Relevant bibliographies by topics / In two ground floors

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'In two ground floors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "In two ground floors"

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Udovicic, Vladimir, Nikola Veselinovic, Dimitrije Maletic, et al. "Radon variability due to floor level in two typical residential buildings in Serbia." Nukleonika 65, no. 2 (2020): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0019.

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AbstractIt is well known that one of the factors that influence the indoor radon variability is the floor level of the buildings. Considering the fact that the main source of indoor radon is radon in soil gas, it is expected that the radon concentration decreases at higher floors. Thus at higher floors the dominant source of radon is originating from building materials, and in some cases there may be deviations from the generally established regularity. In such sense, we chose one freestanding single-family house with loft and other 16-floor high-rise residential building for this study. The indoor radon measurements were performed by two methods: passive and active. We used passive devices based on track-etched detectors: Radtrak2 Radonova. For the short-term indoor radon measurements, we used two active devices: SN1029 and SN1030 (manufactured by Sun Nuclear Corporation). The first device was fixed in the living room at the ground level and the second was moved through the floors of the residential building. Every measuring cycle at the specified floor lasted seven days with the sampling time of 2 h. The results show two different indoor radon behaviours regarding radon variability due to floor level. In the single-family house with loft we registered intense difference between radon concentration in the ground level and loft, while in the high-rise residential building the radon level was almost the same at all floors, and hence we may conclude that radon originated mainly from building materials.
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Leonardi, Federica, Teresa Botti, Giuliana Buresti, et al. "Radon Spatial Variations in University’s Buildings Located in an Italian Karst Region." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (2021): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081048.

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In the framework of a collaboration between INAIL and University of Salento, an indoor radon survey in 54 buildings belonging to the UniSalento University (Southeast Italy) was carried out. The monitored buildings differ by type, construction period, materials, etc., and are located in an area with a morphology characterized mainly by marls, calcareous marls, and calcarenites (karst area). The sample of the survey includes 963 rooms at different floors: it consists in rooms mainly located at ground floor (67%), first floor (12%), and below ground (12%). SSNTD passive dosimeters measured the average radon activity concentration for two consecutive semesters (spring/summer and autumn/winter) from which annual radon averages were estimated for each room. The spatial variability within buildings was investigated in terms of variation between floors and among rooms at the same floor. Data analysis provides evidence that the distributions (in terms of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, median, and geometric mean) of indoor radon annual averages at ground floor and at first floor within building are very similar. This highlights that the karstic characteristics of soil and building materials affect radon levels not only below ground and at ground floor, but also at first floor. Moreover, to evaluate the spatial variability of radon among buildings or floors, the analysis of the distribution of coefficient of variation (CV) was carried out: the results show a low spatial variability with median and average values of CVs ≤ 30% both for the whole building and at different floor levels.
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Tóth, Stanislav, and Jaroslav Vojtuš. "Analysis of Causes of Mold Growth on Residential Building Envelopes in Central City Zone of Košice." Advanced Materials Research 969 (June 2014): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.969.28.

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Water may easily penetrate into a walling in two stages, in a vapor phase and liquid phase. Externally it makes itself as a typical dark moist map, painting and plaster gradual destruction and subsequently even walling decomposition. Mentioned phenomena further affects indoor environment relative humidity, especially in a basement floor, in floors partially embedded into ground, but also in ground floors. Buildings are unusable from statically and hygienic points of view by a high humidity combined with high salinity, biologic offenders and often water free inflowing.
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Brzyski, Grudzińska, and Majerek. "Analysis of the Occurrence of Thermal Bridges in Several Variants of Connections of the Wall and the Ground Floor in Construction Technology with the Use of a Hemp–lime Composite." Materials 12, no. 15 (2019): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152392.

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This article analyses the connection of the two types of floors on the ground (floors on joists and self-supporting floors), with the external wall made of a hemp–lime composite for the occurrence of thermal bridges. Several factors that may affect the heat transfer in the junction were taken into account: the level of the floor on the ground, the wall thickness, the thermal conductivity of the composite, and the location of the timber frame construction. The technology of using hemp and lime is relatively new, and there is a lack of such analyses in the literature. The two-dimensional (2D) heat-transfer in the described construction joints was analyzed based on the finite-element method with the use of the THERM 7.4 software. The results were presented as averaged and linear thermal transmittance coefficients dependent on the above mentioned factors. The possibility of surface condensation was also checked. The differences in the values of the thermal transmittance of the junction between the two variants of ground floors reached around 0.13%–1.67% and the values of linear thermal transmittance factor reached approximately 2.43%–10.13%. The junctions with the highest floor level showed a decrease in the thermal transmittance value by about 3.00%–5.77% and in the linear thermal transmittance, by about 21.98%–53.83%, compared to the junctions with the lowest floor level. Calculations showed that almost all analyzed junctions are free from surface condensation causing mould growth, because the minimum temperature factors f0.25 were higher than 0.78 (except for junctions with the lowered floor levels). The junction with a floor on the timber joists showed better thermal parameters than the junction with a self-supporting floor in each of the analyzed variants. By increasing the level of floor insulation, it is possible to limit the thermal bridges and improve the thermal properties of the junction.
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RASHID, T., H. VONVILLE, I. HASAN, and K. W. GAREY. "Mechanisms for floor surfaces or environmental ground contamination to cause human infection: a systematic review." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 2 (2016): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002193.

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SUMMARYShoe soles have been shown to transfer infectious microorganisms to floor and ground surfaces. However, the possible modes of transmission of infectious agents from floors or ground surfaces to human contact for infection have not been systematically reviewed. A systematic review was performed on articles indexed in medical databases (Medline, EMBASE, PubMed) using a pre-defined search strategy and MeSH terms (date of last search: 15 March 2016). Only primary research studies in English that investigated the transmission dynamics of infectious microorganisms from floor or ground surfaces to human infection were included. Extraction of articles was performed two independent reviewers using pre-defined data fields in an Excel sheet. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Almost all hospital-associated microorganisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative species were identified on floor or ground surfaces. Several modes of transmission dynamics, most commonly direct contact or aerosolization, were identified. In conclusion, interventions such as efficient cleaning of floor surfaces and vectors that transfer infectious organisms to floors such as shoe soles could be an effective infection control strategy to prevent human disease.
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Lagüela Lopez, Susana, Mercedes Solla Carracelas, Lucía Díaz Vilariño, and Julia Armesto González. "Inspection of radiant heating floor applying non-destructive testing techniques: GPR and IRT." DYNA 82, no. 190 (2015): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n190.43913.

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The inspection of radiant heating floors requires the use of non-destructive techniques, trying to minimize inspection impact, time and cost, and maximize the information acquired so that the best possible diagnosis is given. With this goal, we propose the application of infrared thermography (IRT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) for the inspection of radiant heating floors with different floor coatings, in order to evaluate the capabilities and information acquirable with each technique. Specifically, two common floor coatings have been inspected: ceramic tiles and parquet flooring. Results show that each technique provides different information: condition of the pipelines (IRT), geometry and configuration (GPR), concluding that the optimal inspection is constituted by the combination of the two techniques.
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Curguz, Z., G. Venoso, Z. S. Zunic, et al. "SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF INDOOR RADON CONCENTRATION IN SCHOOLS: IMPLICATIONS ON RADON MEASUREMENT PROTOCOLS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 2 (2020): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa137.

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Abstract The requirements about radon measurements in schools and public buildings included in most of the national and international legislations are generally restricted to all the rooms located at the ground floor and basement, assuming the soil beneath the building as the main source of indoor radon. In order to verify such an assumption for small buildings having at maximum two floors, a preliminary study was performed in 50 schools located in 15 municipalities of the Republic of Srpska. Results of this study suggest that a protocol requiring measurements at the ground floor only may be considered adequate. Due to the high radon spatial variability for rooms at the ground floor, it is preferable to require measurements in a high number of rooms (preferably in all of them) in order to assess the compliance with the reference level established by the legislation.
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Xu, Yong Chun, and Zhong Ping Tang. "Comparative Study on the Design Schemes of Residential Steel Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.581.

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This paper choses a duplex apartment which is six floors steel structure as the research object, on the ground of the same building size, with the same beam & tie rod, and the same material for the floor ground & wall plate, two structure system schemes are designed respectively using the H sections and square steel tube as the form of pillar section. The calculate model are made respectively applying the FEA software. From the model graph, natural frequency, economic and technology and other index, the following conclusions are given out comparing the two schemes: the multi floor residential building of light steel structure with square steel tube and H sections is feasible in seismic performance, the steel consumption of the square steel tube system is lower than the H sections system. The square steel tube system is superior to the H sections system in interior decoration and utilizing construction area.
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Abd El-Wahab, Amr, Jan-Philip Kriewitz, Julia Hankel, et al. "The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens." Animals 10, no. 8 (2020): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081256.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of feed particle size and flooring designs on organ traits, performance and pododermatitis in broilers. A total of 480 broilers (Ross 308) of both sexes were randomly assigned to two feeding groups (finely or coarsely ground pelleted diets; with addition of 5% to 10% intact wheat in coarsely diets) and four different housing systems (litter; litter with floor heating; partially or fully slatted floor) with three subgroups each. A coarse diet increased the final gizzard and pancreas weights (p < 0.001) while decreasing the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to a fine diet (p < 0.001). Broilers fed a coarse diet displayed an increased final body weight (p = 0.023) and led to a favourable feed conversion ratio. Final body weight was the highest (p < 0.001) for birds housed on partially or fully slatted floor. Housing birds on litter with floor heating showed the lowest pododermatitis scoring (p < 0.001). It seems to be favourable to use coarse diets for organ development, whereas slatted floors seem to foster enlargement of the Isthmus gastrici. Increasing growth performance was possible both when using coarse diets or slatted floors.
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Krarti, M., D. E. Claridge, and J. F. Kreider. "ITPE Technique Applications to Time-Varying Three-Dimensional Ground-Coupling Problems." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 4 (1990): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910491.

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Approximate analytical solutions for the three-dimensional heat transfer between slab-on-grade floors and rectangular basements under steady-periodic conditions are developed using the Interzone Temperature Profile Estimation (ITPE) method. The slab-on-grade solution is the first analytical slab-on-grade solution that treats the presence of insulation on/under the floor, while the basement solution is the first analytical solution of the time-dependent three-dimensional problem for basements. Solutions are given for the temperature field and expressions are derived for the annual heat loss. Parametric analysis is used to emphasize the effect of geometric dimensions on the magnitude and phase of heat loss relative to ambient temperature. The results obtained are compared with those from the two-dimensional model, and the three-dimensional characteristics of heat flow from slabs and basements are examined.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In two ground floors"

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Kubů, Michal. "Mateřská školka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410035.

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The aim of a diploma thesis is design of a kidgarden in Humpolec in Highlands Region. The building is designed as a detached building with two above-ground floors and a partial basement. The building has four separate units of kidgarden. External walls are designed from aerated concrete blocks. Basement masonry is made of the permanent concrete formwork. The roof of the building is designed as flat. Project documentation was prepared according to valid legal and technical regulation.
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Korpe, Durmus Sinan. "Development Of De-icing And Anti-icing Solutions For Aircraft On Ground And Analysis Of Their Flow Instability Characteristics." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609968/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, development process of de-icing and anti-icing solutions and their flow instability characteristics are presented. In the beginning, the chemical additives in the solutions and their effects on the most critical physical properties of the solutions were investigated. Firstly, chemical additives were added to glycol and water mixtures at different weight ratios one by one in order to see their individual effects. Then, the changes in physical properties were observed when the chemicals were added to water-glycol mixture together. After that, study was focused on effect of polymer which makes the solution pseudoplastic. Further investigations on viscosity behavior of the solution at different pH values, glycol and water mixtures and surfactant weight ratios, which is used for surface tension reduction, were performed. For the investigation of flow instability characteristics of the solutions&rsquo<br>flows, linear stability analysis for two-layer flows is a basic tool. Firstly, the effects of main parameters on the stability of two-layer flows were observed with a parametric study. Then, the commercially available and developed de-icing and anti-icing solutions were compared according to the characteristics of unstable waves. According to the results, unstable waves on developed de-icing fluids are observed at a lower critical wind speed compared to the commercially available de-icing solution. Moreover, it flows off the wing faster due to a higher value of critical wave speed. Developed anti-icing solution has similar wave characteristics compared to commercially available anti-icing solution, except critical wave speed, which is significantly lower. However, this problem can be overcome by decreasing the viscosity of developed anti-icing solution at very low shear rates.
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Remeš, Dominik. "Mateřská škola Domino." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265389.

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This final thesis "Kindergarten Domino" was made as a project documentation for a building construction. The kindergarten is designed for 24 children. Kindergarden is designed as a detached building consists of two above-ground floors. Behind the building, there is a large garden, which is a part of the property. Building is situated on a sloping terrain in a walking distance from a residential area of Šlapanice. There are two operating units: technical part (managemant part) and activity unit. Kindergarten is planed as a masonry building, based on strip foundations.
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Tichá, Kateřina. "Mateřská školka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372305.

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This final thesis "Kindergarten" was made as a project documentation for a building construction. The kindergarten is designed for maximal 28 children. Kindergarden is designed as a detached building consists of two above-ground floors. Behind the building, there is a large garden, which is a part of the property. Building is situated on a sloping terrain in a walking distance from a residential area of Hajany. There are two operating units: technical part (managemant part) and activity unit. Kindergarten is planed as a masonry building, based on strip foundations.
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Smolinský, Patrik. "Penzion Mikulov." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410095.

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The content of this diploma thesis is the design of a new boarding house with restaurant in Mikulov. The building has 2 above – ground floors and a partial basement. In the basement is utility room and fitness room. In 1st floor there is reception, restaurant with facilities and rooms for accomodation. One room is designed as a berrier – free. In the 2nd floor there are rooms for accomodation, facilities for cleaning and common room. The vertical supporting structures are designed from clay masonry, in the basement of the concrete formwork. The building will be covered partly by flat roof, hip roof and partly by vegetation roof. The design documentation has been prepared according to valid legal and technical regulations.
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Widjaja, T. R. "Vibration transmission between two nominally identical building floors." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496482.

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Suchý, Jakub. "Muzeum automobilů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392259.

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The subject of these Master Thesis is a new building of Cars Museum. The object is located in Telc on street Radkovska, district Jihlava. This locality was chosen for its favorable conditions. In this area, there are lots of enthusiast and supporters of motorism. The nearest commission of veterans is around 50 km far. This museum is also meaning to improve a network of a commission of veterans. Telc is a beautiful historic city, which is an ideal choice for a museum of veterans. The building is divided into 3 imaginary sectors. The first one is an administrative part, which has two above-ground floors. In the first floor, there is educative room to familiarize guests with the history of vehicles, entry hall with reception, hygienic facilities for guests and base for staff and operations of the museum. In the second floor, there are offices for the museum, the commission of veterans, meeting room, storeroom, gaming-room, and daily room. The second part is the exhibition area. The third part is workshops and a base to remove operating fluids from cars. The investor is a passionate collector of historic vehicles and wants to share his collection with the public.
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Fryčka, Marek. "Mateřská škola Pampeliška." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371802.

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The Diploma thesis "Kindergarten Dandelion" was made as a project documentation for a building construction. It is a detached building with a rugged design on a large and gently sloping land. Kindergarten is divided into three parts, two one-storey parts and one middle two-storey part. There are two operating units for children, technical and administrative part and separate language classroom. Kindergarten is planed as a masonry building based on strip foundations.
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Kociánová, Nikol. "Mateřská škola." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227205.

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Diploma thesis is focused on the nursery schools project, which has two floors with a partial basement. Project documentation is at the level of construction execution. The building is located in the district of Frýdek-Místek, in the cadastral Palkovice. Part of the nursery are four units for children and facilities for the operation of the school. Nursery school is a brick of ceramic shaped Porotherm Profi on a masonry foam DRYFIX. The perimeter and interior bearing walls has a thickness of 300 mm, indoor walls are made of bricks PTH 11.5 Profi TL. 115 mm. On the basement walls are concrete block used shuttering tl. 300 mm. Foundation line are made of plain concrete. Ceiling creates the filigree plate with over concrete and the total thickness. is 250 mm. The roof of the buildding is a single-layer flat-lined brick parapet height of 500 mm. There are three prefabricated double staircase and a passenger lift. Lots of flat character is located at an altitude of 314,000 m above sea level Access to land is from the north side. The two main entrances to the building on the north and east facade. In the central part of the building are located facilities for staff and kitchen facilities. Staff entrance is on the south side. Preparing meals is two floors with windows facing north. Between the first and second above ground floor are designed 3 lifts. At the central part directly linked to the two wings of the building. In each wing there are two departments that can accommodate 20 children. The total capacity of the nursery school will therefore be 80 childdren.
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Pospíšilová, Iveta. "Centrum odpočinku v Lavičkách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371993.

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The topic of this master´s thesis is a new building design of recreation centre in Lavičky and processing of project documentation for this building realization. This thesis is furthermore completed with two specializations. It deals specifically with a specialisation in the field of technical facilities of buildings – heating and air conditioning. The recreation centre is a complex of two units that will provide restaurant and accommodation services with leisure activities facilities. In one of the units there is designed an accommodation facility with smaller wellness area, in the other unit there is designed a restaurant. The estate where the units are located occurs in the north part of the village Lavičky. This locality is built up by family houses and apartment blocks. The architectural solution of the designed units follows on from the concept of simple country object where the object has the shape of rectangle ground plan and is roofed by typical saddle roof. The building of the restaurant and also the guest house is in the shape of rectangle and is roofed by double sheathed saddle roof with metal folded roofing in dark grey colour. As well it utilises modern elements of architecture as big window openings or dormers. The filling of the openings will be accomplished by wooden windows in natural shade. The façade of the units is designed in that way to match both unis together. It is solved by white façade paint in combination with cement splinter panels imitating wood or cement splinter panels in grey colour and is completed by outdoor wooden pergola or wooden storm porch. The wall base part is formed by mosaic façade in grey colour. The layout solution of the units follows on from operation requirements of the particular services and they are separated in space for customers and for operation space. In the unit of the guest house there are designed 9 suites with 22 beds. In the ground floor there is designed one suite for persons with reduced mobility and o
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Books on the topic "In two ground floors"

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Farny, James A. Concrete floors on ground. 3rd ed. Portland Cement Association, 2001.

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Barnbrook, G. Ground-supported concrete floors. Cement and Concrete Association, 1985.

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Barnbrook, George. Ground-supported concrete floors. Cement and ConcreteAssociation, 1987.

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Concrete industrial ground floors. Thomas Telford, 1996.

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Neal, F. R. Concrete industrial ground floors. 2nd ed. Thomas Telford, 2002.

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Martin, Ross. Guide for surface finish of concrete slabs on ground. American Society of Concrete Contractors, 2006.

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Barnbrook, G. Ground-supported in situ concrete floors for houses. 3rd ed. British Cement Association, 1988.

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Society, Concrete. Concrete industrial ground floors: A guide to design and construction. 3rd ed. The Concrete Society, 2003.

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Cole, Regina. The new flooring idea book: Creating style from the ground up. Rockport Publishers, 2001.

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Russell, Ted. The holdin' ground; and, Ground swell: Two radio plays. H. Cuff, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "In two ground floors"

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Riley, Mike, and Alison Cotgrave. "Ground floors." In Construction Technology 2: Industrial and Commercial Building. Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37600-8_6.

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Worthing, Derek, Nigel Dann, and Roger Heath. "Ground floors." In Marshall and Worthing’s The Construction of Houses, 6th ed. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429397820-10.

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Bailey, H., and D. Hancock. "Solid Ground Floors." In Brickwork 2 and Associated Studies. Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11379-8_1.

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Chudley, Roy, Roger Greeno, and Karl Kovac. "Ground Supported Floors." In Chudley and Greeno’s Building Construction Handbook. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027130-9.

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Fonte, Nelson L., David de Carvalho, and Roberto Kassouf. "Improvement of Collapsible Soil Conditions for Industrial Floors." In Soil Testing, Soil Stability and Ground Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61902-6_15.

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Peaston, Chris H. "Design, Specification and Failure Investigation of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Ground Bearing Industrial Floors and Hardstandings and Pile Suspended Industrial Ground Floors." In RILEM Bookseries. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83719-8_59.

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Kaiser, Birgit M. "Two Floors of Thinking: Deleuze’s Aesthetics of Folds." In Deleuze and The Fold: A Critical Reader. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230248366_10.

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MacDorman, Karl F. "How to Ground Symols Adaptively." In Two Sciences of Mind. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.9.12mac.

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Kim, Nancy K., Anthony J. Grey, Ronald Tramontano, Charles Hudson, and Geoffrey Laccetti. "Two Ground Water Contamination Problems." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0315.ch030.

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Rosa-Clot, M. "The Two Nucleon Ground State." In Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Hadronic Few-Body Systems. Springer Vienna, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8897-2_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "In two ground floors"

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Lin, Mingchun, Yewei Kang, Weibin Wang, Lei Zhang, and Yi Sun. "Research on Acoustic Emission In-Service Inspection for Large Above-Ground Storage Tank Floors." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31080.

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Much manpower is needed and a lot of materials are wasted when the floor of large above-ground storage tank (AST) is inspected with conventional methods which need to shut down the tank, then to empty and clean it before inspection. Due to the disadvantages of that, an in-service inspection method using acoustic emission (AE) technology is presented. By this mean the rational inspection plan and integrity evaluation of tank floors can be constructed. First, specific inspection steps are established based on the acoustic emission principle for large AST’s floors and the practical condition of AST in order to acquire the AE corrosion data. Second, analysis method of acoustic emission dataset is studied. Finally, maintenance proposes are provided based on results of analysis for the corrosion status of the tank floors. In order to evaluate the performance of our method, an in-service field inspection is practiced on product oil tank with a volume of 5000 cubic meters. Then a traditional inspection procedure using magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technology is followed up. Comparative analysis of the results of the two inspection methods shows that there is consistency in localizing the position of corrosion between them. The feasibility of inservice inspection of AST’s floors with AE is demonstrated.
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ŠADZEVIČIUS, Raimondas, Vincas GURSKIS, Rytis SKOMINAS, and Dainius RAMUKEVIČIUS. "THE REGIME OF COWSHED ENVIRONMENT AND GROUND SOILS TEMPERATURE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.071.

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The quantity and quality of milk depends not only on milking or milk storage equipment but also on cow's well-being. A cow lying on the animal bed gives a certain amount of heat, as intense heat exchanges occur on the ground through the floor. When lying, the blood in the cow’s udder flows more intensely. It is known that for the formation of one liter of milk 500 liters of blood should flow through the cow’s udder. The amount of milk is highly dependent from the micro-climate of the animal’s bed, during the rest of the cow. The poorly installed or inappropriately designed bearing bed’s floors do not meet the physiological needs of the animals from a thermal point of view, much more energy loss occurs. Often there are cases where cold-frozen animals suffer from various cold diseases and their productivity decreases. Therefore, no less attention should be paid to the cow’s bed floor. The article analyses the temperature regime of the base of the cowshed and the ground of its environment during the regular period. The structure of the cowshed building is energy-heated, with bearing vault structures. Cows are kept tied up in re-bars. The floor of the cowshed room is installed on the ground. The ground floor temperature is fixed in 3 boreholes under the floor and also in 3 wells near the cowshed ground. Temperatures were fixed up to 6 meters deep. The fields of distribution of the base of the cowshed and its ground temperature are established during the regular period. Analysis of the temperature of the base of the cowshed and its environment showed that the ground temperature is influenced by the amount of heat released by the animal, which transmits itself not only to the room, but also to the base ground through the floor of the bearing bed. Since the bed’s floor is installed on the ground, the amount of heat loss caused by the animal through the floor depends not only on the thermal properties of the floor, but also on the base ground temperature regime. Extremely intense heat exchanges through the base ground occur during the coldest period of the year.
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Rossmann, Tobias, Kevin Moore, Thomas Sobota, and Eric Cummings. "Simultaneous PLIF and LITA for Absolute, Instantaneous, Two-Dimensional Concentration Imaging in Mixing Flows." In 22nd AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-2916.

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Löhle, Stefan, and Monika Auweter-Kurtz. "LIF-Measurements of Atomic Oxygen in Inductively Heated Plasma Flows Using Two Calibration Methods." In 25th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3444.

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Khaled, Nizar, and Moncef Krarti. "Impact of Layered Soil on Foundation Heat Transfer for Slab-On Grade Floors." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90472.

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This paper presents an analytical solution for the steady-periodic heat transfer for a typical slab-on-grade floor building foundation beneath non-homogeneous soil medium. The impact of the above-grade walls on ground-coupled heat transfer is accounted for in the presented solution. The Inter-zone Temperature Estimation Profile (ITPE) technique is utilized to obtain the 3-D solutions to determine soil temperature distributions and to estimate foundation heat loss/gain from slab-on-grade floors. The impact of the non-homogeneous soil properties on the transient foundation heat transfer is investigated for various slab configurations and soil thermal properties.
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"Estimation of Maximum Drift of MDOF Shear Structures Using Only One Accelerometer." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-14.

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Abstract. This paper presents a new method to estimate maximum drifts, relative displacements between adjacent floors, of all stories of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) shear structures using only one floor’s absolute acceleration time history response under the ground excitation. The absolute acceleration and relative displacement are formulated in modal coordinates and the state-space expression is derived. Then the numerical simulation for a three-story structure was conducted to verify the performance of the state-space equation. The comparison of the estimated state and input with actual values is made and shows the good agreement. In addition, the relative displacement time histories of all floors were obtained, and the errors of maximum displacements and inter-story drifts were analyzed. The robustness against environmental noise was also investigated by numerical simulations as well. The results of simulations indicate the estimation is satisfactory, and very robust against the environmental disturbance.
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Herraiz, Borja, Henar Martin-Sanz, and Nadja Wolfisberg. "Restoration of a historic reinforced concrete structure with Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2500.

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&lt;p&gt;The historic building "Du Pont" in Zurich, Switzerland, was constructed between 1912 and 1913 by the Swiss architects Haller &amp;amp; Schindler and it is listed as a cultural heritage object, including not only the Art Deco façade, but also the ground-breaking structure of reinforced concrete. The building includes several structural particularities, such as the slender, reinforced concrete, one-way ribbed slabs, a reinforced concrete truss structure in the roof hanging four floors and three transfer beams on the ground floor diverting the loads from the seven upper floors. This paper presents a detailed description of the different strengthening measures required to allow a more flexible use of the existing floors with larger live and dead loads, and to fulfil the current provisions of the Swiss Standards (SIA). The main objective of the proposed restoration and strengthening measures is to minimize the interventions as much as possible and preserve the original structural system. Of particular interest is the innovative solution adopted for the existing ribbed slabs. The required increase of resistance is obtained through a thin 40 mm overlay of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) above the carefully prepared existing slab. Due to the significance of the building and the particular characteristics of the existing concrete, experimental tests were conducted. Four specimens of the ribbed slabs were extracted from the building, strengthened on site with UHPFRC and transported to the structural laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETHZ), where the tests were conducted. The excellent results confirmed the suitability of the proposed strengthening solution through UHPFRC, setting a milestone for future restorations of these particular structures.&lt;/p&gt;
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Lucchini, Andrea, Paolo Franchin, and Fabrizio Mollaioli. "A Spectrum-to-Spectrum Method for Calculating Uniform Hazard Floor Response Spectra." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65293.

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In codes’ provisions and design procedures for acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components, seismic demand is commonly defined by means of floor response spectra expressed in terms of pseudo-acceleration. Depending on the considered analysis method, floor response spectra may be derived from floors’ acceleration histories, based on structural response-history analysis, or calculated using a predictive equation from a given input ground motion spectrum. Methods for estimating floor response spectra that are based on the second alternative are commonly called spectrum-to-spectrum methods. The objective of this paper is to briefly review these methods, and to discuss the main assumptions they are based on. Both predictive equations from selected seismic codes and proposals from the literature are included in the review. A new probability-based method, recently developed by the Authors for generating uniform hazard floor response spectra, namely, floor response spectra whose ordinates are characterized by a given target value of the mean annual frequency of being exceeded, is also described. By using this method floor spectra are determined through closed-form equations, given the mean annual frequency of interest, the damping ratio of the spectra, the modal properties of the structure, and three uniform hazard ground spectra. The method is built on a proposal for a probabilistic seismic demand model that relates the ground spectral acceleration with the floor spectral acceleration, and is able to explicitly account for the ground motion variability of the nonstructural response. Results for a case study consisting of a service frame of a visbreaking unit in an oil refinery are presented to show the good predictive accuracy of the method with respect to exact uniform hazard floor response spectra obtained through a standard probabilistic analysis.
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Guo, Zhenghong, Yewei Kang, Hongyuan Chen, Huatian Xu, and Mo Liu. "The Reliability of Acoustic Emission Inspection on the Storage Tank Floor." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33123.

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It is difficult to inspect a tank floor when tank is in service. The conventional inspection of a tank floor after it is opened and cleaned is time-consuming and is a high cost. So the in-service inspection of above-ground storage tank floors with Acoustic Emission (AE) technique is accepted by petrochemical industry more and more. Until now more than 70 tanks have been inspected with AE technology in PetroChina Pipeline Company. In this paper our method is introduced and the influencing factors for AE testing are discussed. The reliability of AE testing is mainly concerned by comparing the results of AE testing with the one of conventional nondestructive testing (NDT). The study concluded that the AE inspection is a useful and economic tool for prioritizing the tank maintenance.
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Psenner, Angelika. "The loss of semi-public spheres within the Vienna urban parterre system—cause and effect study." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5221.

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As proven in the preceding pilot study the historical Viennese ground floor originally presented an intruiging and essential semi-public sphere with no clear-cut boundary between inside and out. Rather, doors and windows were left open most of the time so that there were many points that gave access to the ground-floor premises. Original photos from the period attest to this: the ground-floor facades were permeable; semi-public or even private uses of the ground floor extended to the street, and conversely, the premises were easily accessible to the “public flow.” In addition many of the ground-floor premises in the chosen research area were connected with basement floors or cellars underneath, which meant a further extension of the urban parterre. The (commercial) use of the street-facing premises in most cases also included the interior courtyard. Today, interior courtyards mostly accommodate garbage cans or dumpsters; more intensive, diversified uses of this part of the StadtParterre nowadays are rare. Thus the historical StadtParterre was a ramified, varied, much-used and hence engaging space. Permeable ground-floor facades provided a flexible interface between public and semi-public spaces; intensely interacting with one another. First and foremost, though, the point here is to acknowledge the significance of the urban parterre for the functoning of a city—a fact that has somewhat fallen into oblivion in the noughties of the 21st century ever since the emergence of 3D city modeling. The reason for this may be that conventional 3D city models canot really represent intricate, small-scale, multilayered, and ramified ground-floor structures und thus prevent us from perceiving them in a broader functional perspective.The paper discusses reasons and socio-urban effects of a dis-linked, malfunctioning urban parterre.References Anderson, S. ed. (1978): On Streets. Cambridge, MA, and London: MIT Press. Appleyard, D. (1981): Livable streets. Berkeley: University of California Press. Davis, H. (2012): Living Over the Store: Architecture and Urban Life. London and New York: Routledge. Gehl, J. (1996): Life between Buildings: Using Public Space. Translated by Jo Koch. Copenhagen: Arkitektens Forlag (orig. Livet mellem husene. 1978). Krusche, J. and Vogt, G. (2011): Strassenräume Berlin, Shanghai, Tokyo, Zürich: Eine foto-ethnografische Untersuchung. Baden, CH: Lars Müller Publishers. Scheuvens, R. and Schütz, T. (2012): Perspektive Erdgeschoss, Werkstattbericht 121. Vienna: Magistratsabteilung 18, Stadtentwicklung und Stadtplanung.
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Reports on the topic "In two ground floors"

1

Autor, David, Frank Levy, and Richard Murnane. Upstairs, Downstairs: Computer-Skill Complementarity and Computer-Labor Substitution on Two Floors of a Large Bank. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7890.

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Um, C. I., W. H. Kahng, E. S. Yim, and Thomas F. George. Ground States of a Two-Dimensional Charged-Boson System. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada212363.

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Zhou, Y., S. P. Bowen, and J. D. Mancini. Many electron variational ground state of the two dimensional Anderson lattice. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188254.

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Lichty, R. W., and P. W. McKinley. Estimates of ground-water recharge rates for two small basins in central Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/123628.

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Rodgers, A., H. Tkalcic, and D. McCallen. Understanding Ground Motion in Las Vegas: Insights from Data Analysis and Two-Dimensional Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15013918.

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Simms, Janet, Benjamin Breland, and William Doll. Geophysical investigation to assess condition of grouted scour hole : Old River Control Complex—Low Sill Concordia Parish, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41863.

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Geophysical surveys, both land-based and water-borne, were conducted at the Old River Control Complex‒Low Sill, Concordia Parish, LA. The purpose of the surveys was to assess the condition of the grout within the scour region resulting from the 1973 flood event, including identification of potential voids within the grout. Information from the ground studies will also be used for calibration of subsequent marine geophysical data and used in stability analysis studies. The water-borne survey consisted of towed low frequency (16-80 MHz) ground penetrating radar (GPR), whereas the land-based surveys used electrical resistivity and seismic refraction. The GPR survey was conducted in the Old River Channel on the upstream side of the Low Sill structure. The high electrical conductivity of the water (~50 mS/m) precluded penetration of the GPR signal; thus, no useful data were obtained. The land-based surveys were performed on both northeast and southeast sides of the Low Sill structure. Both resistivity and seismic surveys identify a layered subsurface stratigraphy that corresponds, in general, with available borehole data and constructed geologic profiles. In addition, an anomalous area on the southeast side was identified that warrants future investigation and monitoring.
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Smith, Thomas J. An Analysis of Transport, Dispersion, and Deposition from Two Above-Ground Nuclear Tests in China. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada524764.

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Babic, Davorin, Raphael Tsu, and Richard F. Greene. Ground-State Energies of One- and Two-Electron Silicon Dots in an Amorphous Silicon Dioxide Matrix. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada271027.

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Holcomb, H. P. Two items: Transcription of a presentation by Dr. E. L. Albenesius, ``SRS burial ground operation from an historical perspective``; video tape entitled ``Burial ground operation``. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188160.

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Puttagunta, Srikanth, and Carl Shapiro. An In-Depth Look at Ground Source Heat Pumps and Other Electric Loads in Two GreenMax Homes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219610.

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