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Journal articles on the topic 'In vitro test protocol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Garriott, Michael L., J. Barry Phelps, and Wherly P. Hoffman. "A protocol for the in vitro micronucleus test." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 517, no. 1-2 (2002): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(02)00059-1.

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Phelps, J. Barry, Michael L. Garriott, and Wherly P. Hoffman. "A protocol for the in vitro micronucleus test." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 521, no. 1-2 (2002): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(02)00221-8.

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Valverde, Araceli Maria, Aniruddh Nitin Narvekar, Afsar Raza Naqvi, and Salvador Nares. "Detoxified dental healing abutments trigger an inflammatory response in-vitro." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 60.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.60.15.

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Abstract Healing abutment (HA) is a titanium screw used in implant dentistry to replace missing teeth. Although designed for single procedure, HA are frequently reused. Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), present on HA can elicit immune responses in vivo and may lead to implant failure. The aim of this study is to test four commonly employed protocols for HA detoxification. Forty HA collected from subjects with prior implant placement were randomly distributed and detoxified using four protocols (A–D, N=10/group). Group A: Autoclave sterilized, Group B: Ultrasonic bath + autoclave,

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Borciani, Giorgia, Giorgia Montalbano, Nicola Baldini, Chiara Vitale-Brovarone, and Gabriela Ciapetti. "Protocol of Co-Culture of Human Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts to Test Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering." Methods and Protocols 5, no. 1 (2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps5010008.

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New biomaterials and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications require to be tested in a bone microenvironment reliable model. On this assumption, the in vitro laboratory protocols with bone cells represent worthy experimental systems improving our knowledge about bone homeostasis, reducing the costs of experimentation. To this day, several models of the bone microenvironment are reported in the literature, but few delineate a protocol for testing new biomaterials using bone cells. Herein we propose a clear protocol to set up an indirect co-culture system of human-derived osteob

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Pramitya Puteri, Nabilla, Lina Choridah, and Dwi Rochmayanti. "The use of Green Bean Juice as an Effort to Improve MSCT Image in Abdomen MSCT Protocol (in Vitro Study)." International Journal of Social Health 2, no. 9 (2023): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.58860/ijsh.v2i9.93.

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Oral contrast media usually used in abdominal MSCT examinations are water and contrast media containing iodine. However, there are advantages and disadvantages, so an alternative replacement for natural ingredients is needed, namely green bean juice. This study aims to prove that using mung bean extract can improve MSCT images for oral contrast media in the MSCT Abdomen protocol based on in vitro studies. The research method used was a quasi-experimental study to compare the extent to which mung bean extract improved MSCT images compared to water and contrast media containing iodine as oral co

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Cristofolini, L., E. Varini, and M. Viceconti. "In-vitro method for assessing femoral implant—bone micromotions in resurfacing hip implants under different loading conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 221, no. 8 (2007): 943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim278.

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Although prosthesis-bone micromotion is known to influence the stability of total hip replacement, no protocol exists to investigate resurfacing hip implants. An in-vitro protocol was developed to measure prosthesis-bone micromotions of resurfaced femurs. In order to assess the effect of all loading directions, the protocol included a variety of in-vitro loading scenarios covering the range of directions spanned by the hip resultant force in the most typical motor tasks. Gap-opening and shear-slippage micromotions were measured in the locations where they reach the maximum value. The applicabi

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Kandárová, Helena, Manfred Liebsch, Ingrid Gerner, et al. "The EpiDerm Test Protocol for the Upcoming ECVAM Validation Study on In Vitro Skin Irritation Tests — An Assessment of the Performance of the Optimised Test." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 33, no. 4 (2005): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290503300408.

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During the past decade, several validation studies have been conducted on in vitro methods for discriminating between skin irritating and non-irritating chemicals. The reconstructed human skin models, EpiDerm and EPISKIN, provided the most promising results. Based on experience of the similar performance of the two skin models, it was suggested that a common test protocol and prediction model should be developed for the prediction of skin irritation potential with the two models. When the EPISKIN protocol was applied with the EpiDerm model, an acceptable specificity (80%) was achieved, whereas

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Komoda, Denis Satoshi, Marilia Mastrocolla de Almeida Cardoso, and Brígida Dias Fernandes. "PD41 Quality Of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Systematic Reviews In Neglected Diseases Registered In PROSPERO: Meta-Epidemiological Review Of Methodological Compliance." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 40, S1 (2024): S114. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266462324003040.

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IntroductionDiagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic reviews (SR) provide acknowledged challenges for health technology assessment (HTA) due to insufficiency of trials and a paucity of methodological frameworks (compared with interventional SRs). Additionally, research in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is scarce. Assessing the methodological compliance of a SR protocol in this context is of utmost importance for developing robust HTA in NTD.MethodsA search strategy was conducted in PROSPERO in November 2023 to identify protocols of SRs on diagnostic test accuracy using the following terms

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Xavier, Luciano C. G., Breno N. Matos, Geisa N. Barbalho, et al. "In Vitro Performance Analysis of a Minoxidil Thermosensitive Gel with Reduced Runoff for Eyebrow Hair Growth." Gels 9, no. 4 (2023): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9040269.

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There is a growing interest in innovative products for eyebrow hair loss treatment with fewer adverse effects. Nevertheless, a fundamental formulation aspect of preventing the fragile skin from the ocular region from being irritated is that the formulations remain restricted to the application region and do not run off. Consequently, the methods and protocols in drug delivery scientific research must be adapted to fulfill such performance analysis demand. Thus, this work aimed to propose a novel protocol to evaluate the in vitro performance of a topical gel formulation with a reduced runoff fo

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Li, Shu, Po-Lin Hsu, Ye Hao, and Haiping Ren. "Study on in vitro performance verification protocol for left ventricular assist device." International Journal of Artificial Organs 43, no. 4 (2019): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398819882701.

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Objective: In vitro performance verification of ventricular assist devices using a mock circulatory loop is a prominent step to guarantee the system responses and the device performance and safety before the in vivo tests and ultimately clinical trials. Methods: In this article, we performed a comprehensive literature research to establish a verification matrix consisting of 12 test cases, defined by a set of physiological parameters which are commonly used to characterize a physiological condition. The clinical hemodynamic indicators for defining successful mechanical support were used as the

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Minten, Elizabeth V., and David S. Yu. "Protocol for in vitro lysine deacetylation to test putative substrates of class III deacetylases." STAR Protocols 3, no. 2 (2022): 101313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101313.

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Vocelka, Craig R., Eric C. Burdge, Karyn S. Kunzelman, Robert Thomas, and Edward D. Verrier. "An In Vitro Protocol for Evaluation and Comparison of Membrane Oxygenators." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 25, no. 4 (1993): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/1993254161.

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With the trend in open heart surgery toward normothermic bypass and warm blood cardioplegia, greater demand is being placed on the perfusionist to select an oxygenator that will perform safely and efficiently under a variety of conditions. While manufacturers report performance parameters for their products, the data is often not comparable due to widely differing conditions. Recent in vitro evaluation techniques employed to characterize membrane oxygenators do not simulate the actual oxygenator conditions observed during cardiopulmonary bypass. Biocompatibility and drug delivery are reported

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Segal, S. S., J. A. Faulkner, and T. P. White. "Skeletal muscle fatigue in vitro is temperature dependent." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 2 (1986): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.2.660.

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Our purpose was to determine the effect of temperature on the fatigability of isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from rats during repeated isometric contractions. Muscles (70–90 mg) were studied at 20–40 degrees C in vitro. Fatigability was defined with respect to both the time and number of stimuli required to reach 50% of the force (P) developed at the onset of the fatigue test. Fatigue was studied during stimulation protocols of variable [force approximately 70% of maximum force (Po)] and constant frequency (28 Hz). Results for soleus and EDL muscles were qualitativ

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Madeddu, Manuela, Stefano Marelli, Ahmad Abdel Sayed, Fabio Mosca, Silvia Cerolini, and Luisa Zaniboni. "Assessment of Sperm Viability and Computer-Assisted Motility Analysis in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): Effect of Several In Vitro Processing Conditions." Veterinary Medicine International 2022 (March 22, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5997320.

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In order to preserve endangered psittacine species, more basic and applied research in reproductive biology is required. Assisted reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination play an important role in parrots species conservation programs to overcome the problem of infertile eggs and male infertility. The aim of this study was to define an effective in vitro protocol in order to standardize the sperm quality evaluation in psittacines, studying Melopsittacus undulatus as model species. Semen was collected from twenty adult males by massage technique from May to June. Sperm concentr

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Cristofolini, L., S. Affatato, P. Erani, W. Leardini, D. Tigani, and M. Viceconti. "Long-term implant—bone fixation of the femoral component in total knee replacement." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 222, no. 3 (2008): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim328.

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Success of total knee replacement (TKR) depends on the prosthetic design. Aseptic loosening of the femoral component is a significant failure mode that has received little attention. Despite the clinical relevance of failures, no protocol is available to test long-term implant—bone fixation of TKR in vitro. The scope of this work was to develop and validate a protocol to assess pre-clinically the fixation of TKR femoral components. An in vitro protocol was designed to apply a simplified but relevant loading profile using a 6-degrees-of-freedom knee simulator for 1 000 000 cycles. Implant—bone

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Yasin, Sohail, D. N. Nirupama, Mohan Thomas Nainan, D. N. Naveen, R. Vijay, and Helen Thomas. "Comparative evaluation of root canal disinfection efficacy of three different endodontic irrigants using EndoVac: An in vitro bioluminescence-assisted study." Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 28, no. 2 (2025): 132–37. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_594_24.

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Abstract Aim: To compare and evaluate root canal disinfection efficacy of three different endodontic irrigants 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and 2% alexidine (ALX) using negative pressure irrigation (NPI) system with EndoVac and syringe irrigation (SI) against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Seventy single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated, enlarged up to F4, autoclaved, and inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The samples were divided into seven groups (n = 10) according to the protocol of disinfection: G1: 2.5% NaOCl + NPI, G2: 2.5% Na

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Villalta, P., and C. R. Rodrigues. "In vitro occlusal wear of restorative materials on primary teeth." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 29, no. 3 (2005): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.29.3.32681824784r10p4.

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Since primary tooth enamel wears more rapidly than permanent tooth enamel, it is important to study the mechanical wear patterns of restorative materials used in the primary dentition. It is important that an in vitro evaluation of wear resistance of different restorative materials is done in order to establish a valid in vitro test protocol for use in pediatric dentistry.

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Gupta, Varsha, Ranu Soni, Neha Jain, and Jagdish Chander. "In vitro cost-effective methods to detect carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10, no. 01 (2018): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_25_17.

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AbstractThe rise in carbapenemases-producing organisms has challenged the scientific community. Infections caused by these bacteria have limited treatment options. There are various types such as Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (Ambler class A), metallo-beta-lactamases of VIM-type, IMP-type, NDM-type (Ambler class B), and OXA-48-types (Ambler class D). An efficient strategy for detection of carbapenemase producers is important to determine the appropriate therapeutic modalities. In this study, four methods - Carba NP test, modified Carba NP (MCNP) test, carbapenem inactivation method (CIM)

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Di Carlo, Roberta, Antonello Di Crescenzo, Serena Pilato, et al. "Osteoblastic Differentiation on Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040654.

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Background: Titanium implant surfaces are continuously modified to improve biocompatibility and to promote osteointegration. Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully used to ameliorate biomaterial performances, in terms of implant integration with host tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) viability, cytotoxic response, and osteogenic differentiation capability in the presence of GO-coated titanium surfaces. Methods: Two titanium discs types, machined (control, Crtl) and sandblasted and acid-etched (test, Test) discs, were covalently functionalized wi

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Basketter, David, Dagmar Jírova, and Helena Kandárová. "Review of skin irritation/corrosion hazards on the basis of human data: a regulatory perspective." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 5, no. 2 (2012): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-012-0017-2.

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Abstract Regulatory classification of skin irritation has historically been based on rabbit data, however current toxicology processes are transitioning to in vitro alternatives. The in vitro assays have to provide sufficient level of sensitivity as well as specificity to be accepted as replacement methods for the existing in vivo assays. This is usually achieved by comparing the in vitro results to classifications obtained in animals. Significant drawback of this approach is that neither in vivo nor in vitro methods are calibrated against human hazard data and results obtained in these assays

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Sinenko, Irina, Fabien Kuttler, Valentin Simeonov, et al. "Abstract 3541: Tumoroid-based screening platform to test focal, chemo- and combination therapy for retinoblastoma." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 3541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3541.

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Abstract Current treatments for retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular malignancy, rely on a limited number of drugs repurposed from other pediatric cancer therapies. Drug toxicity and relapse of the disease necessitate new therapeutic strategies. The implementation of drug candidates in the clinic is usually followed by in vitro validation, which requires accurate and clinically relevant in vitro models. We report here a robust 3D tumoroid-based platform, for testing various clinical protocols, e.g. therapeutic agents following a single or repeated exposure, alone or in combination with

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Scarano, Antonio, Calogero Bugea, Lucia Leo, Pablo Santos de Oliveira, and Felice Lorusso. "Autologous Platelet Gel (APG): A Preliminary Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties after Activation with Autologous Thrombin and Calcium Chloride." Materials 14, no. 14 (2021): 3941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143941.

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The tensional and mechanical behavior of regenerative components, grafts, and blood clots represent an essential condition for the success of bone regeneration protocols. Autologous platelet growth factors represent a useful protocol to enhance the soft and hard tissue healing in several fields of medicine and craniofacial surgery. Different protocols for blood concentrates with and without activation have been proposed in literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro the mechanical properties of autologous platelet gel (APG) with autologous thrombin and calcium chloride

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Isola, Maurizio, Cristina Piccinotti, Massimiliano Magro, et al. "Colloidal Iron Oxide Formulation for Equine Hoof Disinfection." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030766.

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The presence of bacteria of various origins on horse hoofs enables the onset of infections following trauma or even post-surgical wounds. Thus, the analysis of new antibacterial substances is of fundamental importance. In this study, the antibacterial efficacy of Iron Animals (IA), a stable colloidal suspension of iron oxide, organic acids, and detergents, was tested in vitro and in vivo. In vitro assays were performed to test the unspecific inhibitory effect of IA on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria monitoring the microorganism growth by spectrophotometry (optical density OD600)

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Monterubbianesi, Riccardo, Flavia Vitiello, Vincenzo Tosco, Rim Bourgi, Angelo Putignano, and Giovanna Orsini. "The Influence of Two Curing Protocols on the Colour Stability and Translucency of Resin Luting Agents." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (2022): 11120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111120.

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The colour properties of resin luting agents (RLAs) can influence the aesthetic of an indirect restoration. This in vitro study aims to evaluate the colour stability and translucency of RLAs cured using two different protocols by means of a spectrophotometer. Six RLAs were investigated: Enamel Plus Flow (MF), Enamel Plus (MH), light-cure Nexus Third Generation (NX3L), dual-cure Nexus Third Generation (NX3D), RelyX Veneer (RXL) and RelyX Ultimate (RXD). The samples were randomly divided into two groups (n = 5) according to the curing protocol used: the traditional protocol (P1), in which the sa

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Lamb, J. C. "Reproductive Toxicity Testing: Evaluating and Developing New Testing Systems." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 4, no. 2 (1985): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818509014511.

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Reproductive toxicity testing systems are used by national and international regulatory agencies. Protocols have not been standardized between agencies or even within certain agencies. Although there have been efforts at standardization, a certain amount of the differences between testing protocols is a reflection of the needs of the particular agency. New developments in in vitro techniques might lead to new test systems, but reproductive function is dependent upon the interaction of various cells and organs that cannot presently be copied in the test tube; this makes whole-animal testing sys

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koutiech, Tammam, Omar Ahmad heshmeh, Kamal Alkerdi, Johnny Toumi, and Laith Al sabek. "Comparison of Maximum Heat Generation during Implant Site Preparation between Single and Gradual Drilling Protocols in Artificial D1 Bone Blocks: An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (June 18, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9370395.

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Aim. Two protocols for implant site preparation have been demonstrated in the literature: conventional gradual drilling and single drilling. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to assess the maximum temperature changes reached during and after implant site preparation of 4.2 implant diameter using the gradual drilling protocol and single drilling protocol. Material and Methods. The artificial bone block samples (#1522–23; Sawbones, Malmö, Sweden) with the density of d1 were divided into two groups. Twelve implant site preparations were performed with the use of only one drill in group A,

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Cornou, Cécile, Ida M. L. Drejer Storm, Ida K. Hindrichsen, et al. "A ring test of a wireless in vitro gas production system." Animal Production Science 53, no. 6 (2013): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12091.

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The in vitro gas production (GP) technique has been widely used for feed evaluation. However, variability in results limits useful comparisons. Results from a ring test undertaken in four laboratories (Italy – IT, Spain – SP, Wales – WA and Denmark – DK) using the same wireless equipment (ANKOM Technology), same substrates and same laboratory protocol are presented, including calculation of repeatability and reproducibility according to ISO 5725-2. Hay, maize starch and straw samples and units without sample (blanks) were incubated in five repetitions using rumen inoculum from cows (DK, IT and

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Sigilião, Lara Carvalho Freitas, Mariana Marquezan, Carlos Nelson Elias, Antônio Carlos Ruellas, and Eduardo Franzotti Sant'Anna. "Efficiency of different protocols for enamel clean-up after bracket debonding: an in vitro study." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 5 (2015): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.20.5.078-085.oar.

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Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficiency of six protocols for cleaning-up tooth enamel after bracket debonding.Methods:A total of 60 premolars were divided into six groups, according to the tools used for clean-up: 12-blade bur at low speed (G12L), 12-blade bur at high speed (G12H), 30-blade bur at low speed (G30L), DU10CO ORTHO polisher (GDU), Renew System (GR) and Diagloss polisher (GD). Mean roughness (Ra) and mean roughness depth (Rz) of enamel surface were analyzed with a profilometer. Paired t-test was used to assess Ra and Rz before and after enamel clean-up. ANOVA/Tukey tes

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Mondo, Jean M., Paterne A. Agre, Robert Asiedu, Malachy O. Akoroda, and Asrat Asfaw. "Optimized Protocol for In Vitro Pollen Germination in Yam (Dioscorea spp.)." Plants 10, no. 4 (2021): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040795.

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Yam (Dioscorea spp.) plants are mostly dioecious and sometimes monoecious. Low, irregular, and asynchronous flowering of the genotypes are critical problems in yam breeding. Selecting suitable pollen parents and preserving yam pollen for future use are potential means of controlling these constraints and optimizing hybridization practice in yam breeding programs. However, implementing such procedures requires a robust protocol for pollen collection and viability testing to monitor pollen quality in the field and in storage. This study, therefore, aimed at optimizing the pollen germination asse

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Freire, Cassio G., João P. P. Gardin, Cesar M. Baratto, Renato L. Vieira, and Simone S. Werner. "Micropropagation’s Complete Protocol of Red Araçá (Psidium cattleianum, Myrtaceae) from Germinated Seeds in vitro." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n2p234.

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Red Araçá’s (Psidium cattleianum) micropropagation processes have shown enormous potential both in terms of research and as a sustainable native resource to be used in the areas of food production, ecology, and pharmacology. Currently, however, despite that potential, research efforts involving this myrtaceae, native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, have been scarce. With that in mind, this study set out to establish micropropagation techniques that would allow the development of a feasible protocol to be used with Red Araçá, achieving its mircropropagation from in vitro germinated seeds. Dif

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Fisher, A. C., G. M. Bernacca, T. G. Mackay, W. R. Dimitri, R. Wilkinson, and D. J. Wheatley. "Calcification Modelling in Artificial Heart Valves." International Journal of Artificial Organs 15, no. 5 (1992): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889201500506.

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This study has examined a range of methods of studying the calcification process in bovine pericardial and polyurethane biomaterials. The calcification methods include static and dynamic, in vitro and in vivo tests. The analytical methods include measurement of depletion rates of calcium and phosphate from in vitro calcifying solutions, analysis of tissue contents of calcium, histological staining of tissue sections for calcium, X-ray elemental analysis, by scanning electron microscopy, of calcium and phosphorus distributions over valve leaflets calcified in vitro under dynamic conditions. Bov

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Medić, Nina, Damir Roje, and Marina Šprem Goldštajn. "Does the Timing of Antagonist Treatment Influence Cycle Outcomes in Unexpected Low Responders of POSEIDON Class 1 and 2?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 6 (2025): 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061901.

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Background/Objectives: Unexpected low responders are patients with normal ovarian reserve tests who exhibit suboptimal responses to stimulation but have promising treatment potential due to adequate follicle availability. This study aimed to compare the live birth rates (LBRs) between fixed and flexible gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocols in low-prognosis patients from Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number (POSEIDON) groups 1 and 2. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 117 women classified as POSEIDON groups 1 and 2 who un

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Matos, Adriana Bona, Bruna Uglik Garbui, Cynthia Soares de Azevedo, Caroline Martins e. Silva, Maria Regina Lorenzetti Simionato, and Anderson Zanardi de Freitas. "Obtaining Artificially Caries-affected Dentin for in vitro Studies." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 1 (2014): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1480.

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ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated and improved a protocol for obtaining standard caries-affected dentin (CAD) by Streptococcus mutans biofilm demineralization process. Materials and methods Forty-eight human molars were divided in six experimental groups, according to: period of cariogenic challenge (7, 14 or 21 days) and type of dentin (erupted or unerupted teeth). After complete cariogenic challenge sound and CAD dentin were evaluated by: visual inspection (VI), digital radiography (DR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser fluorescence (LF). Results Visual inspection confirmed the f

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Vigo, Daniele, Massimo Faustini, Maria Luisa Torre, et al. "Boar semen controlled-delivery system: morphological investigation and in vitro fertilization test." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 14, no. 5 (2002): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd02004.

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A technology for encapsulation of swine semen in barium alginate and protamine alginate has recently been proposed for the controlled release of the spermatozoa, thus reducing the number of instrumental inseminations required. Controlled-release capsules containing swine spermatozoa were prepared by adding saturated BaCl2 solution to ejaculate and dropping the resulting suspension into a sodium alginate solution, leading to the formation of barium alginate capsules. A second type of capsule was obtained by cross-linking the barium alginate with protamine sulfate. Two types of membrane were thu

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Anantasika, Anak Agung Ngurah, Anom Suardika, and Anak Agung Gde Kiki Sanjaya Dharma. "Effect of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on Endometrial Thickness of Wistar Rats Under Antagonist Protocol in In Vitro Fertilization." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 6, no. 6 (2024): 82–84. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2024.6.6.2227.

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Introduction:The advancement of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has significantly improved fertility outcomes, particularly through In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). One critical factor influencing IVF success is the health and receptivity of the endometrium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on endometrial thickness in Wistar rats subjected to an antagonist protocol during IVF. Methods:This experimental study used a randomized post-test only con- trolled group design involving 40 Wistar rats, divided into two groups: the treatment group (admin

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Ruwiaee, Riyadh A., and Akram F. Alhuwaizi. "Effect of Artificial Aging Test on PEEK CAD/CAM Fabricated Orthodontic Fixed Lingual Retainer." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 34, no. 2 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v34i2.3147.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro long-term simulation of oral conditions on the bond strength of PEEK CAD/CAM lingual retainers. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 12 PEEK CAD/CAM retainers each composed of 2 centrally perforated 3x4mm pads joined by a connector. They were treated by 98% sulfuric acid for 1 minute and then conditioned with Single Bond Universal and bonded to the lingual surface of premolar teeth by 3M Transbond TM System. Half of the retainers were artificially aged using a 30-day water storage and 5000 thermocycling proto

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Tubiana, Jérôme, Lucia Adriana-Lifshits, Michael Nissan, et al. "Funneling modulatory peptide design with generative models: Discovery and characterization of disruptors of calcineurin protein-protein interactions." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 2 (2023): e1010874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010874.

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Design of peptide binders is an attractive strategy for targeting “undruggable” protein-protein interfaces. Current design protocols rely on the extraction of an initial sequence from one known protein interactor of the target protein, followed by in-silico or in-vitro mutagenesis-based optimization of its binding affinity. Wet lab protocols can explore only a minor portion of the vast sequence space and cannot efficiently screen for other desirable properties such as high specificity and low toxicity, while in-silico design requires intensive computational resources and often relies on simpli

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Chu, Ih, and Peter Toft. "Recent Progress in the Eye Irritation Test." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 6 (1993): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900602.

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The rabbit eye irritation test based on the Draize method is required for the hazard assessment of chemicals and products that may come into contact with the eye. Due to the potential for the suffering of animals and subjectivity of the test, many modifications of the method have been made that involved a reduction in the number of animals and a refinement of techniques. Additionally, there has been significant development of in vitro alternatives. This paper reviews recent advances in the in vivo test and in vitro alternatives, as well as regulatory requirements. While the refinement of in vi

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Acemi, Arda, and Fazıl Özen. "Optimization of in vitro asymbiotic seed germination protocol for Serapias vomeracea." EuroBiotech Journal 3, no. 3 (2019): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2019-0017.

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Abstract Serapias vomeracea is an economically important orchid species which is over-collected from nature, because of its glucomannan-rich tubers. Thus, optimization of in vitro culture methodology in this species is required to meet industrial needs and to secure its populations in nature. This study aimed to optimize the surface sterilization protocol for S. vomeracea seeds and to select the optimal seed germination medium by comparing the commonly used media in in vitro orchid culture. During seed surface sterilization, ethyl alcohol (EtOH) pre-treatment prior to sodium hypochlorite (NaOC

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Catitti, Giulia, Simone De Fabritiis, Davide Brocco, et al. "Flow Cytometry Detection of Anthracycline-Treated Breast Cancer Cells: An Optimized Protocol." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 1 (2022): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45010013.

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The use of anthracycline derivatives was approved for the treatment of a broad spectrum of human tumors (i.e., breast cancer). The need to test these drugs on cancer models has pushed the basic research to apply many types of in vitro assays, and, among them, the study of anthracycline-induced apoptosis was mainly based on the application of flow cytometry protocols. However, the chemical structure of anthracycline derivatives gives them a strong autofluorescence effect that must be considered when flow cytometry is used. Unfortunately, the guidelines on the analysis of anthracycline effects t

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Beck, Franziska, and Nicoleta Ilie. "Riboflavin and Its Effect on Dentin Bond Strength: Considerations for Clinical Applicability—An In Vitro Study." Bioengineering 9, no. 1 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9010034.

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Bioactive collagen crosslinkers propose to render the dentin hybrid layer less perceptive to hydrolytic challenge. This study aims to evaluate whether bond strength of dental resin composite to dentin benefits from riboflavin (RB)-sensitized crosslinking when used in a clinically applicable protocol. A total of 300 human dentin specimens were prepared consistent with the requirements for a macro-shear bond test. RB was applied on dentin, either incorporated in the primer (RBp) of a two-step self-etch adhesive or as an aqueous solution (RBs) before applying the adhesive, and blue light from a c

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Barrios, Yvelise, Aurelio Rodriguez, Andrés Franco, et al. "Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method." Vaccines 9, no. 11 (2021): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111315.

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Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer–BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Humoral Immune Response (HIR) was determined by the measurement o

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Antonelli, Alessandro, Francesco Bennardo, Ylenia Brancaccio, et al. "Can Bone Compaction Improve Primary Implant Stability? An In Vitro Comparative Study with Osseodensification Technique." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238623.

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Background: This study aims to analyze bone compaction and osseodensification techniques and to investigate how cancellous bone compaction could influence primary implant stability (PS). Methods: Two different surgical protocols (bone compactors—BC; osseodensification drills—OD) were compared by placing 20 implants into 20 fresh pig ribs for each procedure. Peak insertion torque (PIT) and peak removal torque (PRT) were investigated using an MGT-12 digital torque gauge, and implant stability quotient (ISQ) was analyzed using an Osstell® Beacon device. Results: Analysis of our data (T-test p &lt

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Sama, Anne E., Harrison G. Hughes, Mohamed S. Abbas, and Mohamed A. Shahba. "An Efficient In Vitro Propagation Protocol of Cocoyam [Xanthosoma sagittifolium(L) Schott]." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/346595.

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Sprouted corm sections of “South Dade” white cocoyam were potted and maintained in a greenhouse for 8 weeks. Shoot tips of 3–5 mm comprising the apical meristem with 4–6 leaf primordial, and approximately 0.5 mm of corm tissue at the base. These explants were treated to be used into the culture medium. A modified Gamborg’s B5 mineral salts supplemented with 0.05 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were used throughout the study. Thidiazuron (TDZ) solution containing 0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used. Erlenmeyer flasks and test tubes were used for growing cultures. The effect of different

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Huttala, Outi, Synnöve Staff, Tuula Heinonen, Johanna Mäenpää, Minna Tanner, and Timo Ylikomi. "In Vitro Vascular Network Modified to Function as Culture Platform and Angiogenic Induction Potential Test for Cancer Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (2020): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051833.

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Drug treatments have been designed to inhibit tumor angiogenesis in hope of stopping tumor growth. However, not all tumor types respond to this type of treatment. A screening method which identifies angiogenesis inducing cancer types would help predict the efficacy of angiogenesis-inhibiting drugs for the patients. Our goal is to develop (1) a cell assay to assess the angiogenic induction potential of patient-derived tumor cells, and (2) a protocol for culturing cancer cells on a vascular platform. We optimized the media composition and seeding density of cells (hASC, HUVEC, and cancer cells)

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Botham, Philip A., Lesley K. Earl, Julia H. Fentem, Roland Roguet, and Johannes J. M. van de Sandt. "Alternative Methods for Skin Irritation Testing: The Current Status." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 26, no. 2 (1998): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299802600205.

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The ECVAM Skin Irritation Task Force was established in November 1996, primarily to prepare a report on the current status of the development and validation of alternative tests for skin irritation and corrosion and, in particular, to identify any appropriate non-animal tests for predicting human skin irritation which were sufficiently well-developed to warrant ECVAM supporting their prevalidation/validation. The task force based its discussions around the proposed testing strategy for skin irritation/corrosion emanating from an OECD workshop held in January 1996. The following have been revie

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Teixeira, P. P. M., L. C. Padilha, A. S. L. da Silva, et al. "316 EVALUATION OF A HORMONAL PROTOCOL FOR LAPAROSCOPIC OVUM PICK-UP IN PREPUBERTAL EWES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab316.

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In vitro embryo production is a cutting-edge technology in constant evolution and has been used routinely. With the objective of improving genetic value, recent studies have been focused on the production of high-performance descendants from early prepubertal animals. The aim of this study was to compare hormonal protocols of ovarian stimulation for laparoscopic ovum pick-up in prepubertal sheep, to determine ovarian response and number of oocytes. For this study, 36 Santa Ines sheep, aged between 4 and 8 weeks, were submitted to a progestogen-based, short-term ovulation induction protocol (wi

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Herrmann, Jaqueline, Milen Babic, Markus Tölle, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Markus van der Giet, and Mirjam Schuchardt. "A Novel Protocol for Detection of Senescence and Calcification Markers by Fluorescence Microscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10 (2020): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103475.

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Vascular calcification and stiffening of the arterial wall is a systemic phenomenon that is associated with aging and it can be increased by several risk factors. The underlying mechanisms, especially the pathways of cellular senescence, are under current investigation. Easily manageable in vitro settings help to study the signaling pathways. The experimental setting presented here is based on an in vitro model using rat vascular smooth muscle cells and the detection of senescence and osteoblastic markers via immunofluorescence and RNAscope™. Co-staining of the senescence marker p21, the osteo

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Garige, Mamatha, Susmita Ghosh, Brian Roelofs, V. Ashutosh Rao, and Carole Sourbier. "Protocol to Assess the Biological Activity of Insulin Glargine, Insulin Lispro, and Insulin Aspart In Vitro." Methods and Protocols 6, no. 2 (2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps6020033.

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Insulin is a hormone produced by β-cells of the pancreas and controls the amount of sugar in the blood. Since its discovery over 100 years ago, insulin has been used as a life-saving treatment for people with diabetes. Historically, the biological activity or bioidentity of insulin products has been assessed using an in vivo model. However, reduction in animal experiments is a goal for many worldwide, and there is a need to develop in vitro bioassays to reliably test the biological activity of insulin products. This article describes an in vitro cell-based method to assess the biological activ

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Szoleczky, Réka, Mária Budai-Szűcs, Erzsébet Csányi, et al. "Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) Approach to the Development of In Vitro Release Test for Topical Hydrogel." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 4 (2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040707.

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The aim of our study was to adapt the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach to design an effective in vitro release test method using USP apparatus IV with a semi-solid adapter (SSA) for diclofenac sodium hydrogel. The analytical target profile (ATP) of the in vitro release test and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography were defined; the critical method attributes (CMAs) (min. 70% of the drug should be released during the test, six time points should be obtained in the linear portion of the drug release profile, and the relative standard deviation of the released drug should not

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