográfica é finalizada com a apresentação das técnicas de controlo de qualidade em obras com recurso a deep mixing. Em 2009 o CSM foi introduzido em Portugal como uma solução alternativa de fundação no projecto de reabilitação e reforço do cais entre Santa Apolónia e o Jardim do Tabaco. No Capítulo 5 apresenta-se os resultados do programa de estudo que visou validar a utilização da técnica de CSM, através da realização de ensaios laboratoriais em amostras de massa fresca e em carotes (provenientes dos painéis teste), e em amostras de mistura produzida no LNEC (com utilização de solo proveniente do Jardim do Tabaco). Neste programa laboratorial, procedeu-se ao estudo das características físico-químicas, de resistência e de deformabilidade, com especial enfoque nas respectivas evoluções com o tempo de cura. Com o intuito de complementar os ensaios laboratoriais realizados, foi idealizado um caso de estudo fictício onde foi aferida a capacidade resistente dos painéis de solo-cimento, enquanto elementos de fundação, com base em métodos empíricos e métodos numéricos.
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Books on the topic "In situ soil mixing"

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Rawe, Jim. In situ soil flushing. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, 1991.

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Almar, Otten, ed. In situ soil remediation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

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Rawe, Jim. In situ soil flushing. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, 1991.

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Rawe, Jim. In situ soil flushing. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, 1991.

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Otten, Almar, Arne Alphenaar, Charles Pijls, Frank Spuij, and Han Wit. In Situ Soil Remediation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5594-6.

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Nash, James H. Field studies of in situ soil washing. Cincinnati, OH: Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987.

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name, No. The deep mixing method: Principle, design and construction. Lisse: Balkema, 2001.

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E, Hinchee Robert, ed. In situ thermal technologies for site remediation. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis Publishers, 1993.

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Bruce, Donald A. An introduction to the deep soil mixing methods as used in geotechnical applications. McLean, VA: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Research, Development, and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 2000.

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Farrar, Jeffrey A. Study of in situ testing for evaluation of liquefaction resistance. Denver, Colo: Geotechnical Services Branch, Research and Laboratory Services Division, Denver Office, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "In situ soil mixing"

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Serpico, James J. "Ground Improvement of Titanium Dioxide Waste Spoils and Compressible Organics with In-Situ Mixing with Portland Cement and Surcharging." In Soil Testing, Soil Stability and Ground Improvement, 349–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61902-6_27.

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Evans, Jeffrey, Daniel Ruffing, and David Elton. "Soil mixing." In Fundamentals of Ground Improvement Engineering, 149–92. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367816995-6.

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Hilberts, B., D. H. Eikelboom, J. H. A. M. Verheul, and F. S. Heinis. "In Situ Techniques." In Contaminated Soil, 679–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5181-5_78.

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Rijnaarts, H. H. M., P. G. M. Hesselink, and H. J. Doddema. "Activated In-Situ Bioscreens." In Contaminated Soil ’95, 929–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0421-0_18.

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Urlings, L. G. C. M., V. P. Ackermann, J. C. v. Woudenberg, P. P. v.d. Pijl, and J. J. Gaastra. "In situ cadmium removal." In Contaminated Soil ’88, 911–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2807-7_143.

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Yu, Hai-Sui. "In-Situ Soil Testing." In Cavity Expansion Methods in Geomechanics, 209–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9596-4_8.

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Yoshida, Nozomu. "In Situ Soil Testing." In Seismic Ground Response Analysis, 61–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9460-2_5.

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Otten, Almar, Arne Alphenaar, Charles Pijls, Frank Spuij, and Han Wit. "Processes Underlying in Situ Remediation Techniques." In Soil & Environment, 9–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5594-6_2.

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Schenk, T., and W. Blank. "In-situ-Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons." In Contaminated Soil ’95, 1349–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0421-0_142.

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Koul, Bhupendra, and Pooja Taak. "Ex situ Soil Remediation Strategies." In Biotechnological Strategies for Effective Remediation of Polluted Soils, 39–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2420-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "In situ soil mixing"

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Ishii, Hiroyasu, Tadafumi Fujiwara, Makiko Kobayashi, Tomoyuki Aoki, Hidetake Matsui, Yoji Tateishi, Koichi Suga, Noboru Mikami, and Jun Satoh. "Development of in-Situ Soil Improvement Method using Collapsible Mixing Blades." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3560-9_05-0521.

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Maher, Ali, W. Scott Douglas, Farhad Jafari, and David Yang. "In-Situ Solidification of River Sediments Using Cement Deep Soil Mixing (CDSM)." In GeoCongress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40803(187)252.

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Yuan, Deren, Soheil Nazarian, Raja S. Madhyannapu, and Anand J. Puppala. "Soil Velocity Profiles from In-Situ Seismic Tests at Deep-Mixing Sites." In GeoCongress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40972(311)49.

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Maher, Ali, Vernon Schaefer, and David Yang. "In-Situ Deep Soil Mixing for Solidification of Soft Estuarine Sediments Shear Strength." In GeoCongress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40970(309)84.

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Takahashi, Hiroshi, Satoshi Sekino, and Hisayoshi Hashimoto. "Swirling Flow Effect on Mixing Performance of Excavated Soils and Additives in Soil-Recycling Machine." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45700.

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Recently, an excavated soil-recycling machine has been receiving considerable attentions. The mobile type excavated soil-recycling machine is able to improve the soils by adding the additives such as slaked lime and cement at the construction site. However, not only the mechanical factors such as paddle inclination angle and pitch of the paddle but also the physical properties of the excavated soils affect the mixing performance of the excavated soils and additives. In this sense, experimental investigations are uneconomical and ineffective. This paper concerns with the numerical simulator to analyze the mixing behavior of excavated soils and additives in the soil-recycling machine with dual shafts in order to assist the economical and effective design of the optimum soil-recycling machine. By using the simulator, several simulations were carried out, and the effects of some mechanical parameters such as the paddle inclination angle and pitch of the paddle on the mixing performance were made clear.
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Spagnoli, Giovanni, Paul Doherty, Diego Bellato, and Leonhard Weixler. "Latest Technological Developments in Offshore Deep Mixing for Piled Oil and Gas Platforms." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23045.

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This paper presents some recent technological developments in deep mixing for the offshore sector. Deep mixing methods comprise in-situ soil treatment technologies where binding materials are added and blended with the original soils in order to improve their mechanical properties. The MIxed Drilled Offshore Steel (MIDOS) pile is introduced in this paper, which takes advantage of such deep mixing technologies. The comparison between the API approach and CPT-based methods for the prediction of the pile capacity are provided to validate the capability of the MIDOS pile as a foundational element for oil&gas structures in different geological conditions. The theoretical calculations are intended for initial estimation of pile sizing only and are not intended as a detailed design method.
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Chen, Jian, L. Tony Chen, and Yuen Ping Chan. "A Study of Heaving Material Resulted from Deep Cement Mixing Construction." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 41st Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.126.2.

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The deep cement mixing (DCM) method has been used to form foundations for some of the marine structures in Hong Kong. Injection of cementitious slurry into the seabed will inevitably cause the seabed to rise, resulting in a raised soil-and-cement mixture above the top of DCM clusters, which is referred to as heaving material in this paper. The amount and characteristics of heaving material are influenced by several factors such as soil type, improvement depth and area ratio, cement-water ratio, cement injection pressure and workmanship. Due to its weaker strength, heaving material is conventionally dredged to avoid forming a weak layer in the DCM foundation. This paper aims to investigate how to retain heaving material in the DCM foundation system to avoid both causing pollution and incurring additional costs due to dredging. It has four objectives, namely: firstly, to study its formation mechanism; secondly, to investigate its shear strength characteristics, through the results of various lab and in-situ tests; thirdly, to discuss design and construction considerations concerning heaving material; and finally, to discuss the results of a full scale test involving heaving material. It is shown that heaving material may be retained provided it can meet design requirements.
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Clow, Travis, Jane K. Willenbring, Mirjam Schaller, Joel D. Blum, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg. "COMPARISON OF METEORIC AND IN SITU-PRODUCED 10BE DEPTH PROFILES: EVALUATING EROSION RATES, METEORIC 10BE FLUX, SOIL MIXING, AND STEADY STATE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318681.

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Lo, Dominic O. K., Raymond S. L. Ng, Kian Y. K. Chiu, Victon W. L. Wong, and Dennis K. F. Lau. "Pilot Use of Alternative Compliance Criterion for Cement-soil in a Slope Upgrading Works Project." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.22.

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Currently the General Specifications for Civil Engineering Works stipulates the use of in-situ density tests as compliance criterion for both compacted fill and cement-soil. However, the latter derives its strength from cementation between particles and could exhibit very high strength as opposed to the former whose strength closely relates to its density. Hence, the use of strength as a compliance criterion for cement-soil seems more direct and appropriate. This paper describes the pilot application of unconfined compressive strength as the compliance criterion for cement-soil in a slope upgrading works project. It details the field trial conducted prior to the production run to work out the mixing and placement procedures, the cement content to be adopted and identification of appropriate field control measure to augment the compliance criterion. It also covers the experience gained, the potential benefits of such application and areas where further optimisation could be achieved.
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Kim, YoungSeok, and YongSang Cho. "A Case Study of Retaining Wall with Soil-Cement Mixing Reinforcement for Korean Urban Site." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41107(380)10.

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Reports on the topic "In situ soil mixing"

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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.

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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.

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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.
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Crawford, Ronald L. In Situ Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds in Soil. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada254120.

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Pumfrey, Lisa J., Karl M. Regan, Don L. Crawford, and Ronald L. Crawford. In Situ Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds in Soil. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266231.

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Lee, Linda, Xihong Zhai, and Jaesun Lee. INDOT Guidance Document for In-Situ Soil Flushing. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314230.

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Gardner, F. G., N. Korte, J. Strong-Gunderson, R. L. Siegrist, O. R. West, S. R. Cline, and J. Baker. Implementation of deep soil mixing at the Kansas City Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/303942.

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Regan, A. H., M. E. Palomares, C. Polston, D. E. Rees, W. T. Roybal, and T. J. Ross. In situ RF/microwave remediation of soil experiment overview. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/102158.

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Crawford, Ronald L. Augmentation to in Situ Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds in Soil. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada286498.

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Campbell, B. E., and J. L. Buelt. In situ vitrification of soil from the Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6683931.

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Dev, H., J. Enk, D. Jones, and W. Sabato. Demonstration, Testing, & Evaluation of in Situ Heating of Soil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/766248.

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