Relevant bibliographies by topics / In vitro cytotoxic assays

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'In vitro cytotoxic assays'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "In vitro cytotoxic assays"

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Jurisic, Vladimir, and Vladimir Bumbasirevic. "In vitro assays for cell death determination." Archive of Oncology 16, no. 3-4 (2008): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0804049j.

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In this paper, we focused on commonly used in vitro assays for estimation of cell death: morphological analyses of cell death, cytotoxic assays based on enzymes activity determination, flow cytometry, and western blot techniques. We discussed advantages and disadvantages of several assays used in the modern research for estimation of cell death.
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Akca, Cetin, Ozgur Vatan, Dilek Yilmaz, Huzeyfe HURIYET, Nilüfer Cinkilic, and Tolga Cavas. "In vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of donkey milk on lung cancer and normal cells lines." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 37, No. 1 (March 6, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/221/2018-cjfs.

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In vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of donkey milk on cancer (A549) and normal (BEAS-2B) lung cell lines were investigated. The XTT and WST-1 tests as well as clonogenic assays were used to evaluate cytotoxicity. The comet assay and micronucleus test were used as genotoxicity endpoints. Donkey milk showed lower cytotoxic effects against normal lung cell line BEAS-2B in comparison to the tumor cell line A549. Genotoxicity experiments revealed dose dependent increases in the frequencies of micronuclei and single stranded DNA breaks in A549 cells whereas no significant damage was observed in BEAS-2B cells. The results indicate that donkey milk has anti-proliferative and genotoxic effects on lung cancer cells at concentrations which are non-toxic to normal lung cells.
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Lazaro, J. Enrico, and Frederick Gay. "Plasmodium falciparum: In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing Using MTT." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 3, no. 1 (February 1998): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705719800300107.

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The microculture tetrazolium assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to estimate the 50% inhibitory concentration of chloroquine, quinine, artemisinin, and atovaquone using a Plasmodium falciparum in vitro culture system. The MTT assay was compared to the standard tritiated hypoxan-thine assay and to a previously described method, the 2,2′-di-p-nitrophenyl-5,5′-diphenyl-3,3′-[3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-diphenylenel-ditetrazolium chloride (NBT) assay. In general, the results show that the three assays generate comparative results. The results of this study suggest that the MTT method is able to give a profile of cytotoxic dose response effects over a wide range of concentrations of a drug. The method may be used in work that does not require extreme pre-cision and sensitivity, for instance, as a portable rapid screen to assay natural products for in vitro cytotoxic ac-tivity against Plasmodium falciparum.
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Vencioneck Dutra, Jean, Jean Moisés Ferreira, Paula Costalonga Pereira, Judá Ben-Hur de Oliveira, Suiany Vitorino Gervásio, Mirieli Bernardes Xavier, Mainã Mantovanelli da Mota, et al. "Cereus jamacaru D.C. Hydroalcoholic Extract Promotes Anti-Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activity." Pharmaceuticals 11, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph11040130.

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Cereus jamacaru D.C. (mandacaru) is a cactus used as food and in the traditional medicine. In the present study, hydroalcoholic extract of C. jamacaru was evaluated for its chemical composition, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic and anti-cytotoxic effects in human lymphocytes and sarcoma 180 cells in vitro by MTT assay and antitumoral, mutagenic and cytotoxic effects on mice sarcoma-induced in vivo. Phytochemical characterization showed positive reactions for coumarin, flavanol and tyramine and total flavonoid content of 0.51 µg/mL. C. jamacaru showed antioxidant activity following DPPH (EC50 = 427.74 µg/mL), ABTS (EC50 = 270.57 µg/mL) and Fe2+ chelating ions assays (EC50 = 41.18 µg/mL). C. jamacaru induced significant decrease of sarcoma 180 viability at 24 h and 48 h of treatment, did not induce cytotoxicity in human lymphocytes and inhibits the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in vitro. Following in vivo assays, C. jamacaru promoted tumor reduction (86.07% of tumor inhibition), without inducing mutagenic or cytotoxic damage on mice blood cells. We propose that phenolic and alkaloid compounds in the extract are related to antioxidant activity, increasing its ability in metal chelating activity and promoting anti-cytotoxic activity against cisplatin, as well as these compounds may act on the cell cycle of the tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, leading to anticancer effects and tumor reduction.
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Ben Mrid, Reda, Najat Bouchmaa, Youssef Bouargalne, Btissam Ramdan, Khalid Karrouchi, Imad Kabach, Miloud El Karbane, Abderrazak Idir, Abdelmajid Zyad, and Mohamed Nhiri. "Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation of Juniperus oxycedrus Subsp. oxycedrus Needles and Berries." Molecules 24, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030502.

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In order to evaluate the antioxidant properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of needles and berries of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus (Joo) species, various antioxidant capacity assessment tests (free radical scavenging assays (DPPH• and ABTS•+ tests), ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activity and reducing power assay (FRAP) were conducted. In all of the tests, the extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in-vitro cytotoxic activity assays of the methanolic extracts showed potent cytotoxic effects against two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7), with no cytotoxicity towards normal cells (PBMCs). Reactive oxygen species generation was presumed to be a potential reason for the observed cytotoxic effects. According to all the above, and considering its appropriate composition of mineral elements and phenolic compounds, Joo could offer a beneficial and natural source of bioactive compounds that can be either used on the preventive side as it could potentially be used in the clinic without toxicity.
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Güner, Adem. "In vitro risk assessment of Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) (Brown algae)." Food and Health 7, no. 1 (2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh21004.

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Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy 1960 is a brown algae that is antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects and is generally used in soup, salad, and other dishes. However, no studies have been reported on safe consumption in humans to date. For this purpose, this study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of P. pavonica on lymphocytes cultured from human blood. The water extract of P. pavonica was added into culture tubes at various concentrations (0.5-1000 μg/mL). Cytotoxic effects were determined by MTT assay. Antioxidant/oxidant status was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) assays. Genotoxic effects were investigated by sister chromatid exchanges and micronucleus assays. Our results showed that P. pavonica had no genotoxic effects, even at higher concentrations. 1000 μg/mL concentration of P. pavonica caused an increase (P<0.05) TOS levels while significantly reducing cell viability. However, low concentrations (50 and 100 μg/mL) significantly increased (P<0.05) TAC levels. In conclusion, P. pavonica can be safely consumed with its non-genotoxic and antioxidant properties in a manner dose-dependent.
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Raajshree.r, Khoushika, and Brindha Durairaj. "IN VITRO ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF BIOSYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM THE SEAWEED TURBINARIA CONOIDES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.22224.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the anticancer potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and hydroethanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides (HETC) against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell line. Methods: Nanoparticles were synthesized from the HETC. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric analysis was performed to confirm the formation of ZnO-NPs. Size, morphology, and elemental composition of ZnO-NPs were also analyzed using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic activity of ZnO-NPs and HETC was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-. 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue dye exclusion assays on DLA cells. The apoptosis inducing the effect was observed through acridine orange staining method (AO and EB) and DNA ladder assay. Results: The results of in vitro cytotoxic studies by MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays on DLA cell line in the presence of ZnO-NPs showed an IC50 value of 23.13 and 25.81 μg/ml, respectively. The DNA ladder assay and AO/EB staining clearly demonstrated that the ZnO-NPs at 50 μg/ml concentration induced a maximum apoptosis in DLA cells when compared with HETC. Conclusion: In the present study, the cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing effect of the synthesized ZnO-NPs and HETC were assessed, and it was found that ZnO-NPs possessed potent anticancer effect against DLA cells.
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Fukushima, Toshiro, Hitomi Tanaka, and Takeshi Yamamoto. "Comparative Study of Cigarette Smoke Cytotoxicity Using Two In Vitro Assay Systems." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2014-0013.

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to compare the results obtained from two in vitro cytotoxicity assays that depend upon different mechanisms/modes of action. The Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assay is based on endocytotic activity whereas the Water Soluble Tetrazolium Salts (WST-1) assay is based on mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Both were investigated in light of their wide use and documented validation. The total particulate matter (TPM) and gas vapor phase (GVP) of main stream smoke derived from Kentucky reference cigarettes 3R4F and 10 test cigarettes made of 100% flue-cured or 100% Burley tobacco were individually applied to the two assays using CHO-K1 cells. In addition, cigarette smoke constituents and known cytotoxic agents, documented to affect specific endpoints, were evaluated within both assays. Although the NRU assay was primarily more sensitive than the WST-1 assay, both assays provided comparable results in terms of the rank order for the cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke samples. In addressing the cytotoxicity of constituents in cigarette smoke, acrolein, hydroquinone and catechol gave clear dose-related decreases in cell viability (an end point common in both assays). Moreover, enzyme inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and chemicals causing membrane disruption also showed similar responses regardless of the specific endpoint addressed within the cytotoxicity assay. In conclusion, results from the NRU and WST-1 assay are comparable therefore indicating results were independent of the different assay detection mechanisms/modes of action. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 98-108]
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Rodolfo, Monica, and Giorgio Parmiani. "Growth Inhibition of Murine Colonic Adenocarcinoma by Tumor Immune but not by IL-2-Activated or Alloactivated Lymphocytes." Tumori Journal 73, no. 1 (February 1987): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168707300101.

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The antigenic profile of C-26 and C-51 BALB/c colonic adenocarcinomas was examined by in vivo and in vitro assays. Mice immunized with irradiated C-26 or C-51 tumor cells from freshly excised tumor nodules or from in vitro-growing cell lines were able to reject a challenge of both tumors. Spleen lymphocytes of immune but not of normal mice were effective in cross-inhibiting tumor growth in vivo in a Winn assay. Tissue-associated antigens common to C-26 and C-51 and to their metastases but not to other syngeneic neoplasms were detected in vitro by cytotoxic T lymphocytes obtained after 5 days of a secondary culture of immune lymphocytes and irradiated tumor cells. Activated lymphocytes were obtained by exposure of spleen cells to interleukin 2 or by allostimulation. Such lymphocytes, although cytotoxic in vitro on C-26 and C-51 carcinomas, were unable to significantly reduce in vivo tumor growth in the Winn assay.
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Levis, Mark, Patrick Brown, B. Douglas Smith, Adam Stine, Rosalyn Pham, Richard Stone, Daniel DeAngelo, et al. "Plasma inhibitory activity (PIA): a pharmacodynamic assay reveals insights into the basis for cytotoxic response to FLT3 inhibitors." Blood 108, no. 10 (November 15, 2006): 3477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-04-015743.

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Abstract We have developed a useful surrogate assay for monitoring the efficacy of FLT3 inhibition in patients treated with oral FLT3 inhibitors. The plasma inhibitory activity (PIA) for FLT3 correlates with clinical activity in patients treated with CEP-701 and PKC412. Using the PIA assay, along with in vitro phosphorylation and cytotoxicity assays in leukemia cells, we compared PKC412 and its metabolite, CGP52421, with CEP-701. While both drugs could effectively inhibit FLT3 in vitro, CEP-701 was more cytotoxic to primary samples at comparable levels of FLT3 inhibition. PKC412 appears to be more selective than CEP-701 and therefore less effective at inducing cytotoxicity in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples in vitro. However, the PKC412 metabolite CGP52421 is less selective than its parent compound, PKC412, and is more cytotoxic against primary blast samples at comparable levels of FLT3 inhibition. The plasma inhibitory activity assay represents a useful correlative tool in the development of small-molecule inhibitors. Our application of this assay has revealed that the metabolite CGP52421 may contribute a significant portion of the antileukemia activity observed in patients receiving oral PKC412. Additionally, our results suggest that nonselectivity may constitute an important component of the cytotoxic effect of FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3-mutant AML.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In vitro cytotoxic assays"

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Åleskog, Anna. "Application of In Vitro Chemosensitivity Testing for Evaluation of New Cytotoxic Drugs in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3073.

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Despite major advances in the understanding of the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), progress in improving its treatment has been limited and it still remains an incurable disorder. In the present research, we have performed in vitro drug sensitivity testing of primary CLL cells for preclinical evaluation of cytotoxic drugs, using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA).

The tumour type-specific activities of 14 standard drugs, evaluated in vitro on tumour cells from patients with CLL and acute leukaemias, were in good agreement with their known clinical activities. A correlation between drug treatment and development of cellular drug resistance was demonstrated in CLL, but not in the acute leukaemias. Moreover, the nucleoside analogues fludarabine, cladribine, cytarabine and gemcitabine, as well as the anthracycline idarubicin, were highly active in CLL cells.

A new cytotoxic drug candidate, CHS 828, was evaluated in primary cell cultures from a broad spectrum of tumours. CHS 828 was highly active against haematological malignancies in vitro, especially CLL, but also against some solid tumours. The drug appeared to be non cross-resistant with standard drugs.

In addition, the relationship between drug sensitivity in vitro and a recently described prognostic factor in CLL, the mutational status of the immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IgVH) gene, was evaluated. Interestingly, cells with unmutated IgVH genes were more chemosensitive than the mutated cells.

In summary, our results indicate that in vitro studies on tumour cellsfrom leukaemia patients may yield considerable information regarding the activity, mechanisms of action and cross-resistance of cytotoxic drugs, as well as concerning the relationship between drug sensitivity and prognostic factors, which can be useful in the preclinical evaluation of new cytotoxic drugs. Furthermore, the results suggest that the pyrimidine analogues cytarabine and gemcitabine, as well as the anthracycline idarubicin, may have a role in the treatment of CLL. The new cyanoguanidine CHS 828 is highly active in CLL cells and appears to be non cross-resistant with standard drugs. The poorer prognosis in patients with CLL cells with unmutated IgVH genes can not be explained by increased chemoresistance.

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von, Heideman Anne. "Exploring Cancer Drugs In Vitro and In Vivo : With Special Reference to Chemosensitivity Testing and Early Clinical Development." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Enheten för onkologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-151826.

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The aims of this thesis were to investigate the utility of in vitro drug sensitivity testing to optimize the use of cancer chemotherapy and to assess the properties of a new cancer drug in a phase I clinical trial. Tumour cells from patients were analysed with the short-term Fluorometric Microculture Cytotoxicity Assay (FMCA). In samples from a wide spectrum of tumour types, the effect of the drug combination FEC (5Fu-epirubicin-cyclophosphamide) was generally appropriately predicted from the effect of the best component drug. However, of samples intermediately sensitive to the best single drug, 45% converted to sensitive when testing the combination. Thus, combination testing may identify advantageous interactions and improve in vitro test performance. In tumour samples from peritoneal carcinomatosis, significant differences in drug sensitivity between diagnoses were observed, cross-resistance between most drugs was modest or absent, and the concentration-effect relationships for two drugs in individual samples varied considerably. Thus, for optimal selection of drugs for intraperitoneal chemotherapy, differences in drug sensitivity at the diagnosis and individual patient level should be considered. In samples from patients with ovarian carcinoma, drug sensitivity was related to tumour grade, histologic subtype and patient treatment status. In a homogeneous subset of patients, the FMCA predicted individual patient tumour response with high sensitivity and specificity. Thus, if carefully interpreted in the context of important clinical variables, in vitro testing could be of value for individualizing chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Employing a once weekly dosing schedule in a phase I trial, the mechanistically new and preclinically promising NAD depleting drug CHS 828 produced dose limiting thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity without clear evidence of anti-tumour efficacy. It is concluded that in vitro drug sensitivity testing could be a way to optimize the use of chemotherapy and that successful development of new cancer drugs needs improved strategies.
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Rosenborg, Elina. "Evaluation of Potential Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Propolis in CHO-K1 Cells Using an in vitro Version of the Micronucleus Assay." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-441604.

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Background Evaluating potential genotoxicity of pharmaceutical drug candidates is important during drug development. A method that can be used for this purpose is the micronucleus assay (MN- assay) which can identify agents that induce chromosomal damage. One of the most commonly used cell lines in an in vitro MN-assay is Chinese Hamster Ovarian K1 (CHO-K1) cells. Propolis, a natural substance produced by honeybees from exudates of different types of plant, is used in folk medicine to improve health and prevent diseases and was the evaluated substance in this study. Aim The major aim of this thesis project was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of propolis in CHO-K1 cells by in vitro MN-assay. Method Two solutions of propolis were prepared in different ways and CHO-K1 cells were cultured. The two different ethanolic extracts of propolis were evaluated with the cytochalasin B protocol of the MN-assay, using mitomycin C as a positive control. Results Ethanolic extract number 1 had a statistically significant increase of genotoxicity at 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. It was also found to induce a statistically significant increase of cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested (5-100 μg/ml). Ethanolic extract number 2 had a statistically significant increase of genotoxicity at 50 μg/ml but no statistically significant increase of cytotoxicity. General conclusion Rather surprisingly, the present study showed that propolis induced chromosomal damage in CHO-K1 cells, and one of the extracts tested was also found to be cytotoxic using the cytochalasin B version of the in vitro MN-assay.
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Lundin, Desiré. "Do the new signal transduction modulators have activity in vitro in tumor cells from ovarian carcinoma and lymphoma?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6158.

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During the last decades, chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs has played a significant role in cancer therapy. It’s important to develop new anticancer drugs, and drug sensitivity testing in vitro can be used to find the right diagnosis for the newly developed substances.

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the new signal transduction modulators bortezomib, gefitinib and PKC412. The well-established substances cisplatin, cytarabine, doxorubicin and vincristin were investigated for comparison.

The activity of the cytotoxic drugs was analysed in human tumor samples from patients with ovarian carcinoma (n=16) and lymphoma (n=15) by using the Fluorometric Microculture Cytotoxicity Assay (FMCA). The testing of cellular drug resistance by FMCA was accomplished successfully in 33 out of the 34 samples (97%).

The results of this study indicated that the activity of cytotoxic drugs in tumor cells obtained from patients with ovarian carcinoma and lymphoma may be detected by the FMCA. It also suggested that bortezomib and gefitinib could represent promising agents for treatment of ovarian carcinoma and that PKC412 might be of less use for patients with this diagnose.

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Baharith, Lamya Abdulbasit. "Statistical methods for cytotoxic assays data." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429827.

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Hanson, Jane Alice. "In vitro assays of cell response." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304827.

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Musembi, Susan Mbithe. "Immunological assays relevant to definition of bovine theileria parva-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7171.

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A major objective in Theileria parva subunit vaccine development is to induce a vaccine antigen specific response mediated by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL). Therefore it is essential to be able to measure the frequency of the responding CD8+ T cells after vaccination and correlate it with a clinical outcome on challenge. Recently concluded immunogenicity and efficacy studies of T. parva specific CTL antigens showed successful induction of CTL responses in some animals, which correlated with reduced disease severity after challenge. To provide correlates of immunity antigen-specific CD8+ T cell mediated IFN-γ responses and CTL lytic responses were measured over the course of the experiments. Several challenges presented in these trials aimed at optimising vaccine efficacy. While the IFN-γ ELISPOT is a sensitive and reliable assay widely used in vaccine research, the use of chromium/indium release assay remains to be the only assay in use that measures T. parva-specific CTL activity. Hence the overall goal of the study was to develop novel reagents and novel assays to identify parasite-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes with lytic potential. To address this objective, bovine perforin, granzymes A and B, as specific effector proteins expressed in activated CTL were cloned and expressed using a baculovirus expression system. Sequence analysis of the cloned cDNAs showed the isolated cDNA belonged to the perforin and granzyme sub-families respectively. Perforin cDNA demonstrated 85% homology to human perforin with presence of conserved regions resembling calcium binding motif, membrane attack complex component as well complement protein. The sequences encoded by the cloned granzyme A and B cDNAs have the features of a trypsin like serine protease and demonstrates over 70% homology to the human cDNA over the active enzyme region as well catalytic residues characteristic of serine proteases. The expressed polypeptides of all three proteins were used to produce specific antibodies for use as reagents in immunoassays including ELISpot and intracellular staining for flow cytometric analysis. While the antibodies showed reactivity to the recombinant proteins, these reagents displayed different functionality in the recognition of the native protein. Peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) class I tetrameric complexes (tetramers) are proving invaluable as fluorescent reagents for enumeration, characterisation and isolation of peptide-specific CD8+ T cells and have afforded advantages to phenotype antigen-specific T cells with minimal in vitro manipulation. Fluorescent bovine tetramers were shown to specifically stain antigen-specific CTL by directly binding the T cell receptor (TCR). Analyses of CD8 T-cell responses in live-vaccine immunised cattle also showed that this method is robust and demonstrates changes in the kinetics and specificity of the CD8+ T cell response in primary and secondary infections with T. parva. On average, results of functional assays and tetramer staining followed parallel trends, measured roughly the same populations and allowed for surface and intracellular staining for CD8 T cell marker and perforin, respectively, demonstrating a method that reliably quantifies the frequency, phenotype and function of specific CD8+ T cells. The technical simplicity, rapidity and ability of the flow cytometric technique described in this thesis to measure low frequency antigen-specific responses suggests that tetramer staining, combined with functional assays could be broadly applicable to the valuation of vaccination efficacy to determine which protocols are most successful in inducing CTL responses.
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Zahoor, A. "Measurement of cytotoxic drug-induced DNA damage in vitro." Thesis, University of East London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356460.

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Howe, Katharine. "Impact of drug transporter expression on in vitro cellular assays." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493131.

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Membrane transporters are essential for the transfer of hydrophobic molecules across the plasma membrane of cells; therefore active and facilitated transport processes can determine the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion profile of drugs.
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Booysen, Robin Alvin. "Assessment of raw and treated sewage using in vitro assays." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4324.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Water scarcity is becoming an increasingly relevant problem for urban centres, especially in Southern Africa. However, water availability is not the only concern for consumers, because water quality is just as relevant. Many studies have revealed adverse health effects in organisms exposed to polluted waters, and the main source of that water pollution was traced back to sewage treatment works (STWs). Physiological systems that are affected include the endocrine system (as well as the reproductive system) and the immune system. Recently, the Stellenbosch STW started upgrading its facility, but this procedure would also affect the STW‘s operations. Stellenbosch STW uses an activated sludge treatment, but also employs trickling filters (biofilters). After screening and grit removal, wastewater enters trickling filters, and then undergoes activated sludge treatment (aerobic basin). After activated sludge treatment (and settling) some water is chlorinated before entering a maturation pond. The other water goes directly to a larger maturation pond (for a longer period), instead. The final effluent then gets discharged into the Veldwagters River. Since STW operations is an important factor in STW effluent quality, this study aimed to investigate the water quality (at Stellenbosch STW) during the upgrade. Specifically, the bacterial quality, the steroidal quality (testosterone, progesterone, estrone: E1, 17 β- estradiol: E2 and 17 α-ethinyl estradiol: EE2) and the potential immunotoxic quality of waters were assessed. Water samples were collected after the grit removal (influent), after the trickling filters (biofilter effluent), while it was leaving the aerobic basin activated sludge effluent) and as it was leaving the maturation ponds (final effluent). To determine bacterial quality a semi-quantitative ReadyCult® assay was performed on raw water samples (detects total coliforms and Escherichia coli). Bacterial levels were high for all influent samples, water from the biofilter, water from the aerobic digester (activated sludge) and the final effluent (most days). The first collection date, however, showed less than 1cfu/mL of both E. coli and total coliforms for the final effluent. Raw water also underwent solid phase extraction, before the steroid concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Steroid levels were very high in the influent. Each treatment progressively reduced the steroid concentration. However, progesterone concentration increased during the biofilter treatment. The increase in progesterone was probably due to bacterial de-conjugation of hydrophilic-progesterone-conjugates. Nonetheless effluent steroid levels were significantly lower than the influent. Steroid reduction through the Stellenbosch STW was 96%, 95%, 55%, 78% and 87% for testosterone, progesterone, estrone, estradiol and ethinyl estradiol respectively. Much variability in steroid concentrations was noted between sampling dates. The activated sludge treatment was the best at reducing steroid concentration. Nonetheless, the STW still discharged steroids into the environment. Finally, the humoral immune effects of Stellenbosch STW influent and effluent was determined by using hybridoma cells and assessing affects on antibody production. Antibody levels were then detected by ELISA. No adverse effects to antibody synthesis/secretion were noted as a result of exposure to either influent or effluent.
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Books on the topic "In vitro cytotoxic assays"

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Zahoor, Abida. Measurement of cytotoxic drug-induced DNA damage in vitro. London: North East London Polytechnic, 1985.

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Rochelle, Paul A. Comparing cell culture and mouse assays for measuring infectivity of Cryptosporidium. Denver, CO (6666 West Quincy Ave., Denver, 80235-3098): AWWA Research Foundation, 2004.

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Schultis, Tanja. Erfassung des estrogenen Wirksamkeit von Umweltproben und Reinsubstanzen durch biologische Testsysteme: Entwicklung und Vergleich von in vitro-Assays. München: Kommissionsverlag Olderbourg Industrievelag, 2005.

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Chemosensitivity: Volume 1 : in vitro assays. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005.

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Gul, Taseen, Henah Mehraj Balkhi, and Ehtishamul Haq. Evaluation of Cellular Processes by in vitro Assays. Bentham Science Publishers, 2018.

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Gul, Taseen, Henah Mehraj Balkhi, and Ehtishamul Haq. Evaluation of Cellular Processes by In Vitro Assays. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97816810870301180101.

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Leeder, James Steven *. "In vitro" assessment of the cytotoxic potential of drugs. 1989.

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Blumenthal, Rosalyn D. Chemosensitivity: Volume I: In Vitro Assays (Methods in Molecular Medicine). Humana Press, 2005.

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Mashregi, Mariam. Accelerated cytotoxic mechanism screening of isoniazid and phenylhydrazine using an in vitro hepatocyte inflammation model. 2006.

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Mitchell, Sharon Jayne. A comparison of two 'in vitro' assays to assess radiosensitivity in patients receiving radiotherapy. 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "In vitro cytotoxic assays"

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Braciale, Vivian Lam. "Generation of CD4+ and CD8+ Antiinfluenza CTL and Assay of In Vitro Cytotoxicity." In Cytotoxic Cells: Recognition, Effector Function, Generation, and Methods, 490–91. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6814-4_53.

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Komissarov, Alexey A., Sergey V. Kostrov, and Ilya V. Demidyuk. "In Vitro Assay for the Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects Provided by a Combination of Suicide and Killer Genes in a Bicistronic Vector." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 135–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8922-5_11.

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Supino, Rosa. "MTT Assays." In In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols, 137–49. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-282-5:137.

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Taylor, Lewis, Carlota Recio, David R. Greaves, and Asif J. Iqbal. "In Vitro Migration Assays." In Macrophages, 197–214. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7837-3_19.

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Thangaraj, Parimelazhagan. "In Vitro Antioxidant Assays." In Progress in Drug Research, 57–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26811-8_9.

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Bagshaw, Clive R. "In vitro motility assays." In Muscle Contraction, 126–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6839-5_9.

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Kirkland, David, and David Gatehouse. "In Vitro Genotox Assays." In Cancer Risk Assessment, 272–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470622728.ch11.

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Evans, Ian. "In Vitro Angiogenesis Assays." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 143–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2917-7_10.

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Nicklin, Steve. "Immune Function Assays." In In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols, 245–56. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-282-5:245.

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Clare, Christopher. "Mutation Assays in Bacteria." In In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols, 297–306. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-282-5:297.

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Conference papers on the topic "In vitro cytotoxic assays"

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Pangjaya, Lady Feren, Sanya Khaerunnisa, Nuzli Fahdia Mazfufah, Retno Lestari Budiman, and Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto. "Investigating different type of ovary cancer cell line for NK cell in vitro co-culture cytotoxic assay." In THE 5TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering (ISBE) 2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0049155.

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Marrero, Allison M., Scott M. Lawrence, Deborah Wilsker, Priya Balasubramanian, Robert J. Kinders, Ralph E. Parchment, Joseph E. Tomaszewski, and James H. Doroshow. "Abstract 3341: Development of a multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence assay to evaluate DNA damage repair deficient models in vitro and in vivo and the response to cytotoxic agents." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3341.

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Busek, M., S. Grünzner, T. Steege, C. Steinfelder, F. Schmieder, U. Klotzbach, and F. Sonntag. "Microfluidic system for in-vitro hypoxia assays." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Bonnie L. Gray and Holger Becker. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2253664.

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Janss, Thibaut J., Juliette Lamy, Johan Arnold, and Sofie Pattijn. "Abstract 3198: In vitro exhausted T cell assays." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-3198.

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Nock, V., R. J. Blaikie, and T. David. "Oxygen Control For Bioreactors And In‐vitro Cell Assays." In ADVANCED MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: Proceedings of the International Conference (AMN‐4). American Institute of Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3203249.

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Janss, Thibaut J., Juliette Lamy, Johan Arnold, Ellen Boelen, and Sofie Pattijn. "Abstract 3199: In vitro killing assays for immuno oncology candidates." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-3199.

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Sasaki, Noboru, Kensuke Nakamura, Masahiro Murakami, Sue Yee Lim, Hiroshi Ohta, Masahiro Yamasaki, and Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi. "Enhanced cytotoxic effect of cisplatin using diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles in vitro." In 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757353.

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"In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Assays on Hexane Extract of Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Leaves." In Sept. 21-22, 2017 Cebu (Philippines). URUAE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/uruae.ae09172018.

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Balacheva, Anelia, Momchil Lambev, Roumyana Detcheva, Thomas Bruckdorfer, and Tamara Paypanova. "In vitro assessment of the cytotoxic effects of novel RGD analogues and conjugates." In 35th European Peptide Symposium. Prompt Scientific Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17952/35eps.2018.259.

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ZÁVODNÁ, Táňa, Jan TOPINKA, and Pavel DANIHELKA. "APPLICATION POTENTIAL OF SCREENING IN VITRO TOXICOLOGICAL ASSAYS IN QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT OF NANOMATERIALS." In NANOCON 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/nanocon.2019.8687.

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Reports on the topic "In vitro cytotoxic assays"

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Prabhakaran, K., and P. G. Gunasekar. In Vitro Cytotoxic Potential of Afghanistan Sand Extract. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578524.

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Carlson, George A., and Leroy E. Hood. Early Host Responses to Prion Infection: Development of In Vivo and In Vitro Assays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446923.

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Carlson, George A., and Leroy E. Hood. Early Host Responses to Prion Infection: Development of In Vivo and In Vitro Assays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456572.

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Guzman, Juantia J., Clark L. Gross, William J. Smith, and Susan A. Kelly. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes in Culture Exposed to Sulfur Mustard. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390628.

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Cook-Mills, Joan M., Margalit Mokyr, Robert L. Perlman, and Donald A. Chambers. Neurotransmitter Supression of the In Vitro Generation of a Cytotoxic T- Lymphocyte Response against the Syngeneic MOPC-315 Plasmacytoma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237453.

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Prochownik, Edward V. Development of Rapid In Vitro and In Vivo Assays to Detect and Quantify MYC Network Protein Associations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405251.

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Prochownick, Edward V. Development of Rapid in Vitro and In Vivo Assays to Detect and Quantify MYC Network Protein Associations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393274.

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